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Hsu HH, Ko PL, Peng CC, Cheng YJ, Wu HM, Tung YC. Studying sprouting angiogenesis under combination of oxygen gradients and co-culture of fibroblasts using microfluidic cell culture model. Mater Today Bio 2023; 21:100703. [PMID: 37483382 PMCID: PMC10359940 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Sprouting angiogenesis is an essential process for expanding vascular systems under various physiological and pathological conditions. In this paper, a microfluidic device capable of integrating a hydrogel matrix for cell culture and generating stable oxygen gradients is developed to study the sprouting angiogenesis of endothelial cells under combinations of oxygen gradients and co-culture of fibroblast cells. The endothelial cells can be cultured as a monolayer endothelium inside the device to mimic an existing blood vessel, and the hydrogel without or with fibroblast cells cultured in it provides a matrix next to the formed endothelium for three-dimensional sprouting of the endothelial cells. Oxygen gradients can be stably established inside the device for cell culture using the spatially-confined chemical reaction method. Using the device, the sprouting angiogenesis under combinations of oxygen gradients and co-culture of fibroblast cells is systematically studied. The results show that the oxygen gradient and the co-culture of fibroblast cells in the hydrogel can promote sprouting of the endothelial cells into the hydrogel matrix by altering cytokines in the culture medium and the physical properties of the hydrogel. The developed device provides a powerful in vitro model to investigate sprouting angiogenesis under various in vivo-like microenvironments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng-Hua Hsu
- Research Center of Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Engineering and System Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Liang Ko
- Research Center of Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chung Peng
- Research Center of Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Jen Cheng
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Neuroscience Program of Academia Sinica, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Mei Wu
- Department of Biomechatronics Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chung Tung
- Research Center of Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- College of Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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2
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Fleischer JR, Schmitt AM, Haas G, Xu X, Zeisberg EM, Bohnenberger H, Küffer S, Teuwen LA, Karras PJ, Beißbarth T, Bleckmann A, Planque M, Fendt SM, Vermeulen P, Ghadimi M, Kalucka J, De Oliveira T, Conradi LC. Molecular differences of angiogenic versus vessel co-opting colorectal cancer liver metastases at single-cell resolution. Mol Cancer 2023; 22:17. [PMID: 36691028 PMCID: PMC9872436 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-023-01713-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer liver metastases (CRCLM) are associated with a poor prognosis, reflected by a five-year survival rate of 14%. Anti-angiogenic therapy through anti-VEGF antibody administration is one of the limited therapies available. However, only a subgroup of metastases uses sprouting angiogenesis to secure their nutrients and oxygen supply, while others rely on vessel co-option (VCO). The distinct mode of vascularization is reflected by specific histopathological growth patterns (HGPs), which have proven prognostic and predictive significance. Nevertheless, their molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. METHODS We evaluated CRCLM from 225 patients regarding their HGP and clinical data. Moreover, we performed spatial (21,804 spots) and single-cell (22,419 cells) RNA sequencing analyses to explore molecular differences in detail, further validated in vitro through immunohistochemical analysis and patient-derived organoid cultures. RESULTS We detected specific metabolic alterations and a signature of WNT signalling activation in metastatic cancer cells related to the VCO phenotype. Importantly, in the corresponding healthy liver of CRCLM displaying sprouting angiogenesis, we identified a predominantly expressed capillary subtype of endothelial cells, which could be further explored as a possible predictor for HGP relying on sprouting angiogenesis. CONCLUSION These findings may prove to be novel therapeutic targets to the treatment of CRCLM, in special the ones relying on VCO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Robert Fleischer
- Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Straβe 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Alexandra Maria Schmitt
- Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Straβe 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Gwendolyn Haas
- Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Straβe 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Xingbo Xu
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Straβe 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Maria Zeisberg
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Straβe 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Hanibal Bohnenberger
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Straβe40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Küffer
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Straβe40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Laure-Anne Teuwen
- Department of Oncology, Antwerp University Hospital (UZA), Drie Eikenstraat 655, 2650, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Philipp Johannes Karras
- Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Straβe 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of General- and Visceral Surgery, Raphaelsklinik Münster, Loerstraße 23, 48143, Münster, Germany
| | - Tim Beißbarth
- Department of Medical Bioinformatics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Goldschmidtstraße 1, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Annalen Bleckmann
- Department of Medicine A, Hematology, Oncology, and Pneumology, University Hospital Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Mélanie Planque
- Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic Regulation, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic Regulation, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sarah-Maria Fendt
- Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic Regulation, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic Regulation, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Peter Vermeulen
- Translational Cancer Research Unit, GZA Hospitals, Sint-Augustinus, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Michael Ghadimi
- Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Straβe 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Joanna Kalucka
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Høegh-Guldbergsgade 10, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Tiago De Oliveira
- Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Straβe 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Lena-Christin Conradi
- Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Straβe 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany.
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Cammeraat M, Popovic M, Stam W, Margadant C. Live-Cell Labeling and Artificial Intelligence Approaches for High-Resolution XYZT Imaging of Cytoskeletal Dynamics During Collective Cell Migration. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2608:365-87. [PMID: 36653718 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2887-4_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Collective cell migration is crucial for a variety of pathophysiological processes including embryonic development, wound healing, carcinoma invasion, and sprouting angiogenesis. The behavior of leading and following cells during migration is highly dynamic and involves extensive cellular morphological changes mediated by the actin cytoskeleton. Imaging these rapid and dynamic changes over time requires expression of fluorescent proteins and/or live labeling with fluorescent probes, followed by acquiring series of image stacks at short intervals. This presents significant challenges related to dye cytotoxicity, signal loss, and in particular phototoxicity resulting from repeated irradiation, especially when using separate channels for multiple dyes and when imaging large z-stacks at short time intervals. In this chapter, we present methods for multicolor live-cell labeling of primary human endothelial cell populations, followed by multi-position time-lapse imaging in 2D and in 3D protein matrices. These approaches can be performed in combination with RNA interference to suppress the expression of specific proteins, as well as in mosaic assays using mixtures of differentially labeled cell populations. Finally, we present a protocol for long-term imaging at low laser intensity to minimize laser-induced cell damage, followed by post-imaging signal enhancement using artificial intelligence.
