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Yang M, Yang T, Mei L, Zhang Y, Liang C, Bai X, Zhang Z, Shi Y, Chen Q. The Potential of Berberine to Target Telocytes in Rabbit Heart. Planta Med 2024; 90:84-95. [PMID: 37714195 DOI: 10.1055/a-2176-5881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
A brand-new class of interstitial cells, called telocytes, has been detected in the heart. Telocytes can connect and transmit signals to almost all cardiomyocytes; this is highly interrelated with the occurrence and development of heart diseases. Modern studies have shown that berberine has a therapeutic effect on cardiovascular health. However, berberine's mechanism of action on the cardiovascular system through cardiac telocytes is unclear. Interestingly, 5 µm of berberine remarkably decreased the concentration of intracellular calcium and membrane depolarization in cultured telocytes, upregulated the expression of CX43 and β-catenin, and downregulated the expressions of TRPV4 and TRPV1. Here, telocytes were identified in the vascular adventitia and intima, endocardium, myocardium, adventitia, and heart valves. Moreover, telocytes were broadly dispersed around cardiac vessels and interacted directly through gap junctions and indirectly through extracellular vesicles. Together, cardiac telocytes interact with berberine and then deliver drug information to the heart. Telocytes may be an essential cellular target for drug therapy of the cardiovascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Yang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Tong Yang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Lu Mei
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yingxing Zhang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Chunhua Liang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xuebing Bai
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhenwei Zhang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yonghong Shi
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiusheng Chen
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
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Yu C, Li X, Ma J, Liang S, Zhao Y, Li Q, Zhang R. Spatiotemporal modulation of nitric oxide and Notch signaling by hemodynamic-responsive Trpv4 is essential for ventricle regeneration. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:60. [PMID: 38279064 PMCID: PMC10817848 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-05092-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Zebrafish have a remarkable ability to regenerate injured hearts. Altered hemodynamic forces after larval ventricle ablation activate the endocardial Klf2a-Notch signaling cascade to direct zebrafish cardiac regeneration. However, how the heart perceives blood flow changes and initiates signaling pathways promoting regeneration is not fully understood. The present study demonstrated that the mechanosensitive channel Trpv4 sensed the altered hemodynamic forces in injured hearts and its expression was regulated by blood flow. In addition to mediating the endocardial Klf2a-Notch signal cascade around the atrioventricular canal (AVC), we discovered that Trpv4 regulated nitric oxide (NO) signaling in the bulbus arteriosus (BA). Further experiments indicated that Notch signaling primarily acted at the early stage of regeneration, and the major role of NO signaling was at the late stage and through TGF-β pathway. Overall, our findings revealed that mechanosensitive channels perceived the changes in hemodynamics after ventricle injury, and provide novel insights into the temporal and spatial coordination of multiple signaling pathways regulating heart regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxiao Yu
- TaiKang Medical School, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Xueyu Li
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Jinmin Ma
- Medical Frontier Innovation Research Center, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Shuzhang Liang
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- TaiKang Medical School, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Qi Li
- TaiKang Medical School, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Ruilin Zhang
- TaiKang Medical School, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.
- Institute of Myocardial Injury and Repair, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan, 430071, China.
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Luna-Zurita L, Flores-Garza BG, Grivas D, Siguero-Álvarez M, de la Pompa JL. Cooperative Response to Endocardial Notch Reveals Interaction With Hippo Pathway. Circ Res 2023; 133:1022-1039. [PMID: 37961886 PMCID: PMC10699509 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.123.323474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The endocardium is a crucial signaling center for cardiac valve development and maturation. Genetic analysis has identified several human endocardial genes whose inactivation leads to bicuspid aortic valve formation and calcific aortic valve disease, but knowledge is very limited about the role played in valve development and disease by noncoding endocardial regulatory regions and upstream factors. METHODS We manipulated Notch signaling in mouse embryonic endocardial cells by short-term and long-term coculture with OP9 stromal cells expressing Notch ligands and inhibition of Notch activity. We examined the transcriptional profile and chromatin accessibility landscape for each condition, integrated transcriptomic, transcription factor occupancy, chromatin accessibility, and proteomic datasets. We generated in vitro and in vivo models with CRISPR-Cas9-edited deletions of various noncoding regulatory elements and validated their regulatory potential. RESULTS We identified primary and secondary transcriptional responses to Notch ligands in the mouse embryonic endocardium, and a NOTCH-dependent transcriptional signature in valve development and disease. By defining the changes in the chromatin accessibility landscape and integrating with the landscape in developing mouse endocardium and adult human valves, we identify potential noncoding regulatory elements, validated selected candidates, propose interacting cofactors, and define the timeframe of their regulatory activity. Additionally, we found cooperative transcriptional repression with Hippo pathway by inhibiting nuclear Yap (Yes-associated protein) activity in the endocardium during cardiac valve development. CONCLUSIONS Sequential Notch-dependent transcriptional regulation in the embryonic endocardium involves multiple factors. Notch activates certain noncoding elements through these factors and simultaneously suppresses elements that could hinder cardiac valve development and homeostasis. Biorxviv: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.23.533882v1.full.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Luna-Zurita
- Intercellular Signaling in Cardiovascular Development and Disease Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain (L.L.-Z., B.G.F.-G., D.G., M.S.-A., J.L.d.l.P.)
- Ciber CV, Madrid, Spain (L.L.-Z., B.G.F.-G., D.G., M.S.-A., J.L.d.l.P.)
| | - Brenda Giselle Flores-Garza
- Intercellular Signaling in Cardiovascular Development and Disease Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain (L.L.-Z., B.G.F.-G., D.G., M.S.-A., J.L.d.l.P.)
- Ciber CV, Madrid, Spain (L.L.-Z., B.G.F.-G., D.G., M.S.-A., J.L.d.l.P.)
| | - Dimitrios Grivas
- Intercellular Signaling in Cardiovascular Development and Disease Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain (L.L.-Z., B.G.F.-G., D.G., M.S.-A., J.L.d.l.P.)
- Ciber CV, Madrid, Spain (L.L.-Z., B.G.F.-G., D.G., M.S.-A., J.L.d.l.P.)
- Developmental Biology, Centre for Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, Greece (D.G.)
| | - Marcos Siguero-Álvarez
- Intercellular Signaling in Cardiovascular Development and Disease Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain (L.L.-Z., B.G.F.-G., D.G., M.S.-A., J.L.d.l.P.)
- Ciber CV, Madrid, Spain (L.L.-Z., B.G.F.-G., D.G., M.S.-A., J.L.d.l.P.)
| | - José Luis de la Pompa
- Intercellular Signaling in Cardiovascular Development and Disease Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain (L.L.-Z., B.G.F.-G., D.G., M.S.-A., J.L.d.l.P.)
- Ciber CV, Madrid, Spain (L.L.-Z., B.G.F.-G., D.G., M.S.-A., J.L.d.l.P.)
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Sui Y, Kou S, Ge K, Cao J, Liu C, Zhang H. Expression analysis of plvap in mouse heart development, homeostasis and injury. Gene Expr Patterns 2023; 50:119343. [PMID: 37774966 DOI: 10.1016/j.gep.2023.119343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Plasmalemma vesicle associated protein (PLVAP) is commonly considered to be specifically expressed in endothelial cells in which it localized to diaphragms of caveolae, fenestrae, and transendothelial channels. PLVAP is reported to be an important regulator of heart development and a novel target to promote cardiac repair in the ischemic heart. However, the dynamics of plvap expression in heart development, homeostasis and pathology have not been comprehensively described. In this study, we analyzed the temporal and spatial expression of plvap in mouse heart under different conditions. We found that, during embryonic and neonatal stages, PLVAP was detected in endocardial endothelial cells, epicardial mesothelial cells, and a small amount of coronary vascular endothelial cells. In adult heart, PLVAP was also identified in endocardial cells and a few coronary vascular endothelial cells. However, epicardial expression of PLVAP was lost during postnatal heart development and cannot be detected in mouse heart by immunostaining since 3-week-old. We also analyzed the expression of plvap in a model of cardiac hypertrophy and failure induced by transverse aortic constriction surgery, and identified expression of PLVAP in endocardial cells and coronary vascular endothelial cells in the injured heart. This study provides new evidence to better understand the role of plvap in mouse heart development and injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Sui
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shan Kou
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kaixin Ge
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinjun Cao
- Department of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to the Medical School of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Chen Liu
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Hui Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China.
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5
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Brown KN, Phan HKT, Jui EL, Kang MK, Connell JP, Keswani SG, Grande-Allen KJ. Isolation and Characterization of Porcine Endocardial Endothelial Cells. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2023; 29:371-380. [PMID: 37310900 PMCID: PMC10442675 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2023.0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The heart contains diverse endothelial cell types. We sought to characterize the endocardial endothelial cells (EECs), which line the chambers of the heart. EECs are relatively understudied, yet their dysregulation can lead to various cardiac pathologies. Due to the lack of commercial availability of these cells, we reported our protocol for isolating EECs from porcine hearts and for establishing an EEC population through cell sorting. In addition, we compared the EEC phenotype and fundamental behaviors to a well-studied endothelial cell line, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). The EECs stained positively for classic phenotypic markers such as CD31, von Willebrand Factor, and vascular endothelial (VE) cadherin. The EECs proliferated more quickly than HUVECs at 48 h (1310 ± 251 cells vs. 597 ± 130 cells, p = 0.0361) and at 96 h (2873 ± 257 cells vs. 1714 ± 342 cells, p = 0.0002). Yet EECs migrated more slowly than HUVECs to cover a scratch wound at 4 h (5% ± 1% wound closure vs. 25% ± 3% wound closure, p < 0.0001), 8 h (15% ± 4% wound closure vs. 51% ± 12% wound closure, p < 0.0001), and 24 h (70% ± 11% wound closure vs. 90% ± 3% wound closure, p < 0.0001). Finally, the EECs maintained their endothelial phenotype by positive expression of CD31 through more than a dozen passages (three populations of EECs showing 97% ± 1% CD31+ cells in over 14 passages). In contrast, the HUVECs showed significantly reduced CD31 expression over high passages (80% ± 11% CD31+ cells over 14 passages). These important phenotypic differences between EECs and HUVECs highlight the need for researchers to utilize the most relevant cell types when studying or modeling diseases of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hong Kim T. Phan
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Elysa L. Jui
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Marci K. Kang
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | - Sundeep G. Keswani
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
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Hernández-García A, Pendleton KE, Kim S, Li Y, Kim BJ, Zaveri HP, Jordan VK, Berry AM, Ljungberg MC, Chen R, Lanz RB, Scott DA. SOX7 deficiency causes ventricular septal defects through its effects on endocardial-to-mesenchymal transition and the expression of Wnt4 and Bmp2. Hum Mol Genet 2023; 32:2152-2161. [PMID: 37000005 PMCID: PMC10281751 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddad050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Abstract
SOX7 is a transcription factor-encoding gene located in a region on chromosome 8p23.1 that is recurrently deleted in individuals with ventricular septal defects (VSDs). We have previously shown that Sox7-/- embryos die of heart failure around E11.5. Here, we demonstrate that these embryos have hypocellular endocardial cushions with severely reduced numbers of mesenchymal cells. Ablation of Sox7 in the endocardium also resulted in hypocellular endocardial cushions, and we observed VSDs in rare E15.5 Sox7flox/-;Tie2-Cre and Sox7flox/flox;Tie2-Cre embryos that survived to E15.5. In atrioventricular explant studies, we showed that SOX7 deficiency leads to a severe reduction in endocardial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT). RNA-seq studies performed on E9.5 Sox7-/- heart tubes revealed severely reduced Wnt4 transcript levels. Wnt4 is expressed in the endocardium and promotes EndMT by acting in a paracrine manner to increase the expression of Bmp2 in the myocardium. Both WNT4 and BMP2 have been previously implicated in the development of VSDs in individuals with 46,XX sex reversal with dysgenesis of kidney, adrenals and lungs (SERKAL) syndrome and in individuals with short stature, facial dysmorphism and skeletal anomalies with or without cardiac anomalies 1 (SSFSC1) syndrome, respectively. We now show that Sox7 and Wnt4 interact genetically in the development of VSDs through their additive effects on endocardial cushion development with Sox7+/-;Wnt4+/- double heterozygous embryos having hypocellular endocardial cushions and perimembranous and muscular VSDs not seen in their Sox7+/- and Wnt4+/- littermates. These results provide additional evidence that SOX7, WNT4 and BMP2 function in the same pathway during mammalian septal development and that their deficiency can contribute to the development of VSDs in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Hernández-García
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Katherine E Pendleton
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Sangbae Kim
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yumei Li
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Bum J Kim
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Hitisha P Zaveri
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Valerie K Jordan
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Aliska M Berry
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - M Cecilia Ljungberg
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Rui Chen
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Rainer B Lanz
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Quantitative and Computational Biosciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Daryl A Scott
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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7
