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Rosemann J, Pyko J, Jacob R, Macho J, Kappler M, Eckert AW, Haemmerle M, Gutschner T. NANOS1 restricts oral cancer cell motility and TGF-ß signaling. Eur J Cell Biol 2024; 103:151400. [PMID: 38401491 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2024.151400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most frequent type of cancer of the head and neck area accounting for approx. 377,000 new cancer cases every year. The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) program plays an important role in OSCC progression and metastasis therefore contributing to a poor prognosis in patients with advanced disease. Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-ß) is a powerful inducer of EMT thereby increasing cancer cell aggressiveness. Here, we aimed at identifying RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) that affect TGF-ß-induced EMT. To this end we treated oral cancer cells with TGF-ß and identified a total of 643 significantly deregulated protein-coding genes in response to TGF-ß. Of note, 19 genes encoded RBPs with NANOS1 being the most downregulated RBP. Subsequent cellular studies demonstrated a strong inhibitory effect of NANOS1 on migration and invasion of SAS oral cancer cells. Further mechanistic studies revealed an interaction of NANOS1 with the TGF-ß receptor 1 (TGFBR1) mRNA, leading to increased decay of this transcript and a reduced TGFBR1 protein expression, thereby preventing downstream TGF-ß/SMAD signaling. In summary, we identified NANOS1 as negative regulator of TGF-ß signaling in oral cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Rosemann
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Section for RNA biology and pathogenesis, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle 06120, Germany
| | - Jonas Pyko
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Section for RNA biology and pathogenesis, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle 06120, Germany
| | - Roland Jacob
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Section for RNA biology and pathogenesis, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle 06120, Germany
| | - Jana Macho
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Section for RNA biology and pathogenesis, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle 06120, Germany
| | - Matthias Kappler
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Plastic Surgery, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle 06120, Germany
| | - Alexander W Eckert
- Department of Cranio Maxillofacial Surgery, Paracelsus Medical University, Nuremberg 90471, Germany
| | - Monika Haemmerle
- Institute of Pathology, Section for Experimental Pathology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle 06120, Germany
| | - Tony Gutschner
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Section for RNA biology and pathogenesis, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle 06120, Germany.
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2
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Khan FA, Fang N, Zhang W, Ji S. The multifaceted role of Fragile X-Related Protein 1 (FXR1) in cellular processes: an updated review on cancer and clinical applications. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:72. [PMID: 38238286 PMCID: PMC10796922 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06413-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) modulate the expression level of several target RNAs (such as mRNAs) post-transcriptionally through interactions with unique binding sites in the 3'-untranslated region. There is mounting information that suggests RBP dysregulation plays a significant role in carcinogenesis. However, the function of FMR1 autosomal homolog 1(FXR1) in malignancies is just beginning to be unveiled. Due to the diversity of their RNA-binding domains and functional adaptability, FXR1 can regulate diverse transcript processing. Changes in FXR1 interaction with RNA networks have been linked to the emergence of cancer, although the theoretical framework defining these alterations in interaction is insufficient. Alteration in FXR1 expression or localization has been linked to the mRNAs of cancer suppressor genes, cancer-causing genes, and genes involved in genomic expression stability. In particular, FXR1-mediated gene regulation involves in several cellular phenomena related to cancer growth, metastasis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, senescence, apoptosis, and angiogenesis. FXR1 dysregulation has been implicated in diverse cancer types, suggesting its diagnostic and therapeutic potential. However, the molecular mechanisms and biological effects of FXR1 regulation in cancer have yet to be understood. This review highlights the current knowledge of FXR1 expression and function in various cancer situations, emphasizing its functional variety and complexity. We further address the challenges and opportunities of targeting FXR1 for cancer diagnosis and treatment and propose future directions for FXR1 research in oncology. This work intends to provide an in-depth review of FXR1 as an emerging oncotarget with multiple roles and implications in cancer biology and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faiz Ali Khan
- Huaihe Hospital,Medical School, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Laboratory of Cell Signal Transduction, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Department of Basic Sciences Research, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre (SKMCH&RC), Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Na Fang
- Huaihe Hospital,Medical School, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.
- Laboratory of Cell Signal Transduction, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.
| | - Weijuan Zhang
- Huaihe Hospital,Medical School, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.
