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Goldstein ME, Ignacio MA, Loube JM, Whorton MR, Scull MA. Human Stimulator of Interferon Genes Promotes Rhinovirus C Replication in Mouse Cells In Vitro and In Vivo. Viruses 2024; 16:1282. [PMID: 39205256 PMCID: PMC11358906 DOI: 10.3390/v16081282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Revised: 08/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Rhinovirus C (RV-C) infects airway epithelial cells and is an important cause of acute respiratory disease in humans. To interrogate the mechanisms of RV-C-mediated disease, animal models are essential. Towards this, RV-C infection was recently reported in wild-type (WT) mice, yet, titers were not sustained. Therefore, the requirements for RV-C infection in mice remain unclear. Notably, prior work has implicated human cadherin-related family member 3 (CDHR3) and stimulator of interferon genes (STING) as essential host factors for virus uptake and replication, respectively. Here, we report that even though human (h) and murine (m) CDHR3 orthologs have similar tissue distribution, amino acid sequence homology is limited. Further, while RV-C can replicate in mouse lung epithelial type 1 (LET1) cells and produce infectious virus, we observed a significant increase in the frequency and intensity of dsRNA-positive cells following hSTING expression. Based on these findings, we sought to assess the impact of hCDHR3 and hSTING on RV-C infection in mice in vivo. Thus, we developed hCDHR3 transgenic mice, and utilized adeno-associated virus (AAV) to deliver hSTING to the murine airways. Subsequent challenge of these mice with RV-C15 revealed significantly higher titers 24 h post-infection in mice expressing both hCDHR3 and hSTING-compared to either WT mice, or mice with hCDHR3 or hSTING alone, indicating more efficient infection. Ultimately, this mouse model can be further engineered to establish a robust in vivo model, recapitulating viral dynamics and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monty E. Goldstein
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, Maryland Pathogen Research Institute, 3134 Biosciences Research Building, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Maxinne A. Ignacio
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, Maryland Pathogen Research Institute, 3134 Biosciences Research Building, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Jeffrey M. Loube
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, Maryland Pathogen Research Institute, 3134 Biosciences Research Building, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Matthew R. Whorton
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Margaret A. Scull
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, Maryland Pathogen Research Institute, 3134 Biosciences Research Building, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
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2
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Warren KJ, Poole JA, Sweeter JM, DeVasure JM, Dickinson JD, Peebles RS, Wyatt TA. Neutralization of IL-33 modifies the type 2 and type 3 inflammatory signature of viral induced asthma exacerbation. Respir Res 2021; 22:206. [PMID: 34266437 PMCID: PMC8281667 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-021-01799-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Respiratory viral infections are one of the leading causes of need for emergency care and hospitalizations in asthmatic individuals, and airway-secreted cytokines are released within hours of viral infection to initiate these exacerbations. IL-33, specifically, contributes to these allergic exacerbations by amplifying type 2 inflammation. We hypothesized that blocking IL-33 in RSV-induced exacerbation would significantly reduce allergic inflammation. Methods Sensitized BALB/c mice were challenged with aerosolized ovalbumin (OVA) to establish allergic inflammation, followed by RSV-A2 infection to yield four treatment groups: saline only (Saline), RSV-infected alone (RSV), OVA alone (OVA), and OVA-treated with RSV infection (OVA-RSV). Lung outcomes included lung mRNA and protein markers of allergic inflammation, histology for mucus cell metaplasia and lung immune cell influx by cytospin and flow cytometry. Results While thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) and IL-33 were detected 6 h after RSV infection in the OVA-RSV mice, IL-23 protein was uniquely upregulated in RSV-infected mice alone. OVA-RSV animals varied from RSV- or OVA-treated mice as they had increased lung eosinophils, neutrophils, group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2) and group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3) detectable as early as 6 h after RSV infection. Neutralized IL-33 significantly reduced ILC2 and eosinophils, and the prototypical allergic proteins, IL-5, IL-13, CCL17 and CCL22 in OVA-RSV mice. Numbers of neutrophils and ILC3 were also reduced with anti-IL-33 treatment in both RSV and OVA-RSV treated animals as well. Conclusions Taken together, our findings indicate a broad reduction in allergic-proinflammatory events mediated by IL-33 neutralization in RSV-induced asthma exacerbation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristi J Warren
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah Health, 26 N 1900 E, Salt Lake City, UT, 84132, USA. .,VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, Salt Lake City, UT, 84148, USA.