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George RM, Firulli BA, Podicheti R, Rusch DB, Mannion BJ, Pennacchio LA, Osterwalder M, Firulli AB. Single cell evaluation of endocardial Hand2 gene regulatory networks reveals HAND2-dependent pathways that impact cardiac morphogenesis. Development 2023; 150:dev201341. [PMID: 36620995 PMCID: PMC10110492 DOI: 10.1242/dev.201341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The transcription factor HAND2 plays essential roles during cardiogenesis. Hand2 endocardial deletion (H2CKO) results in tricuspid atresia or double inlet left ventricle with accompanying intraventricular septum defects, hypo-trabeculated ventricles and an increased density of coronary lumens. To understand the regulatory mechanisms of these phenotypes, single cell transcriptome analysis of mouse E11.5 H2CKO hearts was performed revealing a number of disrupted endocardial regulatory pathways. Using HAND2 DNA occupancy data, we identify several HAND2-dependent enhancers, including two endothelial enhancers for the shear-stress master regulator KLF2. A 1.8 kb enhancer located 50 kb upstream of the Klf2 TSS imparts specific endothelial/endocardial expression within the vasculature and endocardium. This enhancer is HAND2-dependent for ventricular endocardium expression but HAND2-independent for Klf2 vascular and valve expression. Deletion of this Klf2 enhancer results in reduced Klf2 expression within ventricular endocardium. These data reveal that HAND2 functions within endocardial gene regulatory networks including shear-stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajani M. George
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Departments of Pediatrics, Anatomy and Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana Medical School, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Beth A. Firulli
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Departments of Pediatrics, Anatomy and Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana Medical School, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Ram Podicheti
- Center for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Douglas B. Rusch
- Center for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Brandon J. Mannion
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Comparative Biochemistry Program, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Len A. Pennacchio
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Comparative Biochemistry Program, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Marco Osterwalder
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern 3008, Switzerland
- Department of Cardiology, Bern University Hospital, Bern 3010, Switzerland
| | - Anthony B. Firulli
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Departments of Pediatrics, Anatomy and Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana Medical School, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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Zhou P, Zhang Y, Sethi I, Ye L, Trembley MA, Cao Y, Akerberg BN, Xiao F, Zhang X, Li K, Jardin BD, Mazumdar N, Ma Q, He A, Zhou B, Pu WT. GATA4 Regulates Developing Endocardium Through Interaction With ETS1. Circ Res 2022; 131:e152-e168. [PMID: 36263775 PMCID: PMC9669226 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.120.318102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pioneer transcription factor (TF) GATA4 (GATA Binding Protein 4) is expressed in multiple cardiovascular lineages and is essential for heart development. GATA4 lineage-specific occupancy in the developing heart underlies its lineage specific activities. Here, we characterized GATA4 chromatin occupancy in cardiomyocyte and endocardial lineages, dissected mechanisms that control lineage specific occupancy, and analyzed GATA4 regulation of endocardial gene expression. METHODS We mapped GATA4 chromatin occupancy in cardiomyocyte and endocardial cells of embryonic day 12.5 (E12.5) mouse heart using lineage specific, Cre-activated biotinylation of GATA4. Regulation of GATA4 pioneering activity was studied in cell lines stably overexpressing GATA4. GATA4 regulation of endocardial gene expression was analyzed using single cell RNA sequencing and luciferase reporter assays. RESULTS Cardiomyocyte-selective and endothelial-selective GATA4 occupied genomic regions had features of lineage specific enhancers. Footprints within cardiomyocyte- and endothelial-selective GATA4 regions were enriched for NKX2-5 (NK2 homeobox 5) and ETS1 (ETS Proto-Oncogene 1) motifs, respectively, and both of these TFs interacted with GATA4 in co-immunoprecipitation assays. In stable NIH3T3 cell lines expressing GATA4 with or without NKX2-5 or ETS1, the partner TFs re-directed GATA4 pioneer binding and augmented its ability to open previously inaccessible regions, with ETS1 displaying greater potency as a pioneer partner than NKX2-5. Single-cell RNA sequencing of embryonic hearts with endothelial cell-specific Gata4 inactivation identified Gata4-regulated endocardial genes, which were adjacent to GATA4-bound, endothelial regions enriched for both GATA4 and ETS1 motifs. In reporter assays, GATA4 and ETS1 cooperatively stimulated endothelial cell enhancer activity. CONCLUSIONS Lineage selective non-pioneer TFs NKX2-5 and ETS1 guide the activity of pioneer TF GATA4 to bind and open chromatin and create active enhancers and mechanistically link ETS1 interaction to GATA4 regulation of endocardial development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingzhu Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA 02115
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA 02115
| | - Isha Sethi
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA 02115
| | - Lincai Ye
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Michael A. Trembley
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA 02115
| | - Yangpo Cao
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA 02115
| | - Brynn N. Akerberg
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA 02115
| | - Feng Xiao
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA 02115
| | - Xiaoran Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA 02115
| | - Kai Li
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA 02115
| | - Blake D. Jardin
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA 02115
| | - Neil Mazumdar
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA 02115
| | - Qing Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA 02115
| | - Aibin He
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - William T. Pu
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA 02115
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, 7 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138
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9
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Vorisek C, Weixler V, Dominguez M, Axt-Fliedner R, Hammer PE, Lin RZ, Melero-Martin JM, Del Nido PJ, Friehs I. Mechanical strain triggers endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition of the endocardium in the immature heart. Pediatr Res 2022; 92:721-728. [PMID: 34837068 PMCID: PMC9133271 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-021-01843-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endothelial-to-mesenchymal-transition (EndMT) plays a major role in cardiac fibrosis, including endocardial fibroelastosis but the stimuli are still unknown. We developed an endothelial cell (EC) culture and a whole heart model to test whether mechanical strain triggers TGF-β-mediated EndMT. METHODS Isolated ECs were exposed to 10% uniaxial static stretch for 8 h (stretch) and TGF-β-mediated EndMT was determined using the TGF-β-inhibitor SB431542 (stretch + TGF-β-inhibitor), BMP-7 (stretch + BMP-7) or losartan (stretch + losartan), and isolated mature and immature rats were exposed to stretch through a weight on the apex of the left ventricle. Immunohistochemical staining for double-staining with endothelial markers (VE-cadherin, PECAM1) and mesenchymal markers (αSMA) or transcription factors (SLUG/SNAIL) positive nuclei was indicative of EndMT. RESULTS Stretch-induced EndMT in ECs expressed as double-stained ECs/total ECs (cells: 46 ± 13%; heart: 15.9 ± 2%) compared to controls (cells: 7 ± 2%; heart: 3.1 ± 0.1; p < 0.05), but only immature hearts showed endocardial EndMT. Inhibition of TGF-β decreased the number of double-stained cells significantly, comparable to controls (cells/heart: control: 7 ± 2%/3.1 ± 0.1%, stretch: 46 ± 13%/15 ± 2%, stretch + BMP-7: 7 ± 2%/2.9 ± 0.1%, stretch + TGF-β-inhibitor (heart only): 5.2 ± 1.3%, stretch + losartan (heart only): 0.89 ± 0.1%; p < 0.001 versus stretch). CONCLUSIONS Endocardial EndMT is an age-dependent consequence of increased strain triggered by TGF- β activation. Local inhibition through either rebalancing TGF-β/BMP or with losartan was effective to block EndMT. IMPACT Mechanical strain imposed on the immature LV induces endocardial fibroelastosis (EFE) formation through TGF-β-mediated activation of endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) in endocardial endothelial cells but has no effect in mature hearts. Local inhibition through either rebalancing the TGF-β/BMP pathway or with losartan blocks EndMT. Inhibition of endocardial EndMT with clinically applicable treatments may lead to a better outcome for congenital heart defects associated with EFE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Vorisek
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Viktoria Weixler
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Massiel Dominguez
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Roland Axt-Fliedner
- Center for Prenatal Medicine and Fetal Therapy, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Peter E Hammer
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ruei-Zeng Lin
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Juan M Melero-Martin
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pedro J Del Nido
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ingeborg Friehs
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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10
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Qi J, Rittershaus A, Priya R, Mansingh S, Stainier DYR, Helker CSM. Apelin signaling dependent endocardial protrusions promote cardiac trabeculation in zebrafish. eLife 2022; 11:e73231. [PMID: 35225788 PMCID: PMC8916774 DOI: 10.7554/elife.73231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
During cardiac development, endocardial cells (EdCs) produce growth factors to promote myocardial morphogenesis and growth. In particular, EdCs produce neuregulin which is required for ventricular cardiomyocytes (CMs) to seed the multicellular ridges known as trabeculae. Defects in neuregulin signaling, or in endocardial sprouting toward CMs, cause hypotrabeculation. However, the mechanisms underlying endocardial sprouting remain largely unknown. Here, we first show by live imaging in zebrafish embryos that EdCs interact with CMs via dynamic membrane protrusions. After touching CMs, these protrusions remain in close contact with their target despite the vigorous cardiac contractions. Loss of the CM-derived peptide Apelin, or of the Apelin receptor, which is expressed in EdCs, leads to reduced endocardial sprouting and hypotrabeculation. Mechanistically, neuregulin signaling requires endocardial protrusions to induce extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Erk) activity in CMs and trigger their delamination. Altogether, these data show that Apelin signaling-dependent endocardial protrusions modulate CM behavior during trabeculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialing Qi
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung ResearchBad NauheimGermany
| | - Annegret Rittershaus
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung ResearchBad NauheimGermany
| | - Rashmi Priya
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung ResearchBad NauheimGermany
| | - Shivani Mansingh
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung ResearchBad NauheimGermany
| | - Didier YR Stainier
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung ResearchBad NauheimGermany
| | - Christian SM Helker
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung ResearchBad NauheimGermany
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11
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Tang J, Zhu H, Tian X, Wang H, Liu S, Liu K, Zhao H, He L, Huang X, Feng Z, Ding Z, Long B, Yan Y, Smart N, Gong H, Luo Q, Zhou B. Extension of Endocardium-Derived Vessels Generate Coronary Arteries in Neonates. Circ Res 2022; 130:352-365. [PMID: 34995101 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.121.320335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: Unraveling how new coronary arteries develop may provide critical information for establishing novel therapeutic approaches to treating ischemic cardiac diseases. There are two distinct coronary vascular populations derived from different origins in the developing heart. Understanding the formation of coronary arteries may provide insights into new ways of promoting coronary artery formation after myocardial infarction. Methods: To understand how intramyocardial coronary arteries are generated to connect these two coronary vascular populations, we combined genetic lineage tracing, light-sheet microscopy, fluorescence micro-optical sectioning tomography, and tissue-specific gene knockout approaches to understand their cellular and molecular mechanisms. Results: We show that a subset of intramyocardial coronary arteries form by angiogenic extension of endocardium-derived vascular tunnels in the neonatal heart. Three-dimensional whole-mount fluorescence imaging showed that these endocardium-derived vascular tunnels or tubes adopt an arterial fate in neonates. Mechanistically, we implicate Mettl3 and Notch signaling in regulating endocardium-derived intramyocardial coronary artery formation. Functionally, these intramyocardial arteries persist into adulthood and play a protective role after myocardial infarction. Conclusions: A subset of intramyocardial coronary arteries form by extension of endocardium-derived vascular tunnels in the neonatal heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Tang
- The State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (J.T., H.Z., H.W., K.L., H.Z., L.H., X.H., B.Z.), University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huan Zhu
- The State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (J.T., H.Z., H.W., K.L., H.Z., L.H., X.H., B.Z.), University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xueying Tian
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China (X.T.)
| | - Haixiao Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (J.T., H.Z., H.W., K.L., H.Z., L.H., X.H., B.Z.), University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shaoyan Liu
- Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (S.L., Y.Y.)
| | - Kuo Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (J.T., H.Z., H.W., K.L., H.Z., L.H., X.H., B.Z.), University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huan Zhao
- The State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (J.T., H.Z., H.W., K.L., H.Z., L.H., X.H., B.Z.), University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lingjuan He
- The State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (J.T., H.Z., H.W., K.L., H.Z., L.H., X.H., B.Z.), University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiuzhen Huang
- The State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (J.T., H.Z., H.W., K.L., H.Z., L.H., X.H., B.Z.), University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhao Feng
- HUST-Suzhou Institute for Brainsmatics, JITRI, Suzhou, China (Z.F., H.G.)
| | - Zhangheng Ding
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (Z.D., H.G.)
| | - Ben Long
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Hainan Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, China (B.L., Q.L.)
| | - Yan Yan
- Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (S.L., Y.Y.)
| | - Nicola Smart
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford (N.S.)
| | - Hui Gong
- HUST-Suzhou Institute for Brainsmatics, JITRI, Suzhou, China (Z.F., H.G.)
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (Z.D., H.G.)
| | - Qingming Luo
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Hainan Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, China (B.L., Q.L.)
| | - Bin Zhou
- The State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (J.T., H.Z., H.W., K.L., H.Z., L.H., X.H., B.Z.), University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Life Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study (B.Z.), University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, China (B.Z.)
