1
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Targeted systematic evolution of an RNA platform neutralizing DNMT1 function and controlling DNA methylation. Nat Commun 2023; 14:99. [PMID: 36609400 PMCID: PMC9823104 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35222-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation is a fundamental epigenetic modification regulating gene expression. Aberrant DNA methylation is the most common molecular lesion in cancer cells. However, medical intervention has been limited to the use of broadly acting, small molecule-based demethylating drugs with significant side-effects and toxicities. To allow for targeted DNA demethylation, we integrated two nucleic acid-based approaches: DNMT1 interacting RNA (DiR) and RNA aptamer strategy. By combining the RNA inherent capabilities of inhibiting DNMT1 with an aptamer platform, we generated a first-in-class DNMT1-targeted approach - aptaDiR. Molecular modelling of RNA-DNMT1 complexes coupled with biochemical and cellular assays enabled the identification and characterization of aptaDiR. This RNA bio-drug is able to block DNA methylation, impair cancer cell viability and inhibit tumour growth in vivo. Collectively, we present an innovative RNA-based approach to modulate DNMT1 activity in cancer or diseases characterized by aberrant DNA methylation and suggest the first alternative strategy to overcome the limitations of currently approved non-specific hypomethylating protocols, which will greatly improve clinical intervention on DNA methylation.
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2
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CD44 and CD133 aptamer directed nanocarriers for cancer stem cells targeting. Eur Polym J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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3
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Narayan C, Veeramani S, Thiel WH. Optimization of RNA Aptamer SELEX Methods: Improved Aptamer Transcript 3'-End Homogeneity, PAGE Purification Yield, and Target-Bound Aptamer RNA Recovery. Nucleic Acid Ther 2022; 32:74-80. [PMID: 34757856 PMCID: PMC8817694 DOI: 10.1089/nat.2021.0060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Since its inception in the early 1990s, SELEX remains the gold standard for discovering RNA aptamers specific for proteins and small molecules. The SELEX process has undergone countless modifications and now encompasses a breadth of innovative selection schemes to pare an aptamer library toward target-specific aptamers. Common to all these RNA aptamer SELEX processes are the steps for the preparation of DNA template and in vitro transcription of aptamer RNA. These steps have remained mostly unchanged over the past three decades and would benefit from optimization. We focused on three key areas: improving the homogeneity of in vitro transcribed aptamer RNA, increasing the efficiency of in vitro transcribed aptamer RNA purification by PAGE, and improving the quality of target-bound aptamer RNA recovered during SELEX. Together, these optimizations contribute toward a more efficient SELEX process and are applicable to both protein-based and cell-based RNA aptamer selections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandan Narayan
- Department of Internal Medicine and University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Suresh Veeramani
- Department of Internal Medicine and University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.,Department of Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.,Address correspondence to: Suresh Veeramani, DVM, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - William H. Thiel
- Department of Internal Medicine and University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.,Address correspondence to: William H. Thiel, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
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4
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Aptamer grafted nanoparticle as targeted therapeutic tool for the treatment of breast cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 146:112530. [PMID: 34915416 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast carcinomas repeat their number and grow exponentially making it extremely frequent malignancy among women. Approximately, 70-80% of early diagnosed or non-metastatic conditions are treatable while the metastatic cases are considered ineffective to treat with current ample amount of therapy. Target based anti-cancer treatment has been in the limelight for decades and is perceived significant consideration of scientists. Aptamers are the 'coming of age' therapeutic approach, selected using an appropriate tool from the library of sequences. Aptamers are non-immunogenic, stable, and high-affinity ligand which are poised to reach the clinical benchmark. With the heed in nanoparticle application, the delivery of aptamer to the specific site could be enhanced which also protects them from nuclease degradation. Moreover, nanoparticles due to robust structure, high drug entrapment, and modifiable release of cargo could serve as a successful candidate in the treatment of breast carcinoma. This review would showcase the method and modified method of selection of aptamers, aptamers that were able to make its way towards clinical trial and their targetability and selectivity towards breast cancers. The appropriate usage of aptamer-based biosensor in breast cancer diagnosis have also been discussed.
