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Pathinayake PS, Hsu ACY, Nichol KS, Horvat JC, Hansbro PM, Wark PAB. Endoplasmic reticulum stress enhances the expression of TLR3-induced TSLP by airway epithelium. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2024; 326:L618-L626. [PMID: 38469627 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00378.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) is an epithelial-derived pleiotropic cytokine that regulates T-helper 2 (Th2) immune responses in the lung and plays a major role in severe uncontrolled asthma. Emerging evidence suggests a role for endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in the pathogenesis of asthma. In this study, we determined if ER stress and the unfolded protein response (UPR) signaling are involved in TSLP induction in the airway epithelium. For this, we treated human bronchial epithelial basal cells and differentiated primary bronchial epithelial cells with ER stress inducers and the TSLP mRNA and protein expression was determined. A series of siRNA gene knockdown experiments were conducted to determine the ER stress-induced TSLP signaling pathways. cDNA collected from asthmatic bronchial biopsies was used to determine the gene correlation between ER stress and TSLP. Our results show that ER stress signaling induces TSLP mRNA expression via the PERK-C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) signaling pathway. AP-1 transcription factor is important in regulating this ER stress-induced TSLP mRNA induction, though ER stress alone cannot induce TSLP protein production. However, ER stress significantly enhances TLR3-induced TSLP protein secretion in the airway epithelium. TSLP and ER stress (PERK) mRNA expression positively correlates in bronchial biopsies from participants with asthma, particularly in neutrophilic asthma. In conclusion, these results suggest that ER stress primes TSLP that is then enhanced further upon TLR3 activation, which may induce severe asthma exacerbations. Targeting ER stress using pharmacological interventions may provide novel therapeutics for severe uncontrolled asthma.NEW & NOTEWORTHY TSLP is an epithelial-derived cytokine and a key regulator in the pathogenesis of severe uncontrolled asthma. We demonstrate a novel mechanism by which endoplasmic reticulum stress signaling upregulates airway epithelial TSLP mRNA expression via the PERK-CHOP signaling pathway and enhances TLR3-mediated TSLP protein secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabuddha S Pathinayake
- Immune Health Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute and School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Alan C-Y Hsu
- Immune Health Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute and School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
- Signature Research Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-National University of Singapore (NUS) Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kristy S Nichol
- Immune Health Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute and School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jay C Horvat
- Immune Health Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute and School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Philip M Hansbro
- Immune Health Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute and School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences, Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Peter A B Wark
- Immune Health Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute and School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- AIRMED Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Veerati PC, Reid AT, Nichol KS, Wark PAB, Knight DA, Bartlett NW, Grainge CL. Mechanical forces suppress antiviral innate immune responses from asthmatic airway epithelial cells following rhinovirus infection. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2023; 325:L206-L214. [PMID: 37280545 PMCID: PMC10396277 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00074.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Bronchoconstriction is the main physiological event in asthma, which leads to worsened clinical symptoms and generates mechanical stress within the airways. Virus infection is the primary cause of exacerbations in people with asthma, however, the impact that bronchoconstriction itself on host antiviral responses and viral replication is currently not well understood. Here we demonstrate how mechanical forces generated during bronchoconstriction may suppress antiviral responses at the airway epithelium without any difference in viral replication. Primary bronchial epithelial cells from donors with asthma were differentiated at the air-liquid interface. Differentiated cells were apically compressed (30 cmH2O) for 10 min every hour for 4 days to mimic bronchoconstriction. Two asthma disease models were