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Ghatak S, Hascall VC, Karamanos N, Markwald RR, Misra S. Chemotherapy induces feedback up-regulation of CD44v6 in colorectal cancer initiating cells through β-catenin/MDR1 signaling to sustain chemoresistance. Front Oncol 2022; 12:906260. [PMID: 36330477 PMCID: PMC9623568 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.906260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemoresistance in colorectal cancer initiating cells (CICs) involves the sustained activation of multiple drug resistance (MDR) and WNT/β-catenin signaling pathways, as well as of alternatively spliced-isoforms of CD44 containing variable exon-6 (CD44v6). In spite of its importance, mechanisms underlying the sustained activity of WNT/β-catenin signaling have remained elusive. The presence of binding elements of the β-catenin-interacting transcription factor TCF4 in the MDR1 and CD44 promoters suggests that crosstalk between WNT/β-catenin/TCF4-activation and the expression of the CD44v6 isoform mediated by FOLFOX, a first-line chemotherapeutic agent for colorectal cancer, could be a fundamental mechanism of FOLFOX resistance. Our results identify that FOLFOX treatment induced WNT3A secretion, which stimulated a positive feedback loop coupling β-catenin signaling and CD44v6 splicing. In conjunction with FOLFOX induced WNT3A signal, specific CD44v6 variants produced by alternative splicing subsequently enhance the late wave of WNT/β-catenin activation to facilitate cell cycle progression. Moreover, we revealed that FOLFOX-mediated sustained WNT signal requires the formation of a CD44v6-LRP6-signalosome in caveolin microdomains, which leads to increased FOLFOX efflux. FOLFOX-resistance in colorectal CICs occurs in the absence of tumor-suppressor disabled-2 (DAB2), an inhibitor of WNT/β-catenin signaling. Conversely, in sensitive cells, DAB2 inhibition of WNT-signaling requires interaction with a clathrin containing CD44v6-LRP6-signalosome. Furthermore, full-length CD44v6, once internalized through the caveolin-signalosome, is translocated to the nucleus where in complex with TCF4, it binds to β-catenin/TCF4-regulated MDR1, or to CD44 promoters, which leads to FOLFOX-resistance and CD44v6 transcription through transcriptional-reprogramming. These findings provide evidence that targeting CD44v6-mediated LRP6/β-catenin-signaling and drug efflux may represent a novel approach to overcome FOLFOX resistance and inhibit tumor progression in colorectal CICs. Thus, sustained drug resistance in colorectal CICs is mediated by overexpression of CD44v6, which is both a functional biomarker and a therapeutic target in colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shibnath Ghatak
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
- Department Natural Sciences, Trident Technical College, North Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Vincent C. Hascall
- Department of Biomedical Engineering/ND20, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Nikos Karamanos
- University of Patras, Matrix Pathobiology Res. Group, Department of Chemistry, Patras, Greece
| | - Roger R. Markwald
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Suniti Misra
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
- Department Natural Sciences, Trident Technical College, North Charleston, SC, United States
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Ghatak S, Hascall VC, Karamanos N, Markwald RR, Misra S. Interplay Between Chemotherapy-Activated Cancer Associated Fibroblasts and Cancer Initiating Cells Expressing CD44v6 Promotes Colon Cancer Resistance. Front Oncol 2022; 12:906415. [PMID: 35982950 PMCID: PMC9380598 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.906415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer-initiating cells (CICs) drive colorectal tumor growth by their supportive niches where CICs interact with multiple cell types within the microenvironment, including cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). We investigated the interplay between the CICs and the clinically relevant chemotherapeutic FOLFOX that creates the persistent tumorigenic properties of colorectal CICs, and stimulates the microenvironmental factors derived from the CAFs. We found that the CICs expressing an immunophenotype (CD44v6[+]) promote FOLFOX-resistance and that the CIC-immunophenotype was enhanced by factors secreted by CAFs after FOLFOX treatment These secreted factors included periostin, IL17A and WNT3A, which induced CD44v6 expression by activating WNT3A/β-catenin signaling. Blocking the interaction between CICs with any of these CAF-derived factors through tissue-specific conditional silencing of CD44v6 significantly reduced colorectal tumorigenic potential. To achieve this, we generated two unique vectors (floxed-pSico-CD44v6 shRNA plus Fabpl-Cre) that were encapsulated into transferrin coated PEG-PEI/(nanoparticles), which when introduced in vivo reduced tumor growth more effectively than using CD44v6-blocking antibodies. Notably, this tissue-specific conditional silencing of CD44v6 resulted in long lasting effects on self-renewal and tumor growth associated with a positive feedback loop linking WNT3A signaling and alternative-splicing of CD44. These findings have crucial clinical implications suggesting that therapeutic approaches for modulating tumor growth that currently focus on cell-autonomous mechanisms may be too limited and need to be broadened to include mechanisms that recognize the interplay between the stromal factors and the subsequent CIC-immunophenotype enrichment. Thus, more specific therapeutic approaches may be required to block a chemotherapy induced remodeling of a microenvironment that acts as a paracrine regulator to enrich CD44v6 (+) in colorectal CICs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shibnath Ghatak
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
- Department Natural Sciences, Trident Technical College, North Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Vincent C. Hascall
- Department of Biomedical Engineering/ND20, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Nikos Karamanos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Patras, Greece
| | - Roger R. Markwald
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Suniti Misra
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
- Department Natural Sciences, Trident Technical College, North Charleston, SC, United States
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3
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Cogswell D, Bisesi P, Markwald RR, Cruickshank-Quinn C, Quinn K, McHill A, Melanson EL, Reisdorph N, Wright KP, Depner CM. Identification of a Preliminary Plasma Metabolome-based Biomarker for Circadian Phase in Humans. J Biol Rhythms 2021; 36:369-383. [PMID: 34182829 PMCID: PMC9134127 DOI: 10.1177/07487304211025402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Measuring individual circadian phase is important to diagnose and treat circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders and circadian misalignment, inform chronotherapy, and advance circadian science. Initial findings using blood transcriptomics to predict the circadian phase marker dim-light melatonin onset (DLMO) show promise. Alternatively, there are limited attempts using metabolomics to predict DLMO and no known omics-based biomarkers predict dim-light melatonin offset (DLMOff). We analyzed the human plasma metabolome during adequate and insufficient sleep to predict DLMO and DLMOff using one blood sample. Sixteen (8 male/8 female) healthy participants aged 22.4 ± 4.8 years (mean ± SD) completed an in-laboratory study with 3 baseline days (9 h sleep opportunity/night), followed by a randomized cross-over protocol with 9-h adequate sleep and 5-h insufficient sleep conditions, each lasting 5 days. Blood was collected hourly during the final 24 h of each condition to independently determine DLMO and DLMOff. Blood samples collected every 4 h were analyzed by untargeted metabolomics and were randomly split into training (68%) and test (32%) sets for biomarker analyses. DLMO and DLMOff biomarker models were developed using partial least squares regression in the training set followed by performance assessments using the test set. At baseline, the DLMOff model showed the highest performance (0.91 R2 and 1.1 ± 1.1 h median absolute error ± interquartile range [MdAE ± IQR]), with significantly (p < 0.01) lower prediction error versus the DLMO model. When all conditions (baseline, 9 h, and 5 h) were included in performance analyses, the DLMO (0.60 R2; 2.2 ± 2.8 h MdAE; 44% of the samples with an error under 2 h) and DLMOff (0.62 R2; 1.8 ± 2.6 h MdAE; 51% of the samples with an error under 2 h) models were not statistically different. These findings show promise for metabolomics-based biomarkers of circadian phase and highlight the need to test biomarkers that predict multiple circadian phase markers under different physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Cogswell
- Sleep and Chronobiology Laboratory, University of Colorado, Boulder, Boulder, Colorado
| | - P Bisesi
- Sleep and Chronobiology Laboratory, University of Colorado, Boulder, Boulder, Colorado
| | - R R Markwald
- Sleep and Chronobiology Laboratory, University of Colorado, Boulder, Boulder, Colorado
| | - C Cruickshank-Quinn
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - K Quinn
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - A McHill
- Sleep and Chronobiology Laboratory, University of Colorado, Boulder, Boulder, Colorado
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - E L Melanson
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
- Eastern Colorado Veterans Affairs Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Denver, Colorado
| | - N Reisdorph
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - K P Wright
- Sleep and Chronobiology Laboratory, University of Colorado, Boulder, Boulder, Colorado
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - C M Depner
- Sleep and Chronobiology Laboratory, University of Colorado, Boulder, Boulder, Colorado
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
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4
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Misra S, Ghatak S, Moreno-Rodriguez RA, Norris RA, Hascall VC, Markwald RR. Periostin/Filamin-A: A Candidate Central Regulatory Axis for Valve Fibrogenesis and Matrix Compaction. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:649862. [PMID: 34150753 PMCID: PMC8209548 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.649862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Discoveries in the identification of transcription factors, growth factors and extracellular signaling molecules have led to the detection of downstream targets that modulate valvular tissue organization that occurs during development, aging, or disease. Among these, matricellular protein, periostin, and cytoskeletal protein filamin A are highly expressed in developing heart valves. The phenotype of periostin null indicates that periostin promotes migration, survival, and differentiation of valve interstitial cushion cells into fibroblastic lineages necessary for postnatal valve remodeling/maturation. Genetically inhibiting filamin A expression in valve interstitial cushion cells mirrored the phenotype of periostin nulls, suggesting a molecular interaction between these two proteins resulted in poorly remodeled valve leaflets that might be prone to myxomatous over time. We examined whether filamin A has a cross-talk with periostin/signaling that promotes remodeling of postnatal heart valves into mature leaflets. RESULTS We have previously shown that periostin/integrin-β1 regulates Pak1 activation; here, we revealed that the strong interaction between Pak1 and filamin A proteins was only observed after stimulation of VICs with periostin; suggesting that periostin/integrin-β-mediated interaction between FLNA and Pak1 may have a functional role in vivo. We found that FLNA phosphorylation (S2152) is activated by Pak1, and this interaction was observed after stimulation with periostin/integrin-β1/Cdc42/Rac1 signaling; consequently, FLNA binding to Pak1 stimulates its kinase activity. Patients with floppy and/or prolapsed mitral valves, when genetically screened, were found to have point mutations in the filamin A gene at P637Q and G288R. Expression of either of these filamin A mutants failed to increase the magnitude of filamin A (S2152) expression, Pak1-kinase activity, actin polymerization, and differentiation of VICs into mature mitral valve leaflets in response to periostin signaling. CONCLUSION PN-stimulated bidirectional interaction between activated FLNA and Pak1 is essential for actin cytoskeletal reorganization and the differentiation of immature VICs into mature valve leaflets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suniti Misra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Shibnath Ghatak
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Ricardo A. Moreno-Rodriguez
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Russell A. Norris
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Vincent C. Hascall
- Department of Biomedical Engineering/ND20, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Roger R. Markwald
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
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5
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Toomer KA, Yu M, Fulmer D, Guo L, Moore KS, Moore R, Drayton KD, Glover J, Peterson N, Ramos-Ortiz S, Drohan A, Catching BJ, Stairley R, Wessels A, Lipschutz JH, Delling FN, Jeunemaitre X, Dina C, Collins RL, Brand H, Talkowski ME, Del Monte F, Mukherjee R, Awgulewitsch A, Body S, Hardiman G, Hazard ES, da Silveira WA, Wang B, Leyne M, Durst R, Markwald RR, Le Scouarnec S, Hagege A, Le Tourneau T, Kohl P, Rog-Zielinska EA, Ellinor PT, Levine RA, Milan DJ, Schott JJ, Bouatia-Naji N, Slaugenhaupt SA, Norris RA. Primary cilia defects causing mitral valve prolapse. Sci Transl Med 2020; 11:11/493/eaax0290. [PMID: 31118289 PMCID: PMC7331025 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aax0290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mitral valve prolapse (MVP) affects 1 in 40 people and is the most common indication for mitral valve surgery. MVP can cause arrhythmias, heart failure, and sudden cardiac death, and to date, the causes of this disease are poorly understood. We now demonstrate that defects in primary cilia genes and their regulated pathways can cause MVP in familial and sporadic nonsyndromic MVP cases. Our expression studies and genetic ablation experiments confirmed a role for primary cilia in regulating ECM deposition during cardiac development. Loss of primary cilia during development resulted in progressive myxomatous degeneration and profound mitral valve pathology in the adult setting. Analysis of a large family with inherited, autosomal dominant nonsyndromic MVP identified a deleterious missense mutation in a cilia gene, DZIP1 A mouse model harboring this variant confirmed the pathogenicity of this mutation and revealed impaired ciliogenesis during development, which progressed to adult myxomatous valve disease and functional MVP. Relevance of primary cilia in common forms of MVP was tested using pathway enrichment in a large population of patients with MVP and controls from previously generated genome-wide association studies (GWAS), which confirmed the involvement of primary cilia genes in MVP. Together, our studies establish a developmental basis for MVP through altered cilia-dependent regulation of ECM and suggest that defects in primary cilia genes can be causative to disease phenotype in some patients with MVP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katelynn A Toomer
- Cardiovascular Developmental Biology Center, Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Children's Research Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, 171 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Mengyao Yu
- INSERM, UMR-970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, 75015 Paris, France.,Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculty of Medicine, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Diana Fulmer
- Cardiovascular Developmental Biology Center, Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Children's Research Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, 171 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Lilong Guo
