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Ferran JL, Puelles L. Atypical Course of the Habenulo-Interpeduncular Tract in Chick Embryos. J Comp Neurol 2024; 532:e25646. [PMID: 38961604 DOI: 10.1002/cne.25646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Classical studies of the avian diencephalon hardly mention the habenulo-interpeduncular tract (a.k.a. retroflex tract), although both the habenula (HB) (its origin) and the interpeduncular nuclear complex (its target) are present. Retroflex tract fibers were described at early embryonic stages but seem absent in the adult in routine stains. However, this tract is a salient diencephalic landmark in all other vertebrate lineages. It typically emerges out of the caudal HB, courses dorsoventrally across thalamic alar and basal plates just in front of the thalamo-pretectal boundary, and then sharply bends 90° caudalwards at paramedian basal plate levels (this is the "retroflexion"), to approach longitudinally via paramedian pretectum and midbrain the rostralmost hindbrain, specifically the prepontine median interpeduncular complex across isthmus and rhombomere 1. We systematize this habenulo-interpeduncular course into four parts named subhabenular, retrothalamic, tegmental, and interpeduncular. We reexamined the chicken habenulo-interpeduncular fibers at stages HH30 and HH35 (6.5- and 9-day incubation) by mapping them specifically with immunoreaction for BEN protein, a well-known marker. We found that only a small fraction of the stained retroflex tract fibers approaches the basal plate by coursing along the standard dorsoventral pathway in front of the thalamo-pretectal boundary. Many other habenular fibers instead diverge into atypical dispersed courses across the thalamic cell mass (implying alteration of the first subhabenular part of the standard course) before reaching the basal plate; this dispersion explains their invisibility. A significant number of such transthalamic habenular fibers cross orthogonally the zona limitans (ZLI) (the rostral thalamic boundary) and invade the caudal alar prethalamus. Here, they immediately descend dorsoventrally, just rostrally to the ZLI, until reaching the prethalamic basal plate, where they bend (retroflex) caudalwards, entering the thalamic basal paramedian area. These atypical fibers gradually fasciculate with the other groups of habenular efferent fibers in their final longitudinal approach to the hindbrain interpeduncular complex. We conclude that the poor visibility of this tract in birds is due to its dispersion into a diversity of atypical alternative routes, though all components eventually reach the interpeduncular complex. This case merits further analysis of the diverse permissive versus nonpermissive guidance mechanisms called into action, which partially correlate distinctly with successive diencephalic, mesencephalic, and hindbrain neuromeric fields and their boundaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Luis Ferran
- Department of Human Anatomy and Psychobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- Pascual Parrilla Institute of Biomedical Research of Murcia, Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital, Murcia, Spain
| | - Luis Puelles
- Department of Human Anatomy and Psychobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- Pascual Parrilla Institute of Biomedical Research of Murcia, Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital, Murcia, Spain
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Cornejo MP, Fernandez G, Cabral A, Barrile F, Heredia F, García Romero G, Zubimendi Sampieri JP, Quelas JI, Cantel S, Fehrentz JA, Alonso A, Pla R, Ferran JL, Andreoli MF, De Francesco PN, Perelló M. GHSR in a Subset of GABA Neurons Controls Food Deprivation-Induced Hyperphagia in Male Mice. Endocrinology 2024; 165:bqae061. [PMID: 38815068 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqae061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
The growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR), primarily known as the receptor for the hunger hormone ghrelin, potently controls food intake, yet the specific Ghsr-expressing cells mediating the orexigenic effects of this receptor remain incompletely characterized. Since Ghsr is expressed in gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-producing neurons, we sought to investigate whether the selective expression of Ghsr in a subset of GABA neurons is sufficient to mediate GHSR's effects on feeding. First, we crossed mice that express a tamoxifen-dependent Cre recombinase in the subset of GABA neurons that express glutamic acid decarboxylase 2 (Gad2) enzyme (Gad2-CreER mice) with reporter mice, and found that ghrelin mainly targets a subset of Gad2-expressing neurons located in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARH) and that is predominantly segregated from Agouti-related protein (AgRP)-expressing neurons. Analysis of various single-cell RNA-sequencing datasets further corroborated that the primary subset of cells coexpressing Gad2 and Ghsr in the mouse brain are non-AgRP ARH neurons. Next, we crossed Gad2-CreER mice with reactivable GHSR-deficient mice to generate mice expressing Ghsr only in Gad2-expressing neurons (Gad2-GHSR mice). We found that ghrelin treatment induced the expression of the marker of transcriptional activation c-Fos in the ARH of Gad2-GHSR mice, yet failed to induce food intake. In contrast, food deprivation-induced refeeding was higher in Gad2-GHSR mice than in GHSR-deficient mice and similar to wild-type mice, suggesting that ghrelin-independent roles of GHSR in a subset of GABA neurons is sufficient for eliciting full compensatory hyperphagia in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Paula Cornejo
- Grupo de Neurofisiología, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Celular (IMBICE), Universidad Nacional la Plata (UNLP), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) y Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (CIC-PBA), La Plata 1900, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gimena Fernandez
- Grupo de Neurofisiología, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Celular (IMBICE), Universidad Nacional la Plata (UNLP), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) y Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (CIC-PBA), La Plata 1900, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Agustina Cabral
- Grupo de Neurofisiología, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Celular (IMBICE), Universidad Nacional la Plata (UNLP), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) y Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (CIC-PBA), La Plata 1900, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Franco Barrile
- Grupo de Neurofisiología, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Celular (IMBICE), Universidad Nacional la Plata (UNLP), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) y Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (CIC-PBA), La Plata 1900, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Florencia Heredia
- Grupo de Neurofisiología, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Celular (IMBICE), Universidad Nacional la Plata (UNLP), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) y Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (CIC-PBA), La Plata 1900, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Guadalupe García Romero
- Grupo de Neurofisiología, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Celular (IMBICE), Universidad Nacional la Plata (UNLP), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) y Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (CIC-PBA), La Plata 1900, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | | | - Sonia Cantel