| | - Jill A Poole
- Critical Care and Sleep Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, USA
| | - Jenea M Sweeter
- Critical Care and Sleep Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, USA
| | - Jane M DeVasure
- Critical Care and Sleep Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, USA
| | - John D Dickinson
- Critical Care and Sleep Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, USA
| | - R Stokes Peebles
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, USA
| | - Todd A Wyatt
- Critical Care and Sleep Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, USA.,Department of Environmental, Agricultural and Occupational Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5910, USA.,VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, 68105, USA
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3
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Girkin J, Loo SL, Esneau C, Maltby S, Mercuri F, Chua B, Reid AT, Veerati PC, Grainge CL, Wark PAB, Knight D, Jackson D, Demaison C, Bartlett NW. TLR2-mediated innate immune priming boosts lung anti-viral immunity. Eur Respir J 2021; 58:13993003.01584-2020. [PMID: 33303547 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01584-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We assessed whether Toll-like receptor (TLR)2 activation boosts the innate immune response to rhinovirus infection, as a treatment strategy for virus-induced respiratory diseases. METHODS We employed treatment with a novel TLR2 agonist (INNA-X) prior to rhinovirus infection in mice, and INNA-X treatment in differentiated human bronchial epithelial cells derived from asthmatic-donors. We assessed viral load, immune cell recruitment, cytokines, type I and III interferon (IFN) production, as well as the lung tissue and epithelial cell immune transcriptome. RESULTS We show, in vivo, that a single INNA-X treatment induced innate immune priming characterised by low-level IFN-λ, Fas ligand, chemokine expression and airway lymphocyte recruitment. Treatment 7 days before infection significantly reduced lung viral load, increased IFN-β/λ expression and inhibited neutrophilic inflammation. Corticosteroid treatment enhanced the anti-inflammatory effects of INNA-X. Treatment 1 day before infection increased expression of 190 lung tissue immune genes. This tissue gene expression signature was absent with INNA-X treatment 7 days before infection, suggesting an alternate mechanism, potentially via establishment of immune cell-mediated mucosal innate immunity. In vitro, INNA-X treatment induced a priming response defined by upregulated IFN-λ, chemokine and anti-microbial gene expression that preceded an accelerated response to infection enriched for nuclear factor (NF)-κB-regulated genes and reduced viral loads, even in epithelial cells derived from asthmatic donors with intrinsic delayed anti-viral immune response. CONCLUSION Airway epithelial cell TLR2 activation induces prolonged innate immune priming, defined by early NF-κB activation, IFN-λ expression and lymphocyte recruitment. This response enhanced anti-viral innate immunity and reduced virus-induced airway inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Girkin
- Viral Immunology and Respiratory Disease group, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, Australia.,These authors contributed equally
| | - Su-Ling Loo
- Viral Immunology and Respiratory Disease group, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, Australia.,These authors contributed equally
| | - Camille Esneau
- Viral Immunology and Respiratory Disease group, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Steven Maltby
- Viral Immunology and Respiratory Disease group, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, Australia
| | | | - Brendon Chua
- Dept of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Andrew T Reid
- Viral Immunology and Respiratory Disease group, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Punnam Chander Veerati
- Viral Immunology and Respiratory Disease group, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Chris L Grainge
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, Australia.,Dept of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Peter A B Wark
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, Australia.,Dept of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Darryl Knight
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, Australia
| | - David Jackson
- Dept of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Nathan W Bartlett
- Viral Immunology and Respiratory Disease group, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia .,Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, Australia
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4
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Krug J, Kiefer A, Koelle J, Vuorinen T, Xepapadaki P, Stanic B, Chiriac MT, Akdis M, Zimmermann T, Papadopoulos NG, Finotto S. TLR7/8 regulates type I and type III interferon signalling in rhinovirus 1b-induced allergic asthma. Eur Respir J 2021; 57:13993003.01562-2020. [PMID: 33303556 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01562-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Interferon (IFN) responses have been reported to be defective in rhinovirus (RV)-induced asthma. The heterodimeric receptor of type I IFN (IFN-α/β) is composed of IFN-αR1 and IFN-αR2. Ligand binding to the IFN-α/β receptor complex activates signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) proteins STAT1 and STAT2 intracellularly. Although type III IFN (IFN-λ) binds to a different receptor containing IFN-λR1 and interleukin-10R2, its triggering leads to activation of the same downstream transcription factors. Here, we analysed the effects of RV on IFN type I and III