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Alwahsh SM, Rashidi H, Hay DC. Liver cell therapy: is this the end of the beginning? Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:1307-1324. [PMID: 29181772 PMCID: PMC5852182 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2713-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of liver diseases is increasing globally. Orthotopic liver transplantation is widely used to treat liver disease upon organ failure. The complexity of this procedure and finite numbers of healthy organ donors have prompted research into alternative therapeutic options to treat liver disease. This includes the transplantation of liver cells to promote regeneration. While successful, the routine supply of good quality human liver cells is limited. Therefore, renewable and scalable sources of these cells are sought. Liver progenitor and pluripotent stem cells offer potential cell sources that could be used clinically. This review discusses recent approaches in liver cell transplantation and requirements to improve the process, with the ultimate goal being efficient organ regeneration. We also discuss the potential off-target effects of cell-based therapies, and the advantages and drawbacks of current pre-clinical animal models used to study organ senescence, repopulation and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salamah M Alwahsh
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK.
| | - Hassan Rashidi
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK
| | - David C Hay
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK.
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Strick-Marchand H, Dusséaux M, Darche S, Huntington ND, Legrand N, Masse-Ranson G, Corcuff E, Ahodantin J, Weijer K, Spits H, Kremsdorf D, Di Santo JP. A novel mouse model for stable engraftment of a human immune system and human hepatocytes. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0119820. [PMID: 25782010 PMCID: PMC4364106 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatic infections by hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV) and Plasmodium parasites leading to acute or chronic diseases constitute a global health challenge. The species tropism of these hepatotropic pathogens is restricted to chimpanzees and humans, thus model systems to study their pathological mechanisms are severely limited. Although these pathogens infect hepatocytes, disease pathology is intimately related to the degree and quality of the immune response. As a first step to decipher the immune response to infected hepatocytes, we developed an animal model harboring both a human immune system (HIS) and human hepatocytes (HUHEP) in BALB/c Rag2-/- IL-2Rγc-/- NOD.sirpa uPAtg/tg mice. The extent and kinetics of human hepatocyte engraftment were similar between HUHEP and HIS-HUHEP mice. Transplanted human hepatocytes were polarized and mature in vivo, resulting in 20-50% liver chimerism in these models. Human myeloid and lymphoid cell lineages developed at similar frequencies in HIS and HIS-HUHEP mice, and splenic and hepatic compartments were humanized with mature B cells, NK cells and naïve T cells, as well as monocytes and dendritic cells. Taken together, these results demonstrate that HIS-HUHEP mice can be stably (> 5 months) and robustly engrafted with a humanized immune system and chimeric human liver. This novel HIS-HUHEP model provides a platform to investigate human immune responses against hepatotropic pathogens and to test novel drug strategies or vaccine candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helene Strick-Marchand
- Innate Immunity Unit, Department of Immunology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U668, Paris, France
| | - Mathilde Dusséaux
- Innate Immunity Unit, Department of Immunology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U668, Paris, France
| | - Sylvie Darche
- Innate Immunity Unit, Department of Immunology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U668, Paris, France
| | - Nicholas D. Huntington
- Innate Immunity Unit, Department of Immunology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U668, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Legrand
- Academic Medical Center at the University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Guillemette Masse-Ranson
- Innate Immunity Unit, Department of Immunology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U668, Paris, France
| | - Erwan Corcuff
- Innate Immunity Unit, Department of Immunology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U668, Paris, France
| | - James Ahodantin
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U845, Faculté de Médecine Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Kees Weijer
- Academic Medical Center at the University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hergen Spits
- Academic Medical Center at the University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dina Kremsdorf
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U845, Faculté de Médecine Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - James P. Di Santo
- Innate Immunity Unit, Department of Immunology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U668, Paris, France
- * E-mail:
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