- Cardiovascular Developmental Biology Center, Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Children's Research Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, 171 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Kelsey S Moore
- Cardiovascular Developmental Biology Center, Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Children's Research Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, 171 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Reece Moore
- Cardiovascular Developmental Biology Center, Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Children's Research Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, 171 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Ka'la D Drayton
- Cardiovascular Developmental Biology Center, Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Children's Research Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, 171 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Janiece Glover
- Cardiovascular Developmental Biology Center, Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Children's Research Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, 171 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Neal Peterson
- Cardiovascular Developmental Biology Center, Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Children's Research Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, 171 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Sandra Ramos-Ortiz
- Cardiovascular Developmental Biology Center, Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Children's Research Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, 171 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Alex Drohan
- Cardiovascular Developmental Biology Center, Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Children's Research Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, 171 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Breiona J Catching
- Cardiovascular Developmental Biology Center, Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Children's Research Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, 171 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Rebecca Stairley
- Cardiovascular Developmental Biology Center, Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Children's Research Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, 171 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Andy Wessels
- Cardiovascular Developmental Biology Center, Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Children's Research Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, 171 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Joshua H Lipschutz
- Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.,Department of Medicine, Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC 29401, USA
| | - Francesca N Delling
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Xavier Jeunemaitre
- INSERM, UMR-970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, 75015 Paris, France.,Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculty of Medicine, 75006 Paris, France.,Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Département de Génétique, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Christian Dina
- INSERM, CNRS, Univ Nantes, L'Institut du Thorax, Nantes 44093, France.,CHU Nantes, L'Institut du Thorax, Service de Cardiologie, Nantes 44093, France
| | - Ryan L Collins
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Harvard Medical School, 185 Cambridge St., Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Harrison Brand
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Harvard Medical School, 185 Cambridge St., Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Michael E Talkowski
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Harvard Medical School, 185 Cambridge St., Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Federica Del Monte
- Gazes Cardiac Research Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Rupak Mukherjee
- Gazes Cardiac Research Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Alexander Awgulewitsch
- Cardiovascular Developmental Biology Center, Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Children's Research Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, 171 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Simon Body
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Gary Hardiman
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, 135 Cannon Street, Suite 303 MSC 835, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.,Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences School of Biological Sciences, Institute for Global Food Security (IGFS), Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, BT7 1NN, UK
| | - E Starr Hazard
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, 135 Cannon Street, Suite 303 MSC 835, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Willian A da Silveira
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, 135 Cannon Street, Suite 303 MSC 835, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Baolin Wang
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Maire Leyne
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Harvard Medical School, 185 Cambridge St., Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Ronen Durst
- Cardiology Division, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, POB 12000, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Roger R Markwald
- Cardiovascular Developmental Biology Center, Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Children's Research Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, 171 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | | | - Albert Hagege
- INSERM, UMR-970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, 75015 Paris, France.,Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculty of Medicine, 75006 Paris, France.,Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Department of Cardiology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Thierry Le Tourneau
- INSERM, CNRS, Univ Nantes, L'Institut du Thorax, Nantes 44093, France.,CHU Nantes, L'Institut du Thorax, Service de Cardiologie, Nantes 44093, France
| | - Peter Kohl
- University Heart Center Freiburg, Bad Krozingen and Faculty of Medicine of the Albert-Ludwigs University Freiburg, Institute for Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine, Elsässerstr 2Q, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Eva A Rog-Zielinska
- University Heart Center Freiburg, Bad Krozingen and Faculty of Medicine of the Albert-Ludwigs University Freiburg, Institute for Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine, Elsässerstr 2Q, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Patrick T Ellinor
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Robert A Levine
- Cardiac Ultrasound Laboratory, Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - David J Milan
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA.,Leducq Foundation, 265 Franklin Street, Suite 1902, Boston, MA, 02110, USA
| | - Jean-Jacques Schott
- INSERM, CNRS, Univ Nantes, L'Institut du Thorax, Nantes 44093, France.,CHU Nantes, L'Institut du Thorax, Service de Cardiologie, Nantes 44093, France
| | - Nabila Bouatia-Naji
- INSERM, UMR-970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, 75015 Paris, France.,Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculty of Medicine, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Susan A Slaugenhaupt
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Harvard Medical School, 185 Cambridge St., Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Russell A Norris
- Cardiovascular Developmental Biology Center, Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Children's Research Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, 171 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
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6
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Chinoy ED, Hirsch DA, Cuellar JA, Snider MN, Dunn TL, Brookfield JS, Markwald RR. 0097 Effects of Experimental Sleep Disruption on Morning Cognitive Performance and Alertness. Sleep 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsaa056.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
While sleep duration is known to affect next-day cognitive performance and alertness, largely in a dose-response manner, the effects of disrupted sleep (where one is awoken multiple times overnight, common in military settings) are much less understood. Therefore, we examined the effects of experimentally disrupted sleep on morning cognitive performance and alertness.
Methods
We tested 34 healthy participants (12 men, 22 women, 28.1±3.9 years; mean±SD) who slept for 8-hours time-in-bed on three consecutive nights with polysomnography in a controlled sleep lab. The final two nights were randomized and counterbalanced between an undisrupted and a disrupted sleep condition. On the disrupted sleep night, participants were awoken by auditory tones for a 5–10 min period every hour. The following morning, participants completed a cognitive test battery that included Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (KSS), 10-min psychomotor vigilance task (PVT), addition calculations (ADD), go/no-go (GNG), task switching (TS), and working memory (WM). Mixed effects models were used to test factors: condition (undisrupted vs. disrupted), condition-order, and their interaction.
Results
Significant (p<0.05) effects of condition (i.e., disrupted sleep caused worse performance) were found for PVT reaction time (RT), GNG RT, TS RT, WM percent correct, and KSS alertness ratings. Condition was not significant for number or percent correct on ADD, GNG, and TS. Condition-order was significant for TS percent correct, and significant interactions were found for ADD number correct and TS RT.
Conclusion
One night of sleep disruption caused significant negative effects on morning subjective alertness and on several, but not all, cognitive performance domains tested, including RT and WM. Condition-order and interaction effects were also found, indicating that some performance outcomes were impacted by possible learning effects over the study. Sleep disruption factors should be taken into account, especially in operational settings like the military where environmental factors (e.g., noise) disrupt sleeping conditions.
Support
Office of Naval Research, Code 34
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Affiliation(s)
- E D Chinoy
- Naval Health Research Center, San Diego, CA
- Leidos Inc., San Diego, CA
| | - D A Hirsch
- Naval Health Research Center, San Diego, CA
| | - J A Cuellar
- Naval Health Research Center, San Diego, CA
- Leidos Inc., San Diego, CA
| | - M N Snider
- Naval Health Research Center, San Diego, CA
- Innovative Employee Solutions, San Diego, CA
| | - T L Dunn
- Naval Health Research Center, San Diego, CA
- Leidos Inc., San Diego, CA
| | - J S Brookfield
- Naval Health Research Center, San Diego, CA
- Leidos Inc., San Diego, CA
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7
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Cogswell DT, Bisesi PJ, Markwald RR, Cruickshank-Quinn C, Quinn K, McHill AW, Melanson EL, Reisdorph N, Wright KP, Depner CM. 0050 Identification of a Plasma Metabolome-Based Biomarker for Dim-Light Melatonin Offset and Onset in Humans. Sleep 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsaa056.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
Easily measuring individual circadian timing is increasingly important to inform personalized chronotherapy, screen for circadian disorders and circadian misalignment, and advance circadian research. Findings from multiple studies show that transcriptomics is a viable method to estimate dim-light melatonin onset (DLMO), but no published omics-based findings have predicted dim-light melatonin offset (DLMOff), and only one known study has used metabolomics to predict DLMO. Here, we developed and tested a plasma metabolomics-based biomarker of circadian phase using DLMO and DLMOff as phase markers.
Methods
Sixteen (8M/8F) healthy participants aged 22.4 ± 4.8y (mean ± SD) completed an in-laboratory study with 3 baseline days (9h sleep opportunity/night), followed by a randomized cross-over protocol with 9h sleep and 5h sleep conditions, each lasting 5 days. Blood was collected every 4h on the final 24h of each condition for untargeted metabolomics analyses. DLMO and DLMOff were determined during the final 24h of each condition. Samples from all conditions were randomly split into training (68%) and test (32%) datasets. DLMO and DLMOff models were developed using partial least squares regression in the training dataset and validated in the test dataset.
Results
When validating with the test dataset, R2 for the DLMO model was 0.60, median absolute error (MdAE) was 2.2 ± 2.8h (± interquartile range), and 44% of samples had MdAE under 2h. R2 for the DLMOff model was 0.62, MdAE was 1.8 ± 2.6, and 51% of samples had MdAE under 2h. The DLMOff model predicted baseline samples, under conditions of 9h sleep and controlled food intake, with an R2 of 0.91 and MdAE 1.1 ± 1.1h.
Conclusion
These findings show promise for metabolomics-based biomarkers of circadian phase and highlight the need for biomarker efforts to predict multiple circadian phase markers. Additional analyses with an independent validation dataset will help advance these initial findings.
Support
NIH-R01HL085705, NIH-R01HL109706, NIH-R01HL132150, NIH-K01HL145099, NIH-F32DK111161, and NIH-UL1TR000154; and Sleep Research Society Foundation 011-JP-16;
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Affiliation(s)
| | - P J Bisesi
- University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO
| | | | | | - K Quinn
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - A W McHill
- University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO
| | - E L Melanson
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - N Reisdorph
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - K P Wright
- University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO
| | - C M Depner
- University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO
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8
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Dahlquist DT, Chinoy ED, Markwald RR, Chabal SA. 0284 The Effects of a Circadian-Aligned Watchbill Shift Work Schedule on Sleep Quality and Quantity in U.S. Navy Submarine Personnel. Sleep 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsaa056.282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
Prior to 2014, the U.S. Navy Submarine Force operated on a non-circadian-aligned watchbill shift work schedule (18-hour day-length) that resulted in insufficient sleep. For instance, prior research reported that submariners received insufficient sleep on this schedule, and modest sleep restrictions can adversely affect performance, alertness, and, ultimately, negatively impact mission outcomes. Thus, the present study characterized sleep patterns of submariners operating on a newer, circadian-aligned 24-hour day-length watchbill.
Methods
Submariners (n=58; 27.8±5.9 years) of various ranks volunteered from a U.S. Navy submarine. Submariners wore a research-grade actigraphy watch over a 30-day underway mission, for objective sleep measurement of time in bed (TIB), total sleep time (TST), and sleep efficiency (SE). Subjective sleep was measured from questionnaires (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index [PSQI], Insomnia Severity Index [ISI], Profile of Mood States [POMS-fatigue subscale]) that were taken pre- and post-underway.
Results
Compared with pre-underway, at post-underway submariners reported significantly higher scores on the ISI, PSQI global sleep quality, and POMS-fatigue (all p<0.05, indicating worse sleep and fatigue ratings). According to actigraphy, submariners acquired on average 6.7±1.0 hours TST, 7.5±1.1 hours TIB, and 88.9±3.9 % SE per day throughout the underway mission. Actigraphy-determined TIB and TST were variable compared with PSQI self-reported TIB and TST.
Conclusion
Study results indicate that submariners experience modest sleep restriction on a newly implemented 24-hour watchbill, which is an improvement in sleep relative to prior assessments of the former standard 18-hour watchbill. However, submariners endorsed lower sleep quality and higher fatigue levels from a month-long underway mission. This study is one of the first examinations of sleep under the 24-hour watchbill mandate that was instated in 2014. Future studies should further evaluate sleep and test fatigue mitigation strategies in different shift configurations of the 24-hour watchbill.
