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Xu H, Kang Y, Liang T, Lu S, Xia X, Lu Z, Hu L, Guo L, Zhang L, Huang J, Ye L, Jiang P, Liu Y, Xinyi L, Zhai J, Wang Z, Liu Y. SNP-based and haplotype-based genome-wide association on drug dependence in Han Chinese. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:255. [PMID: 38448893 PMCID: PMC10919046 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10117-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drug addiction is a serious problem worldwide and is influenced by genetic factors. The present study aimed to investigate the association between genetics and drug addiction among Han Chinese. METHODS A total of 1000 Chinese users of illicit drugs and 9693 healthy controls were enrolled and underwent single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-based and haplotype-based association analyses via whole-genome genotyping. RESULTS Both single-SNP and haplotype tests revealed associations between illicit drug use and several immune-related genes in the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) region (SNP association: log10BF = 15.135, p = 1.054e-18; haplotype association: log10BF = 20.925, p = 2.065e-24). These genes may affect the risk of drug addiction via modulation of the neuroimmune system. The single-SNP test exclusively reported genome-wide significant associations between rs3782886 (SNP association: log10BF = 8.726, p = 4.842e-11) in BRAP and rs671 (SNP association: log10BF = 7.406, p = 9.333e-10) in ALDH2 and drug addiction. The haplotype test exclusively reported a genome-wide significant association (haplotype association: log10BF = 7.607, p = 3.342e-11) between a region with allelic heterogeneity on chromosome 22 and drug addiction, which may be involved in the pathway of vitamin B12 transport and metabolism, indicating a causal link between lower vitamin B12 levels and methamphetamine addiction. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide new insights into risk-modeling and the prevention and treatment of methamphetamine and heroin dependence, which may further contribute to potential novel therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanli Xu
- College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, School of Science, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100028, China
| | - Yulin Kang
- Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China.
| | - Tingming Liang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, School of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Sifen Lu
- Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province and Precision Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xiaolin Xia
- Office of Academic Affairs, The National Police University for Criminal Justice, Baoding, 071000, China
| | - Zuhong Lu
- School of Biological Science & Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
| | - Lingming Hu
- Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Li Guo
- School of Geographic and Biologic Information, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210003, China
| | - Lishu Zhang
- College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, School of Science, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100028, China
| | - Jiaqiang Huang
- College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, School of Science, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100028, China
| | - Lin Ye
- Cheung Hong School of Journalism and Communication, Shantou University, Shantou, 515060, China
| | - Peiye Jiang
- Office of International Cooperation and Exchanges, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Jiangsu Taihu Institute of Addiction Rehabilitation, Suzhou, 215111, China
| | - Li Xinyi
- College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, School of Science, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100028, China
| | - Jin Zhai
- Department of Social Work, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, China
| | - Zi Wang
- School of Music, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210097, China
| | - Yangyang Liu
- Department of Psychology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
- School of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 200350, China.
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Fernàndez-Castillo N, Cabana-Domínguez J, Corominas R, Cormand B. Molecular genetics of cocaine use disorders in humans. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:624-639. [PMID: 34453125 PMCID: PMC8960411 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-021-01256-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Drug addiction, one of the major health problems worldwide, is characterized by the loss of control in drug intake, craving, and withdrawal. At the individual level, drugs of abuse produce serious consequences on health and have a negative impact on the family environment and on interpersonal and work relationships. At a wider scale, they have significant socio-economic and public health consequences and they cause delinquency and citizen insecurity. Cocaine, a psychostimulant substance, is one of the most used illicit drugs, especially in America, Western Europe, and Australia. Cocaine use disorders (CUD) are complex multifactorial conditions driven by both genetic and environmental influences. Importantly, not all people who use cocaine develop CUD, and this is due, at least in part, to biological factors that are encoded in the genome of individuals. Acute and repeated use of cocaine induces epigenetic and gene expression changes responsible for the neuronal adaptations and the remodeling of brain circuits that lead to the transition from use to abuse or dependence. The purpose of this review is to delineate such factors, which should eventually help to understand the inter-individual variability in the susceptibility to cocaine addiction. Heritability estimates for CUD are high and