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D'Amico G, Ruhrberg C. The Embryonic Mouse Hindbrain Model to Study Sprouting Angiogenesis In Vivo. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2441:3-18. [PMID: 35099724 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2059-5_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Blood vessel growth is a fundamental process for organ development and wound healing but is also associated with ischemic diseases and cancer. The growth of new blood vessels from preexisting vasculature, termed sprouting angiogenesis, is the predominant mode of blood vessel growth in central nervous system vascularization and pathological vessel growth. Accordingly, studying the molecular and cellular mechanisms of angiogenesis holds the promise to find novel therapeutic targets to stimulate new vessel formation in ischemic tissues or inhibit pathological vessel growth in disease. The embryonic mouse hindbrain provides an excellent model to study sprouting angiogenesis in vivo by histochemical or fluorescent wholemount immunolabeling, thus allowing high-resolution image capture of nascent vasculature and subsequent quantification of relevant angiogenic parameters. This chapter describes how to use the mouse embryonic hindbrain as a model to study physiological angiogenesis, including detailed protocols for hindbrain dissection, wholemount staining, and angiogenic parameters analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela D'Amico
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
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5
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Nitzsche B, Rong WW, Goede A, Hoffmann B, Scarpa F, Kuebler WM, Secomb TW, Pries AR. Coalescent angiogenesis-evidence for a novel concept of vascular network maturation. Angiogenesis 2021; 25:35-45. [PMID: 34905124 PMCID: PMC8669669 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-021-09824-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Angiogenesis describes the formation of new blood vessels from pre-existing vascular structures. While the most studied mode of angiogenesis is vascular sprouting, specific conditions or organs favor intussusception, i.e., the division or splitting of an existing vessel, as preferential mode of new vessel formation. In the present study, sustained (33-h) intravital microscopy of the vasculature in the chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) led to the hypothesis of a novel non-sprouting mode for vessel generation, which we termed "coalescent angiogenesis." In this process, preferential flow pathways evolve from isotropic capillary meshes enclosing tissue islands. These preferential flow pathways progressively enlarge by coalescence of capillaries and elimination of internal tissue pillars, in a process that is the reverse of intussusception. Concomitantly, less perfused segments regress. In this way, an initially mesh-like capillary network is remodeled into a tree structure, while conserving vascular wall components and maintaining blood flow. Coalescent angiogenesis, thus, describes the remodeling of an initial, hemodynamically inefficient mesh structure, into a hierarchical tree structure that provides efficient convective transport, allowing for the rapid expansion of the vasculature with maintained blood supply and function during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Nitzsche
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Physiology, Berlin, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Wen Wei Rong
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Physiology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrean Goede
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Physiology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Björn Hoffmann
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Physiology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Fabio Scarpa
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Wolfgang M Kuebler
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Physiology, Berlin, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Timothy W Secomb
- Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
| | - Axel R Pries
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Physiology, Berlin, Germany. .,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
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6
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Guebel DV, Torres NV, Acebes Á. Mapping the transcriptomic changes of endothelial compartment in human hippocampus across aging and mild cognitive impairment. Biol Open 2021; 10:264940. [PMID: 34184731 PMCID: PMC8181899 DOI: 10.1242/bio.057950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Compromise of the vascular system has important consequences on cognitive abilities and neurodegeneration. The identification of the main molecular signatures present in the blood vessels of human hippocampus could provide the basis to understand and tackle these pathologies. As direct vascular experimentation in hippocampus is problematic, we achieved this information by computationally disaggregating publicly available whole microarrays data of human hippocampal homogenates. Three conditions were analyzed: ‘Young Adults’, ‘Aged’, and ‘aged with Mild Cognitive Impairment’ (MCI). The genes identified were contrasted against two independent data-sets. Here we show that the endothelial cells from the Younger Group appeared in an ‘activated stage’. In turn, in the Aged Group, the endothelial cells showed a significant loss of response to shear stress, changes in cell adhesion molecules, increased inflammation, brain-insulin resistance, lipidic alterations, and changes in the extracellular matrix. Some specific changes in the MCI group were also detected. Noticeably, in this study the features arisen from the Aged Group (high tortuosity, increased bifurcations, and smooth muscle proliferation), pose the need for further experimental verification to discern between the occurrence of arteriogenesis and/or vascular remodeling by capillary arterialization. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper. Summary: An integrative picture about the mechanisms operating in the hippocampal vasculature under normal and pathological scenarios is achieved by the computational dissection of microarray data corresponding to whole tissue samples and focusing on gene splice forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel V Guebel
- Program Agustín de Betancourt, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife 38200, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry, Cellular Biology and Genetics, Institute of Biomedical Technologies, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife 38200, Spain
| | - Néstor V Torres
- Department of Biochemistry, Cellular Biology and Genetics, Institute of Biomedical Technologies, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife 38200, Spain
| | - Ángel Acebes
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Technologies, University of La Laguna, Tenerife 38200, Spain
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7
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Kempers L, Wakayama Y, van der Bijl I, Furumaya C, De Cuyper IM, Jongejan A, Kat M, van Stalborch AMD, van Boxtel AL, Hubert M, Geerts D, van Buul JD, de Korte D, Herzog W, Margadant C. The endosomal RIN2/Rab5C machinery prevents VEGFR2 degradation to control gene expression and tip cell identity during angiogenesis. Angiogenesis 2021; 24:695-714. [PMID: 33983539 PMCID: PMC8292304 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-021-09788-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Sprouting angiogenesis is key to many pathophysiological conditions, and is strongly regulated by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling through VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2). Here we report that the early endosomal GTPase Rab5C and its activator RIN2 prevent lysosomal routing and degradation of VEGF-bound, internalized VEGFR2 in human endothelial cells. Stabilization of endosomal VEGFR2 levels by RIN2/Rab5C is crucial for VEGF signaling through the ERK and PI3-K pathways, the expression of immediate VEGF target genes, as well as specification of angiogenic 'tip' and 'stalk' cell phenotypes and cell sprouting. Using overexpression of Rab mutants, knockdown and CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing, and live-cell imaging in zebrafish, we further show that endosomal stabilization of VEGFR2 levels is required for developmental angiogenesis in vivo. In contrast, the premature degradation of internalized VEGFR2 disrupts VEGF signaling, gene expression, and tip cell formation and migration. Thus, an endosomal feedforward mechanism maintains receptor signaling by preventing lysosomal degradation, which is directly linked to the induction of target genes and cell fate in collectively migrating cells during morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanette Kempers