Support
Joint Program Committee-5 Fatigue Mechanisms and Countermeasures Working Group
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Affiliation(s)
- D T Dahlquist
- Naval Health Research Center, San Diego, CA
- Leidos Inc., San Diego, CA
| | - E D Chinoy
- Naval Health Research Center, San Diego, CA
- Leidos Inc., San Diego, CA
| | | | - S A Chabal
- Naval Submarine Medical Research Laboratory, Groton, CT
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9
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Ghatak S, Misra S, Moreno-Rodrigue RA, Hascall VC, Leone GW, Markwald RR. Periostin/β1integrin interaction regulates p21-activated kinases in valvular interstitial cell survival and in actin cytoskeleton reorganization. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2019; 1863:813-829. [PMID: 30742951 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2018.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The matricellular protein periostin (PN) promotes postnatal valve remodeling and maturation. Incomplete remodeling of the valve can trigger degenerative processes that lead to a myxomatous phenotype that includes loss of PN. However, signaling pathways involved that link valvular-interstitial-fibroblast cells (VICs) to proliferation, migration and actin remodeling functions are unclear. The p21-activated kinases (Paks) have been shown to regulate cytoskeleton rearrangements and cell proliferation/adhesion/migration functions in a variety of cellular contexts, including normal cells and cancer cells. This study shows that Pak1, but not Pak2 and Pak4, is a critical mediator of VIC survival and actin organization, and that the molecular signaling regulating actin-remodeling is initiated upon PN/beta-integrin-induced phosphorylation of the focal-adhesion-kinase (Fak) (Y397). Molecular and pharmacological inhibition of key components of PN/Fak/Akt1 signaling abolished the PN-induced actin polymerization and the activation of mTOR, p70S6K and Pak1. Similarly, blocking mTOR inhibited p70S6K, Pak1 phosphorylation and consequently actin-polymerization. Accordingly, inhibiting p70S6K blocked Pak1 phosphorylation and actin polymerization, and subsequently inhibited adhesion and growth of VICs. Periostin-induced Akt1 activation of Pak1 is independent of Cdc42 and Rac1 GTPases, and Akt1 is both downstream and upstream of Pak1. Further, the PN-Pak1-induced Akt1 protects cells from apoptosis through suppression of transcriptional activation of Forkhead-Transcription-Factor (FKHR). In contrast, kinase deficient Pak1 increases apoptosis by increasing FKHR-mediated transcriptional activation. These studies define new functional significance of PN-Fak-Akt1-Pak1 signaling that at least partly regulates Akt1-induced actin polymerization and FKHR-mediated transcriptional activation, which may eventually regulate the mature-valve-leaflet remodeling function, and also FKHR-mediated transcriptional activation for pro-survival of VICs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shibnath Ghatak
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, 86 Jonathan Lucas St, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Suniti Misra
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, 86 Jonathan Lucas St, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
| | - Ricardo A Moreno-Rodrigue
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Vincent C Hascall
- Department of Biomedical Engineering/ND20, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Gustavo W Leone
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, 86 Jonathan Lucas St, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Roger R Markwald
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA..
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10
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Abstract
Although periostin plays a significant role in adult cardiac remodeling diseases, the focus of this review is on periostin as a valvulogenic gene. Periostin is expressed throughout valvular development, initially being expressed in endocardial endothelial cells that have been activated to transform into prevalvular mesenchyme termed "cushion tissues" that sustain expression of periostin throughout their morphogenesis into mature (compacted) valve leaflets. The phenotype of periostin null indicates that periostin is not required for endocardial transformation nor the proliferation of its mesenchymal progeny but rather promotes cellular behaviors that promote migration, survival (anti-apoptotic), differentiation into fibroblastic lineages, collagen secretion and postnatal remodeling/maturation. These morphogenetic activities are promoted or coordinated by periostin signaling through integrin receptors activating downstream kinases in cushion cells that activate hyaluronan synthetase II (Akt/PI3K), collagen synthesis (Erk/MapK) and changes in cytoskeletal organization (Pak1) which regulate postnatal remodeling of cells and associated collagenous matrix into a trilaminar (zonal) histoarchitecture. Pak1 binding to filamin A is proposed as one mechanism by which periostin supports remodeling. The failure to properly remodel cushions sets up a trajectory of degenerative (myxomatous-like) changes that over time reduce biomechanical properties and increase chances for prolapse, regurgitation or calcification of the leaflets. Included in the review are considerations of lineage diversity and the role of periostin as a determinant of mesenchymal cell fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger R Markwald
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina CRI 609, Charleston, SC, USA.
| | - Ricardo A Moreno-Rodriguez
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina CRI 609, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Sibnath Ghatak
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina CRI 609, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Suniti Misra
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina CRI 609, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Russell A Norris
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina CRI 609, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Yukiko Sugi
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina CRI 609, Charleston, SC, USA
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11
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Ghatak S, Hascall VC, Markwald RR, Feghali-Bostwick C, Artlett CM, Gooz M, Bogatkevich GS, Atanelishvili I, Silver RM, Wood J, Thannickal VJ, Misra S. Transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1)-induced CD44V6-NOX4 signaling in pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:10490-10519. [PMID: 28389561 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.752469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2016] [Revised: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive clinical syndrome of fatal outcome. The lack of information about the signaling pathways that sustain fibrosis and the myofibroblast phenotype has prevented the development of targeted therapies for IPF. Our previous study showed that isolated fibrogenic lung fibroblasts have high endogenous levels of the hyaluronan receptor, CD44V6 (CD44 variant containing exon 6), which enhances the TGFβ1 autocrine signaling and induces fibroblasts to transdifferentiate into myofibroblasts. NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4) enzyme, which catalyzes the reduction of O2 to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), has been implicated in the cardiac and lung myofibroblast phenotype. However, whether CD44V6 regulates NOX4 to mediate tissue repair and fibrogenesis is not well-defined. The present study assessed the mechanism of how TGF-β-1-induced CD44V6 regulates the NOX4/reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling that mediates the myofibroblast differentiation. Specifically, we found that NOX4/ROS regulates hyaluronan synthesis and the transcription of CD44V6 via an effect upon AP-1 activity. Further, CD44V6 is part of a positive-feedback loop with TGFβ1/TGFβRI signaling that acts to increase NOX4/ROS production, which is required for myofibroblast differentiation, myofibroblast differentiation, myofibroblast extracellular matrix production, myofibroblast invasion, and myofibroblast contractility. Both NOX4 and CD44v6 are up-regulated in the lungs of mice subjected to experimental lung injury and in cases of human IPF. Genetic (CD44v6 shRNA) or a small molecule inhibitor (CD44v6 peptide) targeting of CD44v6 abrogates fibrogenesis in murine models of lung injury. These studies support a function for CD44V6 in lung fibrosis and offer proof of concept for therapeutic targeting of CD44V6 in lung fibrosis disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shibnath Ghatak
- From the Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology,
| | - Vincent C Hascall
- the Department of Biomedical Engineering/ND20, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195
| | | | | | - Carol M Artlett
- the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19129
| | - Monika Gooz
- the College of Pharmacy/Pharmaceutical Biomedical Science, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425
| | | | - Ilia Atanelishvili
- the Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Richard M Silver
- the Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Jeanette Wood
- Genkyotex, 16 Chemin des Aulx, CH-1228 Plan-les-Ouates Geneva, Switzerland, and
| | - Victor J Thannickal
- the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294-0006
| | - Suniti Misra
- From the Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology,
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12
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Ghatak S, Markwald RR, Hascall VC, Dowling W, Lottes RG, Baatz JE, Beeson G, Beeson CC, Perrella MA, Thannickal VJ, Misra S. Transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1) regulates CD44V6 expression and activity through extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)-induced EGR1 in pulmonary fibrogenic fibroblasts. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:10465-10489. [PMID: 28389562 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.752451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2016] [Revised: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The appearance of myofibroblasts is generally thought to be the underlying cause of the fibrotic changes that underlie idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. However, the cellular/molecular mechanisms that account for the fibroblast-myofibroblast differentiation/activation in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis remain poorly understood. We investigated the functional role of hyaluronan receptor CD44V6 (CD44 containing variable exon 6 (v6)) for differentiation of lung fibroblast to myofibroblast phenotype. Increased hyaluronan synthesis and CD44 expression have been detected in numerous fibrotic organs. Previously, we found that the TGFβ1/CD44V6 pathway is important in lung myofibroblast collagen-1 and α-smooth-muscle actin synthesis. Because increased EGR1 (early growth response-1) expression has been shown to appear very early and nearly coincident with the expression of CD44V6 found after TGFβ1 treatment, we investigated the mechanism(s) of regulation of CD44V6 expression in lung fibroblasts by TGFβ1. TGFβ1-mediated CD44V6 up-regulation was initiated through EGR1 via ERK-regulated transcriptional activation. We showed that TGFβ1-induced CD44V6 expression is through EGR1-mediated AP-1 (activator protein-1) activity and that the EGR1- and AP-1-binding sites in the CD44v6 promoter account for its responsiveness to TGFβ1 in lung fibroblasts. We also identified a positive-feedback loop in which ERK/EGR1 signaling promotes CD44V6 splicing and found that CD44V6 then sustains ERK signaling, which is important for AP-1 activity in lung fibroblasts. Furthermore, we identified that HAS2-produced hyaluronan is required for CD44V6 and TGFβRI co-localization and subsequent CD44V6/ERK1/EGR1 signaling. These results demonstrate a novel positive-feedback loop that links the myofibroblast phenotype to TGFβ1-stimulated CD44V6/ERK/EGR1 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shibnath Ghatak
- From the Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425,
| | - Roger R Markwald
- From the Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425
| | - Vincent C Hascall
- the Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195
| | - William Dowling
- From the Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425.,the College of Charleston, Charleston, South Carolina 29424
| | | | | | - Gyada Beeson
- Drug Discovery and Biomedical sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425
| | - Craig C Beeson
- Drug Discovery and Biomedical sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425
| | - Mark A Perrella
- the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and the Department of Pediatric Newborn Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, and
| | - Victor J Thannickal
- the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294-0006
| | - Suniti Misra
- From the Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425,
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13
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Levine RA, Hagége AA, Judge DP, Padala M, Dal-Bianco JP, Aikawa E, Beaudoin J, Bischoff J, Bouatia-Naji N, Bruneval P, Butcher JT, Carpentier A, Chaput M, Chester AH, Clusel C, Delling FN, Dietz HC, Dina C, Durst R, Fernandez-Friera L, Handschumacher MD, Jensen MO, Jeunemaitre XP, Le Marec H, Le Tourneau T, Markwald RR, Mérot J, Messas E, Milan DP, Neri T, Norris RA, Peal D, Perrocheau M, Probst V, Pucéat M, Rosenthal N, Solis J, Schott JJ, Schwammenthal E, Slaugenhaupt SA, Song JK, Yacoub MH. Mitral valve disease--morphology and mechanisms. Nat Rev Cardiol 2015; 12:689-710. [PMID: 26483167 DOI: 10.1038/nrcardio.2015.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 222] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Mitral valve disease is a frequent cause of heart failure and death. Emerging evidence indicates that the mitral valve is not a passive structure, but--even in adult life--remains dynamic and accessible for treatment. This concept motivates efforts to reduce the clinical progression of mitral valve disease through early detection and modification of underlying mechanisms. Discoveries of genetic mutations causing mitral valve elongation and prolapse have revealed that growth factor signalling and cell migration pathways are regulated by structural molecules in ways that can be modified to limit progression from developmental defects to valve degeneration with clinical complications. Mitral valve enlargement can determine left ventricular outflow tract obstruction in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and might be stimulated by potentially modifiable biological valvular-ventricular interactions. Mitral valve plasticity also allows adaptive growth in response to ventricular remodelling. However, adverse cellular and mechanobiological processes create relative leaflet deficiency in the ischaemic setting, leading to mitral regurgitation with increased heart failure and mortality. Our approach, which bridges clinicians and basic scientists, enables the correlation of observed disease with cellular and molecular mechanisms, leading to the discovery of new opportunities for improving the natural history of mitral valve disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Levine
- Cardiac Ultrasound Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Yawkey 5E, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Albert A Hagége
- Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Université René Descartes, UMR 970, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Jacob P Dal-Bianco
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Cardiac Ultrasound Laboratory, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Nabila Bouatia-Naji
- Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Université René Descartes, UMR 970, Paris, France
| | - Patrick Bruneval
- Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Université René Descartes, UMR 970, Paris, France
| | | | - Alain Carpentier
- Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Université René Descartes, UMR 970, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | - Francesca N Delling
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Centre, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Christian Dina
- University of Nantes, Thoracic Institute, INSERM UMR 1097, CNRS UMR 6291, Nantes, France
| | - Ronen Durst
- Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Centre, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Leticia Fernandez-Friera
- Hospital Universitario HM Monteprincipe and the Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mark D Handschumacher
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Cardiac Ultrasound Laboratory, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Xavier P Jeunemaitre
- Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Université René Descartes, UMR 970, Paris, France
| | - Hervé Le Marec
- University of Nantes, Thoracic Institute, INSERM UMR 1097, CNRS UMR 6291, Nantes, France
| | - Thierry Le Tourneau
- University of Nantes, Thoracic Institute, INSERM UMR 1097, CNRS UMR 6291, Nantes, France
| | | | - Jean Mérot
- University of Nantes, Thoracic Institute, INSERM UMR 1097, CNRS UMR 6291, Nantes, France
| | - Emmanuel Messas
- Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Université René Descartes, UMR 970, Paris, France
| | - David P Milan
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tui Neri
- Aix-Marseille University, INSERM UMR 910, Marseille, France
| | | | - David Peal
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Maelle Perrocheau
- Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Université René Descartes, UMR 970, Paris, France
| | - Vincent Probst
- University of Nantes, Thoracic Institute, INSERM UMR 1097, CNRS UMR 6291, Nantes, France
| | - Michael Pucéat
- Aix-Marseille University, INSERM UMR 910, Marseille, France
| | | | - Jorge Solis
- Hospital Universitario HM Monteprincipe and the Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jean-Jacques Schott
- University of Nantes, Thoracic Institute, INSERM UMR 1097, CNRS UMR 6291, Nantes, France
| | | | - Susan A Slaugenhaupt
- Center for Human Genetic Research, MGH Research Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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14
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Dina C, Bouatia-Naji N, Tucker N, Delling FN, Toomer K, Durst R, Perrocheau M, Fernandez-Friera L, Solis J, Le Tourneau T, Chen MH, Probst V, Bosse Y, Pibarot P, Zelenika D, Lathrop M, Hercberg S, Roussel R, Benjamin EJ, Bonnet F, Lo SH, Dolmatova E, Simonet F, Lecointe S, Kyndt F, Redon R, Le Marec H, Froguel P, Ellinor PT, Vasan RS, Bruneval P, Markwald RR, Norris RA, Milan DJ, Slaugenhaupt SA, Levine RA, Schott JJ, Hagege AA, Jeunemaitre X. Genetic association analyses highlight biological pathways underlying mitral valve prolapse. Nat Genet 2015; 47:1206-11. [PMID: 26301497 PMCID: PMC4773907 DOI: 10.1038/ng.3383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Non-syndromic mitral valve prolapse (MVP) is a common degenerative cardiac valvulopathy of unknown aetiology that predisposes to mitral regurgitation, heart failure and sudden death1. Previous family and pathophysiological studies suggest a complex pattern of inheritance2–5. We performed a meta-analysis of two genome-wide association studies in 1,442 cases and 2,439 controls. We identified and replicated in 1,422 cases and 6,779 controls six loci and provide functional evidence for candidate genes. We highlight LMCD1 encoding a transcription factor6, for which morpholino knockdown in zebrafish results in atrioventricular (AV) valve regurgitation. A similar zebrafish phenotype was obtained for tensin1 (TNS1), a focal adhesion protein involved in cytoskeleton organization. We also show the expression of tensin1 during valve morphogenesis and describe enlarged posterior mitral leaflets in Tns1−/− mice. This study identifies the first risk loci for MVP and suggests new mechanisms involved in mitral valve regurgitation, the most common indication for mitral valve repair7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Dina
