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Chamberlain AA, Lin M, Lister RL, Maslov AA, Wang Y, Suzuki M, Wu B, Greally JM, Zheng D, Zhou B. DNA methylation is developmentally regulated for genes essential for cardiogenesis. J Am Heart Assoc 2014; 3:e000976. [PMID: 24947998 PMCID: PMC4309105 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.114.000976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND DNA methylation is a major epigenetic mechanism altering gene expression in development and disease. However, its role in the regulation of gene expression during heart development is incompletely understood. The aim of this study is to reveal DNA methylation in mouse embryonic hearts and its role in regulating gene expression during heart development. METHODS AND RESULTS We performed the genome-wide DNA methylation profiling of mouse embryonic hearts using methyl-sensitive, tiny fragment enrichment/massively parallel sequencing to determine methylation levels at ACGT sites. The results showed that while global methylation of 1.64 million ACGT sites in developing hearts remains stable between embryonic day (E) 11.5 and E14.5, a small fraction (2901) of them exhibit differential methylation. Gene Ontology analysis revealed that these sites are enriched at genes involved in heart development. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis of 350 genes with differential DNA methylation showed that the expression of 181 genes is developmentally regulated, and 79 genes have correlative changes between methylation and expression, including hyaluronan synthase 2 (Has2). Required for heart valve formation, Has2 expression in the developing heart valves is downregulated at E14.5, accompanied with increased DNA methylation in its enhancer. Genetic knockout further showed that the downregulation of Has2 expression is dependent on DNA methyltransferase 3b, which is co-expressed with Has2 in the forming heart valve region, indicating that the DNA methylation change may contribute to the Has2 enhancer's regulating function. CONCLUSIONS DNA methylation is developmentally regulated for genes essential to heart development, and abnormal DNA methylation may contribute to congenital heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa A. Chamberlain
- Division of Hematology, Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY (A.A.C., M.L., A.A.M., Y.W., M.S., B.W., J.M.G., D.Z.)
| | - Mingyan Lin
- Division of Hematology, Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY (A.A.C., M.L., A.A.M., Y.W., M.S., B.W., J.M.G., D.Z.)
| | - Rolanda L. Lister
- Division of Hematology, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Women's Health (Maternal & Fetal Medicine), Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY (R.L.L.)
| | - Alex A. Maslov
- Division of Hematology, Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY (A.A.C., M.L., A.A.M., Y.W., M.S., B.W., J.M.G., D.Z.)
| | - Yidong Wang
- Division of Hematology, Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY (A.A.C., M.L., A.A.M., Y.W., M.S., B.W., J.M.G., D.Z.)
| | - Masako Suzuki
- Division of Hematology, Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY (A.A.C., M.L., A.A.M., Y.W., M.S., B.W., J.M.G., D.Z.)
| | - Bingruo Wu
- Division of Hematology, Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY (A.A.C., M.L., A.A.M., Y.W., M.S., B.W., J.M.G., D.Z.)
| | - John M. Greally
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY (J.M.G.)
- Division of Hematology, Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY (J.M.G.)
- Division of Hematology, Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY (A.A.C., M.L., A.A.M., Y.W., M.S., B.W., J.M.G., D.Z.)
| | - Deyou Zheng
- Division of Hematology, Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY (D.Z.)
- Division of Hematology, Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY (D.Z.)
- Division of Hematology, Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY (A.A.C., M.L., A.A.M., Y.W., M.S., B.W., J.M.G., D.Z.)
| | - Bin Zhou
- Division of Cardiology, Departments of Medicine, Pediatrics, and Genetics, and Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY (B.Z.)
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China (B.Z.)
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Wang Y, Wu B, Chamberlain AA, Lui W, Koirala P, Susztak K, Klein D, Taylor V, Zhou B. Endocardial to myocardial notch-wnt-bmp axis regulates early heart valve development. PLoS One 2013; 8:e60244. [PMID: 23560082 PMCID: PMC3613384 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0060244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2013] [Accepted: 02/24/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Endocardial to mesenchymal transformation (EMT) is a fundamental cellular process required for heart valve formation. Notch, Wnt and Bmp pathways are known to regulate this process. To further address how these pathways coordinate in the process, we specifically disrupted Notch1 or Jagged1 in the endocardium of mouse embryonic hearts and showed that Jagged1-Notch1 signaling in the endocardium is essential for EMT and early valvular cushion formation. qPCR and RNA in situ hybridization assays reveal that endocardial Jagged1-Notch1 signaling regulates Wnt4 expression in the atrioventricular canal (AVC) endocardium and Bmp2 in the AVC myocardium. Whole embryo cultures treated with Wnt4 or Wnt inhibitory factor 1 (Wif1) show that Bmp2 expression in the AVC myocardium is dependent on Wnt activity; Wnt4 also reinstates Bmp2 expression in the AVC myocardium of endocardial Notch1 null embryos. Furthermore, while both Wnt4 and Bmp2 rescue the defective EMT resulting from Notch inhibition, Wnt4 requires Bmp for its action. These results demonstrate that Jagged1-Notch1 signaling in endocardial cells induces the expression of Wnt4, which subsequently acts as a paracrine factor to upregulate Bmp2 expression in the adjacent AVC myocardium to signal EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yidong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Bingruo Wu
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Alyssa A. Chamberlain
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Wendy Lui
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Pratistha Koirala
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Katalin Susztak
- Renal, Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Diana Klein
- Institute of Anatomy, University Hospital Essen, Essen, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
| | - Verdon Taylor
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Bin Zhou
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
- Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine (Cardiology), The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University and Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- * E-mail:
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Wu B, Zhang Z, Lui W, Chen X, Wang Y, Chamberlain AA, Moreno-Rodriguez RA, Markwald RR, O'Rourke BP, Sharp DJ, Zheng D, Lenz J, Baldwin HS, Chang CP, Zhou B. Endocardial cells form the coronary arteries by angiogenesis through myocardial-endocardial VEGF signaling. Cell 2013. [PMID: 23178125 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2012.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 271] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The origins and developmental mechanisms of coronary arteries are incompletely understood. We show here by fate mapping, clonal analysis, and immunohistochemistry that endocardial cells generate the endothelium of coronary arteries. Dye tracking, live imaging, and tissue transplantation also revealed that ventricular endocardial cells are not terminally differentiated; instead, they are angiogenic and form coronary endothelial networks. Myocardial Vegf-a or endocardial Vegfr-2 deletion inhibited coronary angiogenesis and arterial formation by ventricular endocardial cells. In contrast, lineage and knockout studies showed that endocardial cells make a small contribution to the coronary veins, the formation of which is independent of myocardial-to-endocardial Vegf signaling. Thus, contrary to the current view of a common source for the coronary vessels, our findings indicate that the coronary arteries and veins have distinct origins and are formed by different mechanisms. This information may help develop better cell therapies for coronary artery disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingruo Wu
- Departments of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
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