- Sanquin Research, Plesmanlaan 125, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yuki Wakayama
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Roentgenstrasse 20, 48149, Muenster, Germany
| | - Ivo van der Bijl
- Sanquin Research, Plesmanlaan 125, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Charita Furumaya
- Sanquin Research, Plesmanlaan 125, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Iris M De Cuyper
- Sanquin Research, Plesmanlaan 125, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Aldo Jongejan
- Department of Epidemiology and Data Science /Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marije Kat
- Sanquin Research, Plesmanlaan 125, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Antonius L van Boxtel
- Cancer Biology and Genetics and Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA.,Developmental, Stem Cell and Cancer Biology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marvin Hubert
- University of Muenster, Schlossplatz 2, 48149, Muenster, Germany
| | - Dirk Geerts
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jaap D van Buul
- Sanquin Research, Plesmanlaan 125, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk de Korte
- Sanquin Research, Plesmanlaan 125, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Sanquin Blood Bank, Plesmanlaan 125, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wiebke Herzog
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Roentgenstrasse 20, 48149, Muenster, Germany.,University of Muenster, Schlossplatz 2, 48149, Muenster, Germany
| | - Coert Margadant
- Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, location VUmc, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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8
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Shah AA, Kamal MA, Akhtar S. Tumor Angiogenesis and VEGFR-2: Mechanism, Pathways and Current Biological Therapeutic Interventions. Curr Drug Metab 2021; 22:50-59. [PMID: 33076807 DOI: 10.2174/1389200221666201019143252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Angiogenesis, involving the formation of new blood vessels from preexisting vessels, caters an important biological phenomenon for the growth and development of bodily structures in the human body. Regulation of angiogenesis in non-pathological conditions takes place through a well-defined balanced angiogenic-switch, which upon exposure to various pathological conditions may get altered. This makes the cells change their normal behavior resulting in uncontrolled division and angiogenesis. METHODS The current review tries to present a brief framework of angiogenesis and tumor progression phenomenon along with the latest therapeutic interventions against VEGFR-2 and its future directions. RESULTS The tumor angiogenic pathways functioning in diverse mechanisms via sprouting angiogenesis, intussusceptive angiogenesis, vascular co-option, vascular mimicry, and glomeruloid angiogenesis are normally activated by varied angiogenic stimulators and their receptors are interrelated to give rise to specialized signaling pathways. Amongst these receptors, VEGFR-2 is found as one of the key, critical mediators in tumor angiogenesis and is seen as a major therapeutic target for combating angiogenesis. Though a number of anti-angiogenic drugs like Ramucirumab, Sunitinib, Axitinib, Sorafenib, etc. showing good survival rates have been developed and approved by FDA against VEGFR-2, but these have also been found to be associated with serious health effects and adverse reactions. CONCLUSION An improved or alternative treatment is needed shortly that has a higher survival rate with the least side effects. Innovative strategies, including personalized medicine, nano-medicine, and cancer immunotherapy have also been outlined as an alternative treatment with a discussion on advancements and improvements required for their implementation methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Altaf A Shah
- Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow-226026, UP, India
| | - Mohammad A Kamal
- Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Peterlee Place, Hebersham, NSW 2770, Australia
| | - Salman Akhtar
- Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Peterlee Place, Hebersham, NSW 2770, Australia
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9
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de Oliveira MB, Meier K, Jung S, Bartels-Klein E, Coxam B, Geudens I, Szymborska A, Skoczylas R, Fechner I, Koltowska K, Gerhardt H. Vasohibin 1 selectively regulates secondary sprouting and lymphangiogenesis in the zebrafish trunk. Development 2021; 148:dev194993. [PMID: 33547133 PMCID: PMC7904002 DOI: 10.1242/dev.194993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that Vasohibin 1 (Vash1) is stimulated by VEGFs in endothelial cells and that its overexpression interferes with angiogenesis in vivo Recently, Vash1 was found to mediate tubulin detyrosination, a post-translational modification that is implicated in many cell functions, such as cell division. Here, we used the zebrafish embryo to investigate the cellular and subcellular mechanisms of Vash1 on endothelial microtubules during formation of the trunk vasculature. We show that microtubules within venous-derived secondary sprouts are strongly and selectively detyrosinated in comparison with other endothelial cells, and that this difference is lost upon vash1 knockdown. Vash1 depletion in zebrafish specifically affected secondary sprouting from the posterior cardinal vein, increasing endothelial cell divisions and cell number in the sprouts. We show that altering secondary sprout numbers and structure upon Vash1 depletion leads to defective lymphatic vessel formation and ectopic lymphatic progenitor specification in the zebrafish trunk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Bastos de Oliveira
- Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10, Berlin 13125, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner site, Potsdamer Str. 58, 10785 Berlin, Germany
| | - Katja Meier
- Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10, Berlin 13125, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner site, Potsdamer Str. 58, 10785 Berlin, Germany
| | - Simone Jung
- Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10, Berlin 13125, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner site, Potsdamer Str. 58, 10785 Berlin, Germany
| | - Eireen Bartels-Klein
- Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10, Berlin 13125, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner site, Potsdamer Str. 58, 10785 Berlin, Germany
| | - Baptiste Coxam
- Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10, Berlin 13125, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner site, Potsdamer Str. 58, 10785 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ilse Geudens
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, 752 37 Uppsala, Sweden
- Vascular Patterning Laboratory, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven B-3000, Belgium
| | - Anna Szymborska
- Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10, Berlin 13125, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner site, Potsdamer Str. 58, 10785 Berlin, Germany
| | - Renae Skoczylas
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, 752 37 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ines Fechner
- Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10, Berlin 13125, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner site, Potsdamer Str. 58, 10785 Berlin, Germany
| | - Katarzyna Koltowska
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, 752 37 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Holger Gerhardt
- Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10, Berlin 13125, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner site, Potsdamer Str. 58, 10785 Berlin, Germany
- Vascular Patterning Laboratory, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven B-3000, Belgium
- Vascular Patterning Laboratory, Center for Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven B-3000, Belgium
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Anna-Louisa-Karsch-Straβe 2, 10178 Berlin, Germany