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Alain Fehrentz
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
| | - Antonia Alonso
- Department of Human Anatomy and Psychobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia 30100, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Murcia-IMIB, Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital, Murcia 30100, Spain
| | - Ramon Pla
- Department of Human Anatomy and Psychobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia 30100, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Murcia-IMIB, Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital, Murcia 30100, Spain
| | - José Luis Ferran
- Department of Human Anatomy and Psychobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia 30100, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Murcia-IMIB, Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital, Murcia 30100, Spain
| | - María Florencia Andreoli
- Instituto de Desarrollo e Investigaciones Pediátricas (IDIP), HIAEP Sor María Ludovica de La Plata, Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (CIC-PBA), La Plata 1900, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Functional Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala 751 24, Sweden
| | - Pablo Nicolas De Francesco
- Grupo de Neurofisiología, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Celular (IMBICE), Universidad Nacional la Plata (UNLP), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) y Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (CIC-PBA), La Plata 1900, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mario Perelló
- Grupo de Neurofisiología, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Celular (IMBICE), Universidad Nacional la Plata (UNLP), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) y Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (CIC-PBA), La Plata 1900, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Functional Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala 751 24, Sweden
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Puelles L, Stühmer T, Rubenstein JLR, Diaz C. Critical test of the assumption that the hypothalamic entopeduncular nucleus of rodents is homologous with the primate internal pallidum. J Comp Neurol 2023; 531:1715-1750. [PMID: 37695031 DOI: 10.1002/cne.25536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
The globus pallidus (GP) of primates is divided conventionally into distinct internal and external parts. The literature repeats since 1930 the opinion that the homolog of the primate internal pallidum in rodents is the hypothalamic entopeduncular nucleus (embedded within fiber tracts of the cerebral peduncle). To test this idea, we explored its historic fundaments, checked the development and genoarchitecture of mouse entopeduncular and pallidal neurons, and examined relevant comparative connectivity data. We found that the extratelencephalic mouse entopeduncular structure consists of four different components arrayed along a dorsoventral sequence in the alar hypothalamus. The ventral entopeduncular nucleus (EPV), with GABAergic neurons expressing Dlx5&6 and Nkx2-1, lies within the hypothalamic peduncular subparaventricular area. Three other formations-the dorsal entopeduncular nucleus (EPD), the prereticular entopeduncular nucleus (EPPRt ), and the preeminential entopeduncular nucleus (EPPEm )-lie within the overlying paraventricular area, under the subpallium. EPD contains glutamatergic neurons expressing Tbr1, Otp, and Pax6. The EPPRt has GABAergic cells expressing Isl1 and Meis2, whereas the EPPEm population expresses Foxg1 and may be glutamatergic. Genoarchitectonic observations on relevant areas of the mouse pallidal/diagonal subpallium suggest that the GP of rodents is constituted as in primates by two adjacent but molecularly and hodologically differentiable telencephalic portions (both expressing Foxg1). These and other reported data oppose the notion that the rodent extratelencephalic entopeduncular nucleus is homologous to the primate internal pallidum. We suggest instead that all mammals, including rodents, have dual subpallial GP components, whereas primates probably also have a comparable set of hypothalamic entopeduncular nuclei. Remarkably, there is close similarity in some gene expression properties of the telencephalic internal GP and the hypothalamic EPV. This apparently underlies their notable functional analogy, sharing GABAergic neurons and thalamopetal connectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Puelles
- Department of Human Anatomy and Psychobiology and IMIB-Arrixaca Institute, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Thorsten Stühmer
- Nina Ireland Laboratory of Developmental Neurobiology, Department of Psychiatry, UCSF Medical School, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - John L R Rubenstein
- Nina Ireland Laboratory of Developmental Neurobiology, Department of Psychiatry, UCSF Medical School, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Carmen Diaz
- School of Medicine and Institute for Research in Neurological Disabilities, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
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Diaz C, de la Torre MM, Rubenstein JLR, Puelles L. Dorsoventral Arrangement of Lateral Hypothalamus Populations in the Mouse Hypothalamus: a Prosomeric Genoarchitectonic Analysis. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:687-731. [PMID: 36357614 PMCID: PMC9849321 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-03043-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The lateral hypothalamus (LH) has a heterogeneous cytoarchitectonic organization that has not been elucidated in detail. In this work, we analyzed within the framework of the prosomeric model the differential expression pattern of 59 molecular markers along the ventrodorsal dimension of the medial forebrain bundle in the mouse, considering basal and alar plate subregions of the LH. We found five basal (LH1-LH5) and four alar (LH6-LH9) molecularly distinct sectors of the LH with neuronal cell groups that correlate in topography with previously postulated alar and basal hypothalamic progenitor domains. Most peptidergic populations were restricted to one of these LH sectors though some may have dispersed into a neighboring sector. For instance, histaminergic Hdc-positive neurons were mostly contained within the basal LH3, Nts (neurotensin)- and Tac2 (tachykinin 2)-expressing cells lie strictly within LH4, Hcrt (hypocretin/orexin)-positive and Pmch (pro-melanin-concentrating hormone)-positive neurons appeared within separate LH5 subdivisions, Pnoc (prepronociceptin)-expressing cells were mainly restricted to LH6, and Sst (somatostatin)-positive cells were identified within the LH7 sector. The alar LH9 sector, a component of the Foxg1-positive telencephalo-opto-hypothalamic border region, selectively contained Satb2-expressing cells. Published studies of rodent LH subdivisions have not described the observed pattern. Our genoarchitectonic map should aid in systematic approaches to elucidate LH connectivity and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Diaz
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine and Institute for Research in Neurological Disabilities, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 02006 Albacete, Spain
| | - Margaret Martinez de la Torre
- Department of Human Anatomy and Psychobiology and IMIB-Arrixaca Institute, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - John L. R. Rubenstein
- Nina Ireland Laboratory of Developmental Neurobiology, Department of Psychiatry, UCSF Medical School, San Francisco, California USA
| | - Luis Puelles