- Laboratory of Cell Signal Transduction, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.
| | - Shaoping Ji
- Huaihe Hospital,Medical School, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.
- Laboratory of Cell Signal Transduction, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.
- Zhengzhou Shuqing Medical College, Zhengzhou, China.
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3
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Yang P, Zhang P, Zhang S. RNA-Binding Protein MEX3A Interacting with DVL3 Stabilizes Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling in Endometrial Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010592. [PMID: 36614043 PMCID: PMC9820120 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Disease recurrence and metastasis lead to poor prognosis in patients with advanced endometrial carcinoma (EC). RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) are closely associated with tumor initiation and metastasis, but the function and molecular mechanisms of RBPs in EC are unclear. RBPs were screened and identified using the TCGA, GEO, and RBPTD databases. The effect of MEX3A on EC was verified by in vitro and in vivo experiments. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), immunofluorescence (IF), and co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) were used to identify potential molecular mechanisms of action. We identified 148 differentially expressed RBPs in EC. MEX3A was upregulated and related to poor prognosis in patients with EC. In vitro and vivo experiments demonstrated that MEX3A promoted the growth, migration, and invasion capacities of EC cells. Mechanistically, DVL3, a positive regulator of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, also increased the proliferation and metastasis of EC cells. MEX3A enhanced EMT and played a pro-carcinogenic role by interacting with DVL3 to stabilize β-catenin and upregulated the expression of its downstream target genes. MEX3A is upregulated in EC and promotes tumor progression by activating EMT and regulating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway via DVL3. MEX3A may therefore be a novel therapeutic target for EC.
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4
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Peart NJ, Hwang JY, Quesnel-Vallières M, Sears MJ, Yang Y, Stoilov P, Barash Y, Park JW, Lynch KW, Carstens RP. The global Protein-RNA interaction map of ESRP1 defines a post-transcriptional program that is essential for epithelial cell function. iScience 2022; 25:105205. [PMID: 36238894 PMCID: PMC9550651 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The epithelial splicing regulatory proteins, ESRP1 and ESRP2, are essential for mammalian development through the regulation of a global program of alternative splicing of genes involved in the maintenance of epithelial cell function. To further inform our understanding of the molecular functions of ESRP1, we performed enhanced crosslinking immunoprecipitation coupled with high-throughput sequencing (eCLIP) in epithelial cells of mouse epidermis. The genome-wide binding sites of ESRP1 were integrated with RNA-Seq analysis of alterations in splicing and total gene expression that result from epidermal ablation of Esrp1 and Esrp2. These studies demonstrated that ESRP1 functions in splicing regulation occur primarily through direct binding in a position-dependent manner to promote either exon inclusion or skipping. In addition, we also identified widespread binding of ESRP1 in 3' and 5' untranslated regions (UTRs) of genes involved in epithelial cell function, suggesting that its post-transcriptional functions extend beyond splicing regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natoya J Peart
- Departments of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jae Yeon Hwang
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Mathieu Quesnel-Vallières
- Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Matthew J Sears
- Departments of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Yuequin Yang
- Departments of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Peter Stoilov
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Institute, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Yoseph Barash
- Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Juw Won Park
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
- KY INBRE Bioinformatics Core, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Kristen W Lynch
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
- Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Russ P Carstens
- Departments of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Kang D, Lee Y, Lee JS. RNA-Binding Proteins in Cancer: Functional and Therapeutic Perspectives. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12092699. [PMID: 32967226 PMCID: PMC7563379 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12092699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) play central roles in regulating posttranscriptional expression of genes. Many of them are known to be deregulated in a wide variety of cancers. Dysregulated RBPs influence the expression levels of target RNAs related to cancer phenotypes, such as proliferation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, senescence, and EMT/invasion/metastasis. Thus, understanding the molecular functions of RBPs and their roles in cancer-related phenotypes can lead to improved therapeutic strategies. Abstract RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) crucially regulate gene expression through post-transcriptional regulation, such as by modulating microRNA (miRNA) processing and the alternative splicing, alternative polyadenylation, subcellular localization, stability, and translation of RNAs. More than 1500 RBPs have been identified to date, and many of them are known to be deregulated in cancer. Alterations in the expression and localization of RBPs can influence the expression levels of oncogenes, tumor-suppressor genes, and genome stability-related genes. RBP-mediated gene regulation can lead to diverse cancer-related cellular phenotypes, such as proliferation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, senescence, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)/invasion/metastasis. This regulation can also be associated with cancer prognosis. Thus, RBPs can be potential targets for the development of therapeutics for the cancer treatment. In this review, we describe the molecular functions of RBPs, their roles in cancer-related cellular phenotypes, and various approaches that may be used to target RBPs for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghee Kang
- Medical Research Center, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea; (D.K.); (Y.L.)