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5
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Rotoli D, Santana-Viera L, Ibba ML, Esposito CL, Catuogno S. Advances in Oligonucleotide Aptamers for NSCLC Targeting. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176075. [PMID: 32842557 PMCID: PMC7504093 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common type of lung cancer worldwide, with the highest incidence in developed countries. NSCLC patients often face resistance to currently available therapies, accounting for frequent relapses and poor prognosis. Indeed, despite great recent advancements in the field of NSCLC diagnosis and multimodal therapy, most patients are diagnosed at advanced metastatic stage, with a very low overall survival. Thus, the identification of new effective diagnostic and therapeutic options for NSCLC patients is a crucial challenge in oncology. A promising class of targeting molecules is represented by nucleic-acid aptamers, short single-stranded oligonucleotides that upon folding in particular three dimensional (3D) structures, serve as high affinity ligands towards disease-associated proteins. They are produced in vitro by SELEX (systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment), a combinatorial chemistry procedure, representing an important tool for novel targetable biomarker discovery of both diagnostic and therapeutic interest. Aptamer-based approaches are promising options for NSCLC early diagnosis and targeted therapy and may overcome the key obstacles of currently used therapeutic modalities, such as the high toxicity and patients’ resistance. In this review, we highlight the most important applications of SELEX technology and aptamers for NSCLC handling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Rotoli
- Institute Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology “Gaetano Salvatore” (IEOS), National Research Council (CNR), 80145 Naples, Italy; (D.R.); (L.S.-V.)
| | - Laura Santana-Viera
- Institute Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology “Gaetano Salvatore” (IEOS), National Research Council (CNR), 80145 Naples, Italy; (D.R.); (L.S.-V.)
| | - Maria L. Ibba
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, “Federico II” University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Carla L. Esposito
- Institute Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology “Gaetano Salvatore” (IEOS), National Research Council (CNR), 80145 Naples, Italy; (D.R.); (L.S.-V.)
- Correspondence: (C.L.E.); (S.C.); Tel.: +39-081-3722343 (C.L.E. & S.C.)
| | - Silvia Catuogno
- Institute Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology “Gaetano Salvatore” (IEOS), National Research Council (CNR), 80145 Naples, Italy; (D.R.); (L.S.-V.)
- Correspondence: (C.L.E.); (S.C.); Tel.: +39-081-3722343 (C.L.E. & S.C.)
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6
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Catuogno S, Di Martino MT, Nuzzo S, Esposito CL, Tassone P, de Franciscis V. An Anti-BCMA RNA Aptamer for miRNA Intracellular Delivery. MOLECULAR THERAPY-NUCLEIC ACIDS 2019; 18:981-990. [PMID: 31778956 PMCID: PMC6889555 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2019.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
B cell maturation antigen is highly expressed on malignant plasma cells in human multiple myeloma and has recently emerged as a very promising target for therapeutic interventions. Nucleic-acid-based aptamers are small oligonucleotides with high selective targeting properties and functional advantages over monoclonal antibodies, as both diagnostic and therapeutic tools. Here, we describe the generation of the first-ever-described nuclease resistant RNA aptamer selectively binding to B cell maturation antigen. We adopted a modified cell-based systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment approach allowing the enrichment for internalizing aptamers. The selected 2′Fluoro-Pyrimidine modified aptamer, named apt69.T, effectively and selectively bound B cell maturation antigen-expressing myeloma cells with rapid and efficient internalization. Interestingly, apt69.T inhibited APRIL-dependent nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) pathway in vitro. Moreover, the aptamer was conjugated to microRNA-137 (miR-137) and anti-miR-222, demonstrating high potential against tumor cells. In conclusion, apt69.T is a novel tool suitable for direct targeting and delivery of therapeutics to B cell maturation antigen-expressing myeloma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Catuogno
- IEOS - Istituto per l'endocrinologia e l'oncologia "Gaetano Salvatore," CNR, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Di Martino
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia University, Campus Salvatore Venuta, Catanzaro, Italy
| | | | - Carla Lucia Esposito
- IEOS - Istituto per l'endocrinologia e l'oncologia "Gaetano Salvatore," CNR, Naples, Italy
| | - Pierfrancesco Tassone
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia University, Campus Salvatore Venuta, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Vittorio de Franciscis
- IEOS - Istituto per l'endocrinologia e l'oncologia "Gaetano Salvatore," CNR, Naples, Italy.