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12
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Aneesh Kumar A, Ajith Kumar GS, Satheesh G, Surendran A, Chandran M, Kartha CC, Jaleel A. Proteomics Analysis Reveals Diverse Molecular Characteristics between Endocardial and Aortic-Valvular Endothelium. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12071005. [PMID: 34208790 PMCID: PMC8304717 DOI: 10.3390/genes12071005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The variations in the protein profile of aortic-valvular (AVE) and endocardial endothelial (EE) cells are currently unknown. The current study's objective is to identify differentially expressed proteins and associated pathways in both the endothelial cells. We used endothelial cells isolated from the porcine (Sus scrofa) aortic valve and endocardium for the profiling of proteins. Label-free proteomics was performed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Our proteomics analysis revealed that 29 proteins were highly expressed, and 25 proteins were less expressed in the valve than the endocardial endothelium. The cell surface markers, such as CD63, ICAM1, PECAM1, PROCR, and TFRC, were highly expressed in EE. In contrast, CD44 was highly expressed in AVE. The pathway analysis showed that metabolic process-related proteins and extracellular matrix-related proteins were enriched in valves. Differential enrichment of signaling pathways was observed in the endocardium. The hemostasis function-related proteins were increased in both endothelial cells. The proteins and pathways enriched in aortic-valvular and endocardial endothelial cells revealed the distinct phenotype of these two closely related cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Aneesh Kumar
- Cardiovascular Diseases and Diabetes Biology, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram 695014, India; (A.A.K.); (G.S.A.K.); (G.S.); (C.C.K.)
| | - G. S. Ajith Kumar
- Cardiovascular Diseases and Diabetes Biology, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram 695014, India; (A.A.K.); (G.S.A.K.); (G.S.); (C.C.K.)
| | - Gopika Satheesh
- Cardiovascular Diseases and Diabetes Biology, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram 695014, India; (A.A.K.); (G.S.A.K.); (G.S.); (C.C.K.)
| | - Arun Surendran
- Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Core Facility, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram 695014, India; (A.S.); (M.C.)
| | - Mahesh Chandran
- Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Core Facility, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram 695014, India; (A.S.); (M.C.)
| | - Chandrasekharan C. Kartha
- Cardiovascular Diseases and Diabetes Biology, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram 695014, India; (A.A.K.); (G.S.A.K.); (G.S.); (C.C.K.)
| | - Abdul Jaleel
- Cardiovascular Diseases and Diabetes Biology, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram 695014, India; (A.A.K.); (G.S.A.K.); (G.S.); (C.C.K.)
- Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Core Facility, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram 695014, India; (A.S.); (M.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +91-471-252-9540; Fax: +91-471-234-8096
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13
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Maione AS, Stadiotti I, Pilato CA, Perrucci GL, Saverio V, Catto V, Vettor G, Casella M, Guarino A, Polvani G, Pompilio G, Sommariva E. Excess TGF-β1 Drives Cardiac Mesenchymal Stromal Cells to a Pro-Fibrotic Commitment in Arrhythmogenic Cardiomyopathy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052673. [PMID: 33800912 PMCID: PMC7961797 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Arrhythmogenic Cardiomyopathy (ACM) is characterized by the replacement of the myocardium with fibrotic or fibro-fatty tissue and inflammatory infiltrates in the heart. To date, while ACM adipogenesis is a well-investigated differentiation program, ACM-related fibrosis remains a scientific gap of knowledge. In this study, we analyze the fibrotic process occurring during ACM pathogenesis focusing on the role of cardiac mesenchymal stromal cells (C-MSC) as a source of myofibroblasts. We performed the ex vivo studies on plasma and right ventricular endomyocardial bioptic samples collected from ACM patients and healthy control donors (HC). In vitro studies were performed on C-MSC isolated from endomyocardial biopsies of both groups. Our results revealed that circulating TGF-β1 levels are significantly higher in the ACM cohort than in HC. Accordingly, fibrotic markers are increased in ACM patient-derived cardiac biopsies compared to HC ones. This difference is not evident in isolated C-MSC. Nevertheless, ACM C-MSC are more responsive than HC ones to TGF-β1 treatment, in terms of pro-fibrotic differentiation and higher activation of the SMAD2/3 signaling pathway. These results provide the novel evidence that C-MSC are a source of myofibroblasts and participate in ACM fibrotic remodeling, being highly responsive to ACM-characteristic excess TGF-β1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Serena Maione
- Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine Unit, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, 20138 Milan, Italy; (I.S.); (C.A.P.); (G.L.P.); (V.S.); (G.P.); (E.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-02-5800-2753
| | - Ilaria Stadiotti
- Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine Unit, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, 20138 Milan, Italy; (I.S.); (C.A.P.); (G.L.P.); (V.S.); (G.P.); (E.S.)
| | - Chiara Assunta Pilato
- Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine Unit, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, 20138 Milan, Italy; (I.S.); (C.A.P.); (G.L.P.); (V.S.); (G.P.); (E.S.)
| | - Gianluca Lorenzo Perrucci
- Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine Unit, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, 20138 Milan, Italy; (I.S.); (C.A.P.); (G.L.P.); (V.S.); (G.P.); (E.S.)
| | - Valentina Saverio
- Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine Unit, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, 20138 Milan, Italy; (I.S.); (C.A.P.); (G.L.P.); (V.S.); (G.P.); (E.S.)
| | - Valentina Catto
- Cardiac Arrhythmia Research Centre, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, 20138 Milan, Italy; (V.C.); (G.V.); (M.C.)
| | - Giulia Vettor
- Cardiac Arrhythmia Research Centre, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, 20138 Milan, Italy; (V.C.); (G.V.); (M.C.)
| | - Michela Casella
- Cardiac Arrhythmia Research Centre, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, 20138 Milan, Italy; (V.C.); (G.V.); (M.C.)
| | - Anna Guarino
- Cardiovascular Tissue Bank of Milan, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, 20138 Milan, Italy; (A.G.); (G.P.)
| | - Gianluca Polvani
- Cardiovascular Tissue Bank of Milan, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, 20138 Milan, Italy; (A.G.); (G.P.)
| | - Giulio Pompilio
- Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine Unit, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, 20138 Milan, Italy; (I.S.); (C.A.P.); (G.L.P.); (V.S.); (G.P.); (E.S.)
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Sommariva
- Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine Unit, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, 20138 Milan, Italy; (I.S.); (C.A.P.); (G.L.P.); (V.S.); (G.P.); (E.S.)
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14
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Petramala L, Concistrè A, Olmati F, Saracino V, Chimenti C, Frustaci A, Russo MA, Letizia C. Cardiomyopathies and Adrenal Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21145047. [PMID: 32709015 PMCID: PMC7404306 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21145047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiomyopathies are myocardial disorders in which heart muscle is structurally and/or functionally abnormal. Previously, structural cardiomyocyte disorders due to adrenal diseases, such as hyperaldosteronism, hypercortisolism, and hypercatecholaminism, were misunderstood, and endomyocardial biopsy (EMB) was not performed because was considered dangerous and too invasive. Recent data confirm that, if performed in experienced centers, EMB is a safe technique and gives precious information about physiopathological processes implied in clinical abnormalities in patients with different systemic disturbances. In this review, we illustrate the most important features in patients affected by primary aldosteronism (PA), Cushing's syndrome (CS), and pheochromocytoma (PHEO). Then, we critically describe microscopic and ultrastructural aspects that have emerged from the newest EMB studies. In PA, the autonomous hypersecretion of aldosterone induces the alteration of ion and water homeostasis, intracellular vacuolization, and swelling; interstitial oedema could be a peculiar feature of myocardial toxicity. In CS, cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and myofibrillolysis could be related to higher expression of atrogin-1. Finally, in PHEO, the hypercontraction of myofilaments with the formation of contraction bands and occasional cellular necrosis has been observed. We expect to clear the role of EMB in patients with cardiomyopathies and adrenal disease, and we believe EMB is a valid tool to implement new management and therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Petramala
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Roma, Italy; (L.P.); (A.C.); (F.O.); (V.S.)
| | - Antonio Concistrè
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Roma, Italy; (L.P.); (A.C.); (F.O.); (V.S.)
| | - Federica Olmati
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Roma, Italy; (L.P.); (A.C.); (F.O.); (V.S.)
| | - Vincenza Saracino
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Roma, Italy; (L.P.); (A.C.); (F.O.); (V.S.)
| | - Cristina Chimenti
- Clinical Internal, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Roma, Italy; (C.C.); (A.F.)
| | - Andrea Frustaci
- Clinical Internal, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Roma, Italy; (C.C.); (A.F.)
| | - Matteo A. Russo
- MEBIC Consortium, San Raffaele Open University, and IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Claudio Letizia
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Roma, Italy; (L.P.); (A.C.); (F.O.); (V.S.)
- Correspondence:
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15
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Sidhwani P, Leerberg DM, Boezio GLM, Capasso TL, Yang H, Chi NC, Roman BL, Stainier DYR, Yelon D. Cardiac function modulates endocardial cell dynamics to shape the cardiac outflow tract. Development 2020; 147:dev185900. [PMID: 32439760 PMCID: PMC7328156 DOI: 10.1242/dev.185900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Physical forces are important participants in the cellular dynamics that shape developing organs. During heart formation, for example, contractility and blood flow generate biomechanical cues that influence patterns of cell behavior. Here, we address the interplay between function and form during the assembly of the cardiac outflow tract (OFT), a crucial connection between the heart and vasculature that develops while circulation is under way. In zebrafish, we find that the OFT expands via accrual of both endocardial and myocardial cells. However, when cardiac function is disrupted, OFT endocardial growth ceases, accompanied by reduced proliferation and reduced addition of cells from adjacent vessels. The flow-responsive TGFβ receptor Acvrl1 is required for addition of endocardial cells, but not for their proliferation, indicating distinct modes of function-dependent regulation for each of these essential cell behaviors. Together, our results indicate that cardiac function modulates OFT morphogenesis by triggering endocardial cell accumulation that induces OFT lumen expansion and shapes OFT dimensions. Moreover, these morphogenetic mechanisms provide new perspectives regarding the potential causes of cardiac birth defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pragya Sidhwani
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Dena M Leerberg
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Giulia L M Boezio
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Department of Developmental Genetics, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Teresa L Capasso
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, and Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Hongbo Yang
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Neil C Chi
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Beth L Roman
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, and Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Didier Y R Stainier
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Department of Developmental Genetics, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Deborah Yelon
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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16
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Torregrosa-Carrión R, Luna-Zurita L, García-Marqués F, D'Amato G, Piñeiro-Sabarís R, Bonzón-Kulichenko E, Vázquez J, de la Pompa JL. NOTCH Activation Promotes Valve Formation by Regulating the Endocardial Secretome. Mol Cell Proteomics 2019; 18:1782-1795. [PMID: 31249105 PMCID: PMC6731085 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.ra119.001492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The endocardium is a specialized endothelium that lines the inner surface of the heart. Functional studies in mice and zebrafish have established that the endocardium is a source of instructive signals for the development of cardiac structures, including the heart valves and chambers. Here, we characterized the NOTCH-dependent endocardial secretome by manipulating NOTCH activity in mouse embryonic endocardial cells (MEEC) followed by mass spectrometry-based proteomics. We profiled different sets of soluble factors whose secretion not only responds to NOTCH activation but also shows differential ligand specificity, suggesting that ligand-specific inputs may regulate the expression of secreted proteins involved in different cardiac development processes. NOTCH signaling activation correlates with a transforming growth factor-β2 (TGFβ2)-rich secretome and the delivery of paracrine signals involved in focal adhesion and extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition and remodeling. In contrast, NOTCH inhibition is accompanied by the up-regulation of specific semaphorins that may modulate cell migration. The secretome protein expression data showed a good correlation with gene profiling of RNA expression in embryonic endocardial cells. Additional characterization by in situ hybridization in mouse embryos revealed expression of various NOTCH candidate effector genes (Tgfβ2, Loxl2, Ptx3, Timp3, Fbln2, and Dcn) in heart valve endocardium and/or mesenchyme. Validating these results, mice with conditional Dll4 or Jag1 loss-of-function mutations showed gene expression alterations similar to those observed at the protein level in vitro These results provide the first description of the NOTCH-dependent endocardial secretome and validate MEEC as a tool for assaying the endocardial secretome response to a variety of stimuli and the potential use of this system for drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Torregrosa-Carrión
- ‡Intercellular Signaling in Cardiovascular Development and Disease Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, SPAIN; §Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), 28029 Madrid, SPAIN
| | - Luis Luna-Zurita
- ‡Intercellular Signaling in Cardiovascular Development and Disease Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, SPAIN; §Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), 28029 Madrid, SPAIN
| | | | - Gaetano D'Amato
- ‡Intercellular Signaling in Cardiovascular Development and Disease Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, SPAIN; ‖Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Rebeca Piñeiro-Sabarís
- ‡Intercellular Signaling in Cardiovascular Development and Disease Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, SPAIN; §Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), 28029 Madrid, SPAIN
| | - Elena Bonzón-Kulichenko
- §Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), 28029 Madrid, SPAIN; **Cardiovascular Proteomics Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, SPAIN
| | - Jesús Vázquez
- §Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), 28029 Madrid, SPAIN; **Cardiovascular Proteomics Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, SPAIN
| | - José Luis de la Pompa
- ‡Intercellular Signaling in Cardiovascular Development and Disease Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, SPAIN; §Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), 28029 Madrid, SPAIN.
