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A Plant-Produced Porcine Parvovirus 1-82 VP2 Subunit Vaccine Protects Pregnant Sows against Challenge with a Genetically Heterologous PPV1 Strain. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 11:vaccines11010054. [PMID: 36679898 PMCID: PMC9867127 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11010054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine parvovirus (PPV) causes reproductive failure in sows, and vaccination remains the most effective means of preventing infection. The NADL-2 strain has been used as a vaccine for ~50 years; however, it does not protect animals against genetically heterologous PPV strains. Thus, new effective and safe vaccines are needed. In this study, we aimed to identify novel PPV1 strains, and to develop PPV1 subunit vaccines. We isolated and sequenced PPV1 VP2 genes from 926 pigs and identified ten PPV1 strains (belonging to Groups C, D and E). We selected the Group D PPV1-82 strain as a vaccine candidate because it was close to the highly pathogenic 27a strain. The PPV1-82 VP2 protein was produced in Nicotiana benthamiana. It formed virus-like particles and exhibited a 211 agglutination value. The PPV1-190313 strain (Group E), isolated from an aborted fetus, was used as the challenging strain because it was pathogenic. The unvaccinated sow miscarried at 8 days postchallenge, and mummified fetuses were all PPV1-positive. By contrast, pregnant sows vaccinated with PPV1-82 VP2 had 9-11 Log2 antibody titers and produced normal fetuses after PPV1-190313 challenge. These results suggest the PPV1-82 VP2 subunit vaccine protects pregnant sows against a genetically heterologous PPV1 strain by inducing neutralizing antibodies.
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Dhama K, Natesan S, Iqbal Yatoo M, Patel SK, Tiwari R, Saxena SK, Harapan H. Plant-based vaccines and antibodies to combat COVID-19: current status and prospects. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2020; 16:2913-2920. [PMID: 33270484 PMCID: PMC7754927 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2020.1842034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Globally, researchers are undertaking significant efforts to design and develop effective vaccines, therapeutics, and antiviral drugs to curb the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Plants have been used for the production of vaccines, monoclonal antibodies, immunomodulatory proteins, drugs, and pharmaceuticals via molecular farming/transient expression system and are considered as bioreactors or factories for their bulk production. These biological products are stable, safe, effective, easily available, and affordable. Plant molecular farming could facilitate rapid production of biologics on an industrial scale, and has the potential to fulfill emergency demands, such as in the present situation of the COVID-19 pandemic. This article aims to describe the methodology and basics of plant biopharming, in addition to its prospective applications for developing effective vaccines and antibodies to counter COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Senthilkumar Natesan
- Division of Biological & Life Sciences, Indian Institute of Public Health Gandhinagar, Ganghinagar, India
| | - Mohd. Iqbal Yatoo
- Division of Veterinary Clinical Complex, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Shuhama, Alusteng Srinagar, Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - Shailesh Kumar Patel
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Ruchi Tiwari
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Uttar Pradesh Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalaya Evam Go Anusandhan Sansthan (DUVASU), Mathura, India
| | - Shailendra K Saxena
- Centre for Advanced Research (CFAR), Faculty of Medicine, King George’s Medical University (KGMU), Lucknow, India
| | - Harapan Harapan
- Medical Research Unit, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
- Tropical Disease Centre, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
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Khosravi S, Schindele P, Gladilin E, Dunemann F, Rutten T, Puchta H, Houben A. Application of Aptamers Improves CRISPR-Based Live Imaging of Plant Telomeres. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:1254. [PMID: 32973827 PMCID: PMC7468473 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.01254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Development of live imaging techniques for providing information how chromatin is organized in living cells is pivotal to decipher the regulation of biological processes. Here, we demonstrate the improvement of a live imaging technique based on CRISPR/Cas9. In this approach, the sgRNA scaffold is fused to RNA aptamers including MS2 and PP7. When the dead Cas9 (dCas9) is co-expressed with chimeric sgRNA, the fluorescent coat protein-tagged for MS2 and PP7 aptamers (tdMCP-FP and tdPCP-FP) are recruited to the targeted sequence. Compared to previous work with dCas9:GFP, we show that the quality of telomere labeling was improved in transiently transformed Nicotiana benthamiana using aptamer-based CRISPR-imaging constructs. Labeling is influenced by the copy number of aptamers and less by the promoter types. The same constructs were not applicable for labeling of repeats in stably transformed plants and roots. The constant interaction of the RNP complex with its target DNA might interfere with cellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solmaz Khosravi
- Department for Breeding Research, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Seeland, Germany
| | - Patrick Schindele
- Botanical Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Evgeny Gladilin