- Department of Human Anatomy and Psychobiology and IMIB-Arrixaca Institute, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
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Jiménez S, Moreno N. Development of subdomains in the medial pallium of Xenopus laevis and Trachemys scripta: Insights into the anamniote-amniote transition. Front Neuroanat 2022; 16:1039081. [PMID: 36406242 PMCID: PMC9670315 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2022.1039081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In all vertebrates, the most dorsal region of the telencephalon gives rise to the pallium, which in turn, is formed by at least four evolutionarily conserved histogenetic domains. Particularly in mammals, the medial pallium generates the hippocampal formation. Although this region is structurally different among amniotes, its functions, attributed to spatial memory and social behavior, as well as the specification of the histogenetic domain, appears to be conserved. Thus, the aim of the present study was to analyze this region by comparative analysis of the expression patterns of conserved markers in two vertebrate models: one anamniote, the amphibian Xenopus laevis; and the other amniote, the turtle Trachemys scripta elegans, during development and in adulthood. Our results show that, the histogenetic specification of both models is comparable, despite significant cytoarchitectonic differences, in particular the layered cortical arrangement present in the turtle, not found in anurans. Two subdivisions were observed in the medial pallium of these species: a Prox1 + and another Er81/Lmo4 +, comparable to the dentate gyrus and the mammalian cornu ammonis region, respectively. The expression pattern of additional markers supports this subdivision, which together with its functional involvement in spatial memory tasks, provides evidence supporting the existence of a basic program in the specification and functionality of the medial pallium at the base of tetrapods. These results further suggest that the anatomical differences found in different vertebrates may be due to divergences and adaptations during evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nerea Moreno
- *Correspondence: Nerea Moreno, , orcid.org/0000-0002-5578-192X
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Hain D, Gallego-Flores T, Klinkmann M, Macias A, Ciirdaeva E, Arends A, Thum C, Tushev G, Kretschmer F, Tosches MA, Laurent G. Molecular diversity and evolution of neuron types in the amniote brain. Science 2022; 377:eabp8202. [PMID: 36048944 DOI: 10.1126/science.abp8202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The existence of evolutionarily conserved regions in the vertebrate brain is well established. The rules and constraints underlying the evolution of neuron types, however, remain poorly understood. To compare neuron types across brain regions and species, we generated a cell type atlas of the brain of a bearded dragon and compared it with mouse datasets. Conserved classes of neurons could be identified from the expression of hundreds of genes, including homeodomain-type transcription factors and genes involved in connectivity. Within these classes, however, there are both conserved and divergent neuron types, precluding a simple categorization of the brain into ancestral and novel areas. In the thalamus, neuronal diversification correlates with the evolution of the cortex, suggesting that developmental origin and circuit allocation are drivers of neuronal identity and evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Hain
- Max Planck Institute for Brain Research, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Faculty of Biological Sciences, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Tatiana Gallego-Flores
- Max Planck Institute for Brain Research, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Faculty of Biological Sciences, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | | | - Angeles Macias
- Max Planck Institute for Brain Research, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Elena Ciirdaeva
- Max Planck Institute for Brain Research, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Anja Arends
- Max Planck Institute for Brain Research, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Christina Thum
- Max Planck Institute for Brain Research, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Georgi Tushev
- Max Planck Institute for Brain Research, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | | | - Maria Antonietta Tosches
- Max Planck Institute for Brain Research, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gilles Laurent
- Max Planck Institute for Brain Research, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Bilbao MG, Garrigos D, Martinez-Morga M, Toval A, Kutsenko Y, Bautista R, Barreda A, Ribeiro Do-Couto B, Puelles L, Ferran JL. Prosomeric Hypothalamic Distribution of Tyrosine Hydroxylase Positive Cells in Adolescent Rats. Front Neuroanat 2022; 16:868345. [PMID: 35601999 PMCID: PMC9121318 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2022.868345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Most of the studies on neurochemical mapping, connectivity, and physiology in the hypothalamic region were carried out in rats and under the columnar morphologic paradigm. According to the columnar model, the entire hypothalamic region lies ventrally within the diencephalon, which includes preoptic, anterior, tuberal, and mamillary anteroposterior regions, and sometimes identifying dorsal, intermediate, and ventral hypothalamic partitions. This model is weak in providing little or no experimentally corroborated causal explanation of such subdivisions. In contrast, the modern prosomeric model uses different axial assumptions based on the parallel courses of the brain floor, alar-basal boundary, and brain roof (all causally explained). This model also postulates that the hypothalamus and telencephalon jointly form the secondary prosencephalon, separately from and rostral to the diencephalon proper. The hypothalamus is divided into two neuromeric (transverse) parts called peduncular and terminal hypothalamus (PHy and THy). The classic anteroposterior (AP) divisions of the columnar hypothalamus are rather seen as dorsoventral subdivisions of the hypothalamic alar and basal plates. In this study, we offered a prosomeric immunohistochemical mapping in the rat of hypothalamic cells expressing tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), which is the enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of L-tyrosine to levodopa (L-DOPA) and a precursor of dopamine. This mapping was also combined with markers for diverse hypothalamic nuclei [agouti-related peptide (Agrp), arginine vasopressin (Avp), cocaine and amphetamine-regulated transcript (Cart), corticotropin releasing Hormone (Crh), melanin concentrating hormone (Mch), neuropeptide Y (Npy), oxytocin/neurophysin I (Oxt), proopiomelanocortin (Pomc), somatostatin (Sst), tyrosine hidroxilase (Th), and thyrotropin releasing hormone (Trh)]. TH-positive cells are particularly abundant within the periventricular stratum of the paraventricular and subparaventricular alar domains. In the tuberal region, most labeled cells are found in the acroterminal arcuate nucleus and in the terminal periventricular stratum. The dorsal retrotuberal region (PHy) contains the A13 cell group of TH-positive cells. In addition, some TH cells appear in the perimamillary and retromamillary regions. The prosomeric model proved useful for determining the precise location of TH-positive cells relative to possible origins of morphogenetic signals, thus aiding potential causal explanation of position-related specification of this hypothalamic cell type.