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea
- Program in Biomedical Science & Engineering, Inha University Graduate School, Incheon 22212, Korea
| | - Yerim Lee
- Medical Research Center, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea; (D.K.); (Y.L.)
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea
| | - Jae-Seon Lee
- Medical Research Center, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea; (D.K.); (Y.L.)
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea
- Program in Biomedical Science & Engineering, Inha University Graduate School, Incheon 22212, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-32-860-9832
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6
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Weiße J, Rosemann J, Krauspe V, Kappler M, Eckert AW, Haemmerle M, Gutschner T. RNA-Binding Proteins as Regulators of Migration, Invasion and Metastasis in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E6835. [PMID: 32957697 PMCID: PMC7555251 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nearly 7.5% of all human protein-coding genes have been assigned to the class of RNA-binding proteins (RBPs), and over the past decade, RBPs have been increasingly recognized as important regulators of molecular and cellular homeostasis. RBPs regulate the post-transcriptional processing of their target RNAs, i.e., alternative splicing, polyadenylation, stability and turnover, localization, or translation as well as editing and chemical modification, thereby tuning gene expression programs of diverse cellular processes such as cell survival and malignant spread. Importantly, metastases are the major cause of cancer-associated deaths in general, and particularly in oral cancers, which account for 2% of the global cancer mortality. However, the roles and architecture of RBPs and RBP-controlled expression networks during the diverse steps of the metastatic cascade are only incompletely understood. In this review, we will offer a brief overview about RBPs and their general contribution to post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. Subsequently, we will highlight selected examples of RBPs that have been shown to play a role in oral cancer cell migration, invasion, and metastasis. Last but not least, we will present targeting strategies that have been developed to interfere with the function of some of these RBPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Weiße
- Junior Research Group ‘RNA Biology and Pathogenesis’, Medical Faculty, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany; (J.W.); (J.R.); (V.K.)
| | - Julia Rosemann
- Junior Research Group ‘RNA Biology and Pathogenesis’, Medical Faculty, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany; (J.W.); (J.R.); (V.K.)
| | - Vanessa Krauspe
- Junior Research Group ‘RNA Biology and Pathogenesis’, Medical Faculty, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany; (J.W.); (J.R.); (V.K.)
| | - Matthias Kappler
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Plastic Surgery, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany;
| | - Alexander W. Eckert
- Department of Cranio Maxillofacial Surgery, Paracelsus Medical University, 90471 Nuremberg, Germany;
| | - Monika Haemmerle
- Institute of Pathology, Section for Experimental Pathology, Medical Faculty, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany;
| | - Tony Gutschner
- Junior Research Group ‘RNA Biology and Pathogenesis’, Medical Faculty, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany; (J.W.); (J.R.); (V.K.)