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10
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Abstract
The cancer tissue exists not as a single entity, but as a combination of different cellular phenotypes which, taken together, dramatically contribute to the entirety of their ecosystem, collectively termed as the tumor microenvironment (TME). The TME is composed of both immune and nonimmune cell types, stromal components, and vasculature-all of which cooperate to promote cancer progression. Not all immune cells, however, are immune-suppressive; some of them can promote the immune microenvironment to fight the invading and uncontrollably dividing cell populations at the initial stages of tumor growth. Yet, many of these processes and cellular phenotypes fall short, and the immune ecosystem more often than not ends up stabilizing in favor of the "resistant" resident cells that begin clonal expansion and may progress to metastatic forms. Stromal components, making up the extracellular matrix and basement membrane, are also not the most innocuous: CAFs embedded throughout secrete proteases that allow the onset of one of the most invasive processes-angiogenesis-through destruction of the ECM and the basement membrane. Vasculature formation, because of angiogenesis, is the largest invader of the TME and the reason metastasis happens. Vasculature is so sporadic and omnipresent in the TME that most drug therapies are mainly focused on stopping this uncontrollable process. As the tumor continues to grow, different processes are constantly supplying it with the ingredients favorable for tumor progression and eventual metastasis. For example, angiogenesis promotes blood vessel formation that will allow the bona fide escape of tumor cells to take place. Another process like hypoxia will present itself in several forms throughout the tumor (mild or acute, cycling or permanent), starting mechanisms such as epithelial to mesenchymal transitions (EMT) of resident cells and inadvertently placing the cells in such a stressful condition that production of ROS and DNA damage is unavoidable. DNA damage can induce mutagenicity while allowing resistant cells to survive. This is where drugs and treatments can subsequently suffer in effectiveness. Finally, another molecule has just surfaced as being a very important player in the TME: nitric oxide. Often overlooked and equated with ROS and initially assigned in the category of pathogenic molecules, nitric oxide can definitely do some damage by causing metabolic reprogramming and promotion of immunosuppressive phenotypes at low concentrations. However, its actions seem to be extremely dose-dependent, and this issue has become a hot target of current treatment goals. Shockingly, nitric oxide, although omnipresent in the TME, can have a positive effect on targeting the TME broadly. Thus, while the TME is a myriad of cellular phenotypes and a combination of different tumor-promoting processes, each process is interconnected into one whole: the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Vedenko
- Department of Urology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Kush Panara
- The Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Gabriella Goldstein
- College of Health Professions and Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Ranjith Ramasamy
- Department of Urology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Himanshu Arora
- Department of Urology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.
- The Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
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11
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Vaeyens MM, Jorge-Peñas A, Barrasa-Fano J, Steuwe C, Heck T, Carmeliet P, Roeffaers M, Van Oosterwyck H. Matrix deformations around angiogenic sprouts correlate to sprout dynamics and suggest pulling activity. Angiogenesis 2020; 23:315-324. [PMID: 31997048 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-020-09708-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is the formation of new blood vessels from the pre-existing vasculature. It is essential for normal tissue growth and regeneration, and also plays a key role in many diseases [Carmeliet in Nat Med 9:653-660, 2003]. Cytoskeletal components have been shown to be important for angiogenic sprout initiation and maintenance [Kniazeva and Putnam in Am J Physiol 297:C179-C187, 2009] as well as endothelial cell shape control during invasion [Elliott et al. in Nat Cell Biol 17:137-147, 2015]. The exact nature of cytoskeleton-mediated forces for sprout initiation and progression, however, remains poorly understood. Questions on the importance of tip cell pulling versus stalk cell pushing are to a large extent unanswered, which among others has to do with the difficulty of quantifying and resolving those forces in time and space. We developed methods based on time-lapse confocal microscopy and image processing-further termed 4D displacement microscopy-to acquire detailed, spatially and temporally resolved extracellular matrix (ECM) deformations, indicative of cell-ECM mechanical interactions around invading sprouts. We demonstrate that matrix deformations dependent on actin-mediated force generation are spatio-temporally correlated with sprout morphological dynamics. Furthermore, sprout tips were found to exert radially pulling forces on the extracellular matrix, which were quantified by means of a computational model of collagen ECM mechanics. Protrusions from extending sprouts mostly increase their pulling forces, while retracting protrusions mainly reduce their pulling forces. Displacement microscopy analysis further unveiled a characteristic dipole-like deformation pattern along the sprout direction that was consistent among seemingly very different sprout shapes-with oppositely oriented displacements at sprout tip versus sprout base and a transition zone of negligible displacements in between. These results demonstrate that sprout-ECM interactions are dominated by pulling forces and underline the key role of tip cell pulling for sprouting angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Mo Vaeyens
- Biomechanics Section (BMe), Department of Mechanical Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Alvaro Jorge-Peñas
- Biomechanics Section (BMe), Department of Mechanical Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jorge Barrasa-Fano
- Biomechanics Section (BMe), Department of Mechanical Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Christian Steuwe
- Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems (M2S), Centre for Membrane Separations, Adsorption, Catalysis and Spectroscopy for Sustainable Solutions (cMACS), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tommy Heck
- Biomechanics Section (BMe), Department of Mechanical Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Peter Carmeliet
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, VIB Center for Cancer Biology (CCB), VIB, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Maarten Roeffaers
- Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems (M2S), Centre for Membrane Separations, Adsorption, Catalysis and Spectroscopy for Sustainable Solutions (cMACS), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hans Van Oosterwyck
- Biomechanics Section (BMe), Department of Mechanical Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium. .,Prometheus, Div. Skeletal Tissue Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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12