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17
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Shigeta A, Huang V, Zuo J, Besada R, Nakashima Y, Lu Y, Ding Y, Pellegrini M, Kulkarni RP, Hsiai T, Deb A, Zhou B, Nakano H, Nakano A. Endocardially Derived Macrophages Are Essential for Valvular Remodeling. Dev Cell 2019; 48:617-630.e3. [PMID: 30799229 PMCID: PMC6440481 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2019.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
During mammalian embryogenesis, de novo hematopoiesis occurs transiently in multiple anatomical sites including the yolk sac, dorsal aorta, and heart tube. A long-unanswered question is whether these local transient hematopoietic mechanisms are essential for embryonic growth. Here, we show that endocardial hematopoiesis is critical for cardiac valve remodeling as a source of tissue macrophages. Colony formation assay from explanted heart tubes and genetic lineage tracing with the endocardial specific Nfatc1-Cre mouse revealed that hemogenic endocardium is a de novo source of tissue macrophages in the endocardial cushion, the primordium of the cardiac valves. Surface marker characterization, gene expression profiling, and ex vivo phagocytosis assay revealed that the endocardially derived cardiac tissue macrophages play a phagocytic and antigen presenting role. Indeed, genetic ablation of endocardially derived macrophages caused severe valve malformation. Together, these data suggest that transient hemogenic activity in the endocardium is indispensable for the valvular tissue remodeling in the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayako Shigeta
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Vincent Huang
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jonathan Zuo
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Rana Besada
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Yasuhiro Nakashima
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Yan Lu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Yichen Ding
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Matteo Pellegrini
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Rajan P Kulkarni
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Tzung Hsiai
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Arjun Deb
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Bin Zhou
- Department of Genetics, Pediatrics, and Medicine (Cardiology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Haruko Nakano
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Atsushi Nakano
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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18
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Wang Y, Lu P, Wu B, Riascos-Bernal DF, Sibinga NES, Valenta T, Basler K, Zhou B. Myocardial β-Catenin-BMP2 signaling promotes mesenchymal cell proliferation during endocardial cushion formation. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2018; 123:150-158. [PMID: 30201295 PMCID: PMC10662972 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Abnormal endocardial cushion formation is a major cause of congenital heart valve disease, which is a common birth defect with significant morbidity and mortality. Although β-catenin and BMP2 are two well-known regulators of endocardial cushion formation, their interaction in this process is largely unknown. Here, we report that deletion of β-catenin in myocardium results in formation of hypoplastic endocardial cushions accompanying a decrease of mesenchymal cell proliferation. Loss of β-catenin reduced Bmp2 expression in myocardium and SMAD signaling in cushion mesenchyme. Exogenous BMP2 recombinant proteins fully rescued the proliferation defect of mesenchymal cells in cultured heart explants from myocardial β-catenin knockout embryos. Using a canonical WNT signaling reporter mouse line, we showed that cushion myocardium exhibited high WNT/β-catenin activities during endocardial cushion growth. Selective disruption of the signaling function of β-catenin resulted in a cushion growth defect similar to that caused by the complete loss of β-catenin. Together, these observations demonstrate that myocardial β-catenin signaling function promotes mesenchymal cell proliferation and endocardial cushion expansion through inducing BMP signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yidong Wang
- Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, China; Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States.
| | - Pengfei Lu
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States
| | - Bingruo Wu
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States
| | - Dario F Riascos-Bernal
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology Division), Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States
| | - Nicholas E S Sibinga
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology Division), Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States
| | - Tomas Valenta
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Zurich, 8057, Switzerland
| | - Konrad Basler
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Zurich, 8057, Switzerland
| | - Bin Zhou
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States; Department of Genetics, Pediatrics, and Medicine (Cardiology), Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, United States; Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital and State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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19
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Artap S, Manderfield LJ, Smith CL, Poleshko A, Aghajanian H, See K, Li L, Jain R, Epstein JA. Endocardial Hippo signaling regulates myocardial growth and cardiogenesis. Dev Biol 2018; 440:22-30. [PMID: 29727635 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2018.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The Hippo signaling pathway has been implicated in control of cell and organ size, proliferation, and endothelial-mesenchymal transformation. This pathway impacts upon two partially redundant transcription cofactors, Yap and Taz, that interact with other factors, including members of the Tead family, to affect expression of downstream genes. Yap and Taz have been shown to regulate, in a cell-autonomous manner, myocardial proliferation, myocardial hypertrophy, regenerative potential, and overall size of the heart. Here, we show that Yap and Taz also play an instructive, non-cell-autonomous role in the endocardium of the developing heart to regulate myocardial growth through release of the paracrine factor, neuregulin. Without endocardial Yap and Taz, myocardial growth is impaired causing early post-natal lethality. Thus, the Hippo signaling pathway regulates cell size via both cell-autonomous and non-cell-autonomous mechanisms. Furthermore, these data suggest that Hippo may regulate organ size via a sensing and paracrine function in endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanley Artap
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, The Cardiovascular Institute and the Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Lauren J Manderfield
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, The Cardiovascular Institute and the Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Cheryl L Smith
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, The Cardiovascular Institute and the Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Andrey Poleshko
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, The Cardiovascular Institute and the Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Haig Aghajanian
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, The Cardiovascular Institute and the Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kelvin See
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, The Cardiovascular Institute and the Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Li Li
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, The Cardiovascular Institute and the Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Rajan Jain
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, The Cardiovascular Institute and the Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jonathan A Epstein
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, The Cardiovascular Institute and the Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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20
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Lin W, Li D, Cheng L, Li L, Liu F, Hand NJ, Epstein JA, Rader DJ. Zinc transporter Slc39a8 is essential for cardiac ventricular compaction. J Clin Invest 2018; 128:826-833. [PMID: 29337306 PMCID: PMC5785267 DOI: 10.1172/jci96993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Isolated left ventricular noncompaction (LVNC) results from excessive trabeculation and impaired myocardial compaction during heart development. The extracellular matrix (ECM) that separates endocardium from myocardium plays a critical but poorly understood role in ventricular trabeculation and compaction. In an attempt to characterize solute carrier family 39 member 8-null (Slc39a8-null) mice, we discovered that homozygous null embryos do not survive embryogenesis and exhibit a cardiac phenotype similar to human LVNC. Slc39a8 encodes a divalent metal cation importer that has been implicated in ECM degradation through the zinc/metal regulatory transcription factor 1 (Zn/MTF1) axis, which promotes the expression of ECM-degrading enzymes, including Adamts metalloproteinases. Here, we have shown that Slc39a8 is expressed by endothelial cells in the developing mouse heart, where it serves to maintain cellular Zn levels. Furthermore, Slc39a8-null hearts exhibited marked ECM accumulation and reduction of several Adamts metalloproteinases. Consistent with the in vivo observations, knockdown of SLC39A8 in HUVECs decreased ADAMTS1 transcription by decreasing cellular Zn uptake and, as a result, MTF1 transcriptional activity. Our study thus identifies a gene underlying ventricular trabeculation and compaction development, and a pathway regulating ECM during myocardial morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Deqiang Li
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, and
- Penn Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lan Cheng
- Penn Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Li Li
- Penn Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Feiyan Liu
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, and
- Penn Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Jonathan A. Epstein
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, and
- Penn Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Daniel J. Rader
- Department of Genetics
- Penn Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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21
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Kucybala I, Janas P, Ciuk S, Cholopiak W, Klimek-Piotrowska W, Holda MK. A comprehensive guide to telocytes and their great potential in cardiovascular system. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 118:302-309. [PMID: 28516795 DOI: 10.4149/bll_2017_059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Telocytes, a recently discovered type of interstitial cells, have a very distinctive morphology - the small cell body with long extensions, named telopodes. In our review, apart from introducing general aspects of telocytes, we focus on properties, functions and future potential of those cells in cardiovascular system. However, physiological functions of telocytes in cardiovascular system are still regarded as quite enigmatic. Previous studies claim that they play a role in organogenesis and regeneration, bioelectrical signalling, mechanoelectrical coupling, anti-oxidative protection, angiogenesis and regulation of blood flow. As well, they are presumably connected with the presence of blood-myocardium barrier and proper organisation of extracellular matrix. Moreover, there exists a significant link between the quantity of telocytes in tissue and numerous cardiovascular diseases such as: myocardial infarction, cardiomyopathies, systemic sclerosis, heart failure, atrial fibrillation, isolated atrial amyloidosis, myxomatous valve degeneration and hyperplastic consequences of vascular injury. Thanks to their unique properties, telocytes might be a breakthrough in treatment of cardiovascular diseases, as they may be effective in reversing effects of myocardial infarction. Telocytes also may play a major role in tissue engineering - they might be the key factor in creating stable and efficient vascular network in larger synthetic tissues or organs (Tab. 1, Fig. 3, Ref. 53).
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22
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Gittenberger-de Groot AC, Hoppenbrouwers T, Miquerol L, Kosaka Y, Poelmann RE, Wisse LJ, Yost HJ, Jongbloed MRM, Deruiter MC, Brunelli L. 14-3-3epsilon controls multiple developmental processes in the mouse heart. Dev Dyn 2016; 245:1107-1123. [PMID: 27580238 PMCID: PMC5065397 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Revised: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND 14-3-3ε plays an important role in the maturation of the compact ventricular myocardium by modulating the cardiomyocyte cell cycle via p27kip1 . However, additional cardiac defects are possible given the ubiquitous expression pattern of this protein. RESULTS Germ line deletion of 14-3-3ε led to malalignment of both the outflow tract (OFT) and atrioventricular (AV) cushions, with resulting tricuspid stenosis and atresia, mitral valve abnormalities, and perimembranous ventricular septal defects (VSDs). We confirmed myocardial non-compaction and detected a spongy septum with muscular VSDs and blebbing of the epicardium. These defects were associated with abnormal patterning of p27kip1 expression in the subendocardial and possibly the epicardial cell populations. In addition to abnormal pharyngeal arch artery patterning, we found deep endocardial recesses and paucity of intramyocardial coronary vasculature as a result of defective coronary plexus remodeling. CONCLUSIONS The malalignment of both endocardial cushions provides a new explanation for tricuspid and mitral valve defects, while myocardial non-compaction provides the basis for the abnormal coronary vasculature patterning. These abnormalities might arise from p27kip1 dysregulation and a resulting defect in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transformation. These data suggest that 14-3-3ε, in addition to left ventricular non-compaction (LVNC), might be linked to different forms of congenital heart disease (CHD). Developmental Dynamics 245:1107-1123, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana C Gittenberger-de Groot
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Tamara Hoppenbrouwers
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Yasuhiro Kosaka
- Department of Pediatrics (Neonatology), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | | | - Lambertus J Wisse
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - H Joseph Yost
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Monique R M Jongbloed
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marco C Deruiter
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Luca Brunelli
- Department of Pediatrics (Neonatology), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah.
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23
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Beets K, Staring MW, Criem N, Maas E, Schellinx N, de Sousa Lopes SMC, Umans L, Zwijsen A. BMP-SMAD signalling output is highly regionalized in cardiovascular and lymphatic endothelial networks. BMC Dev Biol 2016; 16:34. [PMID: 27724845 PMCID: PMC5057272 DOI: 10.1186/s12861-016-0133-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signalling has emerged as a fundamental pathway in endothelial cell biology and deregulation of this pathway is implicated in several vascular disorders. BMP signalling output in endothelial cells is highly context- and dose-dependent. Phosphorylation of the BMP intracellular effectors, SMAD1/5/9, is routinely used to monitor BMP signalling activity. To better understand the in vivo context-dependency of BMP-SMAD signalling, we investigated differences in BMP-SMAD transcriptional activity in different vascular beds during mouse embryonic and postnatal stages. For this, we used the BRE::gfp BMP signalling reporter mouse in which the BMP response element (BRE) from the ID1-promotor, a SMAD1/5/9 target gene, drives the expression of GFP. RESULTS A mosaic pattern of GFP was present in various angiogenic sprouting plexuses and in endocardium of cardiac cushions and trabeculae in the heart. High calibre veins seemed to be more BRE::gfp transcriptionally active than arteries, and ubiquitous activity was present in embryonic lymphatic vasculature. Postnatal lymphatic vessels showed however only discrete micro-domains of transcriptional activity. Dynamic shifts in transcriptional activity were also observed in the endocardium of the developing heart, with a general decrease in activity over time. Surprisingly, proliferative endothelial cells were almost never GFP-positive. Patches of transcriptional activity seemed to correlate with vasculature undergoing hemodynamic alterations. CONCLUSION The BRE::gfp mouse allows to investigate selective context-dependent aspects of BMP-SMAD signalling. Our data reveals the highly dynamic nature of BMP-SMAD mediated transcriptional regulation in time and space throughout the vascular tree, supporting that BMP-SMAD signalling can be a source of phenotypic diversity in some, but not all, healthy endothelium. This knowledge can provide insight in vascular bed or organ-specific diseases and phenotypic heterogeneity within an endothelial cell population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Beets
- VIB Center for the Biology of Disease, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Michael W. Staring
- VIB Center for the Biology of Disease, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nathan Criem
- VIB Center for the Biology of Disease, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Elke Maas
- VIB Center for the Biology of Disease, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Niels Schellinx
- VIB Center for the Biology of Disease, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Lieve Umans
- VIB Center for the Biology of Disease, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - An Zwijsen
- VIB Center for the Biology of Disease, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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24
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Lauriol J, Cabrera JR, Roy A, Keith K, Hough SM, Damilano F, Wang B, Segarra GC, Flessa ME, Miller LE, Das S, Bronson R, Lee KH, Kontaridis MI. Developmental SHP2 dysfunction underlies cardiac hypertrophy in Noonan syndrome with multiple lentigines. J Clin Invest 2016; 126:2989-3005. [PMID: 27348588 PMCID: PMC4966304 DOI: 10.1172/jci80396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is a common cause of mortality in congenital heart disease (CHD). Many gene abnormalities are associated with cardiac hypertrophy, but their function in cardiac development is not well understood. Loss-of-function mutations in PTPN11, which encodes the protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) SHP2, are implicated in CHD and cause Noonan syndrome with multiple lentigines (NSML), a condition that often presents with cardiac hypertrophic defects. Here, we found that NSML-associated hypertrophy stems from aberrant signaling mechanisms originating in developing endocardium. Trabeculation and valvular hyperplasia were diminished in hearts of embryonic mice expressing a human NSML-associated variant of SHP2, and these defects were recapitulated in mice expressing NSML-associated SHP2 specifically in endothelial, but not myocardial or neural crest, cells. In contrast, mice with myocardial- but not endothelial-specific NSML SHP2 expression developed ventricular septal defects, suggesting that NSML-associated mutations have both cell-autonomous and nonautonomous functions in cardiac development. However, only endothelial-specific expression of NSML-associated SHP2 induced adult-onset cardiac hypertrophy. Further, embryos expressing the NSML-associated SHP2 mutation exhibited aberrant AKT activity and decreased downstream forkhead box P1 (FOXP1)/FGF and NOTCH1/EPHB2 signaling, indicating that SHP2 is required for regulating reciprocal crosstalk between developing endocardium and myocardium. Together, our data provide functional and disease-based evidence that aberrant SHP2 signaling during cardiac development leads to CHD and adult-onset heart hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Lauriol
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Janel R. Cabrera
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ashbeel Roy
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kimberly Keith
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sara M. Hough
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Federico Damilano
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Bonnie Wang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gabriel C. Segarra
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Meaghan E. Flessa
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Lauren E. Miller
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Saumya Das
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Kyu-Ho Lee
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Maria I. Kontaridis
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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25
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Boogerd CJ, Aneas I, Sakabe N, Dirschinger RJ, Cheng QJ, Zhou B, Chen J, Nobrega MA, Evans SM. Probing chromatin landscape reveals roles of endocardial TBX20 in septation. J Clin Invest 2016; 126:3023-35. [PMID: 27348591 DOI: 10.1172/jci85350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the T-box transcription factor TBX20 are associated with multiple forms of congenital heart defects, including cardiac septal abnormalities, but our understanding of the contributions of endocardial TBX20 to heart development remains incomplete. Here, we investigated how TBX20 interacts with endocardial gene networks to drive the mesenchymal and myocardial movements that are essential for outflow tract and atrioventricular septation. Selective ablation of Tbx20 in murine endocardial lineages reduced the expression of extracellular matrix and cell migration genes that are critical for septation. Using the assay for transposase-accessible chromatin with high-throughput sequencing (ATAC-seq), we identified accessible chromatin within endocardial lineages and intersected these data with TBX20 ChIP-seq and chromatin loop maps to determine that TBX20 binds a conserved long-range enhancer to regulate versican (Vcan) expression. We also observed reduced Vcan expression in Tbx20-deficient mice, supporting a direct role for TBX20 in Vcan regulation. Further, we show that the Vcan enhancer drove reporter gene expression in endocardial lineages in a TBX20-binding site-dependent manner. This work illuminates gene networks that interact with TBX20 to orchestrate cardiac septation and provides insight into the chromatin landscape of endocardial lineages during septation.