receptors, and asked about possible Toll-like receptor 7/8 (TLR7/8) agonist R848-mediated IFN-αR1 and IFN-λR1 regulation. METHODS We measured IFN-α, IFN-β and IFN-λ and their receptor levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) supernatants and cell pellets stimulated with RV1b and R848 in two cohorts of children with and without asthma recruited at pre-school age (PreDicta) and at primary school age (AGENDAS) as well as in cell supernatants from total lung cells isolated from mice. RESULTS We observed that R848 induced IFN-λR mRNA expression in PBMCs of healthy and asthmatic children, but suppressed IFN-αR mRNA levels. In murine lung cells, RV1b alone and together with R848 suppressed IFN-αR protein in T-cells compared with controls and in total lung IFN-λR mRNA compared with RV1b infection alone. CONCLUSIONS In PBMCs from pre-school age children, IFN-αR mRNA was reduced and IFN-λR1 mRNA was induced upon treatment with the TLR7/8 agonist R848, thus suggesting new avenues for induction of antiviral immune responses in paediatric asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin Krug
- Dept of Molecular Pneumology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Alexander Kiefer
- Dept of Allergy and Pneumology, Children's Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Julia Koelle
- Dept of Molecular Pneumology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Paraskevi Xepapadaki
- Dept of Allergy, 2nd Pediatric Clinic, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Barbara Stanic
- Musculoskeletal Infection, AO Research Institute Davos, Davos Platz, Switzerland
| | - Mircea T Chiriac
- I Medical Clinic, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Mübeccel Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research, University of Zurich, Davos Wolfgang, Switzerland
| | - Theodor Zimmermann
- Dept of Allergy and Pneumology, Children's Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Nikolaos G Papadopoulos
- Dept of Allergy, 2nd Pediatric Clinic, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Centre for Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Susetta Finotto
- Dept of Molecular Pneumology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
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5
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Williams TC, Jackson DJ, Maltby S, Walton RP, Ching YM, Glanville N, Singanayagam A, Brewins JJ, Clarke D, Hirsman AG, Loo SL, Wei L, Beale JE, Casolari P, Caramori G, Papi A, Belvisi M, Wark PAB, Johnston SL, Edwards MR, Bartlett NW. Rhinovirus-induced CCL17 and CCL22 in Asthma Exacerbations and Differential Regulation by STAT6. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2021; 64:344-356. [PMID: 33264064 PMCID: PMC7909342 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2020-0011oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The interplay of type-2 inflammation and antiviral immunity underpins asthma exacerbation pathogenesis. Virus infection induces type-2 inflammation-promoting chemokines CCL17 and CCL22 in asthma; however, mechanisms regulating induction are poorly understood. By using a human rhinovirus (RV) challenge model in human airway epithelial cells in vitro and mice in vivo, we assessed mechanisms regulating CCL17 and CCL22 expression. Subjects with mild to moderate asthma and healthy volunteers were experimentally infected with RV and airway CCL17 and CCL22 protein quantified. In vitro airway epithelial cell- and mouse-RV infection models were then used to define STAT6- and NF-κB-mediated regulation of CCL17 and CCL22 expression. Following RV infection, CCL17 and CCL22 expression was higher in asthma, which differentially correlated with clinical and immunological parameters. Air-liquid interface-differentiated primary epithelial cells from donors with asthma also expressed higher levels of RV-induced CCL22. RV infection boosted type-2 cytokine-induced STAT6 activation. In epithelial cells, type-2 cytokines and STAT6 activation had differential effects on chemokine expression, increasing CCL17 and suppressing CCL22, whereas NF-κB promoted expression of both chemokines. In mice, RV infection activated pulmonary STAT6, which was required for CCL17 but not CCL22 expression. STAT6-knockout mice infected with RV expressed increased levels of NF-κB-regulated chemokines, which was associated with rapid viral clearance. Therefore, RV-induced upregulation of CCL17 and CCL22 was mediated by NF-κB activation, whereas expression was differentially regulated by STAT6. Together, these findings suggest that therapeutic targeting of type-2 STAT6 activation alone will not block all inflammatory pathways during RV infection in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa C. Williams
- School of Biomedical Science and Pharmacy, Faculty Health and Medicine and Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - David J. Jackson
- Asthma UK Centre, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- Guy’s Severe Asthma Centre, Guy’s & St. Thomas’ National Health Service Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Steven Maltby
- School of Biomedical Science and Pharmacy, Faculty Health and Medicine and Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ross P. Walton
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yee-Mann Ching
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas Glanville
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Aran Singanayagam
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer J. Brewins
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Deborah Clarke
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity Department, MedImmune, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Aurica G. Hirsman
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Su-Ling Loo