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Affiliation(s)
- María G. Bilbao
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de La Pampa, General Pico, Argentina
| | - Daniel Garrigos
- Department of Human Anatomy and Psychobiology, School of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Murcia – IMIB, Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital, Murcia, Spain
| | - Marta Martinez-Morga
- Department of Human Anatomy and Psychobiology, School of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Murcia – IMIB, Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital, Murcia, Spain
| | - Angel Toval
- Department of Human Anatomy and Psychobiology, School of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Murcia – IMIB, Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital, Murcia, Spain
- PROFITH “PROmoting FITness and Health Through Physical Activity” Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Yevheniy Kutsenko
- Department of Human Anatomy and Psychobiology, School of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Murcia – IMIB, Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital, Murcia, Spain
| | - Rosario Bautista
- Department of Human Anatomy and Psychobiology, School of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Murcia – IMIB, Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital, Murcia, Spain
| | - Alberto Barreda
- Department of Human Anatomy and Psychobiology, School of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Murcia – IMIB, Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital, Murcia, Spain
| | - Bruno Ribeiro Do-Couto
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Murcia – IMIB, Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital, Murcia, Spain
- Department of Human Anatomy and Psychobiology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Luis Puelles
- Department of Human Anatomy and Psychobiology, School of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Murcia – IMIB, Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital, Murcia, Spain
| | - José Luis Ferran
- Department of Human Anatomy and Psychobiology, School of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Murcia – IMIB, Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital, Murcia, Spain
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Fang C, Wang H, Naumann RK. Developmental Patterning and Neurogenetic Gradients of Nurr1 Positive Neurons in the Rat Claustrum and Lateral Cortex. Front Neuroanat 2021; 15:786329. [PMID: 34924965 PMCID: PMC8675902 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2021.786329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The claustrum is an enigmatic brain structure thought to be important for conscious sensations. Recent studies have focused on gene expression patterns, connectivity, and function of the claustrum, but relatively little is known about its development. Interestingly, claustrum-enriched genes, including the previously identified marker Nurr1, are not only expressed in the classical claustrum complex, but also embedded within lateral neocortical regions in rodents. Recent studies suggest that Nurr1 positive neurons in the lateral cortex share a highly conserved genetic expression pattern with claustrum neurons. Thus, we focus on the developmental progression and birth dating pattern of the claustrum and Nurr1 positive neurons in the lateral cortex. We comprehensively investigate the expression of Nurr1 at various stages of development in the rat and find that Nurr1 expression first appears as an elongated line along the anterior-posterior axis on embryonic day 13.5 (E13.5) and then gradually differentiates into multiple sub-regions during prenatal development. Previous birth dating studies of the claustrum have led to conflicting results, therefore, we combine 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) labeling with in situ hybridization for Nurr1 to study birth dating patterns. We find that most dorsal endopiriform (DEn) neurons are born on E13.5 to E14.5. Ventral claustrum (vCL) and dorsal claustrum (dCL) are mainly born on E14.5 to E15.5. Nurr1 positive cortical deep layer neurons (dLn) and superficial layer neurons (sLn) are mainly born on E14.5 to E15.5 and E15.5 to E17.5, respectively. Finally, we identify ventral to dorsal and posterior to anterior neurogenetic gradients within vCL and DEn. Thus, our findings suggest that claustrum and Nurr1 positive neurons in the lateral cortex are born sequentially over several days of embryonic development and contribute toward charting the complex developmental pattern of the claustrum in rodents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Robert Konrad Naumann
- CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute (BCBDI), Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, China
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9
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Jiménez S, Moreno N. Analysis of the Expression Pattern of Cajal-Retzius Cell Markers in the Xenopus laevis Forebrain. BRAIN, BEHAVIOR AND EVOLUTION 2021; 96:263-282. [PMID: 34614492 DOI: 10.1159/000519025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Cajal-Retzius cells are essential for cortical development in mammals, and their involvement in the evolution of this structure has been widely postulated, but very little is known about their progenitor domains in non-mammalian vertebrates. Using in situhybridization and immunofluorescence techniques we analyzed the expression of some of the main Cajal-Retzius cell markers such as Dbx1, Ebf3, ER81, Lhx1, Lhx5, p73, Reelin, Wnt3a, Zic1, and Zic2 in the forebrain of the anuran Xenopus laevis, because amphibians are the only class of anamniote tetrapods and show a tetrapartite evaginated pallium, but no layered or nuclear organization. Our results suggested that the Cajal-Retzius cell progenitor domains were comparable to those previously described in amniotes. Thus, at dorsomedial telencephalic portions a region comparable to the cortical hem was defined in Xenopus based on the expression of Wnt3a, p73, Reelin, Zic1, and Zic2. In the septum, two different domains were observed: a periventricular dorsal septum, at the limit between the pallium and the subpallium, expressing Reelin, Zic1, and Zic2, and a related septal domain, expressing Ebf3, Zic1, and Zic2. In the lateral telencephalon, the ventral pallium next to the pallio-subpallial boundary, the lack of Dbx1 and the unique expression of Reelin during development defined this territory as the most divergent with respect to mammals. Finally, we also analyzed the expression of these markers at the prethalamic eminence region, suggested as Cajal-Retzius progenitor domain in amniotes, observing there Zic1, Zic2, ER81, and Lhx1 expression. Our data show that in anurans there are different subtypes and progenitor domains of Cajal-Retzius cells, which probably contribute to the cortical regional specification and territory-specific properties. This supports the notion that the basic organization of pallial derivatives in vertebrates follows a comparable fundamental arrangement, even in those that do not have a sophisticated stratified cortical structure like the mammalian cerebral cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Jiménez
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, University Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nerea Moreno
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, University Complutense, Madrid, Spain
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10
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Reyes-Pinto R, Ferrán JL, Vega-Zuniga T, González-Cabrera C, Luksch H, Mpodozis J, Puelles L, Marín GJ. Change in the neurochemical signature and morphological development of the parvocellular isthmic projection to the avian tectum. J Comp Neurol 2021; 530:553-573. [PMID: 34363623 DOI: 10.1002/cne.25229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Neurons can change their classical neurotransmitters during ontogeny, sometimes going through stages of dual release. Here, we explored the development of the neurotransmitter identity of neurons of the avian nucleus isthmi parvocellularis (Ipc), whose axon terminals are retinotopically arranged in the optic tectum (TeO) and exert a focal gating effect upon the ascending transmission of retinal inputs. Although cholinergic and glutamatergic markers are both found in Ipc neurons and terminals of adult pigeons and chicks, the mRNA expression of the vesicular acetylcholine transporter, VAChT, is weak or absent. To explore how the Ipc neurotransmitter identity is established during ontogeny, we analyzed the expression of mRNAs coding for cholinergic (ChAT, VAChT, and CHT) and glutamatergic (VGluT2 and VGluT3) markers in chick embryos at different developmental stages. We found that between E12 and E18, Ipc neurons expressed all cholinergic mRNAs and also VGluT2 mRNA; however, from E16 through posthatch stages, VAChT mRNA expression was specifically diminished. Our ex vivo deposits of tracer crystals and intracellular filling experiments revealed that Ipc axons exhibit a mature paintbrush morphology late in development, experiencing marked morphological transformations during the period of presumptive dual vesicular transmitter release. Additionally, although ChAT protein immunoassays increasingly label the growing Ipc axon, this labeling was consistently restricted to sparse portions of the terminal branches. Combined, these results suggest that the synthesis of glutamate and acetylcholine, and their vesicular release, is complexly linked to the developmental processes of branching, growing and remodeling of these unique axons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosana Reyes-Pinto