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7
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Mencucci MV, Lapyckyj L, Rosso M, Besso MJ, Belgorosky D, Isola M, Vanzulli S, Lodillinsky C, Eiján AM, Tejerizo JC, Gonzalez MI, Zubieta ME, Vazquez-Levin MH. Ephrin-B1 Is a Novel Biomarker of Bladder Cancer Aggressiveness. Studies in Murine Models and in Human Samples. Front Oncol 2020; 10:283. [PMID: 32292715 PMCID: PMC7119101 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer (BC) is the ninth most common cancer worldwide, but molecular changes are still under study. During tumor progression, Epithelial cadherin (E-cadherin) expression is altered and β-catenin may be translocated to the nucleus, where it acts as co-transcription factor of tumor invasion associated genes. This investigation further characterizes E-cadherin and β-catenin associated changes in BC, by combining bioinformatics, an experimental murine cell model (MB49/MB49-I) and human BC samples. In in silico studies, a DisGeNET (gene-disease associations database) analysis identified CDH1 (E-cadherin gene) as one with highest score among 130 BC related-genes. COSMIC mutation analysis revealed CDH1 low mutations rates. Compared to MB49 control BC cells, MB49-I invasive cells showed decreased E-cadherin expression, E- to P-cadherin switch, higher β-catenin nuclear signal and lower cytoplasmic p-Ser33-β-catenin signal, higher Ephrin-B1 ligand and EphB2 receptor expression, higher Phospho-Stat3 and Urokinase-type Plasminogen Activator (UPA), and UPA receptor expression. MB49-I cells transfected with Ephrin-B1 siRNA showed lower migratory and invasive capacity than control cells (scramble siRNA). By immunohistochemistry, orthotopic MB49-I tumors had lower E-cadherin, increased nuclear β-catenin, lower pSer33-β-catenin cytoplasmic signal, and higher Ephrin-B1 expression than MB49 tumors. Similar changes were found in human BC tumors, and 83% of infiltrating tumors depicted a high Ephrin-B1 stain. An association between higher Ephrin-B1 expression and higher stage and tumor grade was found. No association was found between abnormal E-cadherin signal, Ephrin-B1 expression or clinical-pathological parameter. This study thoroughly analyzed E-cadherin and associated changes in BC, and reports Ephrin-B1 as a new marker of tumor aggressiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Victoria Mencucci
- Laboratorio de Estudios de la Interacción Celular en Reproducción y Cáncer, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME; CONICET-FIBYME), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lara Lapyckyj
- Laboratorio de Estudios de la Interacción Celular en Reproducción y Cáncer, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME; CONICET-FIBYME), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marina Rosso
- Laboratorio de Estudios de la Interacción Celular en Reproducción y Cáncer, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME; CONICET-FIBYME), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María José Besso
- Laboratorio de Estudios de la Interacción Celular en Reproducción y Cáncer, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME; CONICET-FIBYME), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Denise Belgorosky
- Research Area, Instituto de Oncología Angel H. Roffo, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariana Isola
- Departamento de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Catalina Lodillinsky
- Research Area, Instituto de Oncología Angel H. Roffo, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ana María Eiján
- Research Area, Instituto de Oncología Angel H. Roffo, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan Carlos Tejerizo
- Departamento de Urología, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - María Ercilia Zubieta
- Departamento de Urología, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mónica Hebe Vazquez-Levin
- Laboratorio de Estudios de la Interacción Celular en Reproducción y Cáncer, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME; CONICET-FIBYME), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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8
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Dong Y, Xiao Y, Shi Q, Jiang C. Dysregulated lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA Network Reveals Patient Survival-Associated Modules and RNA Binding Proteins in Invasive Breast Carcinoma. Front Genet 2020; 10:1284. [PMID: 32010179 PMCID: PMC6975227 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.01284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women, but few biomarkers are effective in clinic. Previous studies have shown the important roles of non-coding RNAs in diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy selection for breast cancer and have suggested the significance of integrating molecules at different levels to interpret the mechanism of breast cancer. Here, we collected transcriptome data including long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), microRNA (miRNA), and mRNA for ~1,200 samples, including 1079 invasive breast carcinoma samples and 104 normal samples, from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) project. We identified differentially expressed lncRNAs, miRNAs, and mRNAs that distinguished invasive carcinoma samples from normal samples. We further constructed an integrated dysregulated network consisting of differentially expressed lncRNAs, miRNAs, and mRNAs and found housekeeping and cancer-related functions. Moreover, 58 RNA binding proteins (RBPs) involved in biological processes that are essential to maintain cell survival were found in the dysregulated network, and 10 were correlated with overall survival. In addition, we identified two modules that stratify patients into high- and low-risk subgroups. The expression patterns of these two modules were significantly different in invasive carcinoma versus normal samples, and some molecules were high-confidence biomarkers of breast cancer. Together, these data demonstrated an important clinical application for improving outcome prediction for invasive breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Dong
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Xiao
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Qihui Shi
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunjie Jiang
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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9
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Neumann DP, Goodall GJ, Gregory PA. Regulation of splicing and circularisation of RNA in epithelial mesenchymal plasticity. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2017; 75:50-60. [PMID: 28789987 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Interconversions between epithelial and mesenchymal states, often referred to as epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) and its reverse MET, play important roles in embryonic development and are recapitulated in various adult pathologies including cancer progression. These conversions are regulated by complex transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms including programs of alternative splicing which are orchestrated by specific splicing factors. This review will focus on the latest developments in our understanding of the splicing factors regulating epithelial mesenchymal plasticity associated with cancer progression and the induction of pluripotency, including potential roles for circular RNAs (circRNAs) which have been recently implicated in these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel P Neumann
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Gregory J Goodall
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia; Discipline of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia; School of Molecular and Biomedical Science, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Philip A Gregory
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia; Discipline of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.
