1
|
Kundeková B, Máčajová M, Meta M, Čavarga I, Bilčík B. Chorioallantoic Membrane Models of Various Avian Species: Differences and Applications. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10040301. [PMID: 33917385 PMCID: PMC8067367 DOI: 10.3390/biology10040301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The chorioallantoic membrane model (CAM) of an avian embryo is used as an experimental model in various fields of research, including angiogenesis research and drug testing, xenografting and cancer research, and other scientific and commercial disciplines in microbiology, biochemistry, cosmetics, etc. It is a low-cost, low-maintenance, and well-available in vivo animal model that is non-sentient and can be used as an alternative for other mammal experimental models. It respects the principles of the "3R" rule (Replacement, Reduction, and Refinement)-conditions set out for scientific community providing an essential framework for conducting a more human animal research, which is also in line with constantly raising public awareness of welfare and the ethics related to the use of animal experimental models. In this review, we describe the chorioallantoic membrane of an avian embryo, focusing on its properties and development, its advantages and disadvantages as an experimental model, and the possibilities of its application in various fields of biological research. Since the most common chicken CAM model is already well known and described in many publications, we are particularly focusing on the advantages and application of less known avian species that are used for the CAM model-quail, turkey, and duck.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barbora Kundeková
- Institute of Animal Biochemistry and Genetics, CBs SAS, 840 05 Bratislava, Slovakia; (M.M.); (M.M.); (I.Č.); (B.B.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Mariana Máčajová
- Institute of Animal Biochemistry and Genetics, CBs SAS, 840 05 Bratislava, Slovakia; (M.M.); (M.M.); (I.Č.); (B.B.)
| | - Majlinda Meta
- Institute of Animal Biochemistry and Genetics, CBs SAS, 840 05 Bratislava, Slovakia; (M.M.); (M.M.); (I.Č.); (B.B.)
| | - Ivan Čavarga
- Institute of Animal Biochemistry and Genetics, CBs SAS, 840 05 Bratislava, Slovakia; (M.M.); (M.M.); (I.Č.); (B.B.)
- St. Elizabeth Cancer Institute, 812 50 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Boris Bilčík
- Institute of Animal Biochemistry and Genetics, CBs SAS, 840 05 Bratislava, Slovakia; (M.M.); (M.M.); (I.Č.); (B.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ishishita S, Tatsumoto S, Kinoshita K, Nunome M, Suzuki T, Go Y, Matsuda Y. Transcriptome analysis revealed misregulated gene expression in blastoderms of interspecific chicken and Japanese quail F1 hybrids. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0240183. [PMID: 33044996 PMCID: PMC7549780 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Hybrid incompatibility, such as sterility and inviability, prevents gene flow between closely-related populations as a reproductive isolation barrier. F1 hybrids between chickens and Japanese quail (hereafter, referred to as quail), exhibit a high frequency of developmental arrest at the preprimitive streak stage. To investigate the molecular basis of the developmental arrest at the preprimitive streak stage in chicken–quail F1 hybrid embryos, we investigated chromosomal abnormalities in the hybrid embryos using molecular cytogenetic analysis. In addition, we quantified gene expression in parental species and chicken- and quail-derived allele-specific expression in the hybrids at the early blastoderm and preprimitive streak stages by mRNA sequencing. Subsequently, we compared the directions of change in gene expression, including upregulation, downregulation, or no change, from the early blastoderm stage to the preprimitive streak stage between parental species and their hybrids. Chromosome analysis revealed that the cells of the hybrid embryos contained a fifty-fifty mixture of parental chromosomes, and numerical chromosomal abnormalities were hardly observed in the hybrid cells. Gene expression analysis revealed that a part of the genes that were upregulated from the early blastoderm stage to the preprimitive streak stage in both parental species exhibited no upregulation of both chicken- and quail-derived alleles in the hybrids. GO term enrichment analysis revealed that these misregulated genes are involved in various biological processes, including ribosome-mediated protein synthesis and cell proliferation. Furthermore, the misregulated genes included genes involved in early embryonic development, such as primitive streak formation and gastrulation. These results suggest that numerical chromosomal abnormalities due to a segregation failure does not cause the lethality of chicken–quail hybrid embryos, and that the downregulated expression of the genes that are involved in various biological processes, including translation and primitive streak formation, mainly causes the developmental arrest at the preprimitive streak stage in the hybrids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Ishishita
- Avian Bioscience Research Center, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Shoji Tatsumoto
- Cognitive Genomics Research Group, Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLs), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
| | - Keiji Kinoshita
- Avian Bioscience Research Center, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Nunome