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - José L Ferrán
- Department of Human Anatomy and Psychobiology and IMIB-Arrixaca Institute, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Tomas Vega-Zuniga
- Lehrstuhl für Zoologie, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany.,Institute of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria), Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | | | - Harald Luksch
- Lehrstuhl für Zoologie, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Jorge Mpodozis
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Luis Puelles
- Department of Human Anatomy and Psychobiology and IMIB-Arrixaca Institute, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Gonzalo J Marín
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Finis Terrae, Santiago, Chile
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11
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Alonso A, Trujillo CM, Puelles L. Quail-chick grafting experiments corroborate that Tbr1-positive eminential prethalamic neurons migrate along three streams into hypothalamus, subpallium and septocommissural areas. Brain Struct Funct 2021; 226:759-785. [PMID: 33544184 PMCID: PMC7981335 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-020-02206-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The prethalamic eminence (PThE), a diencephalic caudal neighbor of the telencephalon and alar hypothalamus, is frequently described in mammals and birds as a transient embryonic structure, undetectable in the adult brain. Based on descriptive developmental analysis of Tbr1 gene brain expression in chick embryos, we previously reported that three migratory cellular streams exit the PThE rostralward, targeting multiple sites in the hypothalamus, subpallium and septocommissural area, where eminential cells form distinct nuclei or disperse populations. These conclusions needed experimental corroboration. In this work, we used the homotopic quail-chick chimeric grafting procedure at stages HH10/HH11 to demonstrate by fate-mapping the three predicted tangential migration streams. Some chimeric brains were processed for Tbr1 in situ hybridization, for correlation with our previous approach. Evidence supporting all three postulated migration streams is presented. The results suggested a slight heterochrony among the juxtapeduncular (first), the peripeduncular (next), and the eminentio-septal (last) streams, each of which followed differential routes. A possible effect of such heterochrony on the differential selection of medial to lateral habenular hodologic targets by the migrated neurons is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Alonso
- Department of Human Anatomy and Psychobiology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain. .,Biomedical Research Laboratory (LAIB), Health Campus, Murcia Biomedical Research Institute (IMIB-Arrixaca), El Palmar, 30120, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Carmen María Trujillo
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, Cell Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Sciences, School of Biology, University of La Laguna, 38200, La Laguna, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Luis Puelles
- Department of Human Anatomy and Psychobiology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain.,Biomedical Research Laboratory (LAIB), Health Campus, Murcia Biomedical Research Institute (IMIB-Arrixaca), El Palmar, 30120, Murcia, Spain
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12
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Puelles L, Diaz C, Stühmer T, Ferran JL, Martínez‐de la Torre M, Rubenstein JLR. LacZ-reporter mapping of Dlx5/6 expression and genoarchitectural analysis of the postnatal mouse prethalamus. J Comp Neurol 2021; 529:367-420. [PMID: 32420617 PMCID: PMC7671952 DOI: 10.1002/cne.24952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We present here a thorough and complete analysis of mouse P0-P140 prethalamic histogenetic subdivisions and corresponding nuclear derivatives, in the context of local tract landmarks. The study used as fundamental material brains from a transgenic mouse line that expresses LacZ under the control of an intragenic enhancer of Dlx5 and Dlx6 (Dlx5/6-LacZ). Subtle shadings of LacZ signal, jointly with pan-DLX immunoreaction, and several other ancillary protein or RNA markers, including Calb2 and Nkx2.2 ISH (for the prethalamic eminence, and derivatives of the rostral zona limitans shell domain, respectively) were mapped across the prethalamus. The resulting model of the prethalamic region postulates tetrapartite rostrocaudal and dorsoventral subdivisions, as well as a tripartite radial stratification, each cell population showing a characteristic molecular profile. Some novel nuclei are proposed, and some instances of potential tangential cell migration were noted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Puelles
- Department of Human Anatomy and Psychobiology and IMIB‐Arrixaca InstituteUniversity of MurciaMurciaSpain
| | - Carmen Diaz
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine and Institute for Research in Neurological DisabilitiesUniversity of Castilla‐La ManchaAlbaceteSpain
| | - Thorsten Stühmer
- Nina Ireland Laboratory of Developmental Neurobiology, Department of PsychiatryUCSF Medical SchoolSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - José L. Ferran
- Department of Human Anatomy and Psychobiology and IMIB‐Arrixaca InstituteUniversity of MurciaMurciaSpain
| | | | - John L. R. Rubenstein
- Nina Ireland Laboratory of Developmental Neurobiology, Department of PsychiatryUCSF Medical SchoolSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
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13
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Navas-Pérez E, Vicente-García C, Mirra S, Burguera D, Fernàndez-Castillo N, Ferrán JL, López-Mayorga M, Alaiz-Noya M, Suárez-Pereira I, Antón-Galindo E, Ulloa F, Herrera-Úbeda C, Cuscó P, Falcón-Moya R, Rodríguez-Moreno A, D'Aniello S, Cormand B, Marfany G, Soriano E, Carrión ÁM, Carvajal JJ, Garcia-Fernàndez J. Characterization of an eutherian gene cluster generated after transposon domestication identifies Bex3 as relevant for advanced neurological functions. Genome Biol 2020; 21:267. [PMID: 33100228 PMCID: PMC7586669 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-020-02172-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND One of the most unusual sources of phylogenetically restricted genes is the molecular domestication of transposable elements into a host genome as functional genes. Although these kinds of events are sometimes at the core of key macroevolutionary changes, their origin and organismal function are generally poorly understood. RESULTS Here, we identify several previously unreported transposable element domestication events in the human and mouse genomes. Among them, we find a remarkable molecular domestication that gave rise to a multigenic family in placental mammals, the Bex/Tceal gene cluster. These genes, which act as hub proteins within diverse signaling pathways, have been associated with neurological features of human patients carrying genomic microdeletions in chromosome X. The Bex/Tceal genes display neural-enriched patterns and are differentially expressed in human neurological disorders, such as autism and schizophrenia. Two different murine alleles of the cluster member Bex3 display morphological and physiopathological brain modifications, such as reduced interneuron number and hippocampal electrophysiological imbalance, alterations that translate into distinct behavioral phenotypes. CONCLUSIONS We provide an in-depth understanding of the emergence of a gene cluster that originated by transposon domestication and gene duplication at the origin of placental mammals, an evolutionary process that transformed a non-functional transposon sequence into novel components of the eutherian genome. These genes were integrated into existing signaling pathways involved in the development, maintenance, and function of the CNS in eutherians. At least one of its members, Bex3, is relevant for higher brain functions in placental mammals and may be involved in human neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Navas-Pérez
