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Kopanchuk S, Vavers E, Veiksina S, Ligi K, Zvejniece L, Dambrova M, Rinken A. Intracellular dynamics of the Sigma-1 receptor observed with super-resolution imaging microscopy. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0268563. [PMID: 35584184 PMCID: PMC9116656 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0268563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Sigma-1 receptor (Sig1R) is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-related membrane protein, that forms heteromers with other cellular proteins. As the mechanism of action of this chaperone protein remains unclear, the aim of the present study was to detect and analyze the intracellular dynamics of Sig1R in live cells using super-resolution imaging microscopy. For that, the Sig1R-yellow fluorescent protein conjugate (Sig1R-YFP) together with fluorescent markers of cell organelles were transfected into human ovarian adenocarcinoma (SK-OV-3) cells with BacMam technology. Sig1R-YFP was found to be located mainly in the nuclear envelope and in both tubular and vesicular structures of the ER but was not detected in the plasma membrane, even after activation of Sig1R with agonists. The super-resolution radial fluctuations approach (SRRF) performed with a highly inclined and laminated optical sheet (HILO) fluorescence microscope indicated substantial overlap of Sig1R-YFP spots with KDEL-mRFP, slight overlap with pmKate2-mito and no overlap with the markers of endosomes, peroxisomes, lysosomes, or caveolae. Activation of Sig1R with (+)-pentazocine caused a time-dependent decrease in the overlap between Sig1R-YFP and KDEL-mRFP, indicating that the activation of Sig1R decreases its colocalization with the marker of vesicular ER and does not cause comprehensive translocations of Sig1R in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Edijs Vavers
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Riga, Latvia
- Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia
| | - Santa Veiksina
- University of Tartu, Institute of Chemistry, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Kadri Ligi
- University of Tartu, Institute of Chemistry, Tartu, Estonia
| | | | - Maija Dambrova
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Riga, Latvia
- Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia
| | - Ago Rinken
- University of Tartu, Institute of Chemistry, Tartu, Estonia
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2
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Lavogina D, Laasfeld T, Tahk MJ, Kukk O, Allikalt A, Kopanchuk S, Rinken A. cAMP Biosensor Assay Using BacMam Expression System: Studying the Downstream Signaling of LH/hCG Receptor Activation. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2268:179-192. [PMID: 34085269 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1221-7_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) serves as a second messenger for numerous G-protein-coupled receptors. Changes in cellular cAMP levels reflect the biological activity of various GPCR-specific agents, including protein hormones. cAMP biosensors based on detection of Förster-type resonance energy transfer (FRET) offer unique advantages including the ratiometric nature of measurement, adjustable affinity toward detected molecule, capability of monitoring kinetics of cAMP release, and compatibility with the multi-well format and fluorescence plate reader platforms. In this chapter, we introduce the optimized version of the previously reported method to achieve sufficient and reproducible level of cAMP biosensor protein expression with the means of BacMam transduction system. As a practical challenge, we address the applicability of the designed assay for screening of biological activity of human hormones, including human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) bearing different posttranslational modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darja Lavogina
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- University of Tartu, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Clinic of Hematology and Oncology, Tartu, Estonia
- Competence Centre on Reproductive Medicine & Biology, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Tõnis Laasfeld
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | | | - Olga Kukk
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Competence Centre on Reproductive Medicine & Biology, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Anni Allikalt
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | | | - Ago Rinken
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.
