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Diagnostic Techniques for COVID-19: A Mini-review of Early Diagnostic Methods. JOURNAL OF ANALYSIS AND TESTING 2021; 5:314-326. [PMID: 34631199 PMCID: PMC8488931 DOI: 10.1007/s41664-021-00198-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The outbreak of severe pneumonia at the end of 2019 was proved to be caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus spreading out the world. And COVID-19 spread rapidly through a terrible transmission way by human-to-human, which led to many suspected cases waiting to be diagnosed and huge daily samples needed to be tested by an effective and rapid detection method. With an increasing number of COVID-19 infections, medical pressure is severe. Therefore, more efficient and accurate diagnosis methods were keen urgently established. In this review, we summarized several methods that can rapidly and sensitively identify COVID-19; some of them are widely used as the diagnostic techniques for SARS-CoV-2 in various countries, some diagnostic technologies refer to SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome) or/and MERS (Middle East Respiratory Syndrome) detection, which may provide potential diagnosis ideas.
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2
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Falzone L, Gattuso G, Tsatsakis A, Spandidos DA, Libra M. Current and innovative methods for the diagnosis of COVID‑19 infection (Review). Int J Mol Med 2021; 47:100. [PMID: 33846767 PMCID: PMC8043662 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2021.4933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID‑19) pandemic has forced the scientific community to rapidly develop highly reliable diagnostic methods in order to effectively and accurately diagnose this pathology, thus limiting the spread of infection. Although the structural and molecular characteristics of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‑CoV‑2) were initially unknown, various diagnostic strategies useful for making a correct diagnosis of COVID‑19 have been rapidly developed by private research laboratories and biomedical companies. At present, rapid antigen or antibody tests, immunoenzymatic serological tests and molecular tests based on RT‑PCR are the most widely used and validated techniques worldwide. Apart from these conventional methods, other techniques, including isothermal nucleic acid amplification techniques, clusters of regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/Cas (CRISPR/Cas)‑based approaches or digital PCR methods are currently used in research contexts or are awaiting approval for diagnostic use by competent authorities. In order to provide guidance for the correct use of COVID‑19 diagnostic tests, the present review describes the diagnostic strategies available which may be used for the diagnosis of COVID‑19 infection in both clinical and research settings. In particular, the technical and instrumental characteristics of the diagnostic methods used are described herein. In addition, updated and detailed information about the type of sample, the modality and the timing of use of specific tests are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Falzone
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, National Cancer Institute-IRCCS 'Fondazione G. Pascale', I-80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Gattuso
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, I-95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Aristidis Tsatsakis
- Department of Forensic Sciences and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Demetrios A. Spandidos
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Massimo Libra
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, I-95123 Catania, Italy
- Research Center for the Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Tumors, University of Catania, I-95123 Catania, Italy
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3
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Falzone L, Gattuso G, Tsatsakis A, Spandidos DA, Libra M. Current and innovative methods for the diagnosis of COVID‑19 infection (Review). Int J Mol Med 2021. [PMID: 33846767 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2021.4933/html] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID‑19) pandemic has forced the scientific community to rapidly develop highly reliable diagnostic methods in order to effectively and accurately diagnose this pathology, thus limiting the spread of infection. Although the structural and molecular characteristics of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‑CoV‑2) were initially unknown, various diagnostic strategies useful for making a correct diagnosis of COVID‑19 have been rapidly developed by private research laboratories and biomedical companies. At present, rapid antigen or antibody tests, immunoenzymatic serological tests and molecular tests based on RT‑PCR are the most widely used and validated techniques worldwide. Apart from these conventional methods, other techniques, including isothermal nucleic acid amplification techniques, clusters of regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/Cas (CRISPR/Cas)‑based approaches or digital PCR methods are currently used in research contexts or are awaiting approval for diagnostic use by competent authorities. In order to provide guidance for the correct use of COVID‑19 diagnostic tests, the present review describes the diagnostic strategies available which may be used for the diagnosis of COVID‑19 infection in both clinical and research settings. In particular, the technical and instrumental characteristics of the diagnostic methods used are described herein. In addition, updated and detailed information about the type of sample, the modality and the timing of use of specific tests are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Falzone