developed with the application of compression, either before ("poor asthma control model," n = 7) or following ("exacerbation model," n = 4) rhinovirus (RV) infection. Samples were collected at 0, 24, 48, 72, and 96 h postinfection (hpi). Viral RNA, interferon (IFN)-β, IFN-λ, and host defense antiviral peptide gene expressions were measured along with IFN-β, IFN-λ, TGF-β2, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and IL-8 protein expression. Apical compression significantly suppressed RV-induced IFN-β protein from 48 hpi and IFN-λ from 72 hpi in the poor asthma control model. There was a nonsignificant reduction of both IFN-β and IFN-λ proteins from 48 hpi in the exacerbation model. Despite reductions in antiviral proteins, there was no significant change in viral replication in either model. Compressive stress mimicking bronchoconstriction inhibits antiviral innate immune responses from asthmatic airway epithelial cells when applied before RV infection.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Bronchoconstriction is the main physiological event in asthma, which leads to worsened clinical symptoms and generates mechanical stress within the airways. Virus infection is the primary cause of exacerbations in people with asthma, however, the impact of bronchoconstriction on host antiviral responses and viral replication is unknown. We developed two disease models, in vitro, and found suppressed IFN response from cells following the application of compression and RV-A1 infection. This explains why people with asthma have deficient IFN response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Punnam Chander Veerati
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Asthma and Breathing Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Andrew T Reid
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Asthma and Breathing Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kristy S Nichol
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Immune Health Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Peter A B Wark
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Immune Health Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Darryl A Knight
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Research and Academic Affairs, Providence Health Care Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Nathan W Bartlett
- Immune Health Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Christopher L Grainge
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Asthma and Breathing Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
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Malik B, Bartlett NW, Upham JW, Nichol KS, Harrington J, Wark PAB. Severe asthma ILC2s demonstrate enhanced proliferation that is modified by biologics. Respirology 2023; 28:758-766. [PMID: 37114915 PMCID: PMC10946917 DOI: 10.1111/resp.14506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Type 2 (T2) innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) contribute to airway inflammation and disease in asthma. We hypothesize that ILC2s isolated from people with severe allergic and eosinophilic asthma would exhibit an enhanced T2 inflammatory activity that would be altered following treatment with mepolizumab and omalizumab. We compare peripheral blood (PB) isolated ILC2's proliferative capacity, IL-5 and IL-13 secretion and phenotype between healthy without asthma (HC), non-asthma allergic (NAA), mild asthma (MA) and severe allergic and eosinophilic asthma (SA) subjects. We then determined the impact of 6 months treatment with either mepolizumab or omalizumab on ILC2s physiology of SA subjects. METHODS ILC2s were sorted and cultured in the presence of IL-2, IL-25, IL-33 and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) for 14 days. ILC2s proliferation, phenotypes and functions were assessed using flowcytometry. The ILC2s response was then reassessed following clinically successful treatment of SA subjects with mepolizumab and omalizumab. RESULTS SA ILC2s demonstrated increased proliferative capacity, TSLP receptor (TSLPR), GATA3 and NFATc1 protein expressions and increased IL-5 and IL-13 release. ILC2s were also capable of releasing IL-6 in response to stimulation. Mepolizumab treatment reduced ILC2s proliferative capacity and expression of TSLPR, GATA3 and NFATc1. Both mepolizumab and omalizumab were associated with reduced ILC2s release of IL-5 and IL-13, only mepolizumab reduced IL-6. CONCLUSION ILC2s from severe allergic and eosinophilic asthma demonstrated an active phenotype typified by increased proliferation, TSLPR, GATA3 and NFATc1 expression and increased IL-5, IL-13 and IL-6 release. Mepolizumab reduced markers of ILC2s activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilal Malik
- Immune Health Program, Hunter Medical Research InstituteUniversity of NewcastleCallaghanNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Nathan W. Bartlett