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, and Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), University of Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Vicente-García
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, CSIC-UPO-JA, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, 41013, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Serena Mirra
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, and Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), University of Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, and Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Demian Burguera
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, and Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), University of Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Zoology, Charles University, Vinicna 7, 12844, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Noèlia Fernàndez-Castillo
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, and Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), University of Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.,Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IR-SJD), Esplugues de Llobregat, 08950, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Luis Ferrán
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of Murcia and IMIB-Arrixaca Institute, 30120, Murcia, Spain
| | - Macarena López-Mayorga
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, CSIC-UPO-JA, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, 41013, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Marta Alaiz-Noya
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, 41013, Sevilla, Spain.,Present Address: Instituto de Neurociencias de Alicante (Universidad Miguel Hernández - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas), Alicante, Spain
| | - Irene Suárez-Pereira
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, 41013, Sevilla, Spain.,Present Address: Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Neuropsychopharmacology and psychobiology research group, UCA, INiBICA, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Ester Antón-Galindo
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, and Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), University of Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fausto Ulloa
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, and Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Herrera-Úbeda
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, and Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), University of Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pol Cuscó
- Genome Architecture, Gene Regulation, Stem Cells and Cancer Programme, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08003, Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael Falcón-Moya
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, 41013, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Antonio Rodríguez-Moreno
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, 41013, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Salvatore D'Aniello
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, 80121, Naples, Italy
| | - Bru Cormand
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, and Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), University of Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.,Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IR-SJD), Esplugues de Llobregat, 08950, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Marfany
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, and Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), University of Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.,Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IR-SJD), Esplugues de Llobregat, 08950, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eduardo Soriano
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, and Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029, Madrid, Spain.,Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), 08010, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ángel M Carrión
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, 41013, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Jaime J Carvajal
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, CSIC-UPO-JA, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, 41013, Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Jordi Garcia-Fernàndez
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, and Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), University of Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
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Lipiec MA, Bem J, Koziński K, Chakraborty C, Urban-Ciećko J, Zajkowski T, Dąbrowski M, Szewczyk ŁM, Toval A, Ferran JL, Nagalski A, Wiśniewska MB. TCF7L2 regulates postmitotic differentiation programmes and excitability patterns in the thalamus. Development 2020; 147:dev.190181. [PMID: 32675279 PMCID: PMC7473649 DOI: 10.1242/dev.190181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Neuronal phenotypes are controlled by terminal selector transcription factors in invertebrates, but only a few examples of such regulators have been provided in vertebrates. We hypothesised that TCF7L2 regulates different stages of postmitotic differentiation in the thalamus, and functions as a thalamic terminal selector. To investigate this hypothesis, we used complete and conditional knockouts of Tcf7l2 in mice. The connectivity and clustering of neurons were disrupted in the thalamo-habenular region in Tcf7l2-/- embryos. The expression of subregional thalamic and habenular transcription factors was lost and region-specific cell migration and axon guidance genes were downregulated. In mice with a postnatal Tcf7l2 knockout, the induction of genes that confer thalamic terminal electrophysiological features was impaired. Many of these genes proved to be direct targets of TCF7L2. The role of TCF7L2 in terminal selection was functionally confirmed by impaired firing modes in thalamic neurons in the mutant mice. These data corroborate the existence of master regulators in the vertebrate brain that control stage-specific genetic programmes and regional subroutines, maintain regional transcriptional network during embryonic development, and induce terminal selection postnatally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Andrzej Lipiec
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland.,Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Bem
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kamil Koziński
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Chaitali Chakraborty
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Tomasz Zajkowski
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał Dąbrowski
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Pasteur 3, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Angel Toval
- Department of Human Anatomy and Psychobiology, School of Medicine, University of Murcia and IMIB-Arrixaca Institute, Campus de la Salud, 30120 El Palmar, Murcia, Spain
| | - José Luis Ferran
- Department of Human Anatomy and Psychobiology, School of Medicine, University of Murcia and IMIB-Arrixaca Institute, Campus de la Salud, 30120 El Palmar, Murcia, Spain
| | - Andrzej Nagalski
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
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15