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10
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Alternative splicing as a regulator of development and tissue identity. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2017; 18:437-451. [PMID: 28488700 DOI: 10.1038/nrm.2017.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 773] [Impact Index Per Article: 110.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Alternative splicing of eukaryotic transcripts is a mechanism that enables cells to generate vast protein diversity from a limited number of genes. The mechanisms and outcomes of alternative splicing of individual transcripts are relatively well understood, and recent efforts have been directed towards studying splicing networks. It has become apparent that coordinated splicing networks regulate tissue and organ development, and that alternative splicing has important physiological functions in different developmental processes in humans.
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11
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Li T, Li S, Chen D, Chen B, Yu T, Zhao F, Wang Q, Yao M, Huang S, Chen Z, He X. Transcriptomic analyses of RNA-binding proteins reveal eIF3c promotes cell proliferation in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Sci 2017; 108:877-885. [PMID: 28231410 PMCID: PMC5448617 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
RNA‐binding proteins (RBPs) play fundamental roles in the RNA life cycle. The aberrant expression of RBPs is often observed in human disease, including cancer. In this study, we screened for the expression levels of 1542 human RBPs in The Cancer Genome Atlas liver hepatocellular carcinoma samples and found 92 consistently upregulated RBP genes in HCC compared with normal samples. Additionally, we undertook a Kaplan–Meier analysis and found that high expression of 15 RBP genes was associated with poor prognosis in patients with HCC. Furthermore, we found that eIF3c promotes HCC cell proliferation in vitro as well as tumorigenicity in vivo. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis showed that high eIF3c expression is positively associated with KRAS, vascular endothelial growth factor, and Hedgehog signaling pathways, all of which are closely associated with specific cancer‐related gene sets. Our study provides the basis for further investigation of the molecular mechanism by which eIF3c promotes the development and progression of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tangjian Li
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengli Li
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Di Chen
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bing Chen
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fangyu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qifeng Wang
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shenglin Huang
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiao Chen
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xianghuo He
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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12
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Tranchevent LC, Aubé F, Dulaurier L, Benoit-Pilven C, Rey A, Poret A, Chautard E, Mortada H, Desmet FO, Chakrama FZ, Moreno-Garcia MA, Goillot E, Janczarski S, Mortreux F, Bourgeois CF, Auboeuf D. Identification of protein features encoded by alternative exons using Exon Ontology. Genome Res 2017; 27:1087-1097. [PMID: 28420690 PMCID: PMC5453322 DOI: 10.1101/gr.212696.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Transcriptomic genome-wide analyses demonstrate massive variation of alternative splicing in many physiological and pathological situations. One major challenge is now to establish the biological contribution of alternative splicing variation in physiological- or pathological-associated cellular phenotypes. Toward this end, we developed a computational approach, named “Exon Ontology,” based on terms corresponding to well-characterized protein features organized in an ontology tree. Exon Ontology is conceptually similar to Gene Ontology-based approaches but focuses on exon-encoded protein features instead of gene level functional annotations. Exon Ontology describes the protein features encoded by a selected list of exons and looks for potential Exon Ontology term enrichment. By applying this strategy to exons that are differentially spliced between epithelial and mesenchymal cells and after extensive experimental validation, we demonstrate that Exon Ontology provides support to discover specific protein features regulated by alternative splicing. We also show that Exon Ontology helps to unravel biological processes that depend on suites of coregulated alternative exons, as we uncovered a role of epithelial cell-enriched splicing factors in the AKT signaling pathway and of mesenchymal cell-enriched splicing factors in driving splicing events impacting on autophagy. Freely available on the web, Exon Ontology is the first computational resource that allows getting a quick insight into the protein features encoded by alternative exons and investigating whether coregulated exons contain the same biological information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léon-Charles Tranchevent
- Université Lyon 1, ENS de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5239, INSERM U1210, Laboratory of Biology and Modelling of the Cell, F-69007, Lyon, France