- INSERM Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1087, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 6291, Institut du Thorax, Nantes, France.,Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Nantes, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Nabila Bouatia-Naji
- INSERM UMR 970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, Paris, France.,Paris Descartes University, Paris Sorbonne Cité, Paris, France
| | - Nathan Tucker
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Francesca N Delling
- Framingham Heart Study, Population Sciences Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, US National Institutes of Health, Framingham, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Medicine (Cardiovascular Division), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Katelynn Toomer
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Cardiovascular Developmental Biology Center, Children's Research Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Ronen Durst
- Department of Cardiology, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Maelle Perrocheau
- INSERM UMR 970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, Paris, France.,Paris Descartes University, Paris Sorbonne Cité, Paris, France
| | - Leticia Fernandez-Friera
- Hospital Universitario Montepríncipe, Universidad Centro de Estudios Universitarios (CEU) San Pablo, Madrid, Spain.,Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Solis
- Hospital Universitario Montepríncipe, Universidad Centro de Estudios Universitarios (CEU) San Pablo, Madrid, Spain.,Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Thierry Le Tourneau
- INSERM Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1087, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 6291, Institut du Thorax, Nantes, France.,Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Nantes, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Ming-Huei Chen
- Framingham Heart Study, Population Sciences Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, US National Institutes of Health, Framingham, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Vincent Probst
- INSERM Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1087, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 6291, Institut du Thorax, Nantes, France.,Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Nantes, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Yohan Bosse
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Philippe Pibarot
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Mark Lathrop
- Centre National de Génotypage, Evry, France.,Génome Québec, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Serge Hercberg
- Paris Descartes University, Paris Sorbonne Cité, Paris, France.,Paris 13 University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Bobigny, France.,INSERM U1153, Institut National de Recherche en Agronomie (INRA) U1125, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Unit, Epidemiology and Biostatistics Center, Bobigny, France.,Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Department of Public Health, Avicenne Hospital, Bobigny, France.,Paris Diderot University, Paris, France
| | - Ronan Roussel
- Paris Diderot University, Paris, France.,INSERM UMRS 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.,AP-HP, Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Fibrosis, Inflammation, Remodeling in Cardiovascular, Respiratory and Renal Diseases (FIRE) Department Hospital University, Bichat Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Emelia J Benjamin
- Framingham Heart Study, Population Sciences Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, US National Institutes of Health, Framingham, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Medicine (Cardiovascular Division), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Fabrice Bonnet
- INSERM, Clinical Investigation Centre (CIC) 0203, University Hospital of Pontchaillou, Rennes, France.,Department of Endocrinology, University Hospital, Rennes, France
| | - Su Hao Lo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Elena Dolmatova
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Floriane Simonet
- INSERM Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1087, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 6291, Institut du Thorax, Nantes, France
| | - Simon Lecointe
- INSERM Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1087, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 6291, Institut du Thorax, Nantes, France.,Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Nantes, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Florence Kyndt
- INSERM Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1087, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 6291, Institut du Thorax, Nantes, France.,Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Nantes, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Richard Redon
- INSERM Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1087, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 6291, Institut du Thorax, Nantes, France.,Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Nantes, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Hervé Le Marec
- INSERM Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1087, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 6291, Institut du Thorax, Nantes, France.,Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Nantes, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Philippe Froguel
- CNRS UMR 8199, Lille Pasteur Institute, Lille 2 University, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), Lille, France.,Department of Genomics of Common Disease, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Patrick T Ellinor
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA.,Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ramachandran S Vasan
- Framingham Heart Study, Population Sciences Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, US National Institutes of Health, Framingham, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Patrick Bruneval
- INSERM UMR 970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, Paris, France.,Paris Descartes University, Paris Sorbonne Cité, Paris, France.,AP-HP, Department of Pathology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
| | - Roger R Markwald
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Cardiovascular Developmental Biology Center, Children's Research Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Russell A Norris
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Cardiovascular Developmental Biology Center, Children's Research Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - David J Milan
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Susan A Slaugenhaupt
- Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Robert A Levine
- Cardiac Ultrasound Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jean-Jacques Schott
- INSERM Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1087, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 6291, Institut du Thorax, Nantes, France.,Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Nantes, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Albert A Hagege
- INSERM UMR 970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, Paris, France.,AP-HP, Department of Cardiology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
| | | | - Xavier Jeunemaitre
- INSERM UMR 970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, Paris, France.,Paris Descartes University, Paris Sorbonne Cité, Paris, France.,AP-HP, Department of Genetics, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
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15
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Sauls K, Toomer K, Williams K, Johnson AJ, Markwald RR, Hajdu Z, Norris RA. Increased Infiltration of Extra-Cardiac Cells in Myxomatous Valve Disease. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2015; 2:200-213. [PMID: 26473162 PMCID: PMC4603574 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd2030200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the actin-binding gene Filamin-A have been linked to non-syndromic myxomatous valvular dystrophy and associated mitral valve prolapse. Previous studies by our group traced the adult valve defects back to developmental errors in valve interstitial cell-mediated extracellular matrix remodeling during fetal valve gestation. Mice deficient in Filamin-A exhibit enlarged mitral leaflets at E17.5, and subsequent progression to a myxomatous phenotype is observed by two months. For this study, we sought to define mechanisms that contribute to myxomatous degeneration in the adult Filamin-A-deficient mouse. In vivo experiments demonstrate increased infiltration of hematopoietic-derived cells and macrophages in adolescent Filamin-A conditional knockout mice. Concurrent with this infiltration of hematopoietic cells, we show an increase in Erk activity, which localizes to regions of MMP2 expression. Additionally, increases in cell proliferation are observed at two months, when hematopoietic cell engraftment and signaling are pronounced. Similar changes are observed in human myxomatous mitral valve tissue, suggesting that infiltration of hematopoietic-derived cells and/or increased Erk signaling may contribute to myxomatous valvular dystrophy. Consequently, immune cell targeting and/or suppression of pErk activities may represent an effective therapeutic option for mitral valve prolapse patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly Sauls
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Children’s Research Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, 171 Ashley Ave, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; E-Mails: (K.S.); (K.T.); (K.W.); (A.J.J.); (R.R.M.)
| | - Katelynn Toomer
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Children’s Research Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, 171 Ashley Ave, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; E-Mails: (K.S.); (K.T.); (K.W.); (A.J.J.); (R.R.M.)
| | - Katherine Williams
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Children’s Research Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, 171 Ashley Ave, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; E-Mails: (K.S.); (K.T.); (K.W.); (A.J.J.); (R.R.M.)
| | - Amanda J. Johnson
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Children’s Research Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, 171 Ashley Ave, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; E-Mails: (K.S.); (K.T.); (K.W.); (A.J.J.); (R.R.M.)
| | - Roger R. Markwald
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Children’s Research Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, 171 Ashley Ave, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; E-Mails: (K.S.); (K.T.); (K.W.); (A.J.J.); (R.R.M.)
| | - Zoltan Hajdu
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, 200 C Patewood Drive, Greenville, SC 29615, USA; E-Mail:
| | - Russell A. Norris
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Children’s Research Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, 171 Ashley Ave, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; E-Mails: (K.S.); (K.T.); (K.W.); (A.J.J.); (R.R.M.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +1-843-792-3544; Fax: +1-843-792-0664
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16
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Misra S, Hascall VC, Markwald RR, Ghatak S. Interactions between Hyaluronan and Its Receptors (CD44, RHAMM) Regulate the Activities of Inflammation and Cancer. Front Immunol 2015; 6:201. [PMID: 25999946 PMCID: PMC4422082 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 506] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The glycosaminoglycan hyaluronan (HA), a major component of extracellular matrices, and cell surface receptors of HA have been proposed to have pivotal roles in cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, which are necessary for inflammation and cancer progression. CD44 and receptor for HA-mediated motility (RHAMM) are the two main HA-receptors whose biological functions in human and murine inflammations and tumor cells have been investigated comprehensively. HA was initially considered to be only an inert component of connective tissues, but is now known as a “dynamic” molecule with a constant turnover in many tissues through rapid metabolism that involves HA molecules of various sizes: high molecular weight HA (HMW HA), low molecular weight HA, and oligosaccharides. The intracellular signaling pathways initiated by HA interactions with CD44 and RHAMM that lead to inflammatory and tumorigenic responses are complex. Interestingly, these molecules have dual functions in inflammations and tumorigenesis. For example, the presence of CD44 is involved in initiation of arthritis, while the absence of CD44 by genetic deletion in an arthritis mouse model increases rather than decreases disease severity. Similar dual functions of CD44 exist in initiation and progression of cancer. RHAMM overexpression is most commonly linked to cancer progression, whereas loss of RHAMM is associated with malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor growth. HA may similarly perform dual functions. An abundance of HMW HA can promote malignant cell proliferation and development of cancer, whereas antagonists to HA-CD44 signaling inhibit tumor cell growth in vitro and in vivo by interfering with HMW HA-CD44 interaction. This review describes the roles of HA interactions with CD44 and RHAMM in inflammatory responses and tumor development/progression, and how therapeutic strategies that block these key inflammatory/tumorigenic processes may be developed in rodent and human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suniti Misra
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston, SC , USA
| | - Vincent C Hascall
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland , Ohio, OH , USA
| | - Roger R Markwald
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston, SC , USA
| | - Shibnath Ghatak
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston, SC , USA
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17
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Jia J, Richards DJ, Pollard S, Tan Y, Rodriguez J, Visconti RP, Trusk TC, Yost MJ, Yao H, Markwald RR, Mei Y. Engineering alginate as bioink for bioprinting. Acta Biomater 2014. [PMID: 24998183 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2014.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in three-dimensional (3-D) printing offer an excellent opportunity to address critical challenges faced by current tissue engineering approaches. Alginate hydrogels have been used extensively as bioinks for 3-D bioprinting. However, most previous research has focused on native alginates with limited degradation. The application of oxidized alginates with controlled degradation in bioprinting has not been explored. Here, a collection of 30 different alginate hydrogels with varied oxidation percentages and concentrations was prepared to develop a bioink platform that can be applied to a multitude of tissue engineering applications. The authors systematically investigated the effects of two key material properties (i.e. viscosity and density) of alginate solutions on their printabilities to identify a suitable range of material properties of alginates to be applied to bioprinting. Further, four alginate solutions with varied biodegradability were printed with human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs) into lattice-structured, cell-laden hydrogels with high accuracy. Notably, these alginate-based bioinks were shown to be capable of modulating proliferation and spreading of hADSCs without affecting the structure integrity of the lattice structures (except the highly degradable one) after 8days in culture. This research lays a foundation for the development of alginate-based bioink for tissue-specific tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Jia
- Bioengineering Department, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Dylan J Richards
- Bioengineering Department, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Samuel Pollard
- Bioengineering Department, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Yu Tan
- Bioengineering Department, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Joshua Rodriguez
- Bioengineering Department, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Richard P Visconti
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Thomas C Trusk
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Michael J Yost
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Hai Yao
- Bioengineering Department, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA; Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Roger R Markwald
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Ying Mei
- Bioengineering Department, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA; Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
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18
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Jia J, Richards DJ, Pollard S, Tan Y, Rodriguez J, Visconti RP, Trusk TC, Yost MJ, Yao H, Markwald RR, Mei Y. Engineering alginate as bioink for bioprinting. Acta Biomater 2014; 10:4323-31. [PMID: 24998183 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2014.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 298] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Revised: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in three-dimensional (3-D) printing offer an excellent opportunity to address critical challenges faced by current tissue engineering approaches. Alginate hydrogels have been used extensively as bioinks for 3-D bioprinting. However, most previous research has focused on native alginates with limited degradation. The application of oxidized alginates with controlled degradation in bioprinting has not been explored. Here, a collection of 30 different alginate hydrogels with varied oxidation percentages and concentrations was prepared to develop a bioink platform that can be applied to a multitude of tissue engineering applications. The authors systematically investigated the effects of two key material properties (i.e. viscosity and density) of alginate solutions on their printabilities to identify a suitable range of material properties of alginates to be applied to bioprinting. Further, four alginate solutions with varied biodegradability were printed with human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs) into lattice-structured, cell-laden hydrogels with high accuracy. Notably, these alginate-based bioinks were shown to be capable of modulating proliferation and spreading of hADSCs without affecting the structure integrity of the lattice structures (except the highly degradable one) after 8days in culture. This research lays a foundation for the development of alginate-based bioink for tissue-specific tissue engineering applications.