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7
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Affinito A, Quintavalle C, Esposito CL, Roscigno G, Vilardo C, Nuzzo S, Ricci-Vitiani L, De Luca G, Pallini R, Kichkailo AS, Lapin IN, de Franciscis V, Condorelli G. The Discovery of RNA Aptamers that Selectively Bind Glioblastoma Stem Cells. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2019; 18:99-109. [PMID: 31541799 PMCID: PMC6796606 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2019.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive primary brain tumor in adults. Despite progress in surgical and medical neuro-oncology, prognosis for GBM patients remains dismal, with a median survival of only 14–15 months. The modest benefit of conventional therapies is due to the presence of GBM stem cells (GSCs) that cause tumor relapse and chemoresistance and, therefore, that play a key role in GBM aggressiveness and recurrence. So far, strategies to identify and target GSCs have been unsuccessful. Thus, the development of an approach for GSC detection and targeting would be fundamental for improving the survival of GBM patients. Here, using the cell-systematic evolution of ligand by exponential (SELEX) methodology on human primary GSCs, we generated and characterized RNA aptamers that selectively bind GSCs versus undifferentiated GBM cells. We found that the shortened version of the aptamer 40L, which we have called A40s, costained with CD133-labeled cells in human GBM tissue, suggestive of an ability to specifically recognize GSCs in fixed human tissues. Of note, both 40L and A40s were rapidly internalized by cells, allowing for the delivery of the microRNA miR-34c and the anti-microRNA anti-miR-10b, demonstrating that these aptamers can serve as selective vehicles for therapeutics. In conclusion, the aptamers 40L and A40s can selectively target GSCs. Given the crucial role of GSCs in GBM recurrence and therapy resistance, these aptamers represent innovative drug delivery candidates with a great potential in the treatment of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Affinito
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, "Federico II" University of Naples, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; Percuros B.V., Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - Cristina Quintavalle
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, "Federico II" University of Naples, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; Percuros B.V., Enschede, the Netherlands.
| | | | - Giuseppina Roscigno
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, "Federico II" University of Naples, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Claudia Vilardo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, "Federico II" University of Naples, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | | | - Lucia Ricci-Vitiani
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriele De Luca
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Pallini
- Institute of Neurosurgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Agostino Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Anna S Kichkailo
- Federal Research Center, Krasnoyarsk Research Center Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Science, Krasnoyarsk, Russia; Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Ivan N Lapin
- Siberian Physical-Technical Institute of Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia
| | | | - Gerolama Condorelli
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, "Federico II" University of Naples, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; IRCCS Neuromed - Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo Pozzilli, Pozzilli, Italy.
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8
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Alshaer W, Hillaireau H, Fattal E. Aptamer-guided nanomedicines for anticancer drug delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2018; 134:122-137. [PMID: 30267743 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2018.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Aptamers are versatile nucleic acid-based macromolecules characterized by their high affinity and specificity to a specific target. Taking advantage of such binding properties, several aptamers have been selected to bind tumor biomarkers and have been used as targeting ligands for the functionalization of nanomedicines. Different functionalization methods have been used to link aptamers to the surface drug nanocarriers. The pre-clinical data of such nanomedicines overall show an enhanced and selective delivery of therapeutic payloads to cancer cells, thereby accelerating steps towards more effective therapeutic systems. This review describes the current advances in the use of aptamers as targeting moieties for the delivery of therapeutic and imaging agents to tumors by conjugation to organic and inorganic nanocarriers.
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9
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Catuogno S, Esposito CL, Ungaro P, de Franciscis V. Nucleic Acid Aptamers Targeting Epigenetic Regulators: An Innovative Therapeutic Option. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2018; 11:ph11030079. [PMID: 30149585 PMCID: PMC6161095 DOI: 10.3390/ph11030079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic mechanisms include DNA methylation, posttranslational modifications of histones, chromatin remodeling factors, and post transcriptional gene regulation by noncoding RNAs. All together, these processes regulate gene expression by changing chromatin organization and DNA accessibility. Targeting enzymatic regulators responsible for DNA and chromatin modifications hold promise for modulating the transcriptional regulation of genes that are involved in cancer, as well as in chronic noncommunicable metabolic diseases like obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. Increasingly studies are emerging, leading to the identification of specific and effective molecules targeting epigenetic pathways involved in disease onset. In this regard, RNA interference, which uses small RNAs to reduce gene expression and nucleic acid aptamers are arising as very promising candidates in therapeutic approach. Common to all these strategies is the imperative challenge of specificity. In this regard, nucleic acid aptamers have emerged as an attractive class of carrier molecules due to their ability to bind with high affinity to specific ligands, their high chemical flexibility as well as tissue penetration capability. In this review, we will focus on the recent progress in the field of aptamers used as targeting moieties able to recognize and revert epigenetics marks involved in diseases onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Catuogno
- Istituto per l'Endocrinologia e l'Oncologia Sperimentale del CNR "G. Salvatore", Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Carla Lucia Esposito
- Istituto per l'Endocrinologia e l'Oncologia Sperimentale del CNR "G. Salvatore", Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Paola Ungaro
- Istituto per l'Endocrinologia e l'Oncologia Sperimentale del CNR "G. Salvatore", Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Vittorio de Franciscis
- Istituto per l'Endocrinologia e l'Oncologia Sperimentale del CNR "G. Salvatore", Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy.