- Avian Bioscience Research Center, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Takayuki Suzuki
- Avian Bioscience Research Center, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
- Laboratory of Avian Bioscience, Department of Animal Sciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Go
- Cognitive Genomics Research Group, Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLs), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yoichi Matsuda
- Avian Bioscience Research Center, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
- Laboratory of Avian Bioscience, Department of Animal Sciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Youssef A, Berckmans D, Norton T. Non-Invasive PPG-Based System for Continuous Heart Rate Monitoring of Incubated Avian Embryo. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 20:E4560. [PMID: 32823883 PMCID: PMC7472362 DOI: 10.3390/s20164560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The chicken embryo is a widely used experimental animal model in many studies, including in the field of developmental biology, of the physiological responses and adaptation to altered environments, and for cancer and neurobiology research. The embryonic heart rate is an important physiological variable used as an index reflecting the embryo's natural activity and is considered one of the most difficult parameters to measure. An acceptable measurement technique of embryonic heart rate should provide a reliable cardiac signal quality while maintaining adequate gas exchange through the eggshell during the incubation and embryonic developmental period. In this paper, we present a detailed design and methodology for a non-invasive photoplethysmography (PPG)-based prototype (Egg-PPG) for real-time and continuous monitoring of embryonic heart rate during incubation. An automatic embryonic cardiac wave detection algorithm, based on normalised spectral entropy, is described. The developed algorithm successfully estimated the embryonic heart rate with 98.7% accuracy. We believe that the system presented in this paper is a promising solution for non-invasive, real-time monitoring of the embryonic cardiac signal. The proposed system can be used in both experimental studies (e.g., developmental embryology and cardiovascular research) and in industrial incubation applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tomas Norton
- Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU LEUVEN), Kasteelpark Arenberg 30, 3001 Heverlee/Leuven, Belgium; (A.Y.); (D.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Katakia YT, Duddu S, S N, Kumar P, Rahman F, Kumaramanickavel G, Chatterjee S. Ex vivo model for studying endothelial tip cells: Revisiting the classical aortic-ring assay. Microvasc Res 2019; 128:103939. [PMID: 31676309 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2019.103939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
A drug undergoes several in silico, in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo assays before entering into the clinical trials. In 2014, it was reported that only 32% of drugs are likely to make it to Phase-3 trials, and overall, only one in 10 drugs makes it to the market. Therefore, enhancing the precision of pre-clinical trial models could reduce the number of failed clinical trials and eventually time and financial burden in health sciences. In order to attempt the above, in the present study, we have shown that aortic ex-plants isolated from different stages of chick embryo and different regions of the aorta (pulmonary and systemic) have differential sprouting potential and response to angiogenesis modulatory drugs. Aorta isolated from HH37 staged chick embryo showed 16% (p < 0.001) and 11% (p < 0.001) increase in the number of tip cells at 72 h of culture compared to that of HH35 and HH29 respectively. The ascending order of the number of tip cells was found as central (Gen II), proximal (Gen I) and distal (Gen III) in a virtual zonal segmentation of endothelial sprouting. The HH37 staged aortas displayed differential responses to pro- and anti-angiogenic drugs like Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), nitric oxide donor (spNO), and bevacizumab (avastin), thalidomide respectively. The human placenta tissue-culture however evinced endothelial sprouting only on day 12, with a gradual decrease in the number of tip cells until 21 days. In summary, this study provides an avant-garde angiogenic model emphasized on tip cells that would enhance the precision to test next-generation angiogenic drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yash T Katakia
- Department of Biotechnology, Anna University, Chennai 600 025, India; Vascular Biology Laboratory, AU-KBC Research Centre, MIT Campus, Chennai 600 044, India
| | - Sushmitha Duddu
- Department of Biotechnology, Anna University, Chennai 600 025, India
| | - Nithya S
- Vascular Biology Laboratory, AU-KBC Research Centre, MIT Campus, Chennai 600 044, India
| | - Pavitra Kumar
- Vascular Biology Laboratory, AU-KBC Research Centre, MIT Campus, Chennai 600 044, India
| | - Farhana Rahman
- Department of Pharmacology, Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital, BIHER, Chennai 600 044, India
| | - Govindasamy Kumaramanickavel
- Research and Centre for Cellular Genomics, Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital, BIHER, Chennai 600 044, India
| | - Suvro Chatterjee
- Department of Biotechnology, Anna University, Chennai 600 025, India; Vascular Biology Laboratory, AU-KBC Research Centre, MIT Campus, Chennai 600 044, India.
| |
Collapse
|