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19
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Xu C, Zhang M, Huang Y, Ogale A, Fu J, Markwald RR. Study of droplet formation process during drop-on-demand inkjetting of living cell-laden bioink. Langmuir 2014; 30:9130-8. [PMID: 25005170 DOI: 10.1021/la501430x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Biofabrication offers a great potential for the fabrication of three-dimensional living tissues and organs by precisely layer-by-layer placing various tissue spheroids as anatomically designed. Inkjet printing of living cell-laden bioink is one of the most promising technologies enabling biofabrication, and the bioink printability must be carefully examined for it to be a viable biofabrication technology. In this study, the cell-laden bioink droplet formation process has been studied in terms of the breakup time, droplet size and velocity, and satellite formation using a time-resolved imaging approach. The bioink has been prepared using fibroblasts and sodium alginate with four different cell concentrations: without cells, 1 × 10(6), 5 × 10(6), and 1 × 10(7) cells/mL to appreciate the effect of cell concentration on the droplet formation process. Furthermore, the bioink droplet formation process is compared with that during the inkjetting of a comparable polystyrene microbead-laden suspension under the identical operating conditions to understand the effect of particle physical properties on the droplet formation process. It is found that (1) as the cell concentration of bioink increases, the droplet size and velocity decrease, the formation of satellite droplets is suppressed, and the breakup time increases, and (2) compared to the hard bead-laden suspension, the bioink tends to have a less ejected fluid volume, lower droplet velocity, and longer breakup time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changxue Xu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and ‡Department of Chemical Engineering, Clemson University , Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
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20
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Tan Y, Richards DJ, Trusk TC, Visconti RP, Yost MJ, Kindy MS, Drake CJ, Argraves WS, Markwald RR, Mei Y. 3D printing facilitated scaffold-free tissue unit fabrication. Biofabrication 2014; 6:024111. [PMID: 24717646 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5082/6/2/024111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Tissue spheroids hold great potential in tissue engineering as building blocks to assemble into functional tissues. To date, agarose molds have been extensively used to facilitate fusion process of tissue spheroids. As a molding material, agarose typically requires low temperature plates for gelation and/or heated dispenser units. Here, we proposed and developed an alginate-based, direct 3D mold-printing technology: 3D printing microdroplets of alginate solution into biocompatible, bio-inert alginate hydrogel molds for the fabrication of scaffold-free tissue engineering constructs. Specifically, we developed a 3D printing technology to deposit microdroplets of alginate solution on calcium containing substrates in a layer-by-layer fashion to prepare ring-shaped 3D hydrogel molds. Tissue spheroids composed of 50% endothelial cells and 50% smooth muscle cells were robotically placed into the 3D printed alginate molds using a 3D printer, and were found to rapidly fuse into toroid-shaped tissue units. Histological and immunofluorescence analysis indicated that the cells secreted collagen type I playing a critical role in promoting cell-cell adhesion, tissue formation and maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Tan
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA. Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
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21
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Misra S, Ghatak S, Vyas A, O'Brien P, Markwald RR, Khetmalas M, Hascall VC, McCarthy JB, Karamanos NK, Tammi MI, Tammi RH, Prestwitch GD, Padhye S. Isothiocyanate analogs targeting CD44 receptor as an effective strategy against colon cancer. Med Chem Res 2014; 23:3836-3851. [PMID: 25013352 DOI: 10.1007/s00044-014-0958-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory pathway plays an important role in tumor cell progression of colorectal cancers. Although colon cancer is considered as one of the leading causes of death worldwide, very few drugs are available for its effective treatment. Many studies have examined the effects of specific COX-2 and 5-LOX inhibitors on human colorectal cancer, but the role of isothiocyanates (ITSCs) as COX-LOX dual inhibitors engaged in hyaluronan-CD44 interaction has not been studied. In the present work, we report series of ITSC analogs incorporating bioisosteric thiosemicarbazone moiety. These inhibitors are effective against panel of human colon cancer cell lines including COX-2 positive HCA-7, HT-29 cells lines, and hyaluronan synthase-2 (Has2) enzyme over-expressing transformed intestinal epithelial Apc10.1Has2 cells. Specifically, our findings indicate that HA-CD44v6-mediated COX-2/5-LOX signaling mediate survivin production, which in turn, supports anti-apoptosis and chemo-resistance leading to colon cancer cell survival. The over-expression of CD44v6shRNA as well as ITSC treatment significantly decreases the survival of colon cancer cells. The present results thus offer an opportunity to evolve potent inhibitors of HA synthesis and CD44v6 pathway and thus underscoring the importance of the ITSC analogs as chemopreventive agents for targeting HA/CD44v6 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suniti Misra
- Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Shibnath Ghatak
- Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Alok Vyas
- ISTRA, Department of Chemistry, Abeda Inamdar College, University of Pune, Pune 411001, India
| | - Paul O'Brien
- Hematology/Oncology Division, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Roger R Markwald
- Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Madhukar Khetmalas
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computer Science, Dr. D. Y. Patil Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Institute, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Tathawade, Pune 411033, India
| | - Vincent C Hascall
- Department of Biomedical Engineering/ND20, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - James B McCarthy
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota Masonic Cancer Center, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Nikos K Karamanos
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Markku I Tammi
- University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Raija H Tammi
- University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Glenn D Prestwitch
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Subhash Padhye
- ISTRA, Department of Chemistry, Abeda Inamdar College, University of Pune, Pune 411001, India
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22
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Ghatak S, Misra S, Norris RA, Moreno-Rodriguez RA, Hoffman S, Levine RA, Hascall VC, Markwald RR. Periostin induces intracellular cross-talk between kinases and hyaluronan in atrioventricular valvulogenesis. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:8545-61. [PMID: 24469446 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.539882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Periostin (PN), a novel fasciclin-related matricellular protein, has been implicated in cardiac development and postnatal remodeling, but the mechanism remains unknown. We examined the role of PN in mediating intracellular kinase activation for atrioventricular valve morphogenesis using well defined explant cultures, gene transfection systems, and Western blotting. The results show that valve progenitor (cushion) cells secrete PN into the extracellular matrix, where it can bind to INTEGRINs and activate INTEGRIN/focal adhesion kinase signaling pathways and downstream kinases, PI3K/AKT and ERK. Functional assays with prevalvular progenitor cells showed that activating these signaling pathways promoted adhesion, migration, and anti-apoptosis. Through activation of PI3K/ERK, PN directly enhanced collagen expression. Comparing PN-null to WT mice also revealed that expression of hyaluronan (HA) and activation of hyaluronan synthase-2 (Has2) are also enhanced upon PN/INTEGRIN/focal adhesion kinase-mediated activation of PI3K and/or ERK, an effect confirmed by the reduction of HA synthase-2 in PN-null mice. We also identified in valve progenitor cells a potential autocrine signaling feedback loop between PN and HA through PI3K and/or ERK. Finally, in a three-dimensional assay to simulate normal valve maturation in vitro, PN promoted collagen compaction in a kinase-dependent fashion. In summary, this study provides the first direct evidence that PN can act to stimulate a valvulogenic signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shibnath Ghatak
- From the Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology
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23
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Ghatak S, Bogatkevich GS, Atnelishvili I, Akter T, Feghali-Bostwick C, Hoffman S, Fresco VM, Fuchs JC, Visconti RP, Markwald RR, Padhye SB, Silver RM, Hascall VC, Misra S. Overexpression of c-Met and CD44v6 receptors contributes to autocrine TGF-β1 signaling in interstitial lung disease. J Biol Chem 2013; 289:7856-72. [PMID: 24324260 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.505065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and the HGF receptor Met pathway are important in the pathogenesis of interstitial lung disease (ILD). Alternatively spliced isoforms of CD44 containing variable exon 6 (CD44v6) and its ligand hyaluronan (HA) alter cellular function in response to interaction between CD44v6 and HGF. TGF-β1 is the crucial cytokine that induces fibrotic action in ILD fibroblasts (ILDFbs). We have identified an autocrine TGF-β1 signaling that up-regulates both Met and CD44v6 mRNA and protein expression. Western blot analysis, flow cytometry, and immunostaining revealed that CD44v6 and Met colocalize in fibroblasts and in tissue sections from ILD patients and in lungs of bleomycin-treated mice. Interestingly, cell proliferation induced by TGF-β1 is mediated through Met and CD44v6. Further, cell proliferation mediated by TGF-β1/CD44v6 is ERK-dependent. In contrast, action of Met on ILDFb proliferation does not require ERK but does require p38(MAPK). ILDFbs were sorted into CD44v6(+)/Met(+) and CD44v6(-)/Met(+) subpopulations. HGF inhibited TGF-β1-stimulated collagen-1 and α-smooth muscle cell actin expression in both of these subpopulations by interfering with TGF-β1 signaling. HGF alone markedly stimulated CD44v6 expression, which in turn regulated collagen-1 synthesis. Our data with primary lung fibroblast cultures with respect to collagen-1, CD44v6, and Met expressions were supported by immunostaining of lung sections from bleomycin-treated mice and from ILD patients. These results define the relationships between CD44v6, Met, and autocrine TGF-β1 signaling and the potential modulating influence of HGF on TGF-β1-induced CD44v6-dependent fibroblast function in ILD fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shibnath Ghatak
- From the Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology and
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24
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Ghatak S, Vyas A, Misra S, O'Brien P, Zambre A, Fresco VM, Markwald RR, Swamy KV, Afrasiabi Z, Choudhury A, Khetmalas M, Padhye S. Novel di-tertiary-butyl phenylhydrazones as dual cyclooxygenase-2/5-lipoxygenase inhibitors: synthesis, COX/LOX inhibition, molecular modeling, and insights into their cytotoxicities. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 24:317-24. [PMID: 24295787 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2013] [Revised: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 11/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Although dual inhibition of Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and 5-Lipoxygenase (5-LOX) enzymes is highly effective than targeting COX or LOX alone, there are only a few reports of examining such compounds in case of colorectal cancers (CRC). In the present work we report that the novel di-tert-butyl phenol-based dual inhibitors DTPSAL, DTPBHZ, DTPINH, and DTPNHZ exhibit significant cytotoxicity against human CRC cell lines. Molecular docking studies revealed a good fit of these compounds in the COX-2 and 5-LOX protein cavities. The inhibitors show significant inhibition of COX-2 and 5-LOX activities and are effective against a panel of human colon cancer cell lines including HCA-7, HT-29, SW480 and intestinal Apc10.1 cells as well as the hyaluronan synthase-2 (Has2) enzyme over-expressing colon cancer cells, through inhibition of the Hyaluronan/CD44v6 cell survival pathway. Western blot analysis and qRT-PCR analyses indicated that the di-tert-butyl phenol-based dual inhibitors reduce the expression of COX-2, 5-LOX, and CD44v6 in human colon cancer HCA-7 cells, while the combination of CD44v6shRNA and DTPSAL has an additional inhibitory effect on CD44v6 mRNA expression. The synergistic inhibitory effect of Celecoxib and Licofelone on CD44v6 mRNA expression suggests that the present dual inhibitors down-regulate cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase enzymes through CD44v6. The compounds also exhibited enhanced antiproliferative potency compared to standard dual COX/LOX inhibitor, viz. Licofelone. Importantly, the HA/CD44v6 antagonist CD44v6shRNA in combination with synthetic compounds had a sensitizing effect on the cancer cells which enhanced their antiproliferative potency, a finding which is crucial for the anti-proliferative potency of the novel synthetic di-tert-butyl phenol based dual COX-LOX inhibitors in colon cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shibnath Ghatak
- Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Alok Vyas
- ISTRA Department of Chemistry, Abeda Inamdar Senior College, University of Pune, Pune 411001, India; Department of Bioinformatics and Computer Science, Dr. D.Y. Patil Biotechnology & Bioinformatics Institute, Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Tathawade, Pune 411033, India
| | - Suniti Misra
- Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
| | - Paul O'Brien
- Hematology/Oncology Division, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Ajit Zambre
- Department of Chemistry, Bharati Vidyapeeth, Pune 411007, India
| | - Victor M Fresco
- Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Roger R Markwald
- Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - K Venkateshwara Swamy
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computer Science, Dr. D.Y. Patil Biotechnology & Bioinformatics Institute, Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Tathawade, Pune 411033, India
| | - Zahra Afrasiabi
- Department of Life & Physical Sciences, Lincoln University, 820 Chestnut St., Jefferson City, MO 65101, USA
| | - Amitava Choudhury
- Department of Chemistry, Missouri S & T University (formerly University of Missouri-Rolla), Rolla, MO 65409, USA
| | - Madhukar Khetmalas
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computer Science, Dr. D.Y. Patil Biotechnology & Bioinformatics Institute, Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Tathawade, Pune 411033, India
| | - Subhash Padhye
- ISTRA Department of Chemistry, Abeda Inamdar Senior College, University of Pune, Pune 411001, India.