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, National Cancer Institute‑IRCCS 'Fondazione G. Pascale', I‑80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Gattuso
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, I‑95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Aristidis Tsatsakis
- Department of Forensic Sciences and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Demetrios A Spandidos
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Massimo Libra
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, I‑95123 Catania, Italy
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Quantification of ongoing APOBEC3A activity in tumor cells by monitoring RNA editing at hotspots. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2971. [PMID: 32532990 PMCID: PMC7293259 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16802-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
APOBEC3A is a cytidine deaminase driving mutagenesis, DNA replication stress and DNA damage in cancer cells. While the APOBEC3A-induced vulnerability of cancers offers an opportunity for therapy, APOBEC3A protein and mRNA are difficult to quantify in tumors due to their low abundance. Here, we describe a quantitative and sensitive assay to measure the ongoing activity of APOBEC3A in tumors. Using hotspot RNA mutations identified from APOBEC3A-positive tumors and droplet digital PCR, we develop an assay to quantify the RNA-editing activity of APOBEC3A. This assay is superior to APOBEC3A protein- and mRNA-based assays in predicting the activity of APOBEC3A on DNA. Importantly, we demonstrate that the RNA mutation-based APOBEC3A assay is applicable to clinical samples from cancer patients. Our study presents a strategy to follow the dysregulation of APOBEC3A in tumors, providing opportunities to investigate the role of APOBEC3A in tumor evolution and to target the APOBEC3A-induced vulnerability in therapy. The DNA cytosine deaminases APOBEC3A and APOBEC3B have emerged from cancer genomics studies as drivers of mutation in cancers and tumor heterogeneity. Here the authors present a computational approach to identify the RNA mutations specifically driven by APOBEC3A, and developed an RNA mutation-based assay to quantify ongoing APOBEC3A activity in tumor cells.
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Wu C, Maley AM, Walt DR. Single-molecule measurements in microwells for clinical applications. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2019:1-21. [PMID: 31865834 DOI: 10.1080/10408363.2019.1700903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The ability to detect and analyze proteins, nucleic acids, and other biomolecules is critical for clinical diagnostics and for understanding the underlying mechanisms of disease. Current detection methods in clinical and research laboratories rely upon bulk measurement techniques such as immunoassays, polymerase chain reaction, and mass spectrometry to detect these biomarkers. However, many potentially useful protein or nucleic acid biomarkers in blood, saliva, or other biofluids exist at concentrations well below the detection limits of current methods, necessitating the development of more sensitive technologies. Single-molecule measurements are poised to address this challenge, vastly improving sensitivity for detecting low abundance biomarkers and rare events within a population. Microwell arrays have emerged as a powerful tool for single-molecule measurements, enabling ultrasensitive detection of disease-relevant biomolecules in easily accessible biofluids. This review discusses the development, fundamentals, and clinical applications of microwell-based single-molecule methods, as well as challenges and future directions for translating these methods to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connie Wu
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Adam M Maley
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David R Walt
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
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CRISPR-typing PCR (ctPCR), a new Cas9-based DNA detection method. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14126. [PMID: 30237405 PMCID: PMC6148268 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32329-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study develops a new method for detecting and typing target DNA based on Cas9 nuclease, which was named as ctPCR, representing Cas9-sgRNA- or CRISPR-typing PCR. The technique can detect and type target DNA easily, rapidly, specifically, and sensitively. This technique detects target DNA in three steps: (1) amplifying target DNA with PCR by using a pair of universal primers (PCR1); (2) treating PCR1 products with a process referred to as CAT, representing Cas9 cutting, A tailing and T adaptor ligation; (3) amplifying the CAT-treated DNA with PCR by using a pair of general-specific primers (gs-primers) (PCR2). This method was verified by detecting HPV16 and HPV18 L1 gene in 13 different high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) subtypes. This method was also verified by detecting the L1 and E6-E7 genes of two high-risk HPVs (HPV16 and 18) in cervical carcinoma cells and many clinical samples. In this method, PCR1 was performed to determine if the detected DNA sample contained the target DNA (such as virus infection), while PCR2 was performed to discriminate which genotypic target DNA was present in the detected DNA sample (such as virus subtypes). Based on these proof-of-concept experiments, this study provides a new CRISPR/Cas9-based DNA detection and typing method.