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Potekhina ES, Bass DY, Kelmanson IV, Fetisova ES, Ivanenko AV, Belousov VV, Bilan DS. Drug Screening with Genetically Encoded Fluorescent Sensors: Today and Tomorrow. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:E148. [PMID: 33375682 PMCID: PMC7794770 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetically-encoded fluorescent sensors have been actively developed over the last few decades and used in live imaging and drug screening. Real-time monitoring of drug action in a specific cellular compartment, organ, or tissue type; the ability to screen at the single-cell resolution; and the elimination of false-positive results caused by low drug bioavailability that is not detected by in vitro testing methods are a few of the obvious benefits of using genetically-encoded fluorescent sensors in drug screening. In combination with high-throughput screening (HTS), some genetically-encoded fluorescent sensors may provide high reproducibility and robustness to assays. We provide a brief overview of successful, perspective, and hopeful attempts at using genetically encoded fluorescent sensors in HTS of modulators of ion channels, Ca2+ homeostasis, GPCR activity, and for screening cytotoxic, anticancer, and anti-parasitic compounds. We discuss the advantages of sensors in whole organism drug screening models and the perspectives of the combination of human disease modeling by CRISPR techniques with genetically encoded fluorescent sensors for drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina S. Potekhina
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (D.Y.B.); (I.V.K.); (E.S.F.); (A.V.I.); (V.V.B.)
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dina Y. Bass
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (D.Y.B.); (I.V.K.); (E.S.F.); (A.V.I.); (V.V.B.)
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ilya V. Kelmanson
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (D.Y.B.); (I.V.K.); (E.S.F.); (A.V.I.); (V.V.B.)
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena S. Fetisova
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (D.Y.B.); (I.V.K.); (E.S.F.); (A.V.I.); (V.V.B.)
| | - Alexander V. Ivanenko
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (D.Y.B.); (I.V.K.); (E.S.F.); (A.V.I.); (V.V.B.)
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vsevolod V. Belousov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (D.Y.B.); (I.V.K.); (E.S.F.); (A.V.I.); (V.V.B.)
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997 Moscow, Russia
- Federal Center of Brain Research and Neurotechnologies of the Federal Medical Biological Agency, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry S. Bilan
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (D.Y.B.); (I.V.K.); (E.S.F.); (A.V.I.); (V.V.B.)
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997 Moscow, Russia
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Link R, Veiksina S, Tahk MJ, Laasfeld T, Paiste P, Kopanchuk S, Rinken A. The constitutive activity of melanocortin-4 receptors in cAMP pathway is allosterically modulated by zinc and copper ions. J Neurochem 2019; 153:346-361. [PMID: 31792980 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Melanocortin-4 receptors (MC4 R) are unique among G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) as they have endogenous ligands that can exhibit inverse agonistic properties in the case of elevated basal activity. It is known that the constitutive activity of GPCRs strongly affects the ligand-dependent physiological responses, but little is known about these regulatory mechanisms. Since several metal ions have been shown to be important modulators of the signal transduction of GPCRs, we hypothesized that metal ions regulate the basal activity of MC4 Rs. Implementation of a fluorescence anisotropy assay and novel redshifted fluorescent peptides enabled kinetic characterization of ligand binding to MC4 R expressed on budded baculoviruses. We show that Ca2+ is required for high-affinity ligand binding, but Zn2+ and Cu2+ in the presence of Ca2+ behave as negative allosteric modulators of ligand binding to MC4 R. FRET-based cAMP biosensor was used to measure the activation of MC4 R stably expressed in CHO-K1 cells. At low micromolar concentrations, Zn2+ caused MC4 R-dependent activation of the cAMP pathway, whereas Cu2+ reduced the activity of MC4 R even below the basal level. These findings indicate that at physiologically relevant concentrations can Zn2+ and Cu2+ function as MC4 R agonists or inverse agonists, respectively. This means that depending on the level of constitutive activity induced by Zn2+ ions, the pharmacological effect of orthosteric ligands of MC4 R can be switched from a partial to an inverse agonist. OPEN SCIENCE BADGES: This article has received a badge for *Open Materials* because it provided all relevant information to reproduce the study in the manuscript. More information about the Open Science badges can be found at https://cos.io/our-services/open-science-badges/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reet Link
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Santa Veiksina
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | | | - Tõnis Laasfeld
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Päärn Paiste
- Department of Geology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | | | - Ago Rinken
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
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Allikalt A, Kopanchuk S, Rinken A. Implementation of fluorescence anisotropy-based assay for the characterization of ligand binding to dopamine D1 receptors. Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 839:40-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Image-based cell-size estimation for baculovirus quantification. Biotechniques 2017; 63:161-168. [DOI: 10.2144/000114595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Measurement of virus concentration is essential for effective virus-based transfection technologies. Here, we describe a user-friendly, image-based cell-size estimation (ICSE) assay for baculovirus quantification that relies on automated determination of cell diameters from bright-field microscopy images. In the ICSE assay, microplate-based imaging systems and our custom ICSE-Tools software enable measurement of cell morphological parameters over time. Results from the ICSE assay were in agreement with virus concentration measurements obtained using the traditional plaque assay as well as the Coulter principle–based cell-size measurement assay. ICSE-Tools is designed for data organization and image analysis from microplate-based imaging systems, and is freely available at www.gpcr.ut.ee/software.html .