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25
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Kolpa HJ, Peal DS, Lynch SN, Giokas AC, Ghatak S, Misra S, Norris RA, Macrae CA, Markwald RR, Ellinor P, Bischoff J, Milan DJ. miR-21 represses Pdcd4 during cardiac valvulogenesis. Development 2013; 140:2172-80. [PMID: 23578931 DOI: 10.1242/dev.084475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of small non-coding microRNAs has revealed novel mechanisms of post-translational regulation of gene expression, the implications of which are still incompletely understood. We focused on microRNA 21 (miR-21), which is expressed in cardiac valve endothelium during development, in order to better understand its mechanistic role in cardiac valve development. Using a combination of in vivo gene knockdown in zebrafish and in vitro assays in human cells, we show that miR-21 is necessary for proper development of the atrioventricular valve (AV). We identify pdcd4b as a relevant in vivo target of miR-21 and show that protection of pdcd4b from miR-21 binding results in failure of AV development. In vitro experiments using human pulmonic valve endothelial cells demonstrate that miR-21 overexpression augments endothelial cell migration. PDCD4 knockdown alone was sufficient to enhance endothelial cell migration. These results demonstrate that miR-21 plays a necessary role in cardiac valvulogenesis, in large part due to an obligatory downregulation of PDCD4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather J Kolpa
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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26
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Ma Z, Yang H, Liu H, Xu M, Runyan RB, Eisenberg CA, Markwald RR, Borg TK, Gao BZ. Mesenchymal stem cell-cardiomyocyte interactions under defined contact modes on laser-patterned biochips. PLoS One 2013; 8:e56554. [PMID: 23418583 PMCID: PMC3572044 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0056554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2012] [Accepted: 01/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding how stem cells interact with cardiomyocytes is crucial for cell-based therapies to restore the cardiomyocyte loss that occurs during myocardial infarction and other cardiac diseases. It has been thought that functional myocardial repair and regeneration could be regulated by stem cell-cardiomyocyte contact. However, because various contact modes (junction formation, cell fusion, partial cell fusion, and tunneling nanotube formation) occur randomly in a conventional coculture system, the particular regulation corresponding to a specific contact mode could not be analyzed. In this study, we used laser-patterned biochips to define cell-cell contact modes for systematic study of contact-mediated cellular interactions at the single-cell level. The results showed that the biochip design allows defined stem cell-cardiomyocyte contact-mode formation, which can be used to determine specific cellular interactions, including electrical coupling, mechanical coupling, and mitochondria transfer. The biochips will help us gain knowledge of contact-mediated interactions between stem cells and cardiomyocytes, which are fundamental for formulating a strategy to achieve stem cell-based cardiac tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Ma
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Huaxiao Yang
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Honghai Liu
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Meifeng Xu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Raymond B. Runyan
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Carol A. Eisenberg
- New York Medical College/Westchester Medical Center Stem Cell Laboratory, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, United States of America
| | - Roger R. Markwald
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Thomas K. Borg
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Bruce Z. Gao
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Wu B, Zhang Z, Lui W, Chen X, Wang Y, Chamberlain AA, Moreno-Rodriguez RA, Markwald RR, O'Rourke BP, Sharp DJ, Zheng D, Lenz J, Baldwin HS, Chang CP, Zhou B. Endocardial cells form the coronary arteries by angiogenesis through myocardial-endocardial VEGF signaling. Cell 2013. [PMID: 23178125 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2012.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 271] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The origins and developmental mechanisms of coronary arteries are incompletely understood. We show here by fate mapping, clonal analysis, and immunohistochemistry that endocardial cells generate the endothelium of coronary arteries. Dye tracking, live imaging, and tissue transplantation also revealed that ventricular endocardial cells are not terminally differentiated; instead, they are angiogenic and form coronary endothelial networks. Myocardial Vegf-a or endocardial Vegfr-2 deletion inhibited coronary angiogenesis and arterial formation by ventricular endocardial cells. In contrast, lineage and knockout studies showed that endocardial cells make a small contribution to the coronary veins, the formation of which is independent of myocardial-to-endocardial Vegf signaling. Thus, contrary to the current view of a common source for the coronary vessels, our findings indicate that the coronary arteries and veins have distinct origins and are formed by different mechanisms. This information may help develop better cell therapies for coronary artery disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingruo Wu
- Departments of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
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28
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Sauls K, de Vlaming A, Harris BS, Williams K, Wessels A, Levine RA, Slaugenhaupt SA, Goodwin RL, Pavone LM, Merot J, Schott JJ, Le Tourneau T, Dix T, Jesinkey S, Feng Y, Walsh C, Zhou B, Baldwin S, Markwald RR, Norris RA. Developmental basis for filamin-A-associated myxomatous mitral valve disease. Cardiovasc Res 2012; 96:109-19. [PMID: 22843703 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvs238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS We hypothesized that the structure and function of the mature valves is largely dependent upon how these tissues are built during development, and defects in how the valves are built can lead to the pathological progression of a disease phenotype. Thus, we sought to uncover potential developmental origins and mechanistic underpinnings causal to myxomatous mitral valve disease. We focus on how filamin-A, a cytoskeletal binding protein with strong links to human myxomatous valve disease, can function as a regulatory interface to control proper mitral valve development. METHODS AND RESULTS Filamin-A-deficient mice exhibit abnormally enlarged mitral valves during foetal life, which progresses to a myxomatous phenotype by 2 months of age. Through expression studies, in silico modelling, 3D morphometry, biochemical studies, and 3D matrix assays, we demonstrate that the inception of the valve disease occurs during foetal life and can be attributed, in part, to a deficiency of interstitial cells to efficiently organize the extracellular matrix (ECM). This ECM organization during foetal valve gestation is due, in part, to molecular interactions between filamin-A, serotonin, and the cross-linking enzyme, transglutaminase-2 (TG2). Pharmacological and genetic perturbations that inhibit serotonin-TG2-filamin-A interactions lead to impaired ECM remodelling and engender progression to a myxomatous valve phenotype. CONCLUSIONS These findings illustrate a molecular mechanism by which valve interstitial cells, through a serotonin, TG, and filamin-A pathway, regulate matrix organization during foetal valve development. Additionally, these data indicate that disrupting key regulatory interactions during valve development can set the stage for the generation of postnatal myxomatous valve disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly Sauls
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Cardiovascular Developmental Biology Center, Children's Research Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, 171 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
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29
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Xu C, Chai W, Huang Y, Markwald RR. Scaffold-free inkjet printing of three-dimensional zigzag cellular tubes. Biotechnol Bioeng 2012; 109:3152-60. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.24591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 253] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2012] [Accepted: 06/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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30
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de Vlaming A, Sauls K, Hajdu Z, Visconti RP, Mehesz AN, Levine RA, Slaugenhaupt SA, Hagège A, Chester AH, Markwald RR, Norris RA. Atrioventricular valve development: new perspectives on an old theme. Differentiation 2012; 84:103-16. [PMID: 22579502 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2012.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2011] [Revised: 03/26/2012] [Accepted: 04/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Atrioventricular valve development commences with an EMT event whereby endocardial cells transform into mesenchyme. The molecular events that induce this phenotypic change are well understood and include many growth factors, signaling components, and transcription factors. Besides their clear importance in valve development, the role of these transformed mesenchyme and the function they serve in the developing prevalve leaflets is less understood. Indeed, we know that these cells migrate, but how and why do they migrate? We also know that they undergo a transition to a mature, committed cell, largely defined as an interstitial fibroblast due to their ability to secrete various matrix components including collagen type I. However, we have yet to uncover mechanisms by which the matrix is synthesized, how it is secreted, and how it is organized. As valve disease is largely characterized by altered cell number, cell activation, and matrix disorganization, answering questions of how the valves are built will likely provide us with information of real clinical relevance. Although expression profiling and descriptive or correlative analyses are insightful, to advance the field, we must now move past the simplicity of these assays and ask fundamental, mechanistic based questions aimed at understanding how valves are "built". Herein we review current understandings of atrioventricular valve development and present what is known and what isn't known. In most cases, basic, biological questions and hypotheses that were presented decades ago on valve development still are yet to be answered but likely hold keys to uncovering new discoveries with relevance to both embryonic development and the developmental basis of adult heart valve diseases. Thus, the goal of this review is to remind us of these questions and provide new perspectives on an old theme of valve development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annemarieke de Vlaming
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Cardiovascular Developmental Biology Center, Children's Research Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
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31
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Misra S, Hascall VC, Markwald RR, Ghatak S. The promise of CD44v6, a therapeutic target for colon cancer. FASEB J 2012. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.26.1_supplement.967.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Suniti Misra
- Regenerative Medicine and Cell BiologyMedical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSC
| | | | - Roger R. Markwald
- Regenerative Medicine and Cell BiologyMedical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSC
| | - Shibnath Ghatak
- Regenerative Medicine and Cell BiologyMedical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSC
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32
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Abstract
Smad6 is known to predominantly inhibit BMP signaling by negatively regulating the BMP signaling process. Therefore, Smad6 mutation potentially provides an important genetic model for investigating the role of BMP signaling in vivo. Periostin is a 90-kDA secreted extracellular matrix (ECM) protein and implicated in cardiac valve progenitor cell differentiation, maturation and adult aortic valve calcification in mice. We have previously reported periostin expression patterns during AV valve development in mice. Because periostin can play critical roles in aortic valve interstitial cell differentiation and can be correlated with adult valve disease pathogenesis, in the present study we specifically focused on periostin expression during outflow tract (OT) development and its expression within the adult mouse valves. We previously reported that periostin expression in valve progenitor cells was altered by exogenously adding BMP-2 in culture. In this study, we investigated whether expression of periostin and other valvulogenic ECM proteins was altered in Smad6-mutant newborn mice in vivo. Periostin protein was localized within OT during embryonic development in mice. At embryonic day (ED) 13.5, robust periostin expression was detected within the developing pulmonary trunk and developing pulmonary and aortic valves. Periostin expression remained intense in pulmonary and aortic valves up to the adult stage. Our immunohistochemical and immunointensity analyses revealed that periostin expression was significantly reduced in the aortic valves in Smad6−/− neonatal hearts. Versican expression was also significantly reduced in Smad6−/− aortic valves, whereas, hyaluronan deposition was not significantly altered in the Smad6−/− neonatal valves. Expression of periostin and versican was less prominently affected in AV valves compared to the aortic valves, suggesting that a cell lineage/origin-dependent response to regulatory molecules may play a critical role in valve interstitial cell development and ECM protein expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukiko Sugi
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Cardiovascular Developmental Biology Center, Medical University of South Carolina, USA
| | - Michael J Kern
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Cardiovascular Developmental Biology Center, Medical University of South Carolina, USA
| | - Roger R Markwald
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Cardiovascular Developmental Biology Center, Medical University of South Carolina, USA
| | - Jessica L Burnside
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Cardiovascular Developmental Biology Center, Medical University of South Carolina, USA
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33
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Judge DP, Markwald RR, Hagège AA, Levine RA. Translational research on the mitral valve: from developmental mechanisms to new therapies. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2011; 4:699-701. [PMID: 21901526 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-011-9320-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2011] [Accepted: 08/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel P Judge
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Ross 1049; 720 Rutland Avenue, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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34
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Hajdu Z, Romeo SJ, Fleming PA, Markwald RR, Visconti RP, Drake CJ. Recruitment of bone marrow-derived valve interstitial cells is a normal homeostatic process. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2011; 51:955-65. [PMID: 21871458 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2011.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2011] [Revised: 07/12/2011] [Accepted: 08/09/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Advances in understanding of the maintenance of the cardiac valves during normal cardiac function and response to injury have led to several novel findings, including that there is contribution of extra-cardiac cells to the major cellular population of the valve: the valve interstitial cell (VIC). While suggested to occur in human heart studies, we have been able to experimentally demonstrate, using a mouse model, that cells of bone marrow hematopoietic stem cell origin engraft into the valves and synthesize collagen type I. Based on these initial findings, we sought to further characterize this cell population in terms of its similarity to VICs and begin to elucidate its contribution to valve homeostasis. To accomplish this, chimeric mice whose bone marrow was repopulated with enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) expressing total nucleated bone marrow cells were used to establish a profile of EGFP(+) valve cells in terms of their expression of hematopoietic antigens, progenitor markers, fibroblast- and myofibroblast-related molecules, as well as their distribution within the valves. Using this profile, we show that normal (non-irradiated, non-transplanted) mice have BM-derived cell populations that exhibit identical morphology and phenotype to those observed in transplanted mice. Collectively, our findings establish that the engraftment of bone marrow-derived cells occurs as part of normal valve homeostasis. Further, our efforts demonstrate that the use of myeloablative irradiation, which is commonly employed in studies involving bone marrow transplantation, does not elicit changes in the bone marrow-derived VIC phenotype in recipient mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoltan Hajdu
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
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35