- School of Biomedical Science and Pharmacy, Faculty Health and Medicine and Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Lan Wei
- School of Biomedical Science and Pharmacy, Faculty Health and Medicine and Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Janine E. Beale
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Paolo Casolari
- Interdepartmental Study Center for Inflammatory and Smoke-Related Airway Diseases, Cardiorespiratory and Internal Medicine Section, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Gaetano Caramori
- Interdepartmental Study Center for Inflammatory and Smoke-Related Airway Diseases, Cardiorespiratory and Internal Medicine Section, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Pneumologia, Odontoiatriche e delle Immagini Morfologiche e Funzionali, Università degli Studi di Messina, Messina, Italy; and
| | - Alberto Papi
- Interdepartmental Study Center for Inflammatory and Smoke-Related Airway Diseases, Cardiorespiratory and Internal Medicine Section, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Maria Belvisi
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity Department, MedImmune, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Peter A. B. Wark
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Michael R. Edwards
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nathan W. Bartlett
- School of Biomedical Science and Pharmacy, Faculty Health and Medicine and Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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6
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Pazderova P, Waltl EE, Niederberger-Leppin V, Flicker S, Valenta R, Niespodziana K. ELISA-Based Assay for Studying Major and Minor Group Rhinovirus-Receptor Interactions. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:E315. [PMID: 32570763 PMCID: PMC7350259 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8020315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhinovirus (RV) infections are a major cause of recurrent common colds and trigger severe exacerbations of chronic respiratory diseases. Major challenges for the development of vaccines for RV include the virus occurring in the form of approximately 160 different serotypes, using different receptors, and the need for preclinical models for the screening of vaccine candidates and antiviral compounds. We report the establishment and characterization of an ELISA-based assay for studying major and minor group RV-receptor interactions. This assay is based on the interaction of purified virus with plate-bound human receptor proteins, intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), and low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR). Using RV strain-specific antibodies, we demonstrate the specific binding of a panel of major and minor RV group types including RV-A and RV-B strains to ICAM-1 and LDLR, respectively. We show that the RV-receptor interaction can be blocked with receptor-specific antibodies as well as with soluble receptors and neutralizing RV-specific antibodies. The assay is more sensitive than a cell culture-based virus neutralization test. The ELISA assay will therefore be useful for the preclinical evaluation for preventive and therapeutic strategies targeting the RV-receptor interaction, such as vaccines, antibodies, and anti-viral compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Pazderova
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria; (P.P.); (S.F.); (R.V.)
| | - Eva E. Waltl
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria; (E.E.W.); (V.N.-L.)
| | - Verena Niederberger-Leppin
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria; (E.E.W.); (V.N.-L.)
| | - Sabine Flicker
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria; (P.P.); (S.F.); (R.V.)
| | - Rudolf Valenta
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria; (P.P.); (S.F.); (R.V.)
- NRC Institute of Immunology FMBA of Russia, 115478 Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory for Immunopathology, Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119435 Moscow, Russia
- Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, 3500 Krems, Austria
| | - Katarzyna Niespodziana
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria; (P.P.); (S.F.); (R.V.)
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7
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Impact of Rhinovirus Infections in Children. Viruses 2019; 11:v11060521. [PMID: 31195744 PMCID: PMC6632063 DOI: 10.3390/v11060521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhinovirus (RV) is an RNA virus that causes more than 50% of upper respiratory tract infections in humans worldwide. Together with Respiratory Syncytial Virus, RV is one of the leading causes of viral bronchiolitis in infants and the most common virus associated with wheezing in children aged between one and two years. Because of its tremendous genetic diversity (>150 serotypes), the recurrence of RV infections each year is quite typical. Furthermore, because of its broad clinical spectrum, the clinical variability as well as the pathogenesis of RV infection are nowadays the subjects of an in-depth examination and have been the subject of several studies in the literature. In fact, the virus is responsible for direct cell cytotoxicity in only a small way, and it is now clearer than ever that it may act indirectly by triggering the release of active mediators by structural and inflammatory airway cells, causing the onset and/or the acute exacerbation of asthmatic events in predisposed children. In the present review, we aim to summarize the RV infection's epidemiology, pathogenetic hypotheses, and available treatment options as well as its correlation with respiratory morbidity and mortality in the pediatric population.
