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Mao S, Chen Y, Sun J, Wei C, Song Z, Lu F, Qin HM. Enhancing the sustainability of KsdD as a biocatalyst for steroid transformation by immobilization on epoxy support. Enzyme Microb Technol 2021; 146:109777. [PMID: 33812565 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2021.109777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The Δ1-dehydrogenation of 3-ketosteroid substrates is a crucial reaction in the production of steroids. Although 3-ketosteroid Δ1-dehydrogenase (KsdD) catalyzes this reaction with high efficiency and selectivity, the low stability and high cost of the purified enzyme catalyst have limited its industrial application. In this study, an epoxy support was used to evaluate the covalent immobilization of KsdD from Pimelobacter simplex, and the best androsta-1,4-diene-317-dione (ADD) production was achieved after optimized immobilization of KsdD enzyme in 1.5 M NaH2PO4- Na2HPO4 buffer (pH 6.5) for 12 h at 25 °C. The immobilized KsdD exhibited higher tolerance toward 20 % methanol. The dehydrogenation reaction reached a conversion efficiency of up to 90.0 % in 2 h when using 0.6 mg/mL of 4-androstene-317-dione (AD). The W299A and W299 G mutants of KsdD were also immobilized, and both showed the better catalytic performance with higher kcat/KM values compared with the wild type (WT). The immobilized W299A, W299 G and WT KsdD respectively maintained 70.5, 65.7 and 38.7 % of their initial activity at the end of 15 reaction cycles. Furthermore, the W299A retained 66.3 % of the initial activity after 30 days of incubation at 4 °C, and was more stable than free KsdD, Thus, the immobilized W299A is a promising biocatalyst for steroid dehydrogenation. In this study, we investigated the application of immobilized enzymes for the dehydrogenation of steroids, which will be of great importance for improving the development of green technology and sustainable use of biocatalysts in the steroid manufacturing industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhong Mao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, Tianjin, 300457, PR China
| | - Ying Chen
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, Tianjin, 300457, PR China
| | - Jing Sun
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, Tianjin, 300457, PR China
| | - Cancan Wei
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, Tianjin, 300457, PR China
| | - Zhan Song
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, Tianjin, 300457, PR China
| | - Fuping Lu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, Tianjin, 300457, PR China.
| | - Hui-Min Qin
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, Tianjin, 300457, PR China.
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Alkotaini B, Tinucci SL, Robertson SJ, Hasan K, Minteer SD, Grattieri M. Alginate-Encapsulated Bacteria for the Treatment of Hypersaline Solutions in Microbial Fuel Cells. Chembiochem 2018; 19:1162-1169. [PMID: 29700989 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201800142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A microbial fuel cell (MFC) based on a new wild-type strain of Salinivibrio sp. allowed the self-sustained treatment of hypersaline solutions (100 g L-1 , 1.71 m NaCl), reaching a removal of (87±11) % of the initial chemical oxygen demand after five days of operation, being the highest value achieved for hypersaline MFC. The degradation process and the evolution of the open circuit potential of the MFCs were correlated, opening the possibility for online monitoring of the treatment. The use of alginate capsules to trap bacterial cells, increasing cell density and stability, resulted in an eightfold higher power output, together with a more stable system, allowing operation up to five months with no maintenance required. The reported results are of critical importance to efforts to develop a sustainable and cost-effective system that treats hypersaline waste streams and reduces the quantity of polluting compounds released.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bassam Alkotaini
- Departments of Chemistry and Materials Science and Engineering, University of Utah, 315 S 1400 E Room 2020, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
- Present address: BioFire Diagnostics, LLC, Salt Lake City, UT, 84108, USA
| | - Samantha L Tinucci
- Chemistry Department, College of Saint Benedict, 37 South College Avenue, St. Joseph, MN, 56374, USA
| | - Stuart J Robertson
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Utah, 50 Central Campus Drive, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Kamrul Hasan
- Departments of Chemistry and Materials Science and Engineering, University of Utah, 315 S 1400 E Room 2020, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Shelley D Minteer
- Departments of Chemistry and Materials Science and Engineering, University of Utah, 315 S 1400 E Room 2020, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Matteo Grattieri
- Departments of Chemistry and Materials Science and Engineering, University of Utah, 315 S 1400 E Room 2020, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
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Hasan K, Milton RD, Grattieri M, Wang T, Stephanz M, Minteer SD. Photobioelectrocatalysis of Intact Chloroplasts for Solar Energy Conversion. ACS Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.7b00039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kamrul Hasan
- Departments of Chemistry and Materials Science & Engineering, University of Utah, 315 S 1400 E Room 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Ross D. Milton
- Departments of Chemistry and Materials Science & Engineering, University of Utah, 315 S 1400 E Room 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Matteo Grattieri
- Departments of Chemistry and Materials Science & Engineering, University of Utah, 315 S 1400 E Room 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Tao Wang
- Departments of Chemistry and Materials Science & Engineering, University of Utah, 315 S 1400 E Room 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Megan Stephanz
- Departments of Chemistry and Materials Science & Engineering, University of Utah, 315 S 1400 E Room 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Shelley D. Minteer
- Departments of Chemistry and Materials Science & Engineering, University of Utah, 315 S 1400 E Room 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
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