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Zhu Q, Xu Y, Qiu L, Ma C, Yu B, Song Q, Jin W, Jin Q, Liu J, Mu Y. A scalable self-priming fractal branching microchannel net chip for digital PCR. LAB ON A CHIP 2017; 17:1655-1665. [PMID: 28418438 DOI: 10.1039/c7lc00267j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
As an absolute quantification method at the single-molecule level, digital PCR has been widely used in many bioresearch fields, such as next generation sequencing, single cell analysis, gene editing detection and so on. However, existing digital PCR methods still have some disadvantages, including high cost, sample loss, and complicated operation. In this work, we develop an exquisite scalable self-priming fractal branching microchannel net digital PCR chip. This chip with a special design inspired by natural fractal-tree systems has an even distribution and 100% compartmentalization of the sample without any sample loss, which is not available in existing chip-based digital PCR methods. A special 10 nm nano-waterproof layer was created to prevent the solution from evaporating. A vacuum pre-packaging method called self-priming reagent introduction is used to passively drive the reagent flow into the microchannel nets, so that this chip can realize sequential reagent loading and isolation within a couple of minutes, which is very suitable for point-of-care detection. When the number of positive microwells stays in the range of 100 to 4000, the relative uncertainty is below 5%, which means that one panel can detect an average of 101 to 15 374 molecules by the Poisson distribution. This chip is proved to have an excellent ability for single molecule detection and quantification of low expression of hHF-MSC stem cell markers. Due to its potential for high throughput, high density, low cost, lack of sample and reagent loss, self-priming even compartmentalization and simple operation, we envision that this device will significantly expand and extend the application range of digital PCR involving rare samples, liquid biopsy detection and point-of-care detection with higher sensitivity and accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiangyuan Zhu
- Research Center for Analytical Instrumentation, Institute of Cyber Systems and Control, State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, P. R. China.
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Abstract
Droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) is based on the isolated amplification of thousands of individual DNA molecules simultaneously, with each molecule compartmentalized in a droplet. The presence of amplified product in each droplet is indicated by a fluorescent signal, and the proportion of positive droplets allows the precise quantification of a given sequence. In this chapter we briefly outline the basis of ddPCR, and describe two different applications using the Bio-Rad QX200 system: genotyping copy number variation and quantification of Illumina sequencing libraries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rolf H A M Vossen
- Leiden Genome Technology Center, Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan J White
- Leiden Genome Technology Center, Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZC, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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Olmedillas López S, García-Olmo DC, García-Arranz M, Guadalajara H, Pastor C, García-Olmo D. KRAS G12V Mutation Detection by Droplet Digital PCR in Circulating Cell-Free DNA of Colorectal Cancer Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:484. [PMID: 27043547 PMCID: PMC4848940 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17040484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
KRAS mutations are responsible for resistance to anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) therapy in colorectal cancer patients. These mutations sometimes appear once treatment has started. Detection of KRAS mutations in circulating cell-free DNA in plasma (“liquid biopsy”) by droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) has emerged as a very sensitive and promising alternative to serial biopsies for disease monitoring. In this study, KRAS G12V mutation was analyzed by ddPCR in plasma DNA from 10 colorectal cancer patients and compared to six healthy donors. The percentage of KRAS G12V mutation relative to wild-type sequences in tumor-derived DNA was also determined. KRAS G12V mutation circulating in plasma was detected in 9 of 10 colorectal cancer patients whose tumors were also mutated. Colorectal cancer patients had 35.62 copies of mutated KRAS/mL plasma, whereas in healthy controls only residual copies were found (0.62 copies/mL, p = 0.0066). Interestingly, patients with metastatic disease showed a significantly higher number of mutant copies than M0 patients (126.25 versus 9.37 copies/mL, p = 0.0286). Wild-type KRAS was also significantly elevated in colorectal cancer patients compared to healthy controls (7718.8 versus 481.25 copies/mL, p = 0.0002). In conclusion, KRAS G12V mutation is detectable in plasma of colorectal cancer patients by ddPCR and could be used as a non-invasive biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Olmedillas López
- Health Research Institute-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital (IIS-FJD), Madrid 28040, Spain.
| | - Dolores C García-Olmo
- Experimental Research Unit, General University Hospital of Albacete, Albacete 02006, Spain.
| | - Mariano García-Arranz
- Health Research Institute-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital (IIS-FJD), Madrid 28040, Spain.
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Autónoma University of Madrid, Madrid 28029, Spain.
| | - Héctor Guadalajara
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Autónoma University of Madrid, Madrid 28029, Spain.
- Department of General Surgery, General Hospital of Villalba, Madrid 28400, Spain.
| | - Carlos Pastor
- Department of Surgery, Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Madrid 28040, Spain.
| | - Damián García-Olmo
- Health Research Institute-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital (IIS-FJD), Madrid 28040, Spain.
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Autónoma University of Madrid, Madrid 28029, Spain.
- Department of Surgery, Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Madrid 28040, Spain.