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8
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Rowell J, Lo CY, Price GE, Misplon JA, Crim RL, Jayanti P, Beeler J, Epstein SL. The effect of respiratory viruses on immunogenicity and protection induced by a candidate universal influenza vaccine in mice. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0215321. [PMID: 30986224 PMCID: PMC6464343 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0215321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Current approaches to influenza control rely on vaccines matched to viruses in circulation. Universal influenza vaccines would offer the advantage of providing broad protection against diverse strains of influenza virus. Candidate universal vaccines are developed using model systems, often testing in naïve animals. Yet the human population is not naïve, having varied immune histories that include exposure to viruses. We studied a candidate universal influenza vaccine (replication deficient adenoviruses expressing the conserved influenza A antigens NP and M2 [A/NP+M2-rAd]) given intranasally, the route previously shown to be most effective. To model recipients exposed to viruses, we used mice given rhinovirus (RV1B), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV-A2), influenza B virus, or influenza A virus before or after universal influenza vaccine. Vaccine performance was assessed by measuring immune responses to NP and M2, and monitoring weight loss and survival following influenza A challenge. Prior influenza A virus infection enhanced the response to the vaccine by priming to conserved influenza A antigens. RSV-A2 or RV1B had no effect on antibody responses to NP and M2 in serum. None of the viruses inhibited the ability of the vaccine to protect against influenza A virus challenge. The study demonstrates that the usefulness of this universal vaccine is not confined to the immunologically naïve and supports possible use in a human population with a varied history of respiratory infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janelle Rowell
- Office of Tissues and Advanced Therapies, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Chia-Yun Lo
- Office of Tissues and Advanced Therapies, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Graeme E. Price
- Office of Tissues and Advanced Therapies, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Julia A. Misplon
- Office of Tissues and Advanced Therapies, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Roberta L. Crim
- Office of Vaccines Research and Review, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Priyanka Jayanti
- Office of Vaccines Research and Review, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Judy Beeler
- Office of Vaccines Research and Review, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Suzanne L. Epstein
- Office of Tissues and Advanced Therapies, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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9
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Girkin J, Maltby S, Singanayagam A, Bartlett N, Mallia P. In vivo experimental models of infection and disease. RHINOVIRUS INFECTIONS 2019. [PMCID: PMC7149593 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-816417-4.00008-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Human and animal models continue to play a crucial role in research to understand host immunity to rhinovirus (RV) and identify disease mechanisms. Human models have provided direct evidence that RV infection is capable of exacerbating chronic respiratory diseases and identified immunological processes that correlate with clinical disease outcomes. Mice are the most commonly used nonhuman experimental RV infection model. Although semipermissive, under defined experimental conditions sufficient replication occurs to induce host immune responses that recapitulate immunity and disease during human infection. The capacity to use genetically modified mouse strains and drug interventions has shown the mouse model to be an invaluable research tool defining causal relationships between host immunity and disease and supporting development of new treatments. Used in combination the insights achieved from human and animal experimental infection models provide complementary insights into RV biology and yield novel therapeutic options to reduce the burden of RV-induced disease.
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10
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Development of a respiratory disease model for enterovirus D68 in 4-week-old mice for evaluation of antiviral therapies. Antiviral Res 2018; 162:61-70. [PMID: 30521834 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2018.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) is a non-polio enterovirus that affects the respiratory system and can cause serious complications, especially in children and older people with weakened immune systems. As an emerging virus, there are no current antiviral therapies or vaccines available. Our goal was to develop a mouse model of human EV-D68 infection that mimicked the disease observed in humans and could be used for evaluation of experimental therapeutics. This is the first report of a respiratory disease model for EV-D68 infection in mice. We adapted the virus by 30 serial passages in AG129 mice, which are deficient in IFN- α/β and -γ receptors. Despite a lack of weight loss or mortality in mice, lung function measured by plethysmography, showed an increase in enhanced pause (Penh) on days 6 and 7 post-infection. In addition, as virus adapted to mice, virus titer in the lungs increased 50-fold, and the pro-inflammatory cytokines MCP-1 and RANTES increased 15-fold and 2-fold in the lung, respectively. In addition, a time course of mouse-adapted EV-D68 infection was determined in lung, blood, liver, kidney, spleen, leg muscle, spinal cord and brain. Virus in the lung replicated rapidly after intranasal inoculation of adapted virus, 106 CCID50/mL by 4 h and 108.3 CCID50/mL by 24 h. Virus then spread to the blood and other tissues, including spinal cord and brain. This mouse model for EV-D68 infection includes enhanced pause (Penh) as an indicator of morbidity, and viremia, virus titers and proinflammatory cytokines in the lung, and lung histopathology as indicators of disease. Our mouse-adapted virus has a similar antiviral profile to the original isolate as well as another respiratory picornavirus, rhinovirus-14. This model will be valuable in evaluating experimental therapies in the future.