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Toval A, Vicente-Conesa F, Martínez-Ortega P, Kutsenko Y, Morales-Delgado N, Garrigos D, Alonso A, Ribeiro Do Couto B, Popović M, Ferran JL. Hypothalamic Crh/ Avp, Plasmatic Glucose and Lactate Remain Unchanged During Habituation to Forced Exercise. Front Physiol 2020; 11:410. [PMID: 32499715 PMCID: PMC7243680 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been demonstrated that physical activity contributes to a healthier life. However, there is a knowledge gap regarding the neural mechanisms producing these effects. One of the keystones to deal with this problem is to use training programs with equal loads of physical activity. However, irregular motor and stress responses have been found in murine exercise models. Habituation to forced exercise facilitates a complete response to a training program in all rodents, reaching the same load of physical activity among animals. Here, it was evaluated if glucose and lactate - which are stress biomarkers - are increased during the habituation to exercise. Sprague-Dawley rats received an 8-days habituation protocol with progressive increments of time and speed of running. Then, experimental and control (non-habituated) rats were subjected to an incremental test. Blood samples were obtained to determine plasmatic glucose and lactate levels before, immediately after and 30 min after each session of training. Crh and Avp mRNA expression was determined by two-step qPCR. Our results revealed that glucose and lactate levels are not increased during the habituation period and tend to decrease toward the end of the protocol. Also, Crh and Avp were not chronically activated by the habituation program. Lactate and glucose, determined after the incremental test, were higher in control rats without previous contact with the wheel, compared with habituated and wheel control rats. These results suggest that the implementation of an adaptive phase prior to forced exercise programs might avoid non-specific stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel Toval
- Department of Human Anatomy and Psychobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.,Institute of Biomedical Research of Murcia, Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Francisco Vicente-Conesa
- Department of Human Anatomy and Psychobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.,Institute of Biomedical Research of Murcia, Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Paloma Martínez-Ortega
- Department of Human Anatomy and Psychobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.,Institute of Biomedical Research of Murcia, Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Yevheniy Kutsenko
- Department of Human Anatomy and Psychobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.,Institute of Biomedical Research of Murcia, Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Nicanor Morales-Delgado
- Department of Human Anatomy and Psychobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.,Institute of Biomedical Research of Murcia, Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.,Department of Histology and Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miguel Hernández, Sant Joan d'Alacant, Spain
| | - Daniel Garrigos
- Department of Human Anatomy and Psychobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.,Institute of Biomedical Research of Murcia, Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Antonia Alonso
- Department of Human Anatomy and Psychobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.,Institute of Biomedical Research of Murcia, Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Bruno Ribeiro Do Couto
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Murcia, Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.,Department of Human Anatomy and Psychobiology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Miroljub Popović
- Department of Human Anatomy and Psychobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.,Institute of Biomedical Research of Murcia, Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - José Luis Ferran
- Department of Human Anatomy and Psychobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.,Institute of Biomedical Research of Murcia, Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
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16
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Longitudinal developmental analysis of prethalamic eminence derivatives in the chick by mapping of Tbr1 in situ expression. Brain Struct Funct 2020; 225:481-510. [DOI: 10.1007/s00429-019-02015-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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17
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Cardeña-Núñez S, Sánchez-Guardado LÓ, Hidalgo-Sánchez M. Cyp1B1 expression patterns in the developing chick inner ear. Dev Dyn 2019; 249:410-424. [PMID: 31400045 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Retinoic acid (RA) plays an important role in organogenesis as a paracrine signal through transcriptional regulation of an increasing number of known downstream target genes, regulating cell proliferation, and differentiation. During the development of the inner ear, RA directly governs the morphogenesis and specification processes mainly by means of RA-synthesizing retinaldehyde dehydrogenase (RALDH) enzymes. Interestingly, CYP1B1, a cytochrome P450 enzyme, is able to mediate the oxidative metabolisms also leading to RA generation, its expression patterns being associated with many known sites of RA activity. RESULTS This study describes for the first time the presence of CYP1B1 in the developing chick inner ear as a RALDH-independent RA-signaling mechanism. In our in situ hybridization analysis, Cyp1B1 expression was first observed in a domain located in the ventromedial wall of the otic anlagen, being included within the rostralmost aspect of an Fgf10-positive pan-sensory domain. As development proceeds, all identified Fgf10-positive areas were Cyp1B1 stained, with all sensory patches being Cyp1B1 positive at stage HH34, except the macula neglecta. CONCLUSIONS Cyp1B1 expression suggested a possible contribution of CYP1B1 action in the specification of the lateral-to-medial and dorsal-to-ventral axes of the developing chick inner ear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheila Cardeña-Núñez
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Science, University of Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Luis Ó Sánchez-Guardado
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California
| | - Matías Hidalgo-Sánchez
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Science, University of Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
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Puelles L, Alonso A, García-Calero E, Martínez-de-la-Torre M. Concentric ring topology of mammalian cortical sectors and relevance for patterning studies. J Comp Neurol 2019; 527:1731-1752. [PMID: 30737959 DOI: 10.1002/cne.24650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 01/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Models aiming to explain causally the evolutionary or ontogenetic emergence of the pallial isocortex and its regional/areal heterogeneity in mammals use simple or complex assumptions about the pallial structure present in basal mammals and nonmammals. The question arises: how complex is the pattern that needs to be accounted for in causal models? This topic is also paramount for comparative purposes, since some topological relationships may be explained as being ancestral, rather than newly emerged. The mouse pallium is apt to be reexamined in this context, due to the breadth of available molecular markers and correlative experimental patterning results. We center the present essay on a recapitulative glance at the classic theory of concentric mammalian allo-, meso-, and neocortex domains. In its simplest terms, this theory postulates a central neocortical island (6 layers) separated by a surrounding mesocortical ring (4-5 layers) from a peripheral allocortical ring (3 layers). These territories show additional partition into regional or areal subdivisions. There are also borderline amygdalar, claustral, and septal areas of the pallium, nuclear in structure. There has been little effort so far to contemplate the full concentric ring model in current "cortex patterning" models. In this essay, we recapitulate the ring idea in mammals (mouse) and consider a potential causal patterning scenario using topologic models. Finally, we briefly explore how far this theory may apply to pallium models proposed recently for sauropsids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Puelles
- Department of Human Anatomy and IMIB-Arrixaca Institute, School of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Antonia Alonso
- Department of Human Anatomy and IMIB-Arrixaca Institute, School of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Elena García-Calero
- Department of Human Anatomy and IMIB-Arrixaca Institute, School of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
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Albuixech-Crespo B, López-Blanch L, Burguera D, Maeso I, Sánchez-Arrones L, Moreno-Bravo JA, Somorjai I, Pascual-Anaya J, Puelles E, Bovolenta P, Garcia-Fernàndez J, Puelles L, Irimia M, Ferran JL. Molecular regionalization of the developing amphioxus neural tube challenges major partitions of the vertebrate brain. PLoS Biol 2017; 15:e2001573. [PMID: 28422959 PMCID: PMC5396861 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.2001573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