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Mukwaya A, Mirabelli P, Lennikov A, Thangavelu M, Ntzouni M, Jensen L, Peebo B, Lagali N. Revascularization after angiogenesis inhibition favors new sprouting over abandoned vessel reuse. Angiogenesis 2019; 22:553-567. [PMID: 31486010 PMCID: PMC6863948 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-019-09679-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Inhibiting pathologic angiogenesis can halt disease progression, but such inhibition may offer only a temporary benefit, followed by tissue revascularization after treatment stoppage. This revascularization, however, occurs by largely unknown phenotypic changes in pathologic vessels. To investigate the dynamics of vessel reconfiguration during revascularization, we developed a model of reversible murine corneal angiogenesis permitting longitudinal examination of the same vasculature. Following 30 days of angiogenesis inhibition, two types of vascular structure were evident: partially regressed persistent vessels that were degenerate and barely functional, and fully regressed, non-functional empty basement membrane sleeves (ebms). While persistent vessels maintained a limited flow and retained collagen IV+ basement membrane, CD31+ endothelial cells (EC), and α-SMA+ pericytes, ebms were acellular and expressed only collagen IV. Upon terminating angiogenesis inhibition, transmission electron microscopy and live imaging revealed that revascularization ensued by a rapid reversal of EC degeneracy in persistent vessels, facilitating their phenotypic normalization, vasodilation, increased flow, and subsequent new angiogenic sprouting. Conversely, ebms were irreversibly sealed from the circulation by excess collagen IV deposition that inhibited EC migration and prevented their reuse. Fully and partially regressed vessels therefore have opposing roles during revascularization, where fully regressed vessels inhibit new sprouting while partially regressed persistent vessels rapidly reactivate and serve as the source of continued pathologic angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Mukwaya
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linkoping University, 58183, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Pierfrancesco Mirabelli
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linkoping University, 58183, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Anton Lennikov
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linkoping University, 58183, Linköping, Sweden
- Mason Eye Institute, Ophthalmology-Retinal Vascular Service Hospital MA102C, Missouri, MO, USA
| | - Muthukumar Thangavelu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linkoping University, 58183, Linköping, Sweden
- Department of BIN Convergence Technology & Dept PolymerNano Sci & Tech, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Maria Ntzouni
- Electron Microscopy and Histology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Lasse Jensen
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Beatrice Peebo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linkoping University, 58183, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Neil Lagali
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linkoping University, 58183, Linköping, Sweden.
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sørlandet Hospital Arendal, Arendal, Norway.
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13
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Katakia YT, Duddu S, S N, Kumar P, Rahman F, Kumaramanickavel G, Chatterjee S. Ex vivo model for studying endothelial tip cells: Revisiting the classical aortic-ring assay. Microvasc Res 2019; 128:103939. [PMID: 31676309 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2019.103939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
A drug undergoes several in silico, in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo assays before entering into the clinical trials. In 2014, it was reported that only 32% of drugs are likely to make it to Phase-3 trials, and overall, only one in 10 drugs makes it to the market. Therefore, enhancing the precision of pre-clinical trial models could reduce the number of failed clinical trials and eventually time and financial burden in health sciences. In order to attempt the above, in the present study, we have shown that aortic ex-plants isolated from different stages of chick embryo and different regions of the aorta (pulmonary and systemic) have differential sprouting potential and response to angiogenesis modulatory drugs. Aorta isolated from HH37 staged chick embryo showed 16% (p < 0.001) and 11% (p < 0.001) increase in the number of tip cells at 72 h of culture compared to that of HH35 and HH29 respectively. The ascending order of the number of tip cells was found as central (Gen II), proximal (Gen I) and distal (Gen III) in a virtual zonal segmentation of endothelial sprouting. The HH37 staged aortas displayed differential responses to pro- and anti-angiogenic drugs like Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), nitric oxide donor (spNO), and bevacizumab (avastin), thalidomide respectively. The human placenta tissue-culture however evinced endothelial sprouting only on day 12, with a gradual decrease in the number of tip cells until 21 days. In summary, this study provides an avant-garde angiogenic model emphasized on tip cells that would enhance the precision to test next-generation angiogenic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yash T Katakia
- Department of Biotechnology, Anna University, Chennai 600 025, India; Vascular Biology Laboratory, AU-KBC Research Centre, MIT Campus, Chennai 600 044, India
| | - Sushmitha Duddu
- Department of Biotechnology, Anna University, Chennai 600 025, India
| | - Nithya S
- Vascular Biology Laboratory, AU-KBC Research Centre, MIT Campus, Chennai 600 044, India
| | - Pavitra Kumar
- Vascular Biology Laboratory, AU-KBC Research Centre, MIT Campus, Chennai 600 044, India
| | - Farhana Rahman
- Department of Pharmacology, Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital, BIHER, Chennai 600 044, India
| | - Govindasamy Kumaramanickavel
- Research and Centre for Cellular Genomics, Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital, BIHER, Chennai 600 044, India
| | - Suvro Chatterjee
- Department of Biotechnology, Anna University, Chennai 600 025, India; Vascular Biology Laboratory, AU-KBC Research Centre, MIT Campus, Chennai 600 044, India.
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14
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MacKeil JL, Brzezinska P, Burke-Kleinman J, Theilmann AL, Nicol CJB, Ormiston ML, Maurice DH. Phosphodiesterase 3B (PDE3B) antagonizes the anti-angiogenic actions of PKA in human and murine endothelial cells. Cell Signal 2019; 62:109342. [PMID: 31176020 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2019.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Recent reports show that protein kinase A (PKA), but not exchange protein activated by cAMP (EPAC), acts in a cell autonomous manner to constitutively reduce the angiogenic sprouting capacity of murine and human endothelial cells. Specificity in the cellular actions of individual cAMP-effectors can be achieved when a cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (PDE) enzyme acts locally to control the "pool" of cAMP that activates the cAMP-effector. Here, we examined whether PDEs coordinate the actions of PKA during endothelial cell sprouting. Inhibiting each of the cAMP-hydrolyzing PDEs expressed in human endothelial cells revealed that phosphodiesterase 3 (PDE3) inhibition with cilostamide reduced angiogenic sprouting in vitro, while inhibitors of PDE2 and PDE4 family enzymes had no such effect. Identifying a critical role for PDE3B in the anti-angiogenic effects of cilostamide, silencing this PDE3 variant, but not PDE3A, markedly impaired sprouting. Importantly, using both in vitro and ex vivo models of angiogenesis, we show the hypo-sprouting phenotype induced by PDE3 inhibition or PDE3B silencing was reversed by PKA inhibition. Examination of the individual cellular events required for sprouting revealed that PDE3B and PKA each regulated angiogenic sprouting by controlling the invasive capacity of endothelial cells, more specifically, by regulating podosome rosette biogenesis and matrix degradation. In support of the idea that PDE3B acts to inhibit angiogenic sprouting by limiting PKA-mediated reductions in active cdc42, the effects of PDE3B and/or PKA on angiogenic sprouting were negated in cells with reduced cdc42 expression or activity. Since PDE3B and PKA were co-localized in a perinuclear region in human ECs, could be co-immunoprecipitated from lysates of these cells, and silencing PDE3B activated the perinuclear pool of PKA in these cells, we conclude that PDE3B-mediated hydrolysis of cAMP acts to limit the anti-angiogenic potential of PKA in ECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jodi L MacKeil
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Paulina Brzezinska
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Jonah Burke-Kleinman
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Anne L Theilmann
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada; Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Christopher J B Nicol
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Mark L Ormiston
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada; Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Donald H Maurice
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada; Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada.