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Lo D, Kennedy JL, Kurten RC, Panettieri RA, Koziol-White CJ. Modulation of airway hyperresponsiveness by rhinovirus exposure. Respir Res 2018; 19:208. [PMID: 30373568 PMCID: PMC6206673 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-018-0914-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Rhinovirus (RV) exposure has been implicated in childhood development of wheeze evoking asthma and exacerbations of underlying airways disease. Studies such as the Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood (COPSAC) and Childhood Origins of ASThma (COAST) have identified RV as a pathogen inducing severe respiratory disease. RVs also modulate airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), a key characteristic of such diseases. Although potential factors underlying mechanisms by which RV induces AHR have been postulated, the precise mechanisms of AHR following RV exposure remain elusive. A challenge to RV-related research stems from inadequate models for study. While human models raise ethical concerns and are relatively difficult in terms of subject recruitment, murine models are limited by susceptibility of infection to the relatively uncommon minor group (RV-B) serotypes, strains that are generally associated with infrequent clinical respiratory virus infections. Although a transgenic mouse strain that has been developed has enhanced susceptibility for infection with the common major group (RV-A) serotypes, few studies have focused on RV in the context of allergic airways disease rather than understanding RV-induced AHR. Recently, the receptor for the virulent RV-C CDHR3, was identified, but a dearth of studies have examined RV-C-induced effects in humans. Currently, the mechanisms by which RV infections modulate airway smooth muscle (ASM) shortening or excitation-contraction coupling remain elusive. Further, only one study has investigated the effects of RV on bronchodilatory mechanisms, with only speculation as to mechanisms underlying RV-mediated modulation of bronchoconstriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Lo
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers Institute for Translational Medicine and Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Joshua L Kennedy
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy and Immunology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Richard C Kurten
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Reynold A Panettieri
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers Institute for Translational Medicine and Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Cynthia J Koziol-White
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers Institute for Translational Medicine and Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
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12
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Immunoproteasomes as a novel antiviral mechanism in rhinovirus-infected airways. Clin Sci (Lond) 2018; 132:1711-1723. [PMID: 29980604 DOI: 10.1042/cs20180337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Rhinovirus (RV) infection is involved in acute exacerbations of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). RV primarily infects upper and lower airway epithelium. Immunoproteasomes (IP) are proteolytic machineries with multiple functions including the regulation of MHC class I antigen processing during viral infection. However, the role of IP in RV infection has not been explored. We sought to investigate the expression and function of IP during airway RV infection. Primary human tracheobronchial epithelial (HTBE) cells were cultured at air-liquid interface (ALI) and treated with RV16, RV1B, or interferon (IFN)-λ in the absence or presence of an IP inhibitor (ONX-0914). IP gene (i.e. LMP2) deficient mouse tracheal epithelial cells (mTECs) were cultured for the mechanistic studies. LMP2-deficient mouse model was used to define the in vivo role of IP in RV infection. IP subunits LMP2 and LMP7, antiviral genes MX1 and OAS1 and viral load were measured. Both RV16 and RV1B significantly increased the expression of LMP2 and LMP7 mRNA and proteins, and IFN-λ mRNA in HTBE cells. ONX-0914 down-regulated MX1 and OAS1, and increased RV16 load in HTBE cells. LMP2-deficient mTECs showed a significant increase in RV1B load compared with the wild-type (WT) cells. LMP2-deficient (compared with WT) mice increased viral load and neutrophils in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid after 24 h of RV1B infection. Mechanistically, IFN-λ induction by RV infection contributed to LMP2 and LMP7 up-regulation in HTBE cells. Our data suggest that IP are induced during airway RV infection, which in turn may serve as an antiviral and anti-inflammatory mechanism.
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Lambkin-Williams R, Noulin N, Mann A, Catchpole A, Gilbert AS. The human viral challenge model: accelerating the evaluation of respiratory antivirals, vaccines and novel diagnostics. Respir Res 2018; 19:123. [PMID: 29929556 PMCID: PMC6013893 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-018-0784-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The Human Viral Challenge (HVC) model has, for many decades, helped in the understanding of respiratory viruses and their role in disease pathogenesis. In a controlled setting using small numbers of volunteers removed from community exposure to other infections, this experimental model enables proof of concept work to be undertaken on novel therapeutics, including vaccines, immunomodulators and antivirals, as well as new diagnostics.Crucially, unlike conventional phase 1 studies, challenge studies include evaluable efficacy endpoints that then guide decisions on how to optimise subsequent field studies, as recommended by the FDA and thus licensing studies that follow. Such a strategy optimises the benefit of the studies and identifies possible threats early on, minimising the risk to subsequent volunteers but also maximising the benefit of scarce resources available to the research group investing in the research. Inspired by the principles of the 3Rs (Replacement, Reduction and Refinement) now commonly applied in the preclinical phase, HVC studies allow refinement and reduction of the subsequent development phase, accelerating progress towards further statistically powered phase 2b studies. The breadth of data generated from challenge studies allows for exploration of a wide range of variables and endpoints that can then be taken through to pivotal phase 3 studies.We describe the disease burden for acute respiratory viral infections for which current conventional development strategies have failed to produce therapeutics that meet clinical need. The Authors describe the HVC model's utility in increasing scientific understanding and in progressing promising therapeutics through development.The contribution of the model to the elucidation of the virus-host interaction, both regarding viral pathogenicity and the body's immunological response is discussed, along with its utility to assist in the development of novel diagnostics.Future applications of the model are also explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rob Lambkin-Williams
- hVIVO Services Limited, Queen Mary BioEnterprises Innovation Centre, 42 New Road, London, England, E1 2AX, UK.