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10
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Park J, Lim MC, Ryu H, Shim J, Kim SM, Kim YR, Jeon TJ. Nanopore based detection of Bacillus thuringiensis HD-73 spores using aptamers and versatile DNA hairpins. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:11955-11961. [PMID: 29904756 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr03168a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A versatile nanopore sensing platform to detect any aptamer using nanopores by designing DNA hairpins that are complementary to the aptamer is described. This platform can detect the presence of aptamer binding targets regardless of their size, which has been a major hurdle for nanopore detection systems. Moreover, the signal-to-noise ratio is increased by eliminating most of the unwanted substances from the sample via simple sample preparation steps. To detect Bacillus thuringiensis HD-73 spores using this sensing platform, DNA hairpins complementary to the target-specific aptamers were designed, and the hairpins were characterized using alpha-hemolysin nanopores after the reaction of spores and aptamers and subsequent reaction with the complementary DNA hairpins. The platform exhibited a detection limit as low as 1.2 × 101 CFU mL-1 and was compatible with a wide range of spore concentrations from 1.2 × 101 CFU mL-1 to 1.2 × 106 CFU mL-1 while it is still expandable to higher spore concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joongjin Park
- Department of Biological Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea.
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11
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Ladju RB, Pascut D, Massi MN, Tiribelli C, Sukowati CHC. Aptamer: A potential oligonucleotide nanomedicine in the diagnosis and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncotarget 2017; 9:2951-2961. [PMID: 29416827 PMCID: PMC5788695 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancers with a high mortality rate. Late diagnosis and poor prognosis are still a major drawback since curative therapies such as liver resection and liver transplantation are effective only for an early stage HCC. Development of novel molecular targeting therapies against HCC may provide new options that will improve the efficiency of the diagnosis and the success of the therapy, thus ameliorating the life expectancy of the patients. The aptamer is an oligonucleotide nanomedicine that has high binding affinity and specificity to small and large target molecules in the intracellular and extracellular environment with agonist or antagonist function. Currently, several aptamers for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes are under development to recognize different molecules of HCC. In in vitro models, the aptamer has been shown to be able to reduce the growth of HCC cells and increase the sensitivity to conventional chemotherapies. In in vivo mouse models, aptamer could induce cell apoptosis with antitumor activity. Overall data had shown that aptamer has limited toxicity and might be safe in clinical application. This review summarizes recent information of aptamer as a potential oligonucleotide nanomedicine tool, in diagnostics, targeted therapy, and as drug delivery nano-vehicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rusdina Bte Ladju
- Fondazione Italiana Fegato, AREA Science Park Basovizza, Trieste, Italy.,Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Devis Pascut
- Fondazione Italiana Fegato, AREA Science Park Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | | | - Claudio Tiribelli
- Fondazione Italiana Fegato, AREA Science Park Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
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12
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Gao S, Zheng X, Wu J. A biolayer interferometry-based enzyme-linked aptamer sorbent assay for real-time and highly sensitive detection of PDGF-BB. Biosens Bioelectron 2017; 102:57-62. [PMID: 29125972 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2017.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Accurate, fast and sensitive detection of disease-specific protein biomarkers, especially in blood, urine, or other bodily fluids, is an important approach to achieve early disease diagnosis. Platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB), a widely used biomarker, is involved in a substantial number of serious diseases, such as hepatic fibrosis, atherosclerosis, age-related macular degeneration and diabetic eye disease and is often over-expressed in human malignant tumors. Therefore, the development of sensitive and specific detection methods for PDGF-BB is of great importance for the early diagnosis of disease and assessments of patient recovery. In the current study, a biolayer interferometry-based enzyme-linked aptamer sorbent assay (BLI-ELASA) was successfully established for rapid (20-25min), high-throughput (8 or 16 samples) and real-time monitoring of PDGF-BB in clinical samples. The method exhibited a broad detection range from 0.5 to 1000ng/mL of PDGF-BB (good linear range from 0.5 to 10ng/mL), with a low detection limit of 0.08ng/mL. Moreover, BLI-ELASA was applied to the detection of PDGF-BB in spiked serum and urine samples and showed a high degree of selectivity for PDGF-BB, good reproducibility, and stability. We believe that the methodology in this work can be easily adapted to detect other biomolecules in clinical samples, including viruses, pathogens and toxins, in a rapid, sensitive, high-throughput and real-time manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunxiang Gao
- Eye Institute, Eye and ENT Hospital, College of Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Myopia, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Zheng
- Department of Laboratory Diagnosis, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jihong Wu
- Eye Institute, Eye and ENT Hospital, College of Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Myopia, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China.
