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Wang L, Lv WQ, Yang JT, Lin X, Liu HM, Tan HJ, Quan RP, Long PP, Shen H, Shen J, Deng HW, Xiao HM. Enteric nervous system damage caused by abnormal intestinal butyrate metabolism may lead to functional constipation. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1117905. [PMID: 37228368 PMCID: PMC10203953 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1117905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Functional constipation (FC) is a high morbidity gastrointestinal disease for which dysfunction in the enteric nervous system is a major pathogenesis mechanism. To enhance our understanding of the involvement of intestinal microbiota and its metabolites in the pathogenesis of FC, we conducted a shotgun metagenomic sequencing analysis of gut microbiota and serum short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) analysis in 460 Chinese women with different defecation frequencies. We observed that the abundance ofFusobacterium_varium, a butyric acid-producing bacterium, was positively correlated (P = 0.0096) with the frequency of defecation; however, the concentrations of serum butyric acid was negatively correlated (P = 3.51E-05) with defecation frequency. These results were verified in an independent cohort (6 patients with FC and 6 controls). To further study the effects of butyric acid on intestinal nerve cells, we treated mouse intestinal neurons in vitro with various concentrations of butyrate (0.1, 0.5, 1, and 2.5 mM). We found that intestinal neurons treated with 0.5 mM butyrate proliferated better than those in the other treatment groups, with significant differences in cell cycle and oxidative phosphorylation signal pathways. We suggest that the decreased butyrate production resulting from the reduced abundance of Fusobacterium in gut microbiota affects the proliferation of intestinal neurons and the energy supply of intestinal cells. However, with FC disease advancing, the consumption and excretion of butyric acid reduce, leading to its accumulation in the intestine. Moreover, the accumulation of an excessively high amount of butyric acid inhibits the proliferation of nerve cells and subsequently exacerbates the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Wang
- Center for System Biology, Data Sciences, and Reproductive Health, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- School of Basic Medical Science, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, Hunan, China
| | - Wan-Qiang Lv
- Center of Safety Evaluation and Research, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Safety Evaluation and Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jun-Ting Yang
- Center for System Biology, Data Sciences, and Reproductive Health, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xu Lin
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui-Min Liu
- Center for System Biology, Data Sciences, and Reproductive Health, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hang-Jing Tan
- Center for System Biology, Data Sciences, and Reproductive Health, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ru-Ping Quan
- Center for System Biology, Data Sciences, and Reproductive Health, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Pan-Pan Long
- Center for System Biology, Data Sciences, and Reproductive Health, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hui Shen
- Tulane Center of Biomedical Informatics and Genomics, Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Jie Shen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong-Wen Deng
- Tulane Center of Biomedical Informatics and Genomics, Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Hong-Mei Xiao
- Center for System Biology, Data Sciences, and Reproductive Health, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Zhang T, Huang J, Zhang Z, Lv J, Zhang D, Qing R, Lan L. Flow cytometry and 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) labeling to detect the cell cycle dynamics of Phaeodactylum tricornutum under light. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2022; 58:555-567. [PMID: 35352350 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.13250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Cell cycle studies in plants and algae are highly dependent on reliable methods for detecting cellular DNA replication. With its short growth cycle and ease of genetic transformation, Phaeodactylum tricornutum is an important model organism for the study of pennate diatoms. Here we explored two different methods to detect the cell cycle of P. tricornutum, one using SYBR-green I to via flow cytometry, and the other using EdU labeling to observe cell cycle changes under fluorescence microscopy. Both EdU labeling fluorescence microscopy and SYBR-green I staining flow cytometry accurately indicated that the cells of P. tricornutum enter the G2/M phase after 12 h of light exposure. The results indicate that SYBR Green I was an adequate detection method for nuclear DNA quantitation in cells of P. tricornutum using a flow cytometer and without RNase A treatment. In addition, EdU can be applied to P. tricornutum to reliably detect cell proliferation. Besides, Mg-ProtoIX was able to reverse the cell cycle division inhibition of P. tricornutum and allow the nuclear DNA replication to proceed normally. Taken together, the photoperiodic division time point was clearly identified, which sheds light on the regulation of cell division mechanism in P. tricornutum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Jingyi Huang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Zhixia Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Jie Lv
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Dongqun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Renwei Qing
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Liqiong Lan
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