genetic risk factors for cocaine addiction have been investigated by candidate gene association studies (CGAS) and genome-wide association studies (GWAS), reviewed here. Also, the high comorbidity that exists between CUD and several other psychiatric disorders is well known and includes phenotypes like schizophrenia, aggression, antisocial or risk-taking behaviors. Such comorbidities are associated with a worse lifetime trajectory, and here we report shared genetic factors that may contribute to them. Gene expression changes and epigenetic modifications induced by cocaine use and chronic abuse in humans are addressed by reviewing transcriptomic studies performed on neuronal cells and on postmortem brains. We report some genes which expression is altered by cocaine that also bear genetic risk variants for the disorder. Finally, we have a glance to the pharmacogenetics of CUD treatments, still in early stages. A better understanding of the genetic underpinnings of CUD will foster the search of effective treatments and help to move forward to personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noèlia Fernàndez-Castillo
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. .,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. .,Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. .,Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IR-SJD), Esplugues de Llobregat, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Judit Cabana-Domínguez
- grid.5841.80000 0004 1937 0247Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia Spain ,grid.452372.50000 0004 1791 1185Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain ,grid.5841.80000 0004 1937 0247Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Catalonia Spain ,grid.411160.30000 0001 0663 8628Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IR-SJD), Esplugues de Llobregat, Catalonia Spain
| | - Roser Corominas
- grid.5841.80000 0004 1937 0247Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia Spain ,grid.452372.50000 0004 1791 1185Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain ,grid.5841.80000 0004 1937 0247Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Catalonia Spain ,grid.411160.30000 0001 0663 8628Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IR-SJD), Esplugues de Llobregat, Catalonia Spain
| | - Bru Cormand
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. .,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. .,Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. .,Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IR-SJD), Esplugues de Llobregat, Catalonia, Spain.
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Zhang T, Wang K, Li N, Hurr C, Luo J. The Relationship between Different Amounts of Physical Exercise, Internal Inhibition, and Drug Craving in Individuals with Substance-Use Disorders. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182312436. [PMID: 34886162 PMCID: PMC8656815 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182312436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: To explore the relationship between different amounts of physical exercise and drug craving in individuals with substance-use disorders (SUD), and to reveal the mediating role of internal inhibition between physical activity and drug craving. Method: This study adopted the Physical Activity Rating Scale, Internal Inhibition Scale, and Drug Craving Scale to assess 438 cases of SUD in a compulsory isolation detoxification center in southwest China. Results: (1) The amount of physical exercise individuals with SUD engaged in was positively correlated with internal inhibition and negatively correlated with drug craving, while the amount of physical exercise was negatively correlated with drug craving. (2) The amount of physical exercise was able to negatively predict drug craving in addicts, the amount of physical exercise and internal inhibition were able to jointly predict drug craving, and internal inhibition played a mediating role between the amount of physical exercise and drug craving (the mediating effect was 0.22). (3) There was a dose-effect relationship regarding different amounts of physical exercises and drug craving. Internal inhibition did not mediate between a low amount of physical exercise and drug craving, it played a partial mediating role between a moderate amount of physical exercise and drug craving (the mediating effect was −0.19), and it played a partial mediating role between a high amount of physical exercise and drug craving (the mediating effect was −0.15). Conclusions: Physical activity has a positive effect on reducing drug craving in individuals with SUD. Moreover, in the process of sports rehabilitation for SUD, medium or high amounts of physical activity were required in order to effectively reduce and alleviate drug cravings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingran Zhang
- Research Centre for Activity Detoxification, College of Physical Education, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (T.Z.); (K.W.)
- Integrative Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Department of Physical Education, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si 54896, Jeollabuk-do, Korea;
| | - Kun Wang
- Research Centre for Activity Detoxification, College of Physical Education, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (T.Z.); (K.W.)
| | - Ning Li
- Integrative Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Department of Physical Education, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si 54896, Jeollabuk-do, Korea;
| | - Chansol Hurr
- Integrative Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Department of Physical Education, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si 54896, Jeollabuk-do, Korea;
- Correspondence: (C.H.); (J.L.)
| | - Jiong Luo
- Research Centre for Activity Detoxification, College of Physical Education, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (T.Z.); (K.W.)