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Zhang H, Pu W, Li G, Huang X, He L, Tian X, Liu Q, Zhang L, Wu SM, Sucov HM, Zhou B. Endocardium Minimally Contributes to Coronary Endothelium in the Embryonic Ventricular Free Walls. Circ Res 2016; 118:1880-93. [PMID: 27056912 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.116.308749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE There is persistent uncertainty regarding the developmental origins of coronary vessels, with 2 principal sources suggested as ventricular endocardium or sinus venosus (SV). These 2 proposed origins implicate fundamentally distinct mechanisms of vessel formation. Resolution of this controversy is critical for deciphering the programs that result in the formation of coronary vessels and has implications for research on therapeutic angiogenesis. OBJECTIVE To resolve the controversy over the developmental origin of coronary vessels. METHODS AND RESULTS We first generated nuclear factor of activated T cells (Nfatc1)-Cre and Nfatc1-Dre lineage tracers for endocardium labeling. We found that Nfatc1 recombinases also label a significant portion of SV endothelial cells in addition to endocardium. Therefore, restricted endocardial lineage tracing requires a specific marker that distinguishes endocardium from SV. By single-cell gene expression analysis, we identified a novel endocardial gene natriuretic peptide receptor 3 (Npr3). Npr3 is expressed in the entirety of the endocardium but not in the SV. Genetic lineage tracing based on Npr3-CreER showed that endocardium contributes to a minority of coronary vessels in the free walls of embryonic heart. Intersectional genetic lineage tracing experiments demonstrated that endocardium minimally contributes to coronary endothelium in the embryonic ventricular free walls. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggested that SV, but not endocardium, is the major origin for coronary endothelium in the embryonic ventricular free walls. This work thus resolves the recent controversy over the developmental origin of coronary endothelium, providing the basis for studying coronary vessel formation and regeneration after injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- From the Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (H.Z., W.P., X.H., L.H., X.T., Q.L., L.Z., B.Z.) and Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences (B.Z.), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; Cardiovascular Institute, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, and Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (G.L., S.M.W.); Broad CIRM Center and Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (H.M.S.); and School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China (B.Z.)
| | - Wenjuan Pu
- From the Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (H.Z., W.P., X.H., L.H., X.T., Q.L., L.Z., B.Z.) and Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences (B.Z.), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; Cardiovascular Institute, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, and Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (G.L., S.M.W.); Broad CIRM Center and Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (H.M.S.); and School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China (B.Z.)
| | - Guang Li
- From the Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (H.Z., W.P., X.H., L.H., X.T., Q.L., L.Z., B.Z.) and Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences (B.Z.), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; Cardiovascular Institute, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, and Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (G.L., S.M.W.); Broad CIRM Center and Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (H.M.S.); and School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China (B.Z.)
| | - Xiuzhen Huang
- From the Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (H.Z., W.P., X.H., L.H., X.T., Q.L., L.Z., B.Z.) and Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences (B.Z.), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; Cardiovascular Institute, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, and Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (G.L., S.M.W.); Broad CIRM Center and Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (H.M.S.); and School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China (B.Z.)
| | - Lingjuan He
- From the Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (H.Z., W.P., X.H., L.H., X.T., Q.L., L.Z., B.Z.) and Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences (B.Z.), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; Cardiovascular Institute, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, and Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (G.L., S.M.W.); Broad CIRM Center and Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (H.M.S.); and School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China (B.Z.)
| | - Xueying Tian
- From the Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (H.Z., W.P., X.H., L.H., X.T., Q.L., L.Z., B.Z.) and Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences (B.Z.), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; Cardiovascular Institute, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, and Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (G.L., S.M.W.); Broad CIRM Center and Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (H.M.S.); and School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China (B.Z.)
| | - Qiaozhen Liu
- From the Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (H.Z., W.P., X.H., L.H., X.T., Q.L., L.Z., B.Z.) and Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences (B.Z.), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; Cardiovascular Institute, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, and Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (G.L., S.M.W.); Broad CIRM Center and Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (H.M.S.); and School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China (B.Z.)
| | - Libo Zhang
- From the Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (H.Z., W.P., X.H., L.H., X.T., Q.L., L.Z., B.Z.) and Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences (B.Z.), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; Cardiovascular Institute, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, and Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (G.L., S.M.W.); Broad CIRM Center and Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (H.M.S.); and School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China (B.Z.)
| | - Sean M Wu
- From the Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (H.Z., W.P., X.H., L.H., X.T., Q.L., L.Z., B.Z.) and Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences (B.Z.), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; Cardiovascular Institute, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, and Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (G.L., S.M.W.); Broad CIRM Center and Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (H.M.S.); and School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China (B.Z.)
| | - Henry M Sucov
- From the Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (H.Z., W.P., X.H., L.H., X.T., Q.L., L.Z., B.Z.) and Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences (B.Z.), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; Cardiovascular Institute, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, and Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (G.L., S.M.W.); Broad CIRM Center and Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (H.M.S.); and School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China (B.Z.)
| | - Bin Zhou
- From the Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (H.Z., W.P., X.H., L.H., X.T., Q.L., L.Z., B.Z.) and Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences (B.Z.), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; Cardiovascular Institute, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, and Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (G.L., S.M.W.); Broad CIRM Center and Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (H.M.S.); and School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China (B.Z.).
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Abdel-Samad D, Bkaily G, Magder S, Jacques D. ETA and ETB receptors contribute to neuropeptide Y-induced secretion of endothelin-1 in right but not left human ventricular endocardial endothelial cells. Neuropeptides 2016; 55:145-53. [PMID: 26803555 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2016.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Revised: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Our recent work showed that neuropeptide Y-induced secretion of endothelin-1 (ET-1) in left and right human ventricular endocardial endothelial cells (hLEECs or hREECs respectively) via the activation of neuropeptide Y2 or Y5 receptors depending on the cell type. The aim of this study was to verify whether hLEECs or hREECs secretion of ET-1 induced by NPY is due, in part, to the activation of ETA and/or ETB receptors by the secreted ET-1. Using the technique of indirect immunofluorescence coupled to real 3-D confocal microscopy, as well as ELISA, our results show that in hREECs, the NPY-induced release of ET-1 seems to be due, in part, to the activation of both ETA and ETB receptors. On the other hand, in hLEECs, ETA and ETB receptors do not contribute to the ET-1 released by NPY. Therefore, our results suggest that the NPY-induced release of ET-1 in EECRs is due to NPY receptor activation and the subsequent activation of the ETA and ETB receptors by the released ET-1. However, the release of ET-1 by NPY in hLEECs is mainly due to NPY receptor activation. Furthermore, this secretory process of ET-1 is different between the right and left ventricular cells and highlights the important tuning roles that right and left ventricular EECs possess as well as their contribution to the physiological and pathophysiological states of the underlying heart muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dima Abdel-Samad
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Ghassan Bkaily
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Sheldon Magder
- McGill University Health Centre, 1001 Decarie Boulevard, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Danielle Jacques
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1H 5N4, Canada.
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28
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Abstract
Recent research progress has revealed that a novel type of interstitial cells termed cardiac telocytes (CTs) is found in the interstitium of the heart. We demonstrated that CTs are distributed both longitudinally and within the cross network in the myocardium and that the density of CTs in the atrium-atria and base of the myocardium is higher than that in the middle of the myocardium, while the density of CTs in the epicardium is higher than that in the endocardium. In addition, we documented, for the first time, that the network of CTs in the infarct zone of the myocardium is destroyed during myocardial infarction (MI). This fact shows that, in addition to the death of cardiac myocytes, the previously unrecognized death of CTs is an important mechanism that contributes to the structural damage and poor healing and regeneration observed in the infarcted myocardium. Furthermore, we demonstrated, for the first time, that transplantation of CTs in cases of MI decreases the infarct size and improves myocardial function. The mechanisms behind the beneficial effects of CT transplantation are increased angiogenesis at the infarct site and the border zone, decreased fibrosis in the infarct and non-infarct zones, improved pathological reconstruction of the left ventricle, and increased regeneration of CTs in the infarct zone. Our findings reveal that CTs can be specifically identified by the following characteristics: very small cell bodies, extreme prolongation with some dilation, predisposition to cell death under ischemia, and expression of molecular markers such as c-Kit, CD34, vimentin, and PDGFR-β. CTs act as a structural and functional niche microenvironment in the myocardium and play an essential role in maintaining the integrity of the myocardium and in the regeneration of damaged myocardium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liao Zhaofu
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jinan University, No. 601, Huang Pu Da Dao Zhong, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Cai Dongqing
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jinan University, No. 601, Huang Pu Da Dao Zhong, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
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29
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Schoner A, Tyrrell C, Wu M, Gelow JM, Hayes AA, Lindner JR, Thornburg KL, Hasan W. Endocardial Endothelial Dysfunction Progressively Disrupts Initially Anti then Pro-Thrombotic Pathways in Heart Failure Mice. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0142940. [PMID: 26565707 PMCID: PMC4643996 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective An experimental model of endocardial thrombosis has not been developed and endocardial endothelial dysfunction in heart failure (HF) is understudied. We sought to determine whether disruption of the endothelial anti-coagulant activated protein C (APC) pathway in CREBA133 HF mice promotes endocardial thrombosis in the acute decompensated phase of the disease, and whether alterations in von Willebrand factor (vWF) secretion from HF endocardium reduces thrombus formation as HF stabilizes. Approach and results Echocardiography was used to follow HF development and to detect endocardial thrombi in CREBA133 mice. Endocardial thrombi incidence was confirmed with immunohistochemistry and histology. In early and acute decompensated phases of HF, CREBA133 mice had the highest incidence of endocardial thrombi and these mice also had a shorter tail-bleeding index consistent with a pro-thrombotic milieu. Both APC generation, and expression of receptors that promote APC function (thrombomodulin, endothelial protein C receptor, protein S), were suppressed in the endocardium of acute decompensated HF mice. However, in stable compensated HF mice, an attenuation occurred for vWF protein content and secretion from endocardial endothelial cells, vWF-dependent platelet agglutination (by ristocetin), and thrombin generation on the endocardial surface. Conclusions CREBA133 mice develop HF and endocardial endothelial dysfunction. Attenuation of the anti-coagulant APC pathway promotes endocardial thrombosis in early and acute decompensated phases of HF. However, in stable compensated HF mice, disruptions in endothelial vWF expression and extrusion may actually reduce the incidence of endocardial thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Schoner
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Christina Tyrrell
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Melinda Wu
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Jill M. Gelow
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Alicia A. Hayes
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Jonathan R. Lindner
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Kent L. Thornburg
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Wohaib Hasan
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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30
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Clark ES, Pepper VK, Best CA, Onwuka EA, Yi T, Tara S, Cianciolo R, Baker P, Shinoka T, Breuer CK. A mouse model of endocardial fibroelastosis. Cardiovasc Pathol 2015; 24:388-94. [PMID: 26363814 DOI: 10.1016/j.carpath.2015.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Revised: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endocardial fibroelastosis (EFE) is a pathologic condition of abnormal deposition of collagen and elastin within the endocardium of the heart. It is seen in conjunction with a variety of diseases including hypoplastic left heart syndrome and viral endocarditis. While an experimental model using heterotopic heart transplant in rats has been described, we sought to fully describe a mouse model that can be used to further elucidate the potential mechanisms of and treatments for EFE. MATERIALS AND METHODS The hearts of 2-day-old C57BL/6 mice were transplanted into the abdomen of 7-week-old C57BL/6 mice. At 2 weeks, the hearts were harvested and histologic analysis was performed using hematoxylin and eosin, Masson's trichrome, Russell-Movat's pentachrome, Picrosirius red, Hart's, Verhoeff-Van Gieson, and Weigert's Resorcin-Fuchsin stains. Additionally, one heart was analyzed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). RESULTS Specimens demonstrated abnormal accumulation of both collagen and elastin within the endocardium with occasional expansion into the myocardium. Heterogeneity in extracellular matrix deposition was noted in the histologic specimens. In addition, TEM demonstrated the presence of excess collagen within the endocardium. CONCLUSIONS The heterotopic transplantation of an immature heart into a mouse results in changes consistent with EFE. This model is appropriate to investigate the etiology and treatment of EFE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth S Clark
- Tissue Engineering Program, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Drive, Columbus, OH 43205, USA; Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, 1900 Coffey Road, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Victoria K Pepper
- Tissue Engineering Program, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Drive, Columbus, OH 43205, USA; Department of Pediatric Surgery, Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Drive, Columbus, OH 43205-2664, USA
| | - Cameron A Best
- Tissue Engineering Program, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Drive, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
| | - Ekene A Onwuka
- Tissue Engineering Program, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Drive, Columbus, OH 43205, USA; Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University, 395 W. 12th Avenue - Suite 670, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Tai Yi
- Tissue Engineering Program, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Drive, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
| | - Shuhei Tara
- Tissue Engineering Program, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Drive, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
| | - Rachel Cianciolo
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, 1900 Coffey Road, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Peter Baker
- Tissue Engineering Program, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Drive, Columbus, OH 43205, USA; Department of Pathology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Drive, Columbus, OH 43205-2664, USA
| | - Toshiharu Shinoka
- Tissue Engineering Program, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Drive, Columbus, OH 43205, USA; Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Drive, Columbus, OH 43205-2664, USA
| | - Christopher K Breuer
- Tissue Engineering Program, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Drive, Columbus, OH 43205, USA; Department of Pediatric Surgery, Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Drive, Columbus, OH 43205-2664, USA.