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15
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Wang X, Phan DTT, George SC, Hughes CCW, Lee AP. 3D Anastomosed Microvascular Network Model with Living Capillary Networks and Endothelial Cell-Lined Microfluidic Channels. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1612:325-44. [PMID: 28634954 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7021-6_24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
This protocol describes detailed practical procedures for generating 3D intact and perfusable microvascular network that connects to microfluidic channels without appreciable leakage. This advanced 3D microvascular network model incorporates different stages of vascular development including vasculogenesis, endothelial cell (EC) lining, sprouting angiogenesis, and anastomosis in sequential order. The capillary network is first induced via vasculogenesis in a middle tissue chamber and then EC linings along the microfluidic channel on either side serve as artery and vein. The anastomosis is then induced by sprouting angiogenesis to facilitate tight interconnection between the artery/vein and the capillary network. This versatile device design and its robust construction methodology establish a physiological microcirculation transport model of interconnected perfused vessels from artery to vascularized tissue to vein.
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16
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Du Y, Herath SCB, Wang QG, Asada H, Chen PCY. Determination of Green's function for three-dimensional traction force reconstruction based on geometry and boundary conditions of cell culture matrices. Acta Biomater 2018; 67:215-228. [PMID: 29242157 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2017.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Cell migration plays a particular important role in the initiation and progression of many physical processes and pathological conditions such as tumor invasion and metastasis. Three-dimensional traction force microscopy (TFM) of high resolution and high accuracy is being developed in an effort to unveil the underlying mechanical process of cell migration in a vivo-like environment. Linear elasticity-based TFM (LETM) as a mainstream approach relies on the Green's function (that relates traction forces to matrix deformation), of which the inherent boundary conditions and geometry of the matrix could remarkably affect the result as suggested by previous 2D studies. In this study, we investigated this close linkage in 3D environment, via modeling of a cell sensing a close-by fixed boundary of a 3D matrix surrounding it, and comparing the reconstructed traction forces from three different solutions of the Green's function, including a fully matching solution derived using the adapted Mindlin's approach. To increase fidelity in the estimate of traction forces for extreme conditions such as a sparse sampling of deformation field or targeting small focal adhesions, we numerically solved the singularity problem of the Green's function in a non-conventional way to avoid exclusion of singular point regions that could contain representative deformation indicators for such extreme conditions. A single case experimental study was conducted for a multi-cellular structure of endothelial cells that just penetrated into the gel at the early stage of angiogenesis. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE This study focused on the fundamental issue regarding extension of linear elasticity-based TFM to deal with physically realistic matrices (where cells are encapsulated), which concerns determination of the Green's function matching their geometry and boundary conditions. To increase fidelity in the estimate of traction forces for extreme conditions such as a sparse sampling of deformation field or targeting small focal adhesions, we numerically solved the singularity problem of the Green's function to avoid exclusion of singular point regions that could contain representative deformation indicators for such extreme conditions. The proposed approach to adapting the Green's function for the specific 3D cell culture situation was examined in a single case experimental study of endothelial cells in sprouting angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Du
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore; BioSystems and Micromechanics Interdisciplinary Research Group, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology Program, Singapore
| | - S C B Herath
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore; BioSystems and Micromechanics Interdisciplinary Research Group, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology Program, Singapore
| | - Q G Wang
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Science, University of Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - H Asada
- BioSystems and Micromechanics Interdisciplinary Research Group, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology Program, Singapore; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA
| | - P C Y Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore; BioSystems and Micromechanics Interdisciplinary Research Group, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology Program, Singapore.