All vertebrate brains develop following a common Bauplan defined by anteroposterior (AP) and dorsoventral (DV) subdivisions, characterized by largely conserved differential expression of gene markers. However, it is still unclear how this Bauplan originated during evolution. We studied the relative expression of 48 genes with key roles in vertebrate neural patterning in a representative amphioxus embryonic stage. Unlike nonchordates, amphioxus develops its central nervous system (CNS) from a neural plate that is homologous to that of vertebrates, allowing direct topological comparisons. The resulting genoarchitectonic model revealed that the amphioxus incipient neural tube is unexpectedly complex, consisting of several AP and DV molecular partitions. Strikingly, comparison with vertebrates indicates that the vertebrate thalamus, pretectum, and midbrain domains jointly correspond to a single amphioxus region, which we termed Di-Mesencephalic primordium (DiMes). This suggests that these domains have a common developmental and evolutionary origin, as supported by functional experiments manipulating secondary organizers in zebrafish and mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Albuixech-Crespo
- Department of Genetics, School of Biology, and Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura López-Blanch
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Demian Burguera
- Department of Genetics, School of Biology, and Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ignacio Maeso
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CSIC/UPO/JA), Sevilla, Spain
| | - Luisa Sánchez-Arrones
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa CSIC-UAM and CIBERER, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Ildiko Somorjai
- The Scottish Oceans Institute, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife, Scotland, United Kingdom
- Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, University of St Andrews, Fife, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | | | - Eduardo Puelles
- Instituto de Neurociencias, UMH-CSIC, Campus de San Juan, Sant Joan d'Alacant, Alicante, Spain
| | - Paola Bovolenta
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa CSIC-UAM and CIBERER, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jordi Garcia-Fernàndez
- Department of Genetics, School of Biology, and Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luis Puelles
- Department of Human Anatomy and Psychobiology, School of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Murcia (IMIB), Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Manuel Irimia
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Luis Ferran
- Department of Human Anatomy and Psychobiology, School of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Murcia (IMIB), Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
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Cardeña-Núñez S, Sánchez-Guardado LÓ, Corral-San-Miguel R, Rodríguez-Gallardo L, Marín F, Puelles L, Aroca P, Hidalgo-Sánchez M. Expression patterns of Irx genes in the developing chick inner ear. Brain Struct Funct 2016; 222:2071-2092. [PMID: 27783221 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-016-1326-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The vertebrate inner ear is a complex three-dimensional sensorial structure with auditory and vestibular functions. The molecular patterning of the developing otic epithelium creates various positional identities, consequently leading to the stereotyped specification of each neurosensory and non-sensory element of the membranous labyrinth. The Iroquois (Iro/Irx) genes, clustered in two groups (A: Irx1, Irx2, and Irx4; and B: Irx3, Irx5, and Irx6), encode for transcriptional factors involved directly in numerous patterning processes of embryonic tissues in many phyla. This work presents a detailed study of the expression patterns of these six Irx genes during chick inner ear development, paying particular attention to the axial specification of the otic anlagen. The Irx genes seem to play different roles at different embryonic periods. At the otic vesicle stage (HH18), all the genes of each cluster are expressed identically. Both clusters A and B seem involved in the specification of the lateral and posterior portions of the otic anlagen. Cluster B seems to regulate a larger area than cluster A, including the presumptive territory of the endolymphatic apparatus. Both clusters seem also to be involved in neurogenic events. At stages HH24/25-HH27, combinations of IrxA and IrxB genes participate in the specification of most sensory patches and some non-sensory components of the otic epithelium. At stage HH34, the six Irx genes show divergent patterns of expression, leading to the final specification of the membranous labyrinth, as well as to cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheila Cardeña-Núñez
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Science, University of Extremadura, Avda de Elvas s/n, E06071, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Luis Óscar Sánchez-Guardado
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Science, University of Extremadura, Avda de Elvas s/n, E06071, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Rubén Corral-San-Miguel
- Department of Human Anatomy and Psychobiology, School of Medicine, University of Murcia and Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria-Virgen de La Arrixaca (IMIB-Arrixaca), E30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Lucía Rodríguez-Gallardo
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Science, University of Extremadura, Avda de Elvas s/n, E06071, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Faustino Marín
- Department of Human Anatomy and Psychobiology, School of Medicine, University of Murcia and Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria-Virgen de La Arrixaca (IMIB-Arrixaca), E30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Luis Puelles
- Department of Human Anatomy and Psychobiology, School of Medicine, University of Murcia and Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria-Virgen de La Arrixaca (IMIB-Arrixaca), E30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Pilar Aroca
- Department of Human Anatomy and Psychobiology, School of Medicine, University of Murcia and Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria-Virgen de La Arrixaca (IMIB-Arrixaca), E30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Matías Hidalgo-Sánchez
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Science, University of Extremadura, Avda de Elvas s/n, E06071, Badajoz, Spain.
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Radial and tangential migration of telencephalic somatostatin neurons originated from the mouse diagonal area. Brain Struct Funct 2015; 221:3027-65. [PMID: 26189100 PMCID: PMC4920861 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-015-1086-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The telencephalic subpallium is the source of various GABAergic interneuron cohorts that invade the pallium via tangential migration. Based on genoarchitectonic studies, the subpallium has been subdivided into four major domains: striatum, pallidum, diagonal area and preoptic area (Puelles et al. 2013; Allen Developing Mouse Brain Atlas), and a larger set of molecularly distinct progenitor areas (Flames et al. 2007). Fate mapping, genetic lineage-tracing studies, and other approaches have suggested that each subpallial subdivision produces specific sorts of inhibitory interneurons, distinguished by differential peptidic content, which are distributed tangentially to pallial and subpallial target territories (e.g., olfactory bulb, isocortex, hippocampus, pallial and subpallial amygdala, striatum, pallidum, septum). In this report, we map descriptively the early differentiation and apparent migratory dispersion of mouse subpallial somatostatin-expressing (Sst) cells from E10.5 onward, comparing their topography with the expression patterns of the genes Dlx5, Gbx2, Lhx7-8, Nkx2.1, Nkx5.1 (Hmx3), and Shh, which variously label parts of the subpallium. Whereas some experimental results suggest that Sst cells are pallidal, our data reveal that many, if not most, telencephalic Sst cells derive from de diagonal area (Dg). Sst-positive cells initially only present at the embryonic Dg selectively populate radially the medial part of the bed nucleus striae terminalis (from paraseptal to amygdaloid regions) and part of the central amygdala; they also invade tangentially the striatum, while eschewing the globus pallidum and the preoptic area, and integrate within most cortical and nuclear pallial areas between E10.5 and E16.5.
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