- Immune Health Program, Hunter Medical Research InstituteUniversity of NewcastleCallaghanNew South WalesAustralia
| | - John W. Upham
- Department of Respiratory MedicinePrincess Alexandra HospitalBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Kristy S. Nichol
- Immune Health Program, Hunter Medical Research InstituteUniversity of NewcastleCallaghanNew South WalesAustralia
| | - John Harrington
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep MedicineJohn Hunter HospitalNew Lambton HeightsNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Peter A. B. Wark
- Immune Health Program, Hunter Medical Research InstituteUniversity of NewcastleCallaghanNew South WalesAustralia
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep MedicineJohn Hunter HospitalNew Lambton HeightsNew South WalesAustralia
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Awatade NT, Reid AT, Nichol KS, Budden KF, Veerati PC, Pathinayake PS, Grainge CL, Hansbro PM, Wark PAB. Comparison of commercially available differentiation media on cell morphology, function, and anti-viral responses in conditionally reprogrammed human bronchial epithelial cells. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11200. [PMID: 37433796 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-37828-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary air liquid interface (ALI) cultures of bronchial epithelial cells are used extensively to model airway responses. A recent advance is the development of conditional reprogramming that enhances proliferative capability. Several different media and protocols are utilized, yet even subtle differences may influence cellular responses. We compared the morphology and functional responses, including innate immune responses to rhinovirus infection in conditionally reprogrammed primary bronchial epithelial cells (pBECs) differentiated using two commonly used culture media. pBECs collected from healthy donors (n = 5) were CR using g-irradiated 3T3 fibroblasts and Rho Kinase inhibitor. CRpBECs were differentiated at ALI in either PneumaCult (PN-ALI) or bronchial epithelial growth medium (BEGM)-based differentiation media (BEBM:DMEM, 50:50, Lonza)-(AB-ALI) for 28 days. Transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER), immunofluorescence, histology, cilia activity, ion channel function, and expression of cell markers were analyzed. Viral RNA was assessed by RT-qPCR and anti-viral proteins quantified by LEGENDplex following Rhinovirus-A1b infection. CRpBECs differentiated in PneumaCult were smaller and had a lower TEER and cilia beat frequency compared to BEGM media. PneumaCult media cultures exhibited increased FOXJ1 expression, more ciliated cells with a larger active area, increased intracellular mucins, and increased calcium-activated chloride channel current. However, there were no significant changes in viral RNA or host antiviral responses. There are distinct structural and functional differences in pBECs cultured in the two commonly used ALI differentiation media. Such factors need to be taken into consideration when designing CRpBECs ALI experiments for specific research questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil T Awatade
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.
- Immune Health Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia.
| | - Andrew T Reid
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Asthma and Breathing Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute University of Newcastle, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Kristy S Nichol
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Immune Health Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Kurtis F Budden
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Immune Health Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Punnam Chander Veerati
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Asthma and Breathing Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute University of Newcastle, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Prabuddha S Pathinayake
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Immune Health Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Christopher L Grainge
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Asthma and Breathing Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute University of Newcastle, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
- Dept of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Philip M Hansbro
- Immune Health Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Peter A B Wark
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.
- Immune Health Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia.
- Asthma and Breathing Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute University of Newcastle, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia.
- Dept of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia.