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17
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Pauty J, Usuba R, Cheng IG, Hespel L, Takahashi H, Kato K, Kobayashi M, Nakajima H, Lee E, Yger F, Soncin F, Matsunaga YT. A Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-Dependent Sprouting Angiogenesis Assay Based on an In Vitro Human Blood Vessel Model for the Study of Anti-Angiogenic Drugs. EBioMedicine 2018; 27:225-236. [PMID: 29289530 PMCID: PMC5828365 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2017.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is the formation of new capillaries from pre-existing blood vessels and participates in proper vasculature development. In pathological conditions such as cancer, abnormal angiogenesis takes place. Angiogenesis is primarily carried out by endothelial cells, the innermost layer of blood vessels. The vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) and its receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) trigger most of the mechanisms activating and regulating angiogenesis, and have been the targets for the development of drugs. However, most experimental assays assessing angiogenesis rely on animal models. We report an in vitro model using a microvessel-on-a-chip. It mimics an effective endothelial sprouting angiogenesis event triggered from an initial microvessel using a single angiogenic factor, VEGF-A. The angiogenic sprouting in this model is depends on the Notch signaling, as observed in vivo. This model enables the study of anti-angiogenic drugs which target a specific factor/receptor pathway, as demonstrated by the use of the clinically approved sorafenib and sunitinib for targeting the VEGF-A/VEGFR-2 pathway. Furthermore, this model allows testing simultaneously angiogenesis and permeability. It demonstrates that sorafenib impairs the endothelial barrier function, while sunitinib does not. Such in vitro human model provides a significant complimentary approach to animal models for the development of effective therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joris Pauty
- Center for International Research on Integrative Biomedical Systems (CIBiS), Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan; LIMMS/CNRS-IIS UMI 2820, Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan; CNRS/IIS/COL/Université Lille 1 SMMiL-E project, CNRS Délégation Nord-Pas de Calais et Picardie, 2 rue de Canonniers, Lille, Cedex 59046, France
| | - Ryo Usuba
- Center for International Research on Integrative Biomedical Systems (CIBiS), Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
| | - Irene Gayi Cheng
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, 118 Engineering Service Dr., Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Louise Hespel
- Ecole Normale Supérieure-PSL Research University, Département de Chimie, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, CNRS UMR 8640 PASTEUR, 24 rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Haruko Takahashi
- Center for International Research on Integrative Biomedical Systems (CIBiS), Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
| | - Keisuke Kato
- R&D Department 1, SCREEN Holdings Co., Ltd., 322 Furukawa-cho, Hazukashi, Fushimi-ku, Kyoto 612-8486, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Kobayashi
- R&D Department 1, SCREEN Holdings Co., Ltd., 322 Furukawa-cho, Hazukashi, Fushimi-ku, Kyoto 612-8486, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nakajima
- Department of Cell Biology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Japan
| | - Eujin Lee
- Center for International Research on Integrative Biomedical Systems (CIBiS), Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
| | - Florian Yger
- LAMSADE, CNRS UMR 7243, Université Paris-Dauphine, PSL Research University, 75016 Paris, France
| | - Fabrice Soncin
- CNRS/IIS/COL/Université Lille 1 SMMiL-E project, CNRS Délégation Nord-Pas de Calais et Picardie, 2 rue de Canonniers, Lille, Cedex 59046, France; Université Lille, CNRS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR 8161 - M3T, F-59000 Lille, France.
| | - Yukiko T Matsunaga
- Center for International Research on Integrative Biomedical Systems (CIBiS), Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan; LIMMS/CNRS-IIS UMI 2820, Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan; CNRS/IIS/COL/Université Lille 1 SMMiL-E project, CNRS Délégation Nord-Pas de Calais et Picardie, 2 rue de Canonniers, Lille, Cedex 59046, France.
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Abstract
Endothelial cells have the capacity to shift between states of quiescence and angiogenesis. The early stage of angiogenesis, sprouting, occurs with the synchronized activities of tip cells, which lead the migration of the sprout, and stalk cells, which elongate this vessel sprout. Here, we describe a method to study in vitro this early and rapid stage of sprouting angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn A Jacobs
- Team SOAP, CRCINA, INSERM, CNRS, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Julie Gavard
- Team SOAP, CRCINA, INSERM, CNRS, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.
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19
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Pi J, Cheng Y, Sun H, Chen X, Zhuang T, Liu J, Li Y, Chang H, Zhang L, Zhang Y, Tao T. Apln-CreERT:mT/mG reporter mice as a tool for sprouting angiogenesis study. BMC Ophthalmol 2017; 17:163. [PMID: 28865439 PMCID: PMC5581477 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-017-0556-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Angiogenesis is defined as a new blood vessel sprouting from pre-existing vessels, and the sprouting angiogenesis is the start phase of angiogenesis, which is critical for both physiological and pathological processes, such as embryonic development, organ growth, wound healing, tumor growth, diabetic retinopathy and age-related macular degeneration. Better understanding of the mechanisms of sprout angiogenesis will provide a rationale for the treatments of these angiogenesis related diseases. Methods mT/mG tool mice are crossed with Apln-CreERT mice to generate Apln-CreERT: mT/mG mice, then we used neonatal retinal angiogenesis model to observe the angiogenic pattern of Apln-CreERT:mT/mG mice compared with Cdh5-CreERT:mT/mG mice. FACS analysis was used to sort eGFP and tdTomato endothelial cells (ECs) for measuring Apelin and Cdh5 expression. Retinal sprouting angiogenesis pattern was also observed at different neonatal time when induced by tamoxifen and at hypoxia condition, as well as in vivo tumor in real-time angiogenesis in a dorsal skinfold window chamber in Apln-CreERT:mT/mG mice. Results Apln-CreERT:mT/mG mice exhibited eGFP signal only in the sprouting angiogenesis, with less eGFP expression in the retinal “optic nerve” area than in that of Cdh5-CreERT: mT/mG mice, which might be due to relative mature vessels in the “optic nerve” area. The ECs sorted by FACS confirmed that the Apelin expression level was higher in eGFP ECs than tdTomato ECs of “optic nerve” area. Further we found that GFP-labeled sprouting angiogenesis decreased gradually following tamoxifen administration from P5-P7, but increased significantly during hypoxia in Apln-CreERT:mT/mG mice. At last, using Apln-CreERT:mT/mG mice we found tumor sprouting angiogenesis in dorsal skinfold, but not in the normal skinfold tissue. Conclusions Apln-CreERT:mT/mG mouse line is a useful tool to differentiate sprouting angiogenesis from whole blood vessels in the investigation of retinal and tumor sprouting angiogenesis in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjiang Pi
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Yu Cheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin Er Rd, Huangpu District, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Huimin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Xiaoli Chen
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Tao Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Yixi Li
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China.,Dalian Medical University, Liaoning, 116044, China
| | - Huan Chang
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China.,Dalian Medical University, Liaoning, 116044, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - YuZhen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Ting Tao
- Department of Geriatrics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin Er Rd, Huangpu District, Shanghai, 200025, China.