- Department for Breeding Research, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Seeland, Germany
| | - Frank Dunemann
- Institute for Breeding Research on Horticultural Crops, Julius Kühn-Institut (JKI), Quedlinburg, Germany
| | - Twan Rutten
- Department for Breeding Research, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Seeland, Germany
| | - Holger Puchta
- Botanical Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Andreas Houben
- Department for Breeding Research, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Seeland, Germany
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Mossner S, Phan HT, Triller S, Moll JM, Conrad U, Scheller J. Multimerization strategies for efficient production and purification of highly active synthetic cytokine receptor ligands. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0230804. [PMID: 32236103 PMCID: PMC7112226 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0230804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytokine signaling is transmitted by cell surface receptors which act as natural biological switches to control cellular functions such as immune reactions. Recently, we have designed synthetic cytokine receptors (SyCyRs) consisting of green fluorescent protein (GFP)- and mCherry-nanobodies fused to the transmembrane and intracellular domains of cytokine receptors. Following stimulation with homo- and heterodimeric GFP-mCherry fusion proteins, the resulting receptors phenocopied signaling induced by physiologically occurring cytokines. GFP and mCherry fusion proteins were produced in E. coli or CHO-K1 cells, but the overall yield and stability was low. Therefore, we applied two alternative multimerization strategies and achieved immunoglobulin Fc-mediated dimeric and coiled-coil GCN4pII-mediated trimeric assemblies. GFP- and/or mCherry-Fc homodimers activated synthetic gp130 cytokine receptors, which naturally respond to Interleukin 6 family cytokines. Activation of these synthetic gp130 receptors resulted in STAT3 and ERK phosphorylation and subsequent proliferation of Ba/F3-gp130 cells. Half-maximal effective concentrations (EC50) of 8.1 ng/ml and 0.64 ng/ml were determined for dimeric GFP-Fc and mCherry-Fc, respectively. This is well within the expected EC50 range of the native cytokines. Moreover, we generated tetrameric and hexameric GFP-mCherry-Fc fusion proteins, which were also biologically active. This highlighted the importance of close juxtaposition of two cytokine receptors for efficient receptor activation. Finally, we used a trimeric GCN4pII motif to generate homo-trimeric GFP and mCherry complexes. These synthetic cytokines showed improved EC50 values (GFP3: 0.58 ng/ml; mCherrry3: 0.37 ng/ml), over dimeric Fc fused variants. In conclusion, we successfully generated highly effective and stable multimeric synthetic cytokine receptor ligands for activation of synthetic cytokine receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofie Mossner
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Hoang T. Phan
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Stadt Seeland, Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Saskia Triller
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Stadt Seeland, Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Jens M. Moll
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Udo Conrad
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Stadt Seeland, Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Jürgen Scheller
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Ishii T, Schubert V, Khosravi S, Dreissig S, Metje‐Sprink J, Sprink T, Fuchs J, Meister A, Houben A. RNA-guided endonuclease - in situ labelling (RGEN-ISL): a fast CRISPR/Cas9-based method to label genomic sequences in various species. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 222:1652-1661. [PMID: 30847946 PMCID: PMC6593734 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Visualising the spatio-temporal organisation of the genome will improve our understanding of how chromatin structure and function are intertwined. We developed a tool to visualise defined genomic sequences in fixed nuclei and chromosomes based on a two-part guide RNA with a recombinant Cas9 endonuclease complex. This method does not require any special construct or transformation method. In contrast to classical fluorescence in situ hybridiaztion, RGEN-ISL (RNA-guided endonuclease - in situ labelling) does not require DNA denaturation, and therefore permits a better structural chromatin preservation. The application of differentially labelled trans-activating crRNAs allows the multiplexing of RGEN-ISL. Moreover, this technique is combinable with immunohistochemistry. Real-time visualisation of the CRISPR/Cas9-mediated DNA labelling process revealed the kinetics of the reaction. The broad range of adaptability of RGEN-ISL to different temperatures and combinations of methods has the potential to advance the field of chromosome biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayoshi Ishii
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK) GaterslebenSeelandD‐06466Germany
- Arid Land Research Center (ALRC)Tottori University1390 HamasakaTottori680‐0001Japan
| | - Veit Schubert
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK) GaterslebenSeelandD‐06466Germany
| | - Solmaz Khosravi
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK) GaterslebenSeelandD‐06466Germany
| | - Steven Dreissig
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK) GaterslebenSeelandD‐06466Germany
| | - Janina Metje‐Sprink
- Julius Kühn‐InstituteInstitute of Biosafety in Plant BiotechnologyQuedlinburgD‐06484Germany
| | - Thorben Sprink
- Julius Kühn‐InstituteInstitute of Biosafety in Plant BiotechnologyQuedlinburgD‐06484Germany