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5
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Veerati PC, Nichol KS, Read JM, Bartlett NW, Wark PAB, Knight DA, Grainge CL, Reid AT. Conditionally reprogrammed asthmatic bronchial epithelial cells express lower FOXJ1 at terminal differentiation and lower IFNs following RV-A1 infection. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2022; 323:L495-L502. [PMID: 36041223 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00230.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary bronchial epithelial cells (pBECs) obtained from donors have limited proliferation capacity. Recently, conditional reprogramming (CR) technique has overcome this and has provided the potential for extended passaging and subsequent differentiation of cells at air-liquid interface (ALI). However, there has been no donor-specific comparison of cell morphology, baseline gene expression, barrier function and anti-viral responses compared to their 'parent' pBECs, especially cells obtained from asthma donors. We, therefore, collected and differentiated pBECs at ALI from mild asthma donors (n=6) for the parent group. The same cells were conditionally reprogrammed and later differentiated at ALI. Barrier function was measured during the differentiation phase. Morphology and baseline gene expression were compared at terminal differentiation. Viral replication kinetics and anti-viral responses were assessed following RV infection over 96 hours. Barrier function during the differentiation phase and cell structural morphology at terminal differentiation appear similar in both parent and CR groups, however, there were elongated cell structures superficial to basal cells and significantly lower FOXJ1 expression in CR group. Anti-viral responses were also lower in CR group compared to parent asthma group following RV infection. The CR technique is a beneficial tool to proliferate pBECs over extended passages. Considering lower FOXJ1 expression, viral replication kinetics and anti-viral responses, a cautious approach should be taken while choosing CR cells for experiments. In addition, as lab-to-lab cell culture techniques vary, the most appropriate technique must be utilized to best match individual cell functions and morphologies to address specific research questions and experimental reproducibility across the labs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Punnam Chander Veerati
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.,Asthma and Breathing Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kristy S Nichol
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.,Immune Health Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jane M Read
- Immune Health Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Nathan W Bartlett
- Immune Health Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Peter A B Wark
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Darryl A Knight
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.,Immune Health Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Christopher L Grainge
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.,Asthma and Breathing Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Andrew Timothy Reid
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.,Asthma and Breathing Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
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6
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Pathinayake PS, Waters DW, Nichol KS, Brown AC, Reid AT, Hsu ACY, Horvat JC, Wood LG, Baines KJ, Simpson JL, Gibson PG, Hansbro PM, Wark PAB. Endoplasmic reticulum-unfolded protein response signalling is altered in severe eosinophilic and neutrophilic asthma. Thorax 2021; 77:443-451. [PMID: 34510013 DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2020-215979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The significance of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in asthma is unclear. Here, we demonstrate that ER stress and the unfolded protein response (UPR) are related to disease severity and inflammatory phenotype. METHODS Induced sputum (n=47), bronchial lavage (n=23) and endobronchial biopsies (n=40) were collected from participants with asthma with varying disease severity, inflammatory phenotypes and from healthy controls. Markers for ER stress and UPR were assessed. These markers were also assessed in established eosinophilic and neutrophilic murine models of asthma. RESULTS Our results demonstrate increased ER stress and UPR pathways in asthma and these are related to clinical severity and inflammatory phenotypes. Genes associated with ER protein chaperone (BiP, CANX, CALR), ER-associated protein degradation (EDEM1, DERL1) and ER stress-induced apoptosis (DDIT3, PPP1R15A) were dysregulated in participants with asthma and are associated with impaired lung function (forced expiratory volume in 1 s) and active eosinophilic and neutrophilic inflammation. ER stress genes also displayed a significant correlation with classic Th2 (interleukin-4, IL-4/13) genes, Th17 (IL-17F/CXCL1) genes, proinflammatory (IL-1b, tumour necrosis factor α, IL-8) genes and inflammasome activation (NLRP3) in sputum from asthmatic participants. Mice with allergic airway disease (AAD) and severe steroid insensitive AAD also showed increased ER stress signalling in their lungs. CONCLUSION Heightened ER stress is associated with severe eosinophilic and neutrophilic inflammation in asthma and may play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabuddha S Pathinayake
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - David W Waters
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kristy S Nichol
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Alexandra C Brown
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Andrew T Reid