| | - Fabien Aubé
- Université Lyon 1, ENS de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5239, INSERM U1210, Laboratory of Biology and Modelling of the Cell, F-69007, Lyon, France
| | - Louis Dulaurier
- Université Lyon 1, ENS de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5239, INSERM U1210, Laboratory of Biology and Modelling of the Cell, F-69007, Lyon, France
| | - Clara Benoit-Pilven
- Université Lyon 1, ENS de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5239, INSERM U1210, Laboratory of Biology and Modelling of the Cell, F-69007, Lyon, France
| | - Amandine Rey
- Université Lyon 1, ENS de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5239, INSERM U1210, Laboratory of Biology and Modelling of the Cell, F-69007, Lyon, France
| | - Arnaud Poret
- Université Lyon 1, ENS de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5239, INSERM U1210, Laboratory of Biology and Modelling of the Cell, F-69007, Lyon, France
| | - Emilie Chautard
- Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Évolutive, Université Lyon 1, UMR CNRS 5558, INRIA Erable, Villeurbanne, F-69622, France
| | - Hussein Mortada
- Université Lyon 1, ENS de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5239, INSERM U1210, Laboratory of Biology and Modelling of the Cell, F-69007, Lyon, France
| | - François-Olivier Desmet
- Université Lyon 1, ENS de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5239, INSERM U1210, Laboratory of Biology and Modelling of the Cell, F-69007, Lyon, France
| | - Fatima Zahra Chakrama
- Université Lyon 1, ENS de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5239, INSERM U1210, Laboratory of Biology and Modelling of the Cell, F-69007, Lyon, France
| | - Maira Alejandra Moreno-Garcia
- Université Lyon 1, ENS de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5239, INSERM U1210, Laboratory of Biology and Modelling of the Cell, F-69007, Lyon, France
| | - Evelyne Goillot
- Institut NeuroMyoGène, CNRS UMR 5310, INSERM U1217, Université Lyon 1, Lyon, F-69007 France
| | - Stéphane Janczarski
- Université Lyon 1, ENS de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5239, INSERM U1210, Laboratory of Biology and Modelling of the Cell, F-69007, Lyon, France
| | - Franck Mortreux
- Université Lyon 1, ENS de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5239, INSERM U1210, Laboratory of Biology and Modelling of the Cell, F-69007, Lyon, France
| | - Cyril F Bourgeois
- Université Lyon 1, ENS de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5239, INSERM U1210, Laboratory of Biology and Modelling of the Cell, F-69007, Lyon, France
| | - Didier Auboeuf
- Université Lyon 1, ENS de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5239, INSERM U1210, Laboratory of Biology and Modelling of the Cell, F-69007, Lyon, France
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13
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Chaudhury A, Cheema S, Fachini JM, Kongchan N, Lu G, Simon LM, Wang T, Mao S, Rosen DG, Ittmann MM, Hilsenbeck SG, Shaw CA, Neilson JR. CELF1 is a central node in post-transcriptional regulatory programmes underlying EMT. Nat Commun 2016; 7:13362. [PMID: 27869122 PMCID: PMC5121338 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The importance of translational regulation in tumour biology is increasingly appreciated. Here, we leverage polyribosomal profiling to prospectively define translational regulatory programs underlying epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in breast epithelial cells. We identify a group of ten translationally regulated drivers of EMT sharing a common GU-rich cis-element within the 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR) of their mRNA. These cis-elements, necessary for the regulatory activity imparted by these 3'-UTRs, are directly bound by the CELF1 protein, which itself is regulated post-translationally during the EMT program. CELF1 is necessary and sufficient for both mesenchymal transition and metastatic colonization, and CELF1 protein, but not mRNA, is significantly overexpressed in human breast cancer tissues. Our data present an 11-component genetic pathway, invisible to transcriptional profiling approaches, in which the CELF1 protein functions as a central node controlling translational activation of genes driving EMT and ultimately tumour progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arindam Chaudhury
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Shebna Cheema
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Joseph M. Fachini
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Natee Kongchan
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Guojun Lu
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Lukas M. Simon
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
- Department of Structural and Computational Biology and Molecular Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Tao Wang
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Sufeng Mao
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Daniel G. Rosen
- Department of Pathology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Michael M. Ittmann
- Department of Pathology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Susan G. Hilsenbeck
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Chad A. Shaw
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Joel R. Neilson
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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14