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Minimal Residual Disease Detection by Droplet Digital PCR in Multiple Myeloma, Mantle Cell Lymphoma, and Follicular Lymphoma. J Mol Diagn 2015; 17:652-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmoldx.2015.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Revised: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
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Rajasekaran N, Oh MR, Kim SS, Kim SE, Kim YD, Choi HJ, Byun B, Shin YK. Employing Digital Droplet PCR to Detect BRAF V600E Mutations in Formalin-fixed Paraffin-embedded Reference Standard Cell Lines. J Vis Exp 2015. [PMID: 26484710 DOI: 10.3791/53190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
ddPCR is a highly sensitive PCR method that utilizes a water-oil emulsion system. Using a droplet generator, an extracted nucleic acid sample is partitioned into ~20,000 nano-sized, water-in-oil droplets, and PCR amplification occurs in individual droplets. The ddPCR approach is in identifying sequence mutations, copy number alterations, and select structural rearrangements involving targeted genes. Here, we demonstrate the use of ddPCR as a powerful technique for precisely quantitating rare BRAF V600E mutations in FFPE reference standard cell lines, which is helpful in identifying individuals with cancer. In conclusion, ddPCR technique offers the potential to precisely profile the specific rare mutations in different genes in various types of FFPE samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirmal Rajasekaran
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University
| | | | - Sung-Su Kim
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University
| | | | | | - Hyun-Jeung Choi
- The Center for Anti-Cancer CDx, N-Bio, Seoul National University
| | - Bohyun Byun
- The Center for Anti-Cancer CDx, N-Bio, Seoul National University
| | - Young Kee Shin
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University; The Center for Anti-Cancer CDx, N-Bio, Seoul National University;
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Clinical value of chip-based digital-PCR platform for the detection of circulating DNA in metastatic colorectal cancer. Dig Liver Dis 2015; 47:884-90. [PMID: 26160500 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2015.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Revised: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The detection of circulating DNA is considered a promising strategy in cancer patients. Digital PCR has emerged as a sensitive method able to quantify both circulating free and tumour DNA. AIM The aim of this study was to prospectively evaluate the clinical value of a chip-based digital PCR for the detection of circulating DNA. METHODS Digital PCR was used in 34 metastatic colorectal cancer patients to detect and quantify circulating free and tumour DNA based on K-ras mutational status. Clinical outcomes were analyzed according to circulating DNA measurements. RESULTS Digital PCR yielded a detection rate of 69% for circulating tumour DNA. The median concentrations of circulating free and tumour DNA were 20 and 6.8 ng/mL, respectively, with significant correlation between both biomarkers (p<0.001). Median overall survival was 4.8 months in patients with high circulating free DNA (>75% quartile) versus not reached in patients with a low level (<25% quartile) (p=0.029). Moreover, median overall survival was significantly decreased in patients with detectable circulating tumour DNA compared to those without (respectively 11.8 months versus not reached, p=0.04). CONCLUSIONS Chip-based digital PCR is a simple and non-invasive method allowing the efficient detection of circulating DNA. Our results highlight that levels of these circulating markers may have a potential prognostic value.
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Lamy PJ, Castan F, Lozano N, Montélion C, Audran P, Bibeau F, Roques S, Montels F, Laberenne AC. Next-Generation Genotyping by Digital PCR to Detect and Quantify the BRAF V600E Mutation in Melanoma Biopsies. J Mol Diagn 2015; 17:366-73. [PMID: 25952101 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmoldx.2015.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Revised: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The detection of the BRAF V600E mutation in melanoma samples is used to select patients who should respond to BRAF inhibitors. Different techniques are routinely used to determine BRAF status in clinical samples. However, low tumor cellularity and tumor heterogeneity can affect the sensitivity of somatic mutation detection. Digital PCR (dPCR) is a next-generation genotyping method that clonally amplifies nucleic acids and allows the detection and quantification of rare mutations. Our aim was to evaluate the clinical routine performance of a new dPCR-based test to detect and quantify BRAF mutation load in 47 paraffin-embedded cutaneous melanoma biopsies. We compared the results obtained by dPCR with high-resolution melting curve analysis and pyrosequencing or with one of the allele-specific PCR methods available on the market. dPCR showed the lowest limit of detection. dPCR and allele-specific amplification detected the highest number of mutated samples. For the BRAF mutation load quantification both dPCR and pyrosequencing gave similar results with strong disparities in allele frequencies in the 47 tumor samples under study (from 0.7% to 79% of BRAF V600E mutations/sample). In conclusion, the four methods showed a high degree of concordance. dPCR was the more-sensitive method to reliably and easily detect mutations. Both pyrosequencing and dPCR could quantify the mutation load in heterogeneous tumor samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-Jean Lamy
- Department of Biology and Oncogenetics, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier, Montpellier, France; Department of Biobank, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
| | - Florence Castan