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Hahurij ND, Kolditz DP, Bökenkamp R, Markwald RR, Schalij MJ, Poelmann RE, Gittenberger-De Groot AC, Blom NA. Accessory atrioventricular myocardial pathways in mouse heart development: substrate for supraventricular tachycardias. Pediatr Res 2011; 70:37-43. [PMID: 21399557 DOI: 10.1203/pdr.0b013e3182192bfa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Atrioventricular reentry tachycardia (AVRT) requiring an accessory atrioventricular pathway (AP) is the most common type of arrhythmia in the perinatal period. The etiology of these arrhythmias is not fully understood as well as their capability to dissipate spontaneously in the first year of life. Temporary presence of APs during annulus fibrosus development might cause this specific type of arrhythmias. To study the presence of APs, electrophysiological recordings of ventricular activation patterns and immunohistochemical analyses with antibodies specifically against atrial myosin light chain 2 (MLC-2a), Periostin, Nkx2.5, and Connexin-43 were performed in embryonic mouse hearts ranging from 11.5 to 18.5 days post-conception (dpc). The electrophysiological recordings revealed the presence of functional APs in early (13.5-15.5 dpc) and late (16.5-18.5 dpc) postseptated stages of mouse heart development. These APs stained positive for MLC-2a and Nkx2.5 and negative for Periostin and Connexin-43. Longitudinal analyses showed that APs gradually decreased in number (p = 0.003) and size (p = 0.035) at subsequent developmental stages (13.5-18.5 dpc). Expression of periostin was observed in the developing annulus fibrosus, adjacent to APs and other locations where formation of fibrous tissue is essential. We conclude that functional APs are present during normal mouse heart development. These APs can serve as transient substrate for AVRTs in the perinatal period of development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan D Hahurij
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2300 RC, The Netherlands
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36
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Hajdu Z, Mironov V, Mehesz AN, Norris RA, Markwald RR, Visconti RP. Tissue spheroid fusion-based in vitro screening assays for analysis of tissue maturation. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2011; 4:659-64. [PMID: 20603872 DOI: 10.1002/term.291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Organ printing or computer-aided robotic layer-by-layer additive biofabrication of thick three-dimensional (3D) living tissue constructs employing self-assembling tissue spheroids is a rapidly evolving alternative to classic solid scaffold-based approaches in tissue engineering. However, the absence of effective methods of accelerated tissue maturation immediately after bioprinting is the main technological imperative and potential impediment for further progress in the development of this emerging organ printing technology. Identification of the optimal combination of factors and conditions that accelerate tissue maturation ('maturogenic' factors) is an essential and necessary endeavour. Screening of maturogenic factors would be most efficiently accomplished using high-throughput quantitative in vitro tissue maturation assays. We have recently reviewed the formation of solid scaffold-free tissue constructs through the fusion of bioprinted tissue spheroids that have measurable material properties. We hypothesize that the fusion kinetics of these tissue spheroids will provide an efficacious in vitro assay of the level of tissue maturation. We report here the results of experimental testing of two simple quantitative tissue spheroid fusion-based in vitro high-throughput screening assays of tissue maturation: (a) a tissue spheroid envelopment assay; and (b) a tissue spheroid fusion kinetics assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoltan Hajdu
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
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37
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Abstract
Here we present an ultrahigh-speed Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) that records the OCT spectrum in streak mode with a high-speed area scan camera, which allows higher OCT imaging speed than can be achieved with a line-scan camera. Unlike parallel OCT techniques that also use area scan cameras, the conventional single-mode fiber-based point-scanning mechanism is retained to provide a confocal gate that rejects multiply scattered photons from the sample. When using a 1000 Hz resonant scanner as the streak scanner, 1,016,000 A-scans have been obtained in 1 s. This method's effectiveness has been demonstrated by recording in vivo OCT-image sequences of embryonic chick hearts at 1000 frames/s. In addition, 2-megahertz OCT data have been obtained with another high speed camera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- Clemson University, Department of Bioengineering, COMSET, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, USA
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38
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Mehesz AN, Brown J, Hajdu Z, Beaver W, da Silva JVL, Visconti RP, Markwald RR, Mironov V. Scalable robotic biofabrication of tissue spheroids. Biofabrication 2011; 3:025002. [PMID: 21562365 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5082/3/2/025002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Development of methods for scalable biofabrication of uniformly sized tissue spheroids is essential for tissue spheroid-based bioprinting of large size tissue and organ constructs. The most recent scalable technique for tissue spheroid fabrication employs a micromolded recessed template prepared in a non-adhesive hydrogel, wherein the cells loaded into the template self-assemble into tissue spheroids due to gravitational force. In this study, we present an improved version of this technique. A new mold was designed to enable generation of 61 microrecessions in each well of a 96-well plate. The microrecessions were seeded with cells using an EpMotion 5070 automated pipetting machine. After 48 h of incubation, tissue spheroids formed at the bottom of each microrecession. To assess the quality of constructs generated using this technology, 600 tissue spheroids made by this method were compared with 600 spheroids generated by the conventional hanging drop method. These analyses showed that tissue spheroids fabricated by the micromolded method are more uniform in diameter. Thus, use of micromolded recessions in a non-adhesive hydrogel, combined with automated cell seeding, is a reliable method for scalable robotic fabrication of uniform-sized tissue spheroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Nagy Mehesz
- Advanced Tissue Biofabrication Center, Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, USA
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39
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Abstract
It is becoming increasingly clear that signals generated in tumor microenvironments are crucial to tumor cell behavior, such as survival, progression and metastasis. The establishment of these malignant behaviors requires that tumor cells acquire novel adhesion and migration properties to detach from their original sites and to localize to distant organs. CD44, an adhesion/homing molecule, is a major receptor for the glycosaminoglycan hyaluronan, which is one of the major components of the tumor extracellular matrix. CD44, a multistructural and multifunctional molecule, detects changes in extracellular matrix components, and thus is well positioned to provide appropriate responses to changes in the microenvironment, i.e. engagement in cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix interactions, cell trafficking, lymph node homing and the presentation of growth factors/cytokines/chemokines to co-ordinate signaling events that enable the cell responses that change in the tissue environment. The potential involvement of CD44 variants (CD44v), especially CD44v4-v7 and CD44v6-v9, in tumor progression has been confirmed for many tumor types in numerous clinical studies. The downregulation of the standard CD44 isoform (CD44s) in colon cancer is postulated to result in increased tumorigenicity. CD44v-specific functions could be caused by their higher binding affinity than CD44s for hyaluronan. Alternatively, CD44v-specific functions could be caused by differences in associating molecules, which may bind selectively to the CD44v exon. This minireview summarizes how the interaction between hyaluronan and CD44v can serve as a potential target for cancer therapy, in particular how silencing CD44v can target multiple metastatic tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suniti Misra
- Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Paraskevi Heldin
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Uppsala University Biomedical Centre, Box 595, SE-75124 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Vincent C. Hascall
- Department of Biomedical Engineering/ND20, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
| | - Nikos K. Karamanos
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Biochemistry, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Spyros S. Skandalis
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Uppsala University Biomedical Centre, Box 595, SE-75124 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Roger R. Markwald
- Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Shibnath Ghatak
- Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
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40
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Norris RA, Moreno-Rodriguez R, Wessels A, Merot J, Bruneval P, Chester AH, Yacoub MH, Hagège A, Slaugenhaupt SA, Aikawa E, Schott JJ, Lardeux A, Harris BS, Williams LK, Richards A, Levine RA, Markwald RR. Expression of the familial cardiac valvular dystrophy gene, filamin-A, during heart morphogenesis. Dev Dyn 2010; 239:2118-27. [PMID: 20549728 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.22346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Myxoid degeneration of the cardiac valves is a common feature in a heterogeneous group of disorders that includes Marfan syndrome and isolated valvular diseases. Mitral valve prolapse is the most common outcome of these and remains one of the most common indications for valvular surgery. While the etiology of the disease is unknown, recent genetic studies have demonstrated that an X-linked form of familial cardiac valvular dystrophy can be attributed to mutations in the Filamin-A gene. Since these inheritable mutations are present from conception, we hypothesize that filamin-A mutations present at the time of valve morphogenesis lead to dysfunction that progresses postnatally to clinically relevant disease. Therefore, by carefully evaluating genetic factors (such as filamin-A) that play a substantial role in MVP, we can elucidate relevant developmental pathways that contribute to its pathogenesis. In order to understand how developmental expression of a mutant protein can lead to valve disease, the spatio-temporal distribution of filamin-A during cardiac morphogenesis must first be characterized. Although previously thought of as a ubiquitously expressed gene, we demonstrate that filamin-A is robustly expressed in non-myocyte cells throughout cardiac morphogenesis including epicardial and endocardial cells, and mesenchymal cells derived by EMT from these two epithelia, as well as mesenchyme of neural crest origin. In postnatal hearts, expression of filamin-A is significantly decreased in the atrioventricular and outflow tract valve leaflets and their suspensory apparatus. Characterization of the temporal and spatial expression pattern of filamin-A during cardiac morphogenesis is a crucial first step in our understanding of how mutations in filamin-A result in clinically relevant valve disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Norris
- Cardiovascular Developmental Biology Center, Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Children's Research Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
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41
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Teekakirikul P, Eminaga S, Toka O, Alcalai R, Wang L, Wakimoto H, Nayor M, Konno T, Gorham JM, Wolf CM, Kim JB, Schmitt JP, Molkentin JD, Norris RA, Tager AM, Hoffman SR, Markwald RR, Seidman CE, Seidman JG. Cardiac fibrosis in mice with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is mediated by non-myocyte proliferation and requires Tgf-β. J Clin Invest 2010; 120:3520-9. [PMID: 20811150 DOI: 10.1172/jci42028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 336] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2009] [Accepted: 07/14/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in sarcomere protein genes can cause hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), a disorder characterized by myocyte enlargement, fibrosis, and impaired ventricular relaxation. Here, we demonstrate that sarcomere protein gene mutations activate proliferative and profibrotic signals in non-myocyte cells to produce pathologic remodeling in HCM. Gene expression analyses of non-myocyte cells isolated from HCM mouse hearts showed increased levels of RNAs encoding cell-cycle proteins, Tgf-β, periostin, and other profibrotic proteins. Markedly increased BrdU labeling, Ki67 antigen expression, and periostin immunohistochemistry in the fibrotic regions of HCM hearts confirmed the transcriptional profiling data. Genetic ablation of periostin in HCM mice reduced but did not extinguish non-myocyte proliferation and fibrosis. In contrast, administration of Tgf-β-neutralizing antibodies abrogated non-myocyte proliferation and fibrosis. Chronic administration of the angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist losartan to mutation-positive, hypertrophy-negative (prehypertrophic) mice prevented the emergence of hypertrophy, non-myocyte proliferation, and fibrosis. Losartan treatment did not reverse pathologic remodeling of established HCM but did reduce non-myocyte proliferation. These data define non-myocyte activation of Tgf-β signaling as a pivotal mechanism for increased fibrosis in HCM and a potentially important factor contributing to diastolic dysfunction and heart failure. Preemptive pharmacologic inhibition of Tgf-β signals warrants study in human patients with sarcomere gene mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polakit Teekakirikul
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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42
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Visconti RP, Kasyanov V, Gentile C, Zhang J, Markwald RR, Mironov V. Towards organ printing: engineering an intra-organ branched vascular tree. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2010; 10:409-20. [PMID: 20132061 DOI: 10.1517/14712590903563352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE OF THE FIELD Effective vascularization of thick three-dimensional engineered tissue constructs is a problem in tissue engineering. As in native organs, a tissue-engineered intra-organ vascular tree must be comprised of a network of hierarchically branched vascular segments. Despite this requirement, current tissue-engineering efforts are still focused predominantly on engineering either large-diameter macrovessels or microvascular networks. AREAS COVERED IN THIS REVIEW We present the emerging concept of organ printing or robotic additive biofabrication of an intra-organ branched vascular tree, based on the ability of vascular tissue spheroids to undergo self-assembly. WHAT THE READER WILL GAIN The feasibility and challenges of this robotic biofabrication approach to intra-organ vascularization for tissue engineering based on organ-printing technology using self-assembling vascular tissue spheroids including clinically relevantly vascular cell sources are analyzed. TAKE HOME MESSAGE It is not possible to engineer 3D thick tissue or organ constructs without effective vascularization. An effective intra-organ vascular system cannot be built by the simple connection of large-diameter vessels and microvessels. Successful engineering of functional human organs suitable for surgical implantation will require concomitant engineering of a 'built in' intra-organ branched vascular system. Organ printing enables biofabrication of human organ constructs with a 'built in' intra-organ branched vascular tree.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard P Visconti
- Medical University of South Carolina, Bioprinting Research Center, Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
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43
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Abstract
In this chapter, we review the working hypothesis that the roots of adult valvular heart disease (VHD) lie in embryonic development. Valvulogenesis is a complex process in which growth factors signal the process of endocardium-to-mesenchyme transformation (EMT) resulting in formation of prevalvular "cushions." The post-EMT processes, whereby cushions are morphogenetically remolded into valve leaflets, are less well understood, but they require periostin. Mice with targeted deletion of periostin develop degenerative changes similar to human forms of VHD. Mitral valves are also abnormally elongated in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), which plays an important role in clinical disease expression. However, the mechanism for this is unclear, but correlates with enhanced expression of periostin in a specific population of ventricular cells derived from the embryonic proepicardial organ, which accumulate at sites where valvular endocardial EMT is reactivated. Collectively, these findings suggest that developmental mechanisms underlie adult valve responses to genetic mutations in degenerative VHD and HCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger R Markwald
- Cardiovascular Developmental Biology Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425, USA.