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31
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Miquerol L, Thireau J, Bideaux P, Sturny R, Richard S, Kelly RG. Endothelial plasticity drives arterial remodeling within the endocardium after myocardial infarction. Circ Res 2015; 116:1765-71. [PMID: 25834185 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.116.306476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Revascularization of injured, ischemic, and regenerating organs is essential to restore organ function. In the postinfarct heart, however, the mechanisms underlying the formation of new coronary arteries are poorly understood. OBJECTIVE To study vascular remodeling of coronary arteries after infarction. METHODS AND RESULTS We performed permanent left coronary ligation on Connexin40-GFP mice expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP) in endothelial cells of coronary arteries but not veins, capillaries, or endocardium. GFP(+) endothelial foci were identified within the endocardium in the infarct zone. These previously undescribed structures, termed endocardial flowers, have a distinct endothelial phenotype (Cx40(+), VEGFR2(+), and endoglin(-)) to the surrounding endocardium (Cx40(-), VEGFR2(-), and endoglin(+)). Endocardial flowers are contiguous with coronary vessels and associated with subendocardial smooth muscle cell accumulation. Genetic lineage tracing reveals extensive endothelial plasticity in the postinfarct heart, showing that endocardial flowers develop by arteriogenesis of Cx40(-) cells and by outgrowth of pre-existing coronary arteries. Finally, endocardial flowers exhibit angiogenic features, including early VEGFR2 expression and active proliferation of adjacent endocardial and smooth muscle cells. CONCLUSIONS Arterial endothelial foci within the endocardium reveal extensive endothelial cell plasticity in the infarct zone and identify the endocardium as a site of endogenous arteriogenesis and source of endothelial cells to promote vascularization in regenerative strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucile Miquerol
- From Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, IBDM UMR 7288, Marseille, France (L.M., R.S., R.G.K.); and PHYMEDEXP, Physiologie et Médecine Expérimentale Cœur et Muscles, INSERM U1046, CNRS UMR 9214, Université de Montpellier, CHU Arnaud de Villeneuve, Montpellier, France (J.T., P.B, S.R.).
| | - Jérome Thireau
- From Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, IBDM UMR 7288, Marseille, France (L.M., R.S., R.G.K.); and PHYMEDEXP, Physiologie et Médecine Expérimentale Cœur et Muscles, INSERM U1046, CNRS UMR 9214, Université de Montpellier, CHU Arnaud de Villeneuve, Montpellier, France (J.T., P.B, S.R.)
| | - Patrice Bideaux
- From Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, IBDM UMR 7288, Marseille, France (L.M., R.S., R.G.K.); and PHYMEDEXP, Physiologie et Médecine Expérimentale Cœur et Muscles, INSERM U1046, CNRS UMR 9214, Université de Montpellier, CHU Arnaud de Villeneuve, Montpellier, France (J.T., P.B, S.R.)
| | - Rachel Sturny
- From Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, IBDM UMR 7288, Marseille, France (L.M., R.S., R.G.K.); and PHYMEDEXP, Physiologie et Médecine Expérimentale Cœur et Muscles, INSERM U1046, CNRS UMR 9214, Université de Montpellier, CHU Arnaud de Villeneuve, Montpellier, France (J.T., P.B, S.R.)
| | - Sylvain Richard
- From Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, IBDM UMR 7288, Marseille, France (L.M., R.S., R.G.K.); and PHYMEDEXP, Physiologie et Médecine Expérimentale Cœur et Muscles, INSERM U1046, CNRS UMR 9214, Université de Montpellier, CHU Arnaud de Villeneuve, Montpellier, France (J.T., P.B, S.R.)
| | - Robert G Kelly
- From Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, IBDM UMR 7288, Marseille, France (L.M., R.S., R.G.K.); and PHYMEDEXP, Physiologie et Médecine Expérimentale Cœur et Muscles, INSERM U1046, CNRS UMR 9214, Université de Montpellier, CHU Arnaud de Villeneuve, Montpellier, France (J.T., P.B, S.R.)
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VanDusen NJ, Casanovas J, Vincentz JW, Firulli BA, Osterwalder M, Lopez-Rios J, Zeller R, Zhou B, Grego-Bessa J, De La Pompa JL, Shou W, Firulli AB. Hand2 is an essential regulator for two Notch-dependent functions within the embryonic endocardium. Cell Rep 2014; 9:2071-83. [PMID: 25497097 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2014.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Revised: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The basic-helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor Hand2 plays critical roles during cardiac morphogenesis via expression and function within myocardial, neural crest, and epicardial cell populations. Here, we show that Hand2 plays two essential Notch-dependent roles within the endocardium. Endocardial ablation of Hand2 results in failure to develop a patent tricuspid valve, intraventricular septum defects, and hypotrabeculated ventricles, which collectively resemble the human congenital defect tricuspid atresia. We show endocardial Hand2 to be an integral downstream component of a Notch endocardium-to-myocardium signaling pathway and a direct transcriptional regulator of Neuregulin1. Additionally, Hand2 participates in endocardium-to-endocardium-based cell signaling, with Hand2 mutant hearts displaying an increased density of coronary lumens. Molecular analyses further reveal dysregulation of several crucial components of Vegf signaling, including VegfA, VegfR2, Nrp1, and VegfR3. Thus, Hand2 functions as a crucial downstream transcriptional effector of endocardial Notch signaling during both cardiogenesis and coronary vasculogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan J VanDusen
- Riley Heart Research Center, Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Departments of Pediatrics and Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Jose Casanovas
- Riley Heart Research Center, Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Departments of Pediatrics and Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Joshua W Vincentz
- Riley Heart Research Center, Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Departments of Pediatrics and Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Beth A Firulli
- Riley Heart Research Center, Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Departments of Pediatrics and Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Marco Osterwalder
- Developmental Genetics, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Javier Lopez-Rios
- Developmental Genetics, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Rolf Zeller
- Developmental Genetics, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Bin Zhou
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Joaquim Grego-Bessa
- Department of Developmental Biology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - José Luis De La Pompa
- Cardiovascular Developmental Biology Program, Cardiovascular Development and Repair Department, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Weinian Shou
- Riley Heart Research Center, Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Departments of Pediatrics and Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Anthony B Firulli
- Riley Heart Research Center, Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Departments of Pediatrics and Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
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Dietrich AC, Lombardo VA, Veerkamp J, Priller F, Abdelilah-Seyfried S. Blood flow and Bmp signaling control endocardial chamber morphogenesis. Dev Cell 2014; 30:367-77. [PMID: 25158852 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2014.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Revised: 05/02/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
During heart development, the onset of heartbeat and blood flow coincides with a ballooning of the cardiac chambers. Here, we have used the zebrafish as a vertebrate model to characterize chamber ballooning morphogenesis of the endocardium, a specialized population of endothelial cells that line the interior of the heart. By combining functional manipulations, fate mapping studies, and high-resolution imaging, we show that endocardial growth occurs without an influx of external cells. Instead, endocardial cell proliferation is regulated, both by blood flow and by Bmp signaling, in a manner independent of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling. Similar to myocardial cells, endocardial cells obtain distinct chamber-specific and inner- versus outer-curvature-specific surface area sizes. We find that the hemodynamic-sensitive transcription factor Klf2a is involved in regulating endocardial cell morphology. These findings establish the endocardium as the flow-sensitive tissue in the heart with a key role in adapting chamber growth in response to the mechanical stimulus of blood flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Christin Dietrich
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany; Institute for Molecular Biology, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Carl-Neuberg Straße 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany; Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Rössle Straße 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Verónica A Lombardo
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany; Institute for Molecular Biology, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Carl-Neuberg Straße 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany; Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Rössle Straße 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | - Salim Abdelilah-Seyfried
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany; Institute for Molecular Biology, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Carl-Neuberg Straße 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany; Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Rössle Straße 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany.
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34
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Hua LL, Vedantham V, Barnes RM, Hu J, Robinson AS, Bressan M, Srivastava D, Black BL. Specification of the mouse cardiac conduction system in the absence of Endothelin signaling. Dev Biol 2014; 393:245-254. [PMID: 25050930 PMCID: PMC4143461 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2014.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2013] [Revised: 07/04/2014] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Coordinated contraction of the heart is essential for survival and is regulated by the cardiac conduction system. Contraction of ventricular myocytes is controlled by the terminal part of the conduction system known as the Purkinje fiber network. Lineage analyses in chickens and mice have established that the Purkinje fibers of the peripheral ventricular conduction system arise from working myocytes during cardiac development. It has been proposed, based primarily on gain-of-function studies, that Endothelin signaling is responsible for myocyte-to-Purkinje fiber transdifferentiation during avian heart development. However, the role of Endothelin signaling in mammalian conduction system development is less clear, and the development of the cardiac conduction system in mice lacking Endothelin signaling has not been previously addressed. Here, we assessed the specification of the cardiac conduction system in mouse embryos lacking all Endothelin signaling. We found that mouse embryos that were homozygous null for both ednra and ednrb, the genes encoding the two Endothelin receptors in mice, were born at predicted Mendelian frequency and had normal specification of the cardiac conduction system and apparently normal electrocardiograms with normal QRS intervals. In addition, we found that ednra expression within the heart was restricted to the myocardium while ednrb expression in the heart was restricted to the endocardium and coronary endothelium. By establishing that ednra and ednrb are expressed in distinct compartments within the developing mammalian heart and that Endothelin signaling is dispensable for specification and function of the cardiac conduction system, this work has important implications for our understanding of mammalian cardiac development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa L Hua
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158-2517, USA
| | - Vasanth Vedantham
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158-2517, USA; Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158-2517, USA; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158-2517, USA
| | - Ralston M Barnes
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158-2517, USA
| | - Jianxin Hu
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158-2517, USA
| | - Ashley S Robinson
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158-2517, USA
| | - Michael Bressan
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158-2517, USA
| | - Deepak Srivastava
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158-2517, USA; Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158-2517, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158-2517, USA
| | - Brian L Black
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158-2517, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158-2517, USA.