- Department of Statistics, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Nicolas Lozano
- Department of Biology and Oncogenetics, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Cécile Montélion
- Department of Biology and Oncogenetics, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Patricia Audran
- Department of Biology and Oncogenetics, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Frédéric Bibeau
- Department of Biobank, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier, Montpellier, France; Department of Pathology, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Sylvie Roques
- Department of Biology and Oncogenetics, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Frédéric Montels
- Department of Biology and Oncogenetics, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Anne-Claire Laberenne
- Department of Biology and Oncogenetics, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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MicroRNA Expression can be a Promising Strategy for the Detection of Barrett's Esophagus: A Pilot Study. Clin Transl Gastroenterol 2014; 5:e65. [PMID: 25502391 PMCID: PMC4274369 DOI: 10.1038/ctg.2014.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Patient outcomes for esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) have not improved despite huge advances in endoscopic therapy because cancers are being diagnosed late. Barrett's esophagus (BE) is the primary precursor lesion for EAC, and thus the non-endoscopic molecular diagnosis of BE can be an important approach to improve EAC outcomes if robust biomarkers for timely diagnosis are identified. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are tissue-specific novel biomarkers that regulate gene expression and may satisfy this requirement. Methods: Patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and BE were selected from an ongoing tissue and serum repository. BE was defined by the presence of intestinal metaplasia. Previously published miRNA sequencing profiles of GERD and BE patients allowed us to select three miRNAs, miR-192-5p, -215-5p, and -194-5p, for further testing in a discovery cohort and an independent validation cohort. Receiver operating curves were generated to calculate the diagnostic accuracy of these miRNAs for BE diagnosis. To test specificity, the miRNA signature was compared with those of the gastric cardia epithelium and the non-intestinal-type columnar epithelium (another definition of BE). In addition, to gain insights into BE origin (intestinal vs non-intestinal), global BE miRNA profiles were compared with the published miRNA profiles of other columnar epithelia in the gastrointestinal tract, that is, normal stomach and small and large intestine. Results: The discovery cohort included 67 white male patients (40 with GERD and 27 with BE). The validation cohort included 28 patients (19 with GERD and 11 with BE). In the discovery cohort, the sensitivity, specificity and area under the curve (AUC) of the three mRNAs for BE diagnosis were 92–100%, 94–95%, and 0.96–0.97, respectively. During validation, the sensitivity and specificity of miRNAs for BE diagnosis were as follows: miR-192-5p, 92% and 94%, AUC 0.94 (0.80–0.99, P=0.0004); miR-215-5p, 100% and 94%, AUC 0.98 (0.84–1, P=0.0004); and miR-194-5p, 91% and 94%, AUC 0.96 (0.80–0.99, P=0.0001), respectively. The tested miRNAs identified all BE patients in both the discovery and the validation cohorts. When compared with non intestinal-type columnar and gastric cardia epithelia, the miRNA signature was specific to the intestinal-type columnar epithelium. Comparisons of BE miRNA sequencing data to published data sets for the normal stomach, small intestine and large intestine confirmed that two of the three miRNAs (miR-215-5p and -194-5p) were specific to the intestinal-type epithelium. Conclusions: MicroRNAs are highly accurate for detecting intestinal-type BE epithelia and should be tested further for the non-endoscopic molecular diagnosis of BE.
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Huth L, Jäkel J, Dahl E. Molecular Diagnostic Applications in Colorectal Cancer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 3:168-79. [PMID: 27600342 PMCID: PMC4996361 DOI: 10.3390/microarrays3030168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2014] [Revised: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer, a clinically diverse disease, is a leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Application of novel molecular diagnostic tests, which are summarized in this article, may lead to an improved survival of colorectal cancer patients. Distinction of these applications is based on the different molecular principles found in colorectal cancer (CRC). Strategies for molecular analysis of single genes (as KRAS or TP53) as well as microarray based techniques are discussed. Moreover, in addition to the fecal occult blood testing (FOBT) and colonoscopy some novel assays offer approaches for early detection of colorectal cancer like the multitarget stool DNA test or the blood-based Septin 9 DNA methylation test. Liquid biopsy analysis may also exhibit great diagnostic potential in CRC for monitoring developing resistance to treatment. These new diagnostic tools and the definition of molecular biomarkers in CRC will improve early detection and targeted therapy of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Huth
- Molecular Oncology Group, Institute of Pathology, Medical Faculty of the RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, D-52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Jörg Jäkel
- Molecular Oncology Group, Institute of Pathology, Medical Faculty of the RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, D-52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Edgar Dahl
- Molecular Oncology Group, Institute of Pathology, Medical Faculty of the RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, D-52074 Aachen, Germany.
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