| | - Nicolas Noulin
- hVIVO Services Limited, Queen Mary BioEnterprises Innovation Centre, 42 New Road, London, England, E1 2AX, UK
| | - Alex Mann
- hVIVO Services Limited, Queen Mary BioEnterprises Innovation Centre, 42 New Road, London, England, E1 2AX, UK
| | - Andrew Catchpole
- hVIVO Services Limited, Queen Mary BioEnterprises Innovation Centre, 42 New Road, London, England, E1 2AX, UK
| | - Anthony S Gilbert
- hVIVO Services Limited, Queen Mary BioEnterprises Innovation Centre, 42 New Road, London, England, E1 2AX, UK
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Singanayagam A, Glanville N, Girkin JL, Ching YM, Marcellini A, Porter JD, Toussaint M, Walton RP, Finney LJ, Aniscenko J, Zhu J, Trujillo-Torralbo MB, Calderazzo MA, Grainge C, Loo SL, Veerati PC, Pathinayake PS, Nichol KS, Reid AT, James PL, Solari R, Wark PAB, Knight DA, Moffatt MF, Cookson WO, Edwards MR, Mallia P, Bartlett NW, Johnston SL. Corticosteroid suppression of antiviral immunity increases bacterial loads and mucus production in COPD exacerbations. Nat Commun 2018; 9:2229. [PMID: 29884817 PMCID: PMC5993715 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04574-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) have limited efficacy in reducing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbations and increase pneumonia risk, through unknown mechanisms. Rhinoviruses precipitate most exacerbations and increase susceptibility to secondary bacterial infections. Here, we show that the ICS fluticasone propionate (FP) impairs innate and acquired antiviral immune responses leading to delayed virus clearance and previously unrecognised adverse effects of enhanced mucus, impaired antimicrobial peptide secretion and increased pulmonary bacterial load during virus-induced exacerbations. Exogenous interferon-β reverses these effects. FP suppression of interferon may occur through inhibition of TLR3- and RIG-I virus-sensing pathways. Mice deficient in the type I interferon-α/β receptor (IFNAR1-/-) have suppressed antimicrobial peptide and enhanced mucin responses to rhinovirus infection. This study identifies type I interferon as a central regulator of antibacterial immunity and mucus production. Suppression of interferon by ICS during virus-induced COPD exacerbations likely mediates pneumonia risk and raises suggestion that inhaled interferon-β therapy may protect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aran Singanayagam
- COPD and Asthma Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Nicholas Glanville
- COPD and Asthma Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Jason L Girkin
- Faculty of Health and Medicine and Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, 2305, Australia
| | - Yee Man Ching
- COPD and Asthma Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Andrea Marcellini
- COPD and Asthma Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - James D Porter
- COPD and Asthma Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Marie Toussaint
- COPD and Asthma Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Ross P Walton
- COPD and Asthma Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Lydia J Finney
- COPD and Asthma Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Julia Aniscenko
- COPD and Asthma Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Jie Zhu
- COPD and Asthma Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Maria-Belen Trujillo-Torralbo
- COPD and Asthma Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Maria Adelaide Calderazzo
- COPD and Asthma Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Chris Grainge
- Faculty of Health and Medicine and Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, 2305, Australia
| | - Su-Ling Loo
- Faculty of Health and Medicine and Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, 2305, Australia
| | - Punnam Chander Veerati
- Faculty of Health and Medicine and Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, 2305, Australia
| | - Prabuddha S Pathinayake
- Faculty of Health and Medicine and Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, 2305, Australia
| | - Kristy S Nichol
- Faculty of Health and Medicine and Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, 2305, Australia
| | - Andrew T Reid
- Faculty of Health and Medicine and Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, 2305, Australia
| | - Phillip L James
- Genomic Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Cale Street, London, SW3 6LY, UK
| | - Roberto Solari
- COPD and Asthma Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Peter A B Wark
- Faculty of Health and Medicine and Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, 2305, Australia
| | - Darryl A Knight
- Faculty of Health and Medicine and Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, 2305, Australia
| | - Miriam F Moffatt
- Genomic Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Cale Street, London, SW3 6LY, UK
| | - William O Cookson
- Genomic Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Cale Street, London, SW3 6LY, UK
| | - Michael R Edwards
- COPD and Asthma Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Patrick Mallia
- COPD and Asthma Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Nathan W Bartlett
- COPD and Asthma Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, London, W2 1PG, UK.
- Faculty of Health and Medicine and Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, 2305, Australia.
| | - Sebastian L Johnston
- COPD and Asthma Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, London, W2 1PG, UK.