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Robinson AS, Materna SC, Barnes RM, De Val S, Xu SM, Black BL. An arterial-specific enhancer of the human endothelin converting enzyme 1 (ECE1) gene is synergistically activated by Sox17, FoxC2, and Etv2. Dev Biol 2014; 395:379-389. [PMID: 25179465 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2014.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Endothelin-converting enzyme-1 (Ece-1), a crucial component of the Endothelin signaling pathway, is required for embryonic development and is an important regulator of vascular tone, yet the transcriptional regulation of the ECE1 gene has remained largely unknown. Here, we define the activity and regulation of an enhancer from the human ECE1 locus in vivo. The enhancer identified here becomes active in endothelial progenitor cells shortly after their initial specification and is dependent on a conserved FOX:ETS motif, a composite binding site for Forkhead transcription factors and the Ets transcription factor Etv2, for activity in vivo. The ECE1 FOX:ETS motif is bound and cooperatively activated by FoxC2 and Etv2, but unlike other described FOX:ETS-dependent enhancers, ECE1 enhancer activity becomes restricted to arterial endothelium and endocardium by embryonic day 9.5 in transgenic mouse embryos. The ECE1 endothelial enhancer also contains an evolutionarily-conserved, consensus SOX binding site, which is required for activity in transgenic mouse embryos. Importantly, the ECE1 SOX site is bound and activated by Sox17, a transcription factor involved in endothelial cell differentiation and an important regulator of arterial identity. Moreover, the ECE1 enhancer is cooperatively activated by the combinatorial action of FoxC2, Etv2, and Sox17. Although Sox17 is required for arterial identity, few direct transcriptional targets have been identified in endothelial cells. Thus, this work has important implications for our understanding of endothelial specification and arterial subspecification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley S Robinson
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158-2517
| | - Stefan C Materna
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158-2517
| | - Ralston M Barnes
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158-2517
| | - Sarah De Val
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158-2517
| | - Shan-Mei Xu
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158-2517
| | - Brian L Black
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158-2517
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158-2517
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36
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Moore-Morris T, Guimarães-Camboa N, Banerjee I, Zambon AC, Kisseleva T, Velayoudon A, Stallcup WB, Gu Y, Dalton ND, Cedenilla M, Gomez-Amaro R, Zhou B, Brenner DA, Peterson KL, Chen J, Evans SM. Resident fibroblast lineages mediate pressure overload-induced cardiac fibrosis. J Clin Invest 2014; 124:2921-34. [PMID: 24937432 DOI: 10.1172/jci74783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 463] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2013] [Accepted: 04/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Activation and accumulation of cardiac fibroblasts, which result in excessive extracellular matrix deposition and consequent mechanical stiffness, myocyte uncoupling, and ischemia, are key contributors to heart failure progression. Recently, endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndoMT) and the recruitment of circulating hematopoietic progenitors to the heart have been reported to generate substantial numbers of cardiac fibroblasts in response to pressure overload-induced injury; therefore, these processes are widely considered to be promising therapeutic targets. Here, using multiple independent murine Cre lines and a collagen1a1-GFP fusion reporter, which specifically labels fibroblasts, we found that following pressure overload, fibroblasts were not derived from hematopoietic cells, EndoMT, or epicardial epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Instead, pressure overload promoted comparable proliferation and activation of two resident fibroblast lineages, including a previously described epicardial population and a population of endothelial origin. Together, these data present a paradigm for the origins of cardiac fibroblasts during development and in fibrosis. Furthermore, these data indicate that therapeutic strategies for reducing pathogenic cardiac fibroblasts should shift from targeting presumptive EndoMT or infiltrating hematopoietically derived fibroblasts, toward common pathways upregulated in two endogenous fibroblast populations.
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Kim JD, Kim HJ, Koun S, Ham HJ, Kim MJ, Rhee M, Huh TL. Zebrafish Crip2 plays a critical role in atrioventricular valve development by downregulating the expression of ECM genes in the endocardial cushion. Mol Cells 2014; 37:406-11. [PMID: 24823359 PMCID: PMC4044312 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2014.0072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Revised: 04/18/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The initial step of atrioventricular (AV) valve development involves the deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) components of the endocardial cushion and the endocardial-mesenchymal transition. While the appropriately regulated expression of the major ECM components, Versican and Hyaluronan, that form the endocardial cushion is important for heart valve development, the underlying mechanism that regulates ECM gene expression remains unclear. We found that zebrafish crip2 expression is restricted to a subset of cells in the AV canal (AVC) endocardium at 55 hours post-fertilization (hpf). Knockdown of crip2 induced a heart-looping defect in zebrafish embryos, although the development of cardiac chambers appeared to be normal. In the AVC of Crip2-deficient embryos, the expression of both versican a and hyaluronan synthase 2 (has2) was highly upregulated, but the expression of bone morphogenetic protein 4 (bmp4) and T-box 2b (tbx2b) in the myocardium and of notch1b in the endocardium in the AVC did not change. Taken together, these results indicate that crip2 plays an important role in AV valve development by downregulating the expression of ECM components in the endocardial cushion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Dae Kim
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology (Brain Korea 21 plus program), Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701,
Korea
- Present address: Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT,
USA
| | - Hey-Jin Kim
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology (Brain Korea 21 plus program), Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701,
Korea
| | - Soonil Koun
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology (Brain Korea 21 plus program), Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701,
Korea
| | - Hyung-Jin Ham
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology (Brain Korea 21 plus program), Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701,
Korea
| | - Myoung-Jin Kim
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology (Brain Korea 21 plus program), Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701,
Korea
| | - Myungchull Rhee
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764,
Korea
| | - Tae-Lin Huh
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology (Brain Korea 21 plus program), Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701,
Korea
- Korea Basic Science Institute Daegu Center, Daegu 702-701,
Korea
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38
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Haynes P, Nava KE, Lawson BA, Chung CS, Mitov MI, Campbell SG, Stromberg AJ, Sadayappan S, Bonnell MR, Hoopes CW, Campbell KS. Transmural heterogeneity of cellular level power output is reduced in human heart failure. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2014; 72:1-8. [PMID: 24560668 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2014.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2013] [Revised: 01/22/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Heart failure is associated with pump dysfunction and remodeling but it is not yet known if the condition affects different transmural regions of the heart in the same way. We tested the hypotheses that the left ventricles of non-failing human hearts exhibit transmural heterogeneity of cellular level contractile properties, and that heart failure produces transmural region-specific changes in contractile function. Permeabilized samples were prepared from the sub-epicardial, mid-myocardial, and sub-endocardial regions of the left ventricular free wall of non-failing (n=6) and failing (n=10) human hearts. Power, an in vitro index of systolic function, was higher in non-failing mid-myocardial samples (0.59±0.06μWmg(-1)) than in samples from the sub-epicardium (p=0.021) and the sub-endocardium (p=0.015). Non-failing mid-myocardial samples also produced more isometric force (14.3±1.33kNm(-2)) than samples from the sub-epicardium (p=0.008) and the sub-endocardium (p=0.026). Heart failure reduced power (p=0.009) and force (p=0.042) but affected the mid-myocardium more than the other transmural regions. Fibrosis increased with heart failure (p=0.021) and mid-myocardial tissue from failing hearts contained more collagen than matched sub-epicardial (p<0.001) and sub-endocardial (p=0.043) samples. Power output was correlated with the relative content of actin and troponin I, and was also statistically linked to the relative content and phosphorylation of desmin and myosin light chain-1. Non-failing human hearts exhibit transmural heterogeneity of contractile properties. In failing organs, region-specific fibrosis produces the greatest contractile deficits in the mid-myocardium. Targeting fibrosis and sarcomeric proteins in the mid-myocardium may be particularly effective therapies for heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Premi Haynes
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA; Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Kristofer E Nava
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA; Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Benjamin A Lawson
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA; Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Charles S Chung
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA; Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Mihail I Mitov
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA; Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Stuart G Campbell
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA; Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | | | - Sakthivel Sadayappan
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University, Chicago, USA
| | - Mark R Bonnell
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Charles W Hoopes
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Kenneth S Campbell
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA; Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
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39
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Abstract
During mouse heart development, ventricular endocardial cells give rise to the coronary arteries by angiogenesis. Myocardially-derived vascular endothelial growth factor-a (Vegfa) regulates embryonic coronary angiogenesis through vascular endothelial growth factor-receptor 2 (Vegfr2) expressed in the endocardium. In this study, we investigated the role of endocardially-produced soluble Vegfr1 (sVegfr1) in the coronary angiogenesis. We deleted sVegfr1 in the endocardium of the developing mouse heart and found that this deletion resulted in a precocious formation of coronary plexuses. Using an ex vivo coronary angiogenesis assay, we showed that the Vegfr1-null ventricular endocardial cells underwent excessive angiogenesis and generated extensive endothelial tubular networks. We also revealed by qPCR analysis that expression of genes involved in the Vegf-Notch pathway was augmented in the Vegfr1-null hearts. We further showed that inhibition of Notch signaling blocked the formation of coronary plexuses by the ventricular endocardial cells. These results establish that Vegfr1 produced in the endocardium negatively regulates embryonic coronary angiogenesis, possibly by limiting the Vegf-Notch signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Medical School of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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40
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Wang Y, Wu B, Chamberlain AA, Lui W, Koirala P, Susztak K, Klein D, Taylor V, Zhou B. Endocardial to myocardial notch-wnt-bmp axis regulates early heart valve development. PLoS One 2013; 8:e60244. [PMID: 23560082 PMCID: PMC3613384 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0060244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2013] [Accepted: 02/24/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Endocardial to mesenchymal transformation (EMT) is a fundamental cellular process required for heart valve formation. Notch, Wnt and Bmp pathways are known to regulate this process. To further address how these pathways coordinate in the process, we specifically disrupted Notch1 or Jagged1 in the endocardium of mouse embryonic hearts and showed that Jagged1-Notch1 signaling in the endocardium is essential for EMT and early valvular cushion formation. qPCR and RNA in situ hybridization assays reveal that endocardial Jagged1-Notch1 signaling regulates Wnt4 expression in the atrioventricular canal (AVC) endocardium and Bmp2 in the AVC myocardium. Whole embryo cultures treated with Wnt4 or Wnt inhibitory factor 1 (Wif1) show that Bmp2 expression in the AVC myocardium is dependent on Wnt activity; Wnt4 also reinstates Bmp2 expression in the AVC myocardium of endocardial Notch1 null embryos. Furthermore, while both Wnt4 and Bmp2 rescue the defective EMT resulting from Notch inhibition, Wnt4 requires Bmp for its action. These results demonstrate that Jagged1-Notch1 signaling in endocardial cells induces the expression of Wnt4, which subsequently acts as a paracrine factor to upregulate Bmp2 expression in the adjacent AVC myocardium to signal EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yidong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Bingruo Wu
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Alyssa A. Chamberlain
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Wendy Lui
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Pratistha Koirala
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Katalin Susztak
- Renal, Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Diana Klein
- Institute of Anatomy, University Hospital Essen, Essen, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
| | - Verdon Taylor
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Bin Zhou
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
- Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine (Cardiology), The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University and Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- * E-mail:
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41
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Lockhart MM, Wirrig EE, Phelps AL, Ghatnekar AV, Barth JL, Norris RA, Wessels A. Mef2c regulates transcription of the extracellular matrix protein cartilage link protein 1 in the developing murine heart. PLoS One 2013; 8:e57073. [PMID: 23468913 PMCID: PMC3582617 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0057073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2012] [Accepted: 01/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cartilage Link Protein 1 (Crtl1) is an extracellular matrix (ECM) protein that stabilizes the interaction between hyaluronan and versican and is expressed in endocardial and endocardially-derived cells in the developing heart, including cells in the atrioventricular (AV) and outflow tract (OFT) cushions. Previous investigations into the transcriptional regulation of the Crtl1 gene have shown that Sox9 regulates Crtl1 expression in both cartilage and the AV valves. The cardiac transcription factor Mef2c is involved in the regulation of gene expression in cardiac and skeletal muscle cell lineages. In this study we have investigated the potential role of Mef2c in the regulation of ECM production in the endocardial and mesenchymal cell lineages of the developing heart. We demonstrate that the Crtl1 5′ flanking region contains two highly conserved Mef2 binding sites and that Mef2c is able to bind to these sites in vivo during cardiovascular development. Additionally, we show that Crtl1 transcription is dependent on Mef2c expression in fetal mitral valve interstitial cells (VICs). Combined, these findings highlight a new role for Mef2c in cardiac development and the regulation of cardiac extracellular matrix protein expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie M. Lockhart
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Elaine E. Wirrig
- The Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Aimee L. Phelps
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Angela V. Ghatnekar
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Jeremy L. Barth
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Russell A. Norris
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Andy Wessels
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Abdel-Samad D, Perreault C, Ahmarani L, Avedanian L, Bkaily G, Magder S, D'Orléans-Juste P, Jacques D. Differences in neuropeptide Y-induced secretion of endothelin-1 in left and right human endocardial endothelial cells. Neuropeptides 2012; 46:373-82. [PMID: 23107364 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2012.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2012] [Revised: 09/01/2012] [Accepted: 09/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to test the hypothesis that neuropeptide Y (NPY) may induce endothelin-1 (ET-1) secretion in left (hLEECs) and right (hREECs) human endocardial endothelial cells. Furthermore, the type of NPY receptor implicated could be different in NPY-induced secretion in hLEECs and hREECs. Using immunofluorescence coupled to real 3D confocal microscopy and ELISA, our results showed that stimulation of secretion by NPY induced the release of ET-1 from both right and left human ventricular endocardial endothelial cells (hEECs) in a time-dependent manner. Furthermore, the secretory capacity of hREECs was higher than that of hLEECs. In addition, our results showed that the effect of NPY on ET-1 secretion in hLEECs was only due to activation of Y(5) receptors. However, the effect of NPY on ET-1 secretion in hREECs was due to mainly Y(2) and partially Y(5) receptors activation. In conclusion, our results suggest that differences in excitation-secretion coupling exist between hREECS and hLEECs which may contribute to the functional differences between right and left ventricular muscle. Furthermore, high NPY level contributes to ET-1 release by hEECs and Y(2) and Y(5) receptors antagonists may be used for regulation of ET-1 secretion in the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dima Abdel-Samad