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44
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Ghatak S, Hascall VC, Markwald RR, Misra S. Stromal hyaluronan interaction with epithelial CD44 variants promotes prostate cancer invasiveness by augmenting expression and function of hepatocyte growth factor and androgen receptor. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:19821-32. [PMID: 20200161 PMCID: PMC2888393 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.104273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The main aim of our study is to determine the significance of the stromal microenvironment in the malignant behavior of prostate cancer. The stroma-derived growth factors/cytokines and hyaluronan act in autocrine/paracrine ways with their receptors, including receptor-tyrosine kinases and CD44 variants (CD44v), to potentiate and support tumor epithelial cell survival. Overexpression of hyaluronan, CD44v9 variants, and stroma-derived growth factors/cytokines are specific features in many cancers, including prostate cancer. Androgen/androgen receptor interaction has a critical role in regulating prostate cancer growth. Our previous study showed that 1) that increased synthesis of hyaluronan in normal epithelial cells promotes expression of CD44 variants; 2) hyaluronan interaction with CD44v6-v9 promotes activation of receptor-tyrosine kinase, which stimulates phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-induced cell survival pathways; and 3) CD44v6/short hairpin RNA reduces colon tumor growth in vivo (Misra, S., Hascall, V. C., De Giovanni, C., Markwald, R. R., and Ghatak, S. (2009) J. Biol. Chem. 284, 12432–12446). Our results now show that hepatocyte growth factor synthesized by myofibroblasts associated with prostate cancer cells induces activation of HGF-receptor/cMet and stimulates hyaluronan/CD44v9 signaling. This, in turn, stabilizes the androgen receptor functions in prostate cancer cells. The stroma-derived HGF induces a lipid raft-associated signaling complex that contains CD44v9, cMet/phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, HSP90 and androgen receptor. CD44v9/short hairpin RNA reverses the assembly of these components in the complex and inhibits androgen receptor function. Our results provide new insight into the hyaluronan/CD44v9-regulated androgen receptor function and the consequent malignant activities in prostate cancer cells. The present study describes a physiologically relevant in vitro model for studying the molecular mechanisms by which stroma-derived HGF and hyaluronan influence androgen receptor and CD44 functions in the secretory epithelia during prostate carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shibnath Ghatak
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology and Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, 171 Ashley Ave., Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
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45
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Teekakirikul P, Eminaga S, Toka O, Wang L, Wakimoto H, Nayor M, Konno T, Wolf CM, Alcalai R, Gorham J, Schmitt JP, Caine B, Markwald RR, Hoffman SR, Molkentin JD, Seidman CE, Seidman JG. INHIBITION OF CARDIAC FIBROSIS MEDIATED BY NON-MYOCYTE PROLIFERATION IN HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY. J Am Coll Cardiol 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s0735-1097(10)60200-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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46
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Neagu A, Mironov V, Kosztin I, Barz B, Neagu M, Moreno-Rodriguez RA, Markwald RR, Forgacs G. Computational modeling of epithelial-mesenchymal transformations. Biosystems 2009; 100:23-30. [PMID: 20005917 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystems.2009.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2009] [Revised: 11/17/2009] [Accepted: 12/03/2009] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
An epithelial-mesenchymal transformation (EMT) involves alterations in cell-cell and cell-matrix adhesion, the detachment of epithelial cells from their neighbors, the degradation of the basal lamina and acquisition of mesenchymal phenotype. Here we present Monte Carlo simulations for a specific EMT in early heart development: the formation of cardiac cushions. Cell rearrangements are described in accordance with Steinberg's differential adhesion hypothesis, which states that cells possess a type-dependent adhesion apparatus and are sufficiently motile to give rise to the tissue conformation with the largest number of strong bonds. We also implement epithelial and mesenchymal cell proliferation, cell type change and extracellular matrix production by mesenchymal cells. Our results show that an EMT is promoted more efficiently by an increase in cell-substrate adhesion than by a decrease in cell-cell adhesion. In addition to cushion tissue formation, the model also accounts for the phenomena of matrix invasion and mesenchymal condensation. We conclude that in order to maintain epithelial integrity during EMT the number of epithelial cells must increase at a controlled rate. Our model predictions are in qualitative agreement with available experimental data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Neagu
- Department of Physics, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
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47
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Norris RA, Moreno-Rodriguez R, Hoffman S, Markwald RR. The many facets of the matricelluar protein periostin during cardiac development, remodeling, and pathophysiology. J Cell Commun Signal 2009; 3:275-86. [PMID: 19798597 PMCID: PMC2778583 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-009-0063-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2009] [Accepted: 08/20/2009] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Periostin is a member of a growing family of matricellular proteins, defined by their ability to interact with components of the extracellular milieu, and with receptors at the cell surface. Through these interactions, periostin has been shown to play a crucial role as a profibrogenic molecule during tissue morphogenesis. Tissues destined to become fibrous structures are dependent on cooperative interactions between periostin and its binding partners, whereas in its absence, these structures either totally or partially fail to become mature fibrous entities. Within the heart, fibrogenic differentiation is required for normal tissue maturation, remodeling and function, as well as in response to a pathological myocardial insult. In this review, aspects related to the function of periostin during cardiac morphogenesis, remodeling and pathology are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell A Norris
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Medical University of South Carolina, BSB Suite 601, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC 29425 USA
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48
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Tkatchenko TV, Moreno-Rodriguez RA, Conway SJ, Molkentin JD, Markwald RR, Tkatchenko AV. Lack of periostin leads to suppression of Notch1 signaling and calcific aortic valve disease. Physiol Genomics 2009; 39:160-8. [PMID: 19723774 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00078.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The Postn gene encodes protein periostin. During embryonic development, it is highly expressed in the outflow tract (OFT) endocardial cushions of the developing heart, which give rise to several structures of the mature heart including the aortic valve. Periostin was previously implicated in osteoblast differentiation, cancer metastasis, and tooth and bone development, but its role in cardiac OFT development is unclear. To elucidate the role that periostin plays in the developing heart we analyzed cardiac OFT phenotype in mice after deletion of the Postn gene. We found that lack of periostin in the embryonic OFT leads to ectopic expression of the proosteogenic growth factor pleiotrophin (Ptn) and overexpression of delta-like 1 homolog (Dlk1), a negative regulator of Notch1, in the distal (prevalvular) cushions of the OFT. This resulted in suppression of Notch1 signaling, strong induction of the central transcriptional regulator of osteoblast cell fate Runx2, upregulation of osteopontin and osteocalcin expression, and subsequent calcification of the aortic valve. Our data suggest that periostin represses a default osteogenic program in the OFT cushion mesenchyme and promotes differentiation along a fibrogenic lineage. Lack of periostin causes derepression of the osteogenic potential of OFT mesenchymal cells, calcium deposition, and calcific aortic valve disease. These results establish periostin as a key regulator of OFT endocardial cushion mesenchymal cell fate during embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana V Tkatchenko
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA
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49
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Li G, Jin R, Norris RA, Zhang L, Yu S, Wu F, Markwald RR, Nanda A, Conway SJ, Smyth SS, Granger DN. Periostin mediates vascular smooth muscle cell migration through the integrins alphavbeta3 and alphavbeta5 and focal adhesion kinase (FAK) pathway. Atherosclerosis 2009; 208:358-65. [PMID: 19695571 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2009.07.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2009] [Revised: 07/23/2009] [Accepted: 07/23/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Smooth muscle cell (SMC) migration involves interactions of integrin receptors with extracellular matrix (ECM) and is an important process of neointimal formation in atherosclerosis and restenosis after vascular interventions. Previous studies have shown that periostin (PN), a novel ECM protein, is upregulated in rat carotid artery after balloon injury, and growth factor-stimulated expression of PN promotes SMC migration in vitro. Here, we address the mechanism by which PN-integrin interaction mediates SMC migration in vitro. Aortic SMCs isolated from PN null mice exhibited a significantly reduced ability to migrate and proliferate in vitro. Endogenous PN protein was absent and very low in the culture medium from the primary cultures of PN-/- and wildtype SMCs, respectively. In both types of SMCs, adenovirus-mediated overexpression of HA-tagged PN to a similar extent, which induced a robust cell migration concomitantly with an increase in beta3-integrin expression and phosphorylation of FAK (Tyr397). Furthermore, in cultured human SMCs, specific integrin blocking antibodies showed that interactions of PN-alphanubeta3 and PN-alphanubeta5, but not PN-beta1 integrins, are required for SMC migration. Inhibition of FAK signaling by overexpression of an endogenous FAK inhibitor termed FRNK (FAK-related nonkinase) significantly attenuated FAK (Tyr397) phosphorylation and the SMC migration induced by PN. These results reveal a mechanism whereby PN mediates vascular SMC migration through an interaction with alphaV-integrins (mainly alphanubeta3) and subsequent activation of FAK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guohong Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA, United States.
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50
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Norris RA, Potts JD, Yost MJ, Junor L, Brooks T, Tan H, Hoffman S, Hart MM, Kern MJ, Damon B, Markwald RR, Goodwin RL. Periostin promotes a fibroblastic lineage pathway in atrioventricular valve progenitor cells. Dev Dyn 2009; 238:1052-63. [PMID: 19334280 PMCID: PMC2886283 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.21933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Differentiation of prevalvular mesenchyme into valve fibroblasts is an integral step towards the development of functionally mature cardiac valves. Although clinically relevant, little is known regarding the molecular and cellular mechanisms by which this process proceeds. Genes that are regulated in a spatio-temporal pattern during valve remodeling are candidates for affecting this differentiation process. Based on its expression pattern, we have focused our studies on the role of the matricellular gene, periostin, in regulating the differentiation of cushion mesenchymal cells into valve fibroblasts. Herein, we demonstrate that periostin expression is coincident with and regulates type I collagen protein production, a major component of mature valve tissue. Adenoviral-mediated knock-down of periostin in atrioventricular mesenchyme resulted in a decrease in collagen I protein expression and aberrant induction of myocyte markers indicating an alteration in AV mesenchyme differentiation. In vitro analyses using a novel "cardiotube" assay further demonstrated that expression of periostin regulates lineage commitment of valve precursor cells. In these cells, expression of periostin and collagen I are regulated, in part, by TGFbeta-3. We further demonstrate that TGFbeta-3, through a periostin/collagen pathway, enhances the viscoelastic properties of AV cushion tissue surface tension and plays a crucial role in regulating valve remodeling. Thus, data presented here demonstrate that periostin, a TGFbeta-3 responsive gene, functions as a crucial mediator of chick AV valve maturation via promoting mesenchymal-to-fibroblast differentiation while blocking differentiation of alternative cell types (myocytes).
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell A Norris
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425, USA.
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