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Abstract
GPCRs are a major family of cell surface receptors and the most druggable protein targets in modern medicine. Recent elucidation of crystal structures of a vast number of GPCRs eludes to the finer details of biased agonism or functional selectivity of many of these receptors and warrants a better understanding of their biological effects as well as therapeutic potential. Receptor function is measured in terms desensitization/resensitization, which provides insights on receptor activation and differential coupling to various G proteins. This review article presents thoughts on the potential of GPCR desensitization assay/cAMP assay, a highly sensitive and versatile platform for high-throughput assays for elucidating novel functions of many orphan GPCRs. Besides, these assays also are very sensitive to screen for agonists, partial agonists, or antagonists and provide a simplified system for novel drug discovery for Gs-coupled GPCRs and understanding their physiological implications.
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Allikalt A, Rinken A. Budded baculovirus particles as a source of membrane proteins for radioligand binding assay: The case of dopamine D 1 receptor. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2017; 86:81-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2017.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Revised: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Mazina O, Allikalt A, Tapanainen JS, Salumets A, Rinken A. Determination of biological activity of gonadotropins hCG and FSH by Förster resonance energy transfer based biosensors. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42219. [PMID: 28181555 PMCID: PMC5299843 DOI: 10.1038/srep42219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Determination of biological activity of gonadotropin hormones is essential in reproductive medicine and pharmaceutical manufacturing of the hormonal preparations. The aim of the study was to adopt a G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR)-mediated signal transduction pathway based assay for quantification of biological activity of gonadotropins. We focussed on studying human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), as these hormones are widely used in clinical practice. Receptor-specific changes in cellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP, second messenger in GPCR signalling) were monitored by a Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) biosensor protein TEpacVV in living cells upon activation of the relevant gonadotropin receptor. The BacMam gene delivery system was used for biosensor protein expression in target cells. In the developed assay only biologically active hormones initiated GPCR-mediated cellular signalling. High assay sensitivities were achieved for detection of hCG (limit of detection, LOD: 5 pM) and FSH (LOD: 100 pM). Even the small-scale conformational changes caused by thermal inactivation and reducing the biological activity of the hormones were registered. In conclusion, the proposed assay is suitable for quantification of biological activity of gonadotropins and is a good alternative to antibody- and animal-testing-based assays used in pharmaceutical industry and clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Mazina
- University of Tartu, Institute of Chemistry, Tartu, Estonia
- Competence Centre on Health Technologies, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Anni Allikalt
- University of Tartu, Institute of Chemistry, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Juha S. Tapanainen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Andres Salumets
- Competence Centre on Health Technologies, Tartu, Estonia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Ago Rinken
- University of Tartu, Institute of Chemistry, Tartu, Estonia
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Fundamentals of Baculovirus Expression and Applications. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 896:187-97. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-27216-0_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Mazina O, Luik T, Kopanchuk S, Salumets A, Rinken A. Characterization of the Biological Activities of Human Luteinizing Hormone and Chorionic Gonadotropin by a Förster Resonance Energy Transfer-Based Biosensor Assay. ANAL LETT 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2015.1052140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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