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13
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Staudacher DL, Putz V, Heger L, Reinöhl J, Hortmann M, Zelenkofske SL, Becker RC, Rusconi CP, Bode C, Ahrens I. Direct factor IXa inhibition with the RNA-aptamer pegnivacogin reduces platelet reactivity in vitro and residual platelet aggregation in patients with acute coronary syndromes. EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL-ACUTE CARDIOVASCULAR CARE 2017; 8:520-526. [PMID: 28403626 DOI: 10.1177/2048872617703065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Residual platelet reactivity is a predictor of poor prognosis in patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACSs) undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. Thrombin is a major platelet activator and upon initiation of the coagulation cascade, it is subsequently produced downstream of factor IXa, which itself is known to be increased in ACS. Pegnivacogin is a novel RNA-aptamer based factor IXa inhibitor featuring a reversal agent, anivamersen. We hypothesized that pegnivacogin could reduce platelet reactivity. METHODS Whole blood samples from healthy volunteers were incubated in vitro in the presence and absence of pegnivacogin and platelet reactivity was analysed. In addition, platelet aggregometry was performed in blood samples from ACS patients in the RADAR trial featuring the intravenous administration of pegnivacogin as well as reversal by anivamersen. RESULTS In vitro, pegnivacogin significantly reduced adenosine diphosphate-induced CD62P-expression (100% vs. 89.79±4.04%, p=0.027, n=9) and PAC-1 binding (100% vs. 83.02±4.08%, p=0.010, n=11). Platelet aggregation was reduced (97.71±5.30% vs. 66.53±9.92%, p=0.013, n=10) as evaluated by light transmission aggregometry. In the presence of the RNA-aptamer reversal agent anivamersen, neither CD62P-expression nor platelet aggregation was attenuated. In patients with ACS treated with aspirin and clopidogrel, residual platelet aggregation was significantly reduced 20 min after intravenous bolus of 1 mg/kg pegnivacogin (100% versus 43.21±8.23%, p=0.020). CONCLUSION Inhibition of factor IXa by pegnivacogin decreases platelet activation and aggregation in vitro. This effect was negated by anivamersen. In ACS patients, platelet aggregation was significantly reduced after intravenous pegnivacogin. An aptamer-based anticoagulant inhibiting factor IXa therefore might be a promising antithrombotic strategy in ACS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawid L Staudacher
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Centre, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Vera Putz
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Centre, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Lukas Heger
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Centre, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jochen Reinöhl
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Centre, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Marcus Hortmann
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Centre, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Richard C Becker
- University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, USA
| | | | - Christoph Bode
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Centre, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ingo Ahrens
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Centre, University of Freiburg, Germany
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14
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Iaboni M, Fontanella R, Rienzo A, Capuozzo M, Nuzzo S, Santamaria G, Catuogno S, Condorelli G, de Franciscis V, Esposito CL. Targeting Insulin Receptor with a Novel Internalizing Aptamer. MOLECULAR THERAPY-NUCLEIC ACIDS 2016; 5:e365. [PMID: 27648925 PMCID: PMC5056995 DOI: 10.1038/mtna.2016.73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Nucleic acid-based aptamers are emerging as therapeutic antagonists of disease-associated proteins such as receptor tyrosine kinases. They are selected by an in vitro combinatorial chemistry approach, named Systematic Evolution of Ligands by Exponential enrichment (SELEX), and thanks to their small size and unique chemical characteristics, they possess several advantages over antibodies as diagnostics and therapeutics. In addition, aptamers that rapidly internalize into target cells hold as well great potential for their in vivo use as delivery tools of secondary therapeutic agents. Here, we describe a nuclease resistant RNA aptamer, named GL56, which specifically recognizes the insulin receptor (IR). Isolated by a cell-based SELEX method that allows enrichment for internalizing aptamers, GL56 rapidly internalizes into target cells and is able to discriminate IR from the highly homologous insulin-like growth factor receptor 1. Notably, when applied to IR expressing cancer cells, the aptamer inhibits IR dependent signaling. Given the growing interest in the insulin receptor as target for cancer treatment, GL56 reveals a novel molecule with great translational potential as inhibitor and delivery tool for IR-dependent cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Iaboni