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Hajipour F, Mahdavinia M, Fereidoonnezhad M. Half-lantern Cyclometalated Platinum(II) Complexes as Anticancer Agents: Molecular docking, Apoptosis, Cell Cycle Analysis and Cytotoxic Activity Evaluations. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 22:1149-1158. [PMID: 34259151 DOI: 10.2174/1871520621666210713112105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE In the design of modern metal-based anticancer drugs, platinum-based complexes have gained growing interest. In this study, the anticancer activity of half-lantern cyclometalated Pt(II)‒Pt(II) complexes were was evaluated using MTT, apoptosis, cell cycle analysis, and DNA binding studies. MATERIALS AND METHODS The cytotoxicity of Pt(II)‒Pt(II) complexes were evaluated against different cancer cell lines such as human lung (A549), breast (MCF-7, and MDA-MB-231), ovarian (SKOV-3), and colon (HT-29) as well as normal breast (MCF-10A), and human lung fibroblast MRC-5 cells using MTT assay. BioLegend's PE Annexin V Apoptosis Detection Kit with 7AAD was applied to assess the apoptotic effects of 1A, and 1B compound against MCF-7, and A549 cell lines. Cell cycle analysis was determined using the flowcytometry method. The interaction of compounds with four different DNA structures with PDB codes (1BNA, 1LU5, 3CO3, and 198D) has been investigated by molecular docking. To achieve binding to DNA experimentally, the electrophoresis mobility shift assay and comet assay was applied. RESULTS In the evaluation of cytotoxic effects, 1A showed the highest cytotoxicity among the studied compounds, and it showed higher potency with more selectivity against normal cell lines than cisplatin. This compound had IC50 of 7.24, 2.21, 1.18, 2.71, 10.65, 18.32 and 49.21 μM against A549, SKOV3, HT29, MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, MRC-5, and MCF-10A, respectively, whereas cisplatin had IC50 of 9.75, 19.02, 107.23, 15.20, 18.09, 14.36, and 24.21 μm, respectively, on the same cell lines. In order to check the DNA binding activity of 1A, and 1B, electrophoretic mobility was also conducted, which indicated that the binding of these compounds led to a slight change in electrophoretic mobility to DNA. The migration of chromosomal DNA from the nucleus in the form of a tail or comet was executed in the comet assay of 1A on MCF-7. Examination of apoptosis of 1A, and 1B on the MCF-7 cancer cell line, showed that it could increase induction of apoptosis in this cancerous cell in a concentration-dependent manner. Investigating the effect of 1A using cell cycle analysis on MCF-7 cancer cell line showed that this complex affects the stage G1 and S of the cell cycle. CONCLUSION 1A has the potential to play a significant role in future biopharmaceutical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Hajipour
- Toxicology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Masoud Mahdavinia
- Toxicology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Masood Fereidoonnezhad
- Toxicology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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Beigl TB, Kjosås I, Seljeseth E, Glomnes N, Aksnes H. Efficient and crucial quality control of HAP1 cell ploidy status. Biol Open 2020; 9:9/11/bio057174. [PMID: 33184093 PMCID: PMC7673356 DOI: 10.1242/bio.057174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The near-haploid human cell line HAP1 recently became a popular subject for CRISPR/Cas9 editing, since only one allele requires modification. Through the gene-editing service at Horizon Discovery, there are at present more than 7500 edited cell lines available and the number continuously increases. The haploid nature of HAP1 is unstable as cultures become diploid with time. Here, we demonstrated some fundamental differences between haploid and diploid HAP1 cells, hence underlining the need for taking control over ploidy status in HAP1 cultures prior to phenotyping. Consequently, we optimized a procedure to determine the ploidy of HAP1 by flow cytometry in order to obtain diploid cultures and avoid ploidy status as an interfering variable in experiments. Furthermore, in order to facilitate this quality control, we validated a size-based cell sorting procedure to obtain the diploid culture more rapidly. Hence, we provide here two streamlined protocols for quality controlling the ploidy of HAP1 cells and document their validity and necessity. This article has an associated First Person interview with the co-first authors of the paper. Summary: Sharing an effective procedure to quality control the near-haploid HAP1 cells for standardized comparison to CRISPR/Cas9 modified versions and demonstrating the need for controlling the spontaneous diploidization of HAP1 cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias B Beigl
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway.,Institute of cell biology and immunology, University of Stuttgart, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Ine Kjosås
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway
| | - Emilie Seljeseth
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway
| | - Nina Glomnes
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway.,Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway
| | - Henriette Aksnes
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway
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Gong X, Wang B, Yan L, Lu X, Zhao X. Linalool inhibits the growth of human T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells with involvement of the MAPK signaling pathway. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:181. [PMID: 32934748 PMCID: PMC7471647 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.12042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Linalool can inhibit the malignant proliferation of numerous human malignant solid tumors, including hepatocellular carcinoma, breast cancer, small cell carcinoma and malignant melanoma. However, the role of linalool in T cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (T-ALL) remains unclear. In the present study, human T-ALL cell lines (Jurkat, H9, Molt-4 and Raji cells) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from healthy donors were treated with various concentrations of linalool (3.75, 7.50, 15.00, 30.00, 60.00 and 120.00 µM, respectively). A CCK-8 assay was used to analyse cell viability and it demonstrated that linalool inhibited the growth of T-ALL cells in a dose-dependent manner, but did not significantly affect normal PBMCs. Flow cytometry was used to detect the cell cycle and apoptosis and demonstrated that linalool reduced the percentage of T-ALL cells at the G0/G1 phase, and induced the apoptosis of T-ALL cells. RNA sequencing was conducted on an Illumina HiSeq X Series 2500 before and after treatment with linalool followed by Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis. It was demonstrated that the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway was involved in the effect of linalool on T-ALL cells. Real-time quantitative PCR and western blotting were performed to verify the mRNA and protein levels, respectively of the genes in the signaling pathway identified. In addition, it was found that linalool significantly inhibited phosphorylated (p)-ERK1/2 protein expression and enhanced p-JNK protein expression of T-ALL cells. In conclusion, the present study revealed that linalool inhibits T-ALL cell survival with involvement of the MAPK signaling pathway. JNK activation and ERK inhibition may play a functional role in apoptosis induction of T-ALL cells. Linalool may be developed as a novel anti T-ALL agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xubo Gong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zheijang 310000, P.R. China