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada J1H 5N4
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Cheng MJ, Huang PH, Liao PW, Chen JT, Chiang TR. Multiple cerebral and cerebellar infarcts as the first clinical manifestation in a patient with Churg-Strauss syndrome: case report and literature review. Acta Neurol Taiwan 2012; 21:169-175. [PMID: 23329548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Churg-Strauss syndrome (CSS) is a rare autoimmune disease with small-vessel vasculitis. Neurological manifestation of CSS is common. Central nervous system is less frequently involved than that of peripheral nervous system. CASE REPORT We report a case of 60-year-old man who presented with acute onset of right hemiparesis and impaired cognition. The presence of hypereosinophilia, asthma, sinusitis and extravascular eosinophil accumulation led to the diagnosis of Churg-Strauss syndrome. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed multiple infarcts in bilateral cerebral and cerebellar hemispheres. The neurophysiology study did not reveal peripheral neuropathy. The patient was effectively treated with methylprednisolone, cyclophosphamide and warfarin. CONCLUSION Symptoms and signs of central nervous system can be the initial neurological manifestation of CSS patients. CSS should be considered while patients have stroke and hypereosinophilia. In our patient, there is a good response to timely steroid, immunosuppressant and anticoagulant therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Ju Cheng
- Department of Neurology, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Sandoo A, Protogerou AD, Hodson J, Smith JP, Zampeli E, Sfikakis PP, Kitas GD. The role of inflammation, the autonomic nervous system and classical cardiovascular disease risk factors on subendocardial viability ratio in patients with RA: a cross-sectional and longitudinal study. Arthritis Res Ther 2012; 14:R258. [PMID: 23190682 PMCID: PMC3674609 DOI: 10.1186/ar4103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2012] [Revised: 11/12/2012] [Accepted: 11/22/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Evidence indicates that rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients have increased susceptibility to myocardial ischaemia that contributes to myocardial infarction. The subendocardial viability ratio (SEVR) can be measured using pulse wave analysis and reflects myocardial oxygen supply and demand. The objective of the present study was to examine specific predictors of SEVR in RA patients, with a specific focus on inflammation and classical cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors. METHODS Two patient cohorts were included in the study; a primary cohort consisting of 220 RA patients and a validation cohort of 127 RA patients. All patients underwent assessment of SEVR using pulse wave analysis. Thirty-one patients from the primary cohort who were about to start anti-inflammatory treatment were prospectively examined for SEVR at pretreatment baseline and 2 weeks, 3 months and 1 year following treatment. Systemic markers of disease activity and classical CVD risk factors were assessed in all patients. RESULTS The SEVR (mean ± standard deviation) for RA in the primary cohort was 148 ± 27 and in the validation cohort was 142 ± 25. Regression analyses revealed that all parameters of RA disease activity were associated with SEVR, along with gender, blood pressure and heart rate. These findings were the same in the validation cohort. Analysis of longitudinal data showed that C-reactive protein (P < 0.001), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (P < 0.005), Disease Activity Score in 28 joints (P < 0.001), mean blood pressure (P < 0.005) and augmentation index (P < 0.001) were significantly reduced after commencing anti-TNFα treatment. Increasing C-reactive protein was found to be associated with a reduction in SEVR (P = 0.02) and an increase in augmentation index (P = 0.001). CONCLUSION The present findings reveal that the SEVR is associated with markers of disease activity as well as highly prevalent classical CVD risk factors in RA, such as high blood pressure and diabetes. Further prospective studies are required to determine whether the SEVR predicts future cardiac events in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aamer Sandoo
- Department of Rheumatology, Dudley Group of Hospitals NHS Trust, Russells Hall Hospital, Dudley DY1 2HQ, UK
- School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Athanassios D Protogerou
- First Department of Propaedeutic and Internal Medicine, University Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - James Hodson
- Wolfson Computer Laboratory, University Hospital Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Mindelsohn Way, Birmingham B15 2WB, UK
| | - Jacqueline P Smith
- Department of Rheumatology, Dudley Group of Hospitals NHS Trust, Russells Hall Hospital, Dudley DY1 2HQ, UK
| | - Evi Zampeli
- First Department of Propaedeutic and Internal Medicine, University Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Petros P Sfikakis
- First Department of Propaedeutic and Internal Medicine, University Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - George D Kitas
- Department of Rheumatology, Dudley Group of Hospitals NHS Trust, Russells Hall Hospital, Dudley DY1 2HQ, UK
- School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
- Arthritis Research UK Epidemiology Unit, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
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Liu A, Yin X, Shi L, Li P, Thornburg KL, Wang R, Rugonyi S. Biomechanics of the chick embryonic heart outflow tract at HH18 using 4D optical coherence tomography imaging and computational modeling. PLoS One 2012; 7:e40869. [PMID: 22844414 PMCID: PMC3402486 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0040869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2011] [Accepted: 06/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
During developmental stages, biomechanical stimuli on cardiac cells modulate genetic programs, and deviations from normal stimuli can lead to cardiac defects. Therefore, it is important to characterize normal cardiac biomechanical stimuli during early developmental stages. Using the chicken embryo model of cardiac development, we focused on characterizing biomechanical stimuli on the Hamburger–Hamilton (HH) 18 chick cardiac outflow tract (OFT), the distal portion of the heart from which a large portion of defects observed in humans originate. To characterize biomechanical stimuli in the OFT, we used a combination of in vivo optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging, physiological measurements and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling. We found that, at HH18, the proximal portion of the OFT wall undergoes larger circumferential strains than its distal portion, while the distal portion of the OFT wall undergoes larger wall stresses. Maximal wall shear stresses were generally found on the surface of endocardial cushions, which are protrusions of extracellular matrix onto the OFT lumen that later during development give rise to cardiac septa and valves. The non-uniform spatial and temporal distributions of stresses and strains in the OFT walls provide biomechanical cues to cardiac cells that likely aid in the extensive differential growth and remodeling patterns observed during normal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiping Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Xin Yin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Liang Shi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Kent L. Thornburg
- Heart Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Ruikang Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Sandra Rugonyi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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46
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Marinaş ID, Marinaş R, Pirici I, Mogoantă L. Vascular and mesenchymal factors during heart development: a chronological study. Rom J Morphol Embryol 2012; 53:135-142. [PMID: 22395512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
As heart development is an incomplete described area, and likewise an important source of intra- and post-partum morbidity and mortality, we have aimed at analyzing both vascular and cytoskeletal factors during early heart development in humans. The distribution of CD105, CD31, α-SMA, vimentin and desmin have been studied on a series of normal human heart tissues varying between five and 33 weeks of gestational age, utilizing both enzymatic single immunohistochemistry, as well as double immunofluorescence. We showed here that CD105 is already expressed at five weeks of gestational age in the future endocardium, and that between 9 and 10 weeks it shows clear-cut formed vessels. CD31 was also present diffusely at five weeks in the myocardium, while beginning with seven weeks, endocardium and vessels were clearly positive. Contrary to what it might be expected for striated muscle cells, cardiomyocytes were α-SMA positive between 9 and 20 weeks, a time window during which the marker showed clear-cut sarcomer formation. Desmin was first detected at nine weeks lining the cardiomyocyte plasma membrane, and after 17 weeks it showed the adult-like striated pattern of the protein. As expected, vimentin was already present in the mesenchymal cells from the first investigated time point, retaining a perivascular localization only towards higher ages. This is the first study that describes these vascular, muscular and mesenchymal factors on a large series of sequential human tissues, in an attempt to shed more light on the development of heart.
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Cai X, Nomura-Kitabayashi A, Cai W, Yan J, Christoffels VM, Cai CL. Myocardial Tbx20 regulates early atrioventricular canal formation and endocardial epithelial-mesenchymal transition via Bmp2. Dev Biol 2011; 360:381-90. [PMID: 21983003 PMCID: PMC3217163 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2011.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2011] [Revised: 09/05/2011] [Accepted: 09/21/2011] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
During early embryogenesis, the formation of the cardiac atrioventricular canal (AVC) facilitates the transition of the heart from a linear tube into a chambered organ. However, the genetic pathways underlying this developmental process are poorly understood. The T-box transcription factor Tbx20 is expressed predominantly in the AVC of early heart tube. It was shown that Tbx20 activates Nmyc1 and suppresses Tbx2 expression to promote proliferation and specification of the atrial and ventricular chambers, yet it is not known if Tbx20 is involved in early AVC development. Here, we report that mice lacking Tbx20 in the AVC myocardium fail to form the AVC constriction, and the endocardial epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is severely perturbed. Tbx20 maintains expression of a variety of genes, including Bmp2, Tbx3 and Hand1 in the AVC myocardium. Intriguingly, we found Bmp2 downstream genes involved in the EMT initiation are also downregulated. In addition, re-expression of Bmp2 in the AVC myocardium substantially rescues the EMT defects resulting from the lack of Tbx20, suggesting Bmp2 is one of the key downstream targets of Tbx20 in AVC development. Our data support a complex signaling network with Tbx20 suppressing Tbx2 in the AVC myocardium but also indirectly promoting Tbx2 expression through Bmp2. The spatiotemporal expression of Tbx2 in the AVC appears to be balanced between these two opposing signals. Overall, our study provides genetic evidence that Tbx20 has essential roles in regulating AVC development that coordinate early cardiac chamber formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqiang Cai
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Center for Molecular Cardiology, the Child Health and Development Institute and the Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Aya Nomura-Kitabayashi
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Center for Molecular Cardiology, the Child Health and Development Institute and the Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Weibin Cai
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Center for Molecular Cardiology, the Child Health and Development Institute and the Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Jianyun Yan
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Center for Molecular Cardiology, the Child Health and Development Institute and the Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Vincent M. Christoffels
- Heart Failure Research Center, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Chen-Leng Cai
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Center for Molecular Cardiology, the Child Health and Development Institute and the Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
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Murphy L, Renodin D, Antzelevitch C, Di Diego JM, Cordeiro JM. Extracellular proton depression of peak and late Na⁺ current in the canine left ventricle. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2011; 301:H936-44. [PMID: 21685271 PMCID: PMC3191105 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00204.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2011] [Accepted: 06/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac ischemia reduces excitability in ventricular tissue. Acidosis (one component of ischemia) affects a number of ion currents. We examined the effects of extracellular acidosis (pH 6.6) on peak and late Na(+) current (I(Na)) in canine ventricular cells. Epicardial and endocardial myocytes were isolated, and patch-clamp techniques were used to record I(Na). Action potential recordings from left ventricular wedges exposed to acidic Tyrode solution showed a widening of the QRS complex, indicating slowing of transmural conduction. In myocytes, exposure to acidic conditions resulted in a 17.3 ± 0.9% reduction in upstroke velocity. Analysis of fast I(Na) showed that current density was similar in epicardial and endocardial cells at normal pH (68.1 ± 7.0 vs. 63.2 ± 7.1 pA/pF, respectively). Extracellular acidosis reduced the fast I(Na) magnitude by 22.7% in epicardial cells and 23.1% in endocardial cells. In addition, a significant slowing of the decay (time constant) of fast I(Na) was observed at pH 6.6. Acidosis did not affect steady-state inactivation of I(Na) or recovery from inactivation. Analysis of late I(Na) during a 500-ms pulse showed that the acidosis significantly reduced late I(Na) at 250 and 500 ms into the pulse. Using action potential clamp techniques, application of an epicardial waveform resulted in a larger late I(Na) compared with when an endocardial waveform was applied to the same cell. Acidosis caused a greater decrease in late I(Na) when an epicardial waveform was applied. These results suggest acidosis reduces both peak and late I(Na) in both cell types and contributes to the depression in cardiac excitability observed under ischemic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Murphy
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, Masonic Medical Research Laboratory, Utica, New York 13501, USA
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Korkusuz H, Esters P, Huebner F, Bug R, Ackermann H, Vogl TJ. Accuracy of cardiovascular magnetic resonance in myocarditis: comparison of MR and histological findings in an animal model. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2010; 12:49. [PMID: 20796268 PMCID: PMC2936396 DOI: 10.1186/1532-429x-12-49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2010] [Accepted: 08/26/2010] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Because endomyocardial biopsy has low sensitivity of about 20%, it can be performed near to myocardium that presented as late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) in cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR). However the important issue of comparing topography of CMR and histological findings has not yet been investigated. Thus the current study was performed using an animal model of myocarditis. RESULTS In 10 male Lewis rats experimental autoimmune myocarditis was induced, 10 rats served as control. On day 21 animals were examined by CMR to compare topographic distribution of LGE to histological inflammation. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values for LGE in diagnosing myocarditis were determined for each segment of myocardium. Latter diagnostic values varied widely depending on topographic distribution of LGE and inflammation as well as on the used CMR sequence. Sensitivity of LGE was up to 76% (left lateral myocardium) and positive predictive values were up to 85% (left lateral myocardium), whereas sensitivity and positive predictive value dropped to 0-33% (left inferior myocardium). CONCLUSIONS Topographic distribution of LGE and histological inflammation seem to influence sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values. Nevertheless, positive predictive value for LGE of up to 85% indicates that endomyocardial biopsy should be performed "MR-guided". LGE seems to have greater sensitivity than endomyocardial biopsy for the diagnosis of myocarditis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huedayi Korkusuz
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Philip Esters
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Frank Huebner
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Reinhold Bug
- Senckenberg Institute of Pathology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Hanns Ackermann
- Department of Biomathematics, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Thomas J Vogl
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
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Abstract
Discoidin Domain Receptor 2 (DDR2) is a receptor tyrosine kinase which has been shown to regulate cell migration upon binding its ligand, collagen. Expression studies determined that DDR2 mRNA and protein are present in the atrioventricular canal during epithelial-mesenchymal transformation (EMT) and the receptor is expressed in both activated endothelial and migrating mesenchymal cells in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edie C Goldsmith
- Department of Cell, Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina, School of Medicine, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
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