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, "Federico II" University of Naples, Naples, Italy.,Current address: Bracco Imaging S.p.A., Turin, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Silvia Nuzzo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, "Federico II" University of Naples, Naples, Italy.,IEOS, CNR, Naples, Italy
| | - Gianluca Santamaria
- Research Center of Advanced Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | | | - Gerolama Condorelli
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, "Federico II" University of Naples, Naples, Italy.,IEOS, CNR, Naples, Italy
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Aptamers in hematological malignancies and their potential therapeutic implications. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2016; 106:108-17. [PMID: 27637356 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2016.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Revised: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aptamers are short DNA/RNA oligonucleotides selected by the process called Systematic Evolution of Ligands by Exponential Enrichment (SELEX). Due to their functional similarity to monoclonal antibodies with some superior characters, such as high specificity and affinity, flexible modification and stability, and lack of toxicity and immunogenicity, they are promising alternative and complementary targeted therapy for hematologic malignancies. The trends in aptamer technology including production, selection, modifications are briefly discussed in this review. The key aspect is to illustrate aptamers against cancer cells in hematologic malignancies especially those that have entered clinical trials. We also discuss some challenges remain in the application of aptamers.
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16
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Iaboni M, Russo V, Fontanella R, Roscigno G, Fiore D, Donnarumma E, Esposito CL, Quintavalle C, Giangrande PH, de Franciscis V, Condorelli G. Aptamer-miRNA-212 Conjugate Sensitizes NSCLC Cells to TRAIL. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2016; 5:e289. [PMID: 27111415 PMCID: PMC5014461 DOI: 10.1038/mtna.2016.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is a promising antitumor agent for its remarkable ability to selectively induce apoptosis in cancer cells, without affecting the viability of healthy bystander cells. The TRAIL tumor suppressor pathway is deregulated in many human malignancies including lung cancer. In human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells, sensitization to TRAIL therapy can be restored by increasing the expression levels of the tumor suppressor microRNA-212 (miR-212) leading to inhibition of the anti-apoptotic protein PED/PEA-15 implicated in treatment resistance. In this study, we exploited a previously described RNA aptamer inhibitor of the tyrosine kinase receptor Axl (GL21.T) expressed on lung cancer cells, as a means to deliver miR-212 into human NSCLC cells expressing Axl. We demonstrate efficient delivery of miR-212 following conjugation of the miR to GL21.T (GL21.T-miR212 chimera). We show that the chimera downregulates PED and restores TRAIL-mediate cytotoxicity in cancer cells. Importantly, treatment of Axl+ lung cancer cells with the chimera resulted in (i) an increase in caspase activation and (ii) a reduction of cell viability in combination with TRAIL therapy. In conclusion, we demonstrate that the GL21.T-miR212 chimera can be employed as an adjuvant to TRAIL therapy for the treatment of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Iaboni
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, "Federico II" University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Valentina Russo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, "Federico II" University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | | | | | - Danilo Fiore
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, "Federico II" University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | | | | | - Cristina Quintavalle
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, "Federico II" University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | | | | | - Gerolama Condorelli
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, "Federico II" University of Naples, Naples, Italy.,IEOS, CNR, Naples, Italy
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