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Mahmutovic Persson I, Akbarshahi H, Menzel M, Brandelius A, Uller L. Increased expression of upstream TH2-cytokines in a mouse model of viral-induced asthma exacerbation. J Transl Med 2016; 14:52. [PMID: 26879906 PMCID: PMC4754855 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-016-0808-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Exacerbations of asthma caused by respiratory viral infections are serious conditions in need of novel treatment. To this end animal models of asthma exacerbations are warranted. We have shown that dsRNA challenges or rhinoviral infection produce exacerbation effects in mice with ovalbumin (OVA)-induced allergic asthma. However, house dust mite (HDM) is a more human asthma-relevant allergen than OVA. We thus hypothesised that dsRNA challenges in mice with HDM-induced experimental asthma would produce important translational features of asthma exacerbations. Method Mouse airways were challenged locally with HDM or saline three times a week for three weeks to establish experimental asthma. Then daily local dsRNA challenges were given for three consecutive days to induce exacerbation. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was analysed for inflammatory cells, total protein, the necrosis marker LDH and the alarmin ATP. Lung homogenates were analysed for mRNA expression (RT-qPCR) of TNF-α, CCL2, CCL5, IL-1β, IL-33, thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), and IL-25 as well as pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) RIG-I, MDA5 and TLR3. Lung tissue IL-33 was analysed with ELISA and PRRs were quantified by western blot. Immunohistochemistry indicated lung distribution of IL-33. Results HDM challenge alone caused sustained increase in BALF total protein, eosinophils, lymphocytes and neutrophils, and transient increase in lung tissue expression of TSLP, IL-33 and TNF-α. dsRNA-induced exacerbation markedly and dose-dependently exaggerated these effects. Further, BALF levels of LDH and ATP, and lung tissue expression of CCL2, CCL5, IL-1β, IL-25 and PRRs were increased exclusively at the exacerbations. Lung protein levels of IL-33 were transiently increased by HDM and further increased at exacerbation. Conclusion We demonstrate several novel aspects of HDM-induced experimental asthma and added exacerbation effects of dsRNA. General inflammatory parameters in BALF such as exuded proteins, mixed granulocytes, LDH and ATP were increased at the present exacerbations as they are in human asthma exacerbations. We suggest that this model of asthma exacerbation involving dsRNA challenges given to mice with established HDM-induced asthma has translational value and suggest that it may be particularly suited for in vivo studies involving pharmacological effects on exacerbation-induced expression of major upstream TH2-cytokines; IL-33, TSLP and IL-25, as well as PRRs. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12967-016-0808-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irma Mahmutovic Persson
- Department Experimental Medical Science, Unit of Respiratory Immunopharmacology, Lund University, BMC D12, 221 84, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Hamid Akbarshahi
- Department Experimental Medical Science, Unit of Respiratory Immunopharmacology, Lund University, BMC D12, 221 84, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Mandy Menzel
- Department Experimental Medical Science, Unit of Respiratory Immunopharmacology, Lund University, BMC D12, 221 84, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Angelica Brandelius
- Department Experimental Medical Science, Unit of Respiratory Immunopharmacology, Lund University, BMC D12, 221 84, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Lena Uller
- Department Experimental Medical Science, Unit of Respiratory Immunopharmacology, Lund University, BMC D12, 221 84, Lund, Sweden.
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Tomusange K, Yu W, Suhrbier A, Wijesundara D, Grubor-Bauk B, Gowans EJ. Engineering human rhinovirus serotype-A1 as a vaccine vector. Virus Res 2015; 203:72-6. [PMID: 25869880 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2015.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Revised: 03/28/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Herein we describe the construction of recombinant human rhinoviruses (rHRVs) encoding HIV Gag or Tat by inserting the full length tat gene or regions of the gag gene flanked by sequences encoding the HRV 2A protease cleavage site into the junction between HRV genes encoding structural (P1) and non-structural (P2) proteins. Most recombinants were unstable, but this was corrected by mutation of the flanking cleavage sites. Thereafter, all rHRV constructs retained the inserts throughout six passages. Such constructs may find utility as vaccine vectors to generate mucosal immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khamis Tomusange
- Virology Laboratory, Basil Hetzel Institute, Discipline of Surgery, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Wenbo Yu
- Virology Laboratory, Basil Hetzel Institute, Discipline of Surgery, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Andreas Suhrbier
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Danushka Wijesundara
- Virology Laboratory, Basil Hetzel Institute, Discipline of Surgery, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Branka Grubor-Bauk
- Virology Laboratory, Basil Hetzel Institute, Discipline of Surgery, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Eric J Gowans
- Virology Laboratory, Basil Hetzel Institute, Discipline of Surgery, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
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