- Correspondence: (C.H.); (J.L.)
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Cheron J, Kerchove d'Exaerde AD. Drug addiction: from bench to bedside. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:424. [PMID: 34385417 PMCID: PMC8361217 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01542-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug addiction is responsible for millions of deaths per year around the world. Still, its management as a chronic disease is shadowed by misconceptions from the general public. Indeed, drug consumers are often labelled as "weak", "immoral" or "depraved". Consequently, drug addiction is often perceived as an individual problem and not societal. In technical terms, drug addiction is defined as a chronic, relapsing disease resulting from sustained effects of drugs on the brain. Through a better characterisation of the cerebral circuits involved, and the long-term modifications of the brain induced by addictive drugs administrations, first, we might be able to change the way the general public see the patient who is suffering from drug addiction, and second, we might be able to find new treatments to normalise the altered brain homeostasis. In this review, we synthetise the contribution of fundamental research to the understanding drug addiction and its contribution to potential novel therapeutics. Mostly based on drug-induced modifications of synaptic plasticity and epigenetic mechanisms (and their behavioural correlates) and after demonstration of their reversibility, we tried to highlight promising therapeutics. We also underline the specific temporal dynamics and psychosocial aspects of this complex psychiatric disease adding parameters to be considered in clinical trials and paving the way to test new therapeutic venues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Cheron
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, ULB Neuroscience Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, B-1070, Belgium
| | - Alban de Kerchove d'Exaerde
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, ULB Neuroscience Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, B-1070, Belgium.
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Park J, Sung JY, Kim DK, Kong ID, Hughes TL, Kim N. Genetic association of human Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone Receptor 1 (CRHR1) with Internet gaming addiction in Korean male adolescents. BMC Psychiatry 2018; 18:396. [PMID: 30572854 PMCID: PMC6302290 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-018-1974-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The number of people with Internet gaming addiction (IGA) is increasing around the world. IGA is known to be associated with personal characteristics, psychosocial factors, and physiological factors. However, few studies have examined the genetic factors related to IGA. This study aimed to investigate the association between IGA and stress-related genetic variants. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted with 230 male high school students in a South Korean city. We selected five stress-related candidate genes: DAT1, DRD4, NET8, CHRNA4, and CRHR1. The DAT1 and DRD4 genes were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction, and the NET8, CHRNA4, and CRHR1 genes were genotyped by pyrosequencing analysis. We performed a Chi-square test to examine the relationship of these five candidate genes to IGA. RESULTS Having the AA genotype and the A allele of the CRHR1 gene (rs28364027) was associated with higher odds of belonging to the IGA participant group (p = .016 and p = .021, respectively) than to the non-IGA group. By contrast, the DAT1, DRD4, NET8, and CHRNA4 gene polymorphisms showed no significant difference between the IGA group and control group. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that polymorphism of the CRHR1 gene may play an important role in IGA susceptibility in the Korean adolescent male population. These findings provide a justification and foundation for further investigation of genetic factors related to IGA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jooyeon Park
- College of Nursing, Keimyung University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Young Sung
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Kwang Kim
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - In Deok Kong
- Department of Physiology, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Tonda L Hughes
- School of Nursing and Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York City, USA
| | - Nahyun Kim
- College of Nursing, Keimyung University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
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Boosting of Thalamic D2 Dopaminergic Transmission: A Potential Strategy for Drug-Seeking Attenuation. eNeuro 2017; 4:eN-COM-0378-17. [PMID: 29279859 PMCID: PMC5738865 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0378-17.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
This commentary focuses on novel findings by Clark et al. (2017) published in eNeuro, which show that dopamine D2 receptors (D2Rs) in the paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus (PVT) are involved in cocaine sensitization. We extend the discussion on how their findings contribute to our understanding of the role of the PVT in drug seeking by providing new insight on the role of the PVT in the regulation of food-seeking and fear responses. We also consider the significance of the neuroanatomical findings reported by Clark et al., that the PVT is reciprocally connected with areas of the brain involved in addiction and discuss the implications associated with the source and type of dopaminergic fibers innervating this area of the thalamus.
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