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Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition and Breast Cancer. J Clin Med 2016; 5:jcm5020013. [PMID: 26821054 PMCID: PMC4773769 DOI: 10.3390/jcm5020013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Revised: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women and distant site metastasis is the main cause of death in breast cancer patients. There is increasing evidence supporting the role of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in tumor cell progression, invasion, and metastasis. During the process of EMT, epithelial cancer cells acquire molecular alternations that facilitate the loss of epithelial features and gain of mesenchymal phenotype. Such transformation promotes cancer cell migration and invasion. Moreover, emerging evidence suggests that EMT is associated with the increased enrichment of cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) and these CSCs display mesenchymal characteristics that are resistant to chemotherapy and target therapy. However, the clinical relevance of EMT in human cancer is still under debate. This review will provide an overview of current evidence of EMT from studies using clinical human breast cancer tissues and its associated challenges.
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15
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Ladd AN. New Insights Into the Role of RNA-Binding Proteins in the Regulation of Heart Development. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 324:125-85. [PMID: 27017008 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2015.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The regulation of gene expression during development takes place both at the transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels. RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) regulate pre-mRNA processing, mRNA localization, stability, and translation. Many RBPs are expressed in the heart and have been implicated in heart development, function, or disease. This chapter will review the current knowledge about RBPs in the developing heart, focusing on those that regulate posttranscriptional gene expression. The involvement of RBPs at each stage of heart development will be considered in turn, including the establishment of specific cardiac cell types and formation of the primitive heart tube, cardiac morphogenesis, and postnatal maturation and aging. The contributions of RBPs to cardiac birth defects and heart disease will also be considered in these contexts. Finally, the interplay between RBPs and other regulatory factors in the developing heart, such as transcription factors and miRNAs, will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A N Ladd
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States of America.
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16
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Kim EK, Choi EJ, Debnath T. Role of phytochemicals in the inhibition of epithelial–mesenchymal transition in cancer metastasis. Food Funct 2016; 7:3677-85. [DOI: 10.1039/c6fo00901h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) development is controlled by several signaling pathways including Hedgehog, Wnt, fibroblast growth factors (FGF), hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor (HGF),etc. Phytochemicals is very promising therapeutic candidate that inhibit the progression of EMT by inhibiting the signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Kyung Kim
- Division of Food BioScience
- College of Biomedical and Health Sciences
- Konkuk University
- Chungju 27478
- Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Ju Choi
- Division of Sport Science
- College of Science and Technology
- Konkuk University
- Chungju 27478
- Republic of Korea
| | - Trishna Debnath
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology
- Dongguk University
- Goyang 10326
- Republic of Korea
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17
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Carcinogenic Parasite Secretes Growth Factor That Accelerates Wound Healing and Potentially Promotes Neoplasia. PLoS Pathog 2015; 11:e1005209. [PMID: 26485648 PMCID: PMC4618121 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Infection with the human liver fluke Opisthorchis viverrini induces cancer of the bile ducts, cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). Injury from feeding activities of this parasite within the human biliary tree causes extensive lesions, wounds that undergo protracted cycles of healing, and re-injury over years of chronic infection. We show that O. viverrini secreted proteins accelerated wound resolution in human cholangiocytes, an outcome that was compromised following silencing of expression of the fluke-derived gene encoding the granulin-like growth factor, Ov-GRN-1. Recombinant Ov-GRN-1 induced angiogenesis and accelerated mouse wound healing. Ov-GRN-1 was internalized by human cholangiocytes and induced gene and protein expression changes associated with wound healing and cancer pathways. Given the notable but seemingly paradoxical properties of liver fluke granulin in promoting not only wound healing but also a carcinogenic microenvironment, Ov-GRN-1 likely holds marked potential as a therapeutic wound-healing agent and as a vaccine against an infection-induced cancer of major public health significance in the developing world.
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