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Smirnova NF, Schamberger AC, Nayakanti S, Hatz R, Behr J, Eickelberg O. Detection and quantification of epithelial progenitor cell populations in human healthy and IPF lungs. Respir Res 2016; 17:83. [PMID: 27423691 PMCID: PMC4947297 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-016-0404-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In the human lung, epithelial progenitor cells in the airways give rise to the differentiated pseudostratified airway epithelium. In mice, emerging evidence confers a progenitor function to cytokeratin 5 (KRT5+) or cytokeratin 14 (KRT14+)-positive basal cells of the airway epithelium. Little is known, however, about the distribution of progenitor subpopulations in the human lung, particularly about aberrant epithelial differentiation in lung disease, such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Methods Here, we used multi-color immunofluorescence analysis to detect and quantify the distribution of airway epithelial progenitor subpopulations in human lungs obtained from healthy donors or IPF patients. Results In lungs from both, healthy donors and IPF patients, we detected KRT5+KRT14-, KRT5-KRT14+ and KRT5+KRT14+ populations in the proximal airways. KRT14+ cells, however, were absent in the distal airways of healthy lungs. In IPF, we detected a dramatic increase in the amount of KRT5+ cells and the emergence of a frequent KRT5+KRT14+ epithelial population, in particular in distal airways and alveolar regions. While the KRT14- progenitor population exhibited signs of proper epithelial differentiation, as evidenced by co-staining with pro-SPC, aquaporin 5, CC10, or MUC5B, the KRT14+ cell population did not co-stain with bronchial/alveolar differentiation markers in IPF. Conclusions We provide, for the first time, a quantitative profile of the distribution of epithelial progenitor populations in human lungs. We show compelling evidence for dysregulation and aberrant differentiation of these populations in IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- N F Smirnova
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University and Helmholtz Zentrum München, Max-Lebsche-Platz 31, Munich, 81377, Germany
| | - A C Schamberger
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University and Helmholtz Zentrum München, Max-Lebsche-Platz 31, Munich, 81377, Germany
| | - S Nayakanti
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University and Helmholtz Zentrum München, Max-Lebsche-Platz 31, Munich, 81377, Germany
| | - R Hatz
- Thoraxchirurgisches Zentrum, Klinik für Allgemeine, Viszeral, Transplantations, Gefäß- und Thoraxchirurgie, Klinikum Großhadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany.,Asklepios Fachkliniken München-Gauting, Munich, Germany.,German Center of Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany
| | - J Behr
- Asklepios Fachkliniken München-Gauting, Munich, Germany.,Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik V, Klinikum der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany.,German Center of Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany
| | - O Eickelberg
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University and Helmholtz Zentrum München, Max-Lebsche-Platz 31, Munich, 81377, Germany. .,German Center of Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany. .,Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC), Ludwig-Maximilians-University and Helmholtz Zentrum München, Max-Lebsche-Platz 31, Munich, D-81377, Germany.
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Seano G, Primo L. Human Arterial Ring Angiogenesis Assay. Methods Mol Biol 2016; 1430:191-203. [PMID: 27172955 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3628-1_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
In this chapter we describe a model of human angiogenesis where artery explants from umbilical cords are embedded in gel matrices and subsequently produce capillary-like structures. The human arterial ring (hAR) assay is an innovative system that enables three-dimensional (3D) and live studies of human angiogenesis. This ex vivo model has the advantage of recapitulating several steps of angiogenesis, including endothelial sprouting, migration, and differentiation into capillaries. Furthermore, it can be exploited for (1) identification of new genes regulating sprouting angiogenesis, (2) screening for pro- or anti-angiogenic drugs, (3) identification of biomarkers to monitor the efficacy of anti-angiogenic regimens, and (4) dynamic analysis of tumor microenvironmental effects on vessel formation.
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