| | - Jörg Fuchs
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK) GaterslebenSeelandD‐06466Germany
| | - Armin Meister
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK) GaterslebenSeelandD‐06466Germany
| | - Andreas Houben
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK) GaterslebenSeelandD‐06466Germany
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Phan HT, Ho TT, Chu HH, Vu TH, Gresch U, Conrad U. Neutralizing immune responses induced by oligomeric H5N1-hemagglutinins from plants. Vet Res 2017; 48:53. [PMID: 28931425 PMCID: PMC5607582 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-017-0458-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant-based transient expression is an alternative platform to produce hemagglutinin-based subunit vaccines. This production system provides not only fast and effective response in the context of a pandemic but also enables the supply of big volume vaccines at low cost. Crude plant extracts containing influenza hemagglutinin are considered to use as vaccine sources because of avoidance of related purification steps resulting in low cost production allowing veterinary applications. Highly immunogenic influenza hemagglutinins are urgently required to meet these pre-conditions. Here, we present a new and innovative way to generate functional H5 oligomers from avian flu hemagglutinin in planta by the specific interaction of S·Tag and S·Protein. A S·Tag was fused to H5 trimers and this construct was transiently co-expressed in planta with S·Protein-TPs which was multimerized by disulfide bonds via cysteine residues in tailpiece sequences (TP) of IgM antibody. Multimerized S·Protein-TPs serve as bridges/molecular docks to combine S·Tag-fused hemagglutinin trimers to form very large hemagglutinin H5 oligomers. H5 oligomers in the plant crude extract were highly active in hemagglutination resulting in high titers. Immunization of mice with two doses of plant crude extracts containing H5 oligomers after storage for 1 week at 4 °C caused strong immune responses and induced neutralizing specific humoral immune responses in mice. These results allow for the development of cheap influenza vaccines for veterinary application in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoang Trong Phan
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Gatersleben, Germany
- Institute of Biotechnology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Thuong Thi Ho
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Gatersleben, Germany
- Institute of Biotechnology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | | | | | - Ulrike Gresch
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Udo Conrad
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Gatersleben, Germany
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Dreissig S, Schiml S, Schindele P, Weiss O, Rutten T, Schubert V, Gladilin E, Mette MF, Puchta H, Houben A. Live-cell CRISPR imaging in plants reveals dynamic telomere movements. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 91:565-573. [PMID: 28509419 PMCID: PMC5599988 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Elucidating the spatiotemporal organization of the genome inside the nucleus is imperative to our understanding of the regulation of genes and non-coding sequences during development and environmental changes. Emerging techniques of chromatin imaging promise to bridge the long-standing gap between sequencing studies, which reveal genomic information, and imaging studies that provide spatial and temporal information of defined genomic regions. Here, we demonstrate such an imaging technique based on two orthologues of the bacterial clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-CRISPR associated protein 9 (Cas9). By fusing eGFP/mRuby2 to catalytically inactive versions of Streptococcus pyogenes and Staphylococcus aureus Cas9, we show robust visualization of telomere repeats in live leaf cells of Nicotiana benthamiana. By tracking the dynamics of telomeres visualized by CRISPR-dCas9, we reveal dynamic telomere movements of up to 2 μm over 30 min during interphase. Furthermore, we show that CRISPR-dCas9 can be combined with fluorescence-labelled proteins to visualize DNA-protein interactions in vivo. By simultaneously using two dCas9 orthologues, we pave the way for the imaging of multiple genomic loci in live plants cells. CRISPR imaging bears the potential to significantly improve our understanding of the dynamics of chromosomes in live plant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Dreissig
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK)Gatersleben06466SeelandGermany
| | - Simon Schiml
- Botanical InstituteKarlsruhe Institute of TechnologyPOB 698076049KarlsruheGermany
| | - Patrick Schindele
- Botanical InstituteKarlsruhe Institute of TechnologyPOB 698076049KarlsruheGermany
| | - Oda Weiss
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK)Gatersleben06466SeelandGermany
| | - Twan Rutten
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK)Gatersleben06466SeelandGermany
| | - Veit Schubert
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK)Gatersleben06466SeelandGermany
| | - Evgeny Gladilin
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK)Gatersleben06466SeelandGermany
| | - Michael F. Mette
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK)Gatersleben06466SeelandGermany
- Present address:
King Abdullah University of Science & TechnologyThuwal23955‐6900Saudi Arabia
| | - Holger Puchta
- Botanical InstituteKarlsruhe Institute of TechnologyPOB 698076049KarlsruheGermany
| | - Andreas Houben
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK)Gatersleben06466SeelandGermany
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