| | - Baiyong Wang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zheijang 310000, P.R. China
| | - Lijuan Yan
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zheijang 310000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoya Lu
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zheijang 310000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoying Zhao
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zheijang 310000, P.R. China
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Combined immunodeficiency caused by a loss-of-function mutation in DNA polymerase delta 1. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2019; 145:391-401.e8. [PMID: 31629014 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2019.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mutations affecting DNA polymerases have been implicated in genomic instability and cancer development, but the mechanisms by which they can affect the immune system remain largely unexplored. OBJECTIVE We sought to establish the role of DNA polymerase δ1 catalytic subunit (POLD1) as the cause of a primary immunodeficiency in an extended kindred. METHODS We performed whole-exome and targeted gene sequencing, lymphocyte characterization, molecular and functional analyses of the DNA polymerase δ (Polδ) complex, and T- and B-cell antigen receptor repertoire analysis. RESULTS We identified a missense mutation (c. 3178C>T; p.R1060C) in POLD1 in 3 related subjects who presented with recurrent, especially herpetic, infections and T-cell lymphopenia with impaired T-cell but not B-cell proliferation. The mutation destabilizes the Polδ complex, leading to ineffective recruitment of replication factor C to initiate DNA replication. Molecular dynamics simulation revealed that the R1060C mutation disrupts the intramolecular interaction between the POLD1 CysB motif and the catalytic domain and also between POLD1 and the Polδ subunit POLD2. The patients exhibited decreased numbers of naive CD4 and especially CD8 T cells in favor of effector memory subpopulations. This skewing was associated with oligoclonality and restricted T-cell receptor β-chain V-J pairing in CD8+ but not CD4+ T cells, suggesting that POLD1R1060C differentially affects peripheral CD8+ T-cell expansion and possibly thymic selection. CONCLUSION These results identify gene defects in POLD1 as a novel cause of T-cell immunodeficiency.
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Jiang HH, Zhang YJ, Sun YZ, Qi RQ, Chen HD, Gao XH. Cell wall mannoprotein of Candida albicans polarizes macrophages and affects proliferation and apoptosis through activation of the Akt signal pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 72:308-321. [PMID: 31005041 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Candida albicans is a commensal fungus that associates with human hosts. Under normal circumstances this interaction does not produce any severe life-threatening disease, as macrophages of the innate immune system will result in its clearance. However, disorders may arise in immunosuppressed individuals. To understand the bioactivity of Candida albicans cell wall polysaccharides, which represent an important component of its function, mannoprotein from this fungus was extracted, purified and analyzed. Mannoprotein with α-(1,2) and α-(1,6) linkages was investigated with use of HPLC and NMR. Co-incubation of mannoprotein with macrophages resulted in a mannoprotein with the potential to polarize macrophages to M1 and promote phagocytosis/microbial killing ability thus increasing the clearance of pathogens through Akt2. Moreover, mannoprotein within the cell wall promoted cell proliferation and inhibited apoptosis by activation of the Akt signaling pathway. Collectively, α-(1,6)(1,2)-mannoprotein, one of the five polysaccharides extracted from the cell wall of Candida albicans, demonstrates immune-enhancing effects by activation of the Akt signaling pathway. These findings provide important new insights into the biological effects of polysaccharides on macrophages. Such information can then serve as the foundation for the development of novel anti-fungal medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang-Hang Jiang
- Department of Dermatology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, PR China; Key Lab of Dermatology, Ministry of Education and Public Health, National joint Engineering Research Center for Theranostics of Immunological Skin Diseases, Shenyang 110001, PR China
| | - Yu-Jing Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, PR China; Key Lab of Dermatology, Ministry of Education and Public Health, National joint Engineering Research Center for Theranostics of Immunological Skin Diseases, Shenyang 110001, PR China
| | - Yu-Zhe Sun
- Department of Dermatology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, PR China; Key Lab of Dermatology, Ministry of Education and Public Health, National joint Engineering Research Center for Theranostics of Immunological Skin Diseases, Shenyang 110001, PR China
| | - Rui-Qun Qi
- Department of Dermatology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, PR China; Key Lab of Dermatology, Ministry of Education and Public Health, National joint Engineering Research Center for Theranostics of Immunological Skin Diseases, Shenyang 110001, PR China
| | - Hong-Duo Chen
- Department of Dermatology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, PR China; Key Lab