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Alan Chen-Yu Hsu
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jay C Horvat
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Lisa G Wood
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Katherine J Baines
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jodie L Simpson
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Peter G Gibson
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia.,NHMRC Centre for Clinical Research Excellence in Severe Asthma, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Philip M Hansbro
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.,Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute, and Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Peter A B Wark
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia .,Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia.,NHMRC Centre for Clinical Research Excellence in Severe Asthma, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
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7
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Loo SL, Wark PAB, Esneau C, Nichol KS, Hsu ACY, Bartlett NW. Human coronaviruses 229E and OC43 replicate and induce distinct antiviral responses in differentiated primary human bronchial epithelial cells. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2020; 319:L926-L931. [PMID: 32903043 PMCID: PMC7758816 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00374.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The recurrent emergence of novel, pathogenic coronaviruses (CoVs) severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 1 (SARS-CoV-1; 2002), Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS)-CoV (2012), and most recently SARS-CoV-2 (2019) has highlighted the need for physiologically informative airway epithelial cell infection models for studying immunity to CoVs and development of antiviral therapies. To address this, we developed an in vitro infection model for two human coronaviruses; alphacoronavirus 229E-CoV (229E) and betacoronavirus OC43-CoV (OC43) in differentiated primary human bronchial epithelial cells (pBECs). Primary BECs from healthy subjects were grown at air-liquid interface (ALI) and infected with 229E or OC43, and replication kinetics and time-course expression of innate immune mediators were assessed. OC43 and 229E-CoVs replicated in differentiated pBECs but displayed distinct replication kinetics: 229E replicated rapidly with viral load peaking at 24 h postinfection, while OC43 replication was slower peaking at 96 h after infection. This was associated with diverse antiviral response profiles defined by increased expression of type I/III interferons and interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) by 229E compared with no innate immune activation with OC43 infection. Understanding the host-virus interaction for previously established coronaviruses will give insight into pathogenic mechanisms underpinning SARS-CoV-2-induced respiratory disease and other future coronaviruses that may arise from zoonotic sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Ling Loo
- Viral Immunology and Respiratory Disease group, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Peter A B Wark
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Camille Esneau
- Viral Immunology and Respiratory Disease group, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kristy S Nichol
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Alan C-Y Hsu
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Nathan W Bartlett
- Viral Immunology and Respiratory Disease group, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
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8
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Reid AT, Nichol KS, Chander Veerati P, Moheimani F, Kicic A, Stick SM, Bartlett NW, Grainge CL, Wark PAB, Hansbro PM, Knight DA. Blocking Notch3 Signaling Abolishes MUC5AC Production in Airway Epithelial Cells from Individuals with Asthma. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2020; 62:513-523. [PMID: 31922915 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2019-0069oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In asthma, goblet cell numbers are increased within the airway epithelium, perpetuating the production of mucus that is more difficult to clear and results in airway mucus plugging. Notch1, Notch2, or Notch3, or a combination of these has been shown to influence the differentiation of airway epithelial cells. How the expression of specific Notch isoforms differs in fully differentiated adult asthmatic epithelium and whether Notch influences mucin production after differentiation is currently unknown. We aimed to quantify different Notch isoforms in the airway epithelium of individuals with severe asthma and to examine the impact of Notch signaling on mucin MUC5AC. Human lung sections and primary bronchial epithelial cells from individuals with and without asthma were used in this study. Primary bronchial epithelial cells were differentiated at the air-liquid interface for 28 days. Notch isoform expression was analyzed by Taqman quantitative PCR. Immunohistochemistry was used to localize and quantify Notch isoforms in human airway sections. Notch signaling was inhibited in vitro using dibenzazepine or Notch3-specific siRNA, followed by analysis of MUC5AC. NOTCH3 was highly expressed in asthmatic airway epithelium compared with nonasthmatic epithelium. Dibenzazepine significantly reduced MUC5AC production in air-liquid interface cultures of primary bronchial epithelial cells concomitantly with suppression of NOTCH3 intracellular domain protein. Specific knockdown using NOTCH3 siRNA recapitulated the dibenzazepine-induced reduction in MUC5AC. We demonstrate that NOTCH3 is a regulator of MUC5AC production. Increased NOTCH3 signaling in the asthmatic airway epithelium may therefore be an underlying driver of excess MUC5AC production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew T Reid