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Beets K, Staring MW, Criem N, Maas E, Schellinx N, de Sousa Lopes SMC, Umans L, Zwijsen A. BMP-SMAD signalling output is highly regionalized in cardiovascular and lymphatic endothelial networks. BMC Dev Biol 2016; 16:34. [PMID: 27724845 PMCID: PMC5057272 DOI: 10.1186/s12861-016-0133-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signalling has emerged as a fundamental pathway in endothelial cell biology and deregulation of this pathway is implicated in several vascular disorders. BMP signalling output in endothelial cells is highly context- and dose-dependent. Phosphorylation of the BMP intracellular effectors, SMAD1/5/9, is routinely used to monitor BMP signalling activity. To better understand the in vivo context-dependency of BMP-SMAD signalling, we investigated differences in BMP-SMAD transcriptional activity in different vascular beds during mouse embryonic and postnatal stages. For this, we used the BRE::gfp BMP signalling reporter mouse in which the BMP response element (BRE) from the ID1-promotor, a SMAD1/5/9 target gene, drives the expression of GFP. RESULTS A mosaic pattern of GFP was present in various angiogenic sprouting plexuses and in endocardium of cardiac cushions and trabeculae in the heart. High calibre veins seemed to be more BRE::gfp transcriptionally active than arteries, and ubiquitous activity was present in embryonic lymphatic vasculature. Postnatal lymphatic vessels showed however only discrete micro-domains of transcriptional activity. Dynamic shifts in transcriptional activity were also observed in the endocardium of the developing heart, with a general decrease in activity over time. Surprisingly, proliferative endothelial cells were almost never GFP-positive. Patches of transcriptional activity seemed to correlate with vasculature undergoing hemodynamic alterations. CONCLUSION The BRE::gfp mouse allows to investigate selective context-dependent aspects of BMP-SMAD signalling. Our data reveals the highly dynamic nature of BMP-SMAD mediated transcriptional regulation in time and space throughout the vascular tree, supporting that BMP-SMAD signalling can be a source of phenotypic diversity in some, but not all, healthy endothelium. This knowledge can provide insight in vascular bed or organ-specific diseases and phenotypic heterogeneity within an endothelial cell population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Beets
- VIB Center for the Biology of Disease, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Michael W. Staring
- VIB Center for the Biology of Disease, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nathan Criem
- VIB Center for the Biology of Disease, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Elke Maas
- VIB Center for the Biology of Disease, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Niels Schellinx
- VIB Center for the Biology of Disease, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Lieve Umans
- VIB Center for the Biology of Disease, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - An Zwijsen
- VIB Center for the Biology of Disease, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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21
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Choi KS, Choi HJ, Lee JK, Im S, Zhang H, Jeong Y, Park JA, Lee IK, Kim YM, Kwon YG. The endothelial E3 ligase HECW2 promotes endothelial cell junctions by increasing AMOTL1 protein stability via K63-linked ubiquitination. Cell Signal 2016; 28:1642-51. [PMID: 27498087 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2016.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Revised: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Cell-to-cell junctions are critical for the formation of endothelial barriers, and its disorganization is required for sprouting angiogenesis. Members of the angiomotin (AMOT) family have emerged as key regulators in the control of endothelial cell (EC) junction stability and permeability. However, the underlying mechanism by which the AMOT family is regulated in ECs remains unclear. Here we report that HECW2, a novel EC ubiquitin E3 ligase, plays a critical role in stabilizing endothelial cell-to-cell junctions by regulating AMOT-like 1 (AMOTL1) stability. HECW2 physically interacts with AMOTL1 and enhances its stability via lysine 63-linked ubiquitination. HECW2 depletion in human ECs decreases AMOTL1 stability, loosening the cell-to-cell junctions and altering subcellular localization of yes-associated protein (YAP) from cytoplasm into the nucleus. Knockdown of HECW2 also results in increased angiogenic sprouting, and this effect is blocked by depletion of ANG-2, a potential target of YAP. These results demonstrate that HECW2 is a novel regulator of angiogenesis and provide new insights into the mechanisms coordinating junction stability and angiogenic activation in ECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyu-Sung Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jung Choi
- Severance Integrative Research Institute for Cerebral & Cardiovascular Diseases (SIRIC), College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Kyu Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Suhjean Im
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Haiying Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonjeong Jeong
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Ae Park
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Kyu Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University, School of Medicine, Daegu 700-721, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Myeong Kim
- Vascular System Research Center, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Kangwon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Guen Kwon
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.
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22
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Seano G, Primo L. Human Arterial Ring Angiogenesis Assay. Methods Mol Biol 2016; 1430:191-203. [PMID: 27172955 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3628-1_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
In this chapter we describe a model of human angiogenesis where artery explants from umbilical cords are embedded in gel matrices and subsequently produce capillary-like structures. The human arterial ring (hAR) assay is an innovative system that enables three-dimensional (3D) and live studies of human angiogenesis. This ex vivo model has the advantage of recapitulating several steps of angiogenesis, including endothelial sprouting, migration, and differentiation into capillaries. Furthermore, it can be exploited for (1) identification of new genes regulating sprouting angiogenesis, (2) screening for pro- or anti-angiogenic drugs, (3) identification of biomarkers to monitor the efficacy of anti-angiogenic regimens, and (4) dynamic analysis of tumor microenvironmental effects on vessel formation.
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Franco CA, Blanc J, Parlakian A, Blanco R, Aspalter IM, Kazakova N, Diguet N, Mylonas E, Gao-Li J, Vaahtokari A, Penard-Lacronique V, Fruttiger M, Rosewell I, Mericskay M, Gerhardt H, Li Z. SRF selectively controls tip cell invasive behavior in angiogenesis. Development 2013; 140:2321-33. [PMID: 23674601 DOI: 10.1242/dev.091074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Efficient angiogenic sprouting is essential for embryonic, postnatal and tumor development. Serum response factor (SRF) is known to be important for embryonic vascular development. Here, we studied the effect of inducible endothelial-specific deletion of Srf in postnatal and adult mice. We find that endothelial SRF activity is vital for postnatal growth and survival, and is equally required for developmental and pathological angiogenesis, including during tumor growth. Our results demonstrate that SRF is selectively required for endothelial filopodia formation and cell contractility during sprouting angiogenesis, but seems dispensable for vascular remodeling. At the molecular level, we observe that vascular endothelial growth factor A induces nuclear accumulation of myocardin-related transcription factors (MRTFs) and regulates MRTF/SRF-dependent target genes including Myl9, which is important for endothelial cell migration in vitro. We conclude that SRF has a unique function in regulating migratory tip cell behavior during sprouting angiogenesis. We hypothesize that targeting the SRF pathway could provide an opportunity to selectively target tip cell filopodia-driven angiogenesis to restrict tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio A Franco
- UPMC Univ Paris 06, UR 4, Aging, Stress and Inflammation, 75005 Paris, France.
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