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy.,Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, and
| | - Kristy S Nichol
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, and.,School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Punnam Chander Veerati
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, and.,School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Fatemeh Moheimani
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy.,Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, and
| | - Anthony Kicic
- School of Paediatrics and Child Health.,Telethon Kids Institute, and.,Centre for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Occupation and Environment, School of Public Health, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Stephen M Stick
- School of Paediatrics and Child Health.,Telethon Kids Institute, and.,Centre for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Nathan W Bartlett
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy.,Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, and
| | - Chris L Grainge
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, and.,School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia; and
| | - Peter A B Wark
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, and.,School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia; and
| | - Philip M Hansbro
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy.,Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, and
| | - Darryl A Knight
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy.,Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, and.,Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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9
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Veerati PC, Troy NM, Reid AT, Li NF, Nichol KS, Kaur P, Maltby S, Wark PAB, Knight DA, Bosco A, Grainge CL, Bartlett NW. Airway Epithelial Cell Immunity Is Delayed During Rhinovirus Infection in Asthma and COPD. Front Immunol 2020; 11:974. [PMID: 32499788 PMCID: PMC7243842 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory viral infections, particularly those caused by rhinovirus, exacerbate chronic respiratory inflammatory diseases, such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Airway epithelial cells are the primary site of rhinovirus replication and responsible of initiating the host immune response to infection. Numerous studies have reported that the anti-viral innate immune response (including type I and type III interferon) in asthma is less effective or deficient leading to the conclusion that epithelial innate immunity is a key determinant of disease severity during a rhinovirus induced exacerbation. However, deficient rhinovirus-induced epithelial interferon production in asthma has not always been observed. We hypothesized that disparate in vitro airway epithelial infection models using high multiplicity of infection (MOI) and lacking genome-wide, time course analyses have obscured the role of epithelial innate anti-viral immunity in asthma and COPD. To address this, we developed a low MOI rhinovirus model of differentiated primary epithelial cells obtained from healthy, asthma and COPD donors. Using genome-wide gene expression following infection, we demonstrated that gene expression patterns are similar across patient groups, but that the kinetics of induction are delayed in cells obtained from asthma and COPD donors. Rhinovirus-induced innate immune responses were defined by interferons (type-I, II, and III), interferon response factors (IRF1, IRF3, and IRF7), TLR signaling and NF-κB and STAT1 activation. Induced gene expression was evident at 24 h and peaked at 48 h post-infection in cells from healthy subjects. In contrast, in cells from donors with asthma or COPD induction was maximal at or beyond 72–96 h post-infection. Thus, we propose that propensity for viral exacerbations of asthma and COPD relate to delayed (rather than deficient) expression of epithelial cell innate anti-viral immune genes which in turns leads to a delayed and ultimately more inflammatory host immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Punnam Chander Veerati
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Niamh M Troy
- Systems Immunology, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Andrew T Reid
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Ngan Fung Li
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Kristy S Nichol
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Parwinder Kaur
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, Faculty of Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Steven Maltby
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Peter A B Wark
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia.,Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Darryl A Knight
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.,Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Research and Academic Affairs, Providence Health Care Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Anthony Bosco
- Systems Immunology, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Chris L Grainge
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia.,Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Nathan W Bartlett
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
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10
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Singanayagam A, Loo SL, Calderazzo M, Finney LJ, Trujillo Torralbo MB, Bakhsoliani E, Girkin J, Veerati P, Pathinayake PS, Nichol KS, Reid A, Footitt J, Wark PAB, Grainge CL, Johnston SL, Bartlett NW, Mallia P. Antiviral immunity is impaired in COPD patients with frequent exacerbations. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2019; 317:L893-L903. [PMID: 31513433 PMCID: PMC6962603 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00253.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with frequent exacerbations represent a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) subgroup requiring better treatment options. The aim of this study was to determine the innate immune mechanisms that underlie susceptibility to frequent exacerbations in COPD. We measured sputum expression of immune mediators and bacterial loads in samples from patients with COPD at stable state and during virus-associated exacerbations. In vitro immune responses to rhinovirus infection in differentiated primary bronchial epithelial cells (BECs) sampled from patients with COPD were additionally evaluated. Patients were stratified as frequent exacerbators (≥2 exacerbations in the preceding year) or infrequent exacerbators (<2 exacerbations in the preceding year) with comparisons made between these groups. Frequent exacerbators had reduced sputum cell mRNA expression of the antiviral immune mediators type I and III interferons and reduced interferon-stimulated gene (ISG) expression when clinically stable and during virus-associated exacerbation. A role for epithelial cell-intrinsic innate immune dysregulation was identified: induction of interferons and ISGs during in vitro rhinovirus (RV) infection was also impaired in differentiated BECs from frequent exacerbators. Frequent exacerbators additionally had increased sputum bacterial loads at 2 wk following virus-associated exacerbation onset. These data implicate deficient airway innate immunity involving epithelial cells in the increased propensity to exacerbations observed in some patients with COPD. Therapeutic approaches to boost innate antimicrobial immunity in the lung could be a viable strategy for prevention and treatment of frequent exacerbations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aran Singanayagam
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Su-Ling Loo
- Faculty of Health and Medicine and Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Maria Calderazzo
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lydia J Finney
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Eteri Bakhsoliani
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jason Girkin
- Faculty of Health and Medicine and Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Punnam Veerati
- Faculty of Health and Medicine and Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Prabuddha S Pathinayake
- Faculty of Health and Medicine and Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kristy S Nichol
- Faculty of Health and Medicine and Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Andrew Reid
- Faculty of Health and Medicine and Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Joseph Footitt
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Peter A B Wark
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.,Faculty of Health and Medicine and Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Sebastian L Johnston
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nathan W Bartlett
- Faculty of Health and Medicine and Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Patrick Mallia
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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11
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Singanayagam A, Glanville N, Girkin JL, Ching YM, Marcellini A, Porter JD, Toussaint M, Walton RP, Finney LJ, Aniscenko J, Zhu J, Trujillo-Torralbo MB, Calderazzo MA, Grainge C, Loo SL, Veerati PC, Pathinayake PS, Nichol KS, Reid AT, James PL, Solari R, Wark PAB, Knight DA, Moffatt MF, Cookson WO, Edwards MR, Mallia P, Bartlett NW, Johnston SL. Corticosteroid suppression of antiviral immunity increases bacterial loads and mucus production in COPD exacerbations. Nat Commun 2018; 9:2229. [PMID: 29884817 PMCID: PMC5993715 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04574-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) have limited efficacy in reducing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbations and increase pneumonia risk, through unknown mechanisms. Rhinoviruses precipitate most exacerbations and increase susceptibility to secondary bacterial infections. Here, we show that the ICS fluticasone propionate (FP) impairs innate and acquired antiviral immune responses leading to delayed virus clearance and previously unrecognised adverse effects of enhanced mucus, impaired antimicrobial peptide secretion and increased pulmonary bacterial load during virus-induced exacerbations. Exogenous interferon-β reverses these effects. FP suppression of interferon may occur through inhibition of TLR3- and RIG-I virus-sensing pathways. Mice deficient in the type I interferon-α/β receptor (IFNAR1-/-) have suppressed antimicrobial peptide and enhanced mucin responses to rhinovirus infection. This study identifies type I interferon as a central regulator of antibacterial immunity and mucus production. Suppression of interferon by ICS during virus-induced COPD exacerbations likely mediates pneumonia risk and raises suggestion that inhaled interferon-β therapy may protect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aran Singanayagam
- COPD and Asthma Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Nicholas Glanville
- COPD and Asthma Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Jason L Girkin
- Faculty of Health and Medicine and Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, 2305, Australia
| | - Yee Man Ching
- COPD and Asthma Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Andrea Marcellini
- COPD and Asthma Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - James D Porter
- COPD and Asthma Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Marie Toussaint
- COPD and Asthma Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Ross P Walton
- COPD and Asthma Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Lydia J Finney
- COPD and Asthma Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Julia Aniscenko
- COPD and Asthma Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Jie Zhu
- COPD and Asthma Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Maria-Belen Trujillo-Torralbo
- COPD and Asthma Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Maria Adelaide Calderazzo
- COPD and Asthma Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Chris Grainge
- Faculty of Health and Medicine and Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, 2305, Australia
| | - Su-Ling Loo
- Faculty of Health and Medicine and Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, 2305, Australia
| | - Punnam Chander Veerati
- Faculty of Health and Medicine and Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, 2305, Australia
| | - Prabuddha S Pathinayake
- Faculty of Health and Medicine and Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, 2305, Australia
| | - Kristy S Nichol
- Faculty of Health and Medicine and Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, 2305, Australia
| | - Andrew T Reid
- Faculty of Health and Medicine and Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, 2305, Australia
| | - Phillip L James
- Genomic Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Cale Street, London, SW3 6LY, UK
| | - Roberto Solari
- COPD and Asthma Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Peter A B Wark
- Faculty of Health and Medicine and Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, 2305, Australia
| | - Darryl A Knight
- Faculty of Health and Medicine and Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, 2305, Australia
| | - Miriam F Moffatt
- Genomic Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Cale Street, London, SW3 6LY, UK
| | - William O Cookson
- Genomic Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Cale Street, London, SW3 6LY, UK
| | - Michael R Edwards
- COPD and Asthma Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Patrick Mallia
- COPD and Asthma Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Nathan W Bartlett
- COPD and Asthma Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, London, W2 1PG, UK.
- Faculty of Health and Medicine and Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, 2305, Australia.
| | - Sebastian L Johnston
- COPD and Asthma Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, London, W2 1PG, UK.
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12
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Huff RD, Hsu ACY, Nichol KS, Jones B, Knight DA, Wark PAB, Hansbro PM, Hirota JA. Regulation of xanthine dehydrogensase gene expression and uric acid production in human airway epithelial cells. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0184260. [PMID: 28863172 PMCID: PMC5580912 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The airway epithelium is a physical and immunological barrier that protects the pulmonary system from inhaled environmental insults. Uric acid has been detected in the respiratory tract and can function as an antioxidant or damage associated molecular pattern. We have demonstrated that human airway epithelial cells are a source of uric acid. Our hypothesis is that uric acid production by airway epithelial cells is induced by environmental stimuli associated with chronic respiratory diseases. We therefore examined how airway epithelial cells regulate uric acid production. Materials and methods Allergen and cigarette smoke mouse models were performed using house dust mite (HDM) and cigarette smoke exposure, respectively, with outcome measurements of lung uric acid levels. Primary human airway epithelial cells isolated from clinically diagnosed patients with asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) were grown in submerged cultures and compared to age-matched healthy controls for uric acid release. HBEC-6KT cells, a human airway epithelial cell line, were grown under submerged monolayer conditions for mechanistic and gene expression studies. Results HDM, but not cigarette smoke exposure, stimulated uric acid production in vivo and in vitro. Primary human airway epithelial cells from asthma, but not COPD patients, displayed elevated levels of extracellular uric acid in culture. In HBEC-6KT, production of uric acid was sensitive to the xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH) inhibitor, allopurinol, and the ATP Binding Cassette C4 (ABCC4) inhibitor, MK-571. Lastly, the pro-inflammatory cytokine combination of TNF-α and IFN-γ elevated extracellular uric acid levels and XDH gene expression in HBEC-6KT cells. Conclusions Our results suggest that the active production of uric acid from human airway epithelial cells may be intrinsically altered in asthma and be further induced by pro-inflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan D Huff
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Alan C-Y Hsu
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kristy S Nichol
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Bernadette Jones
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Darryl A Knight
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Peter A B Wark
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Philip M Hansbro
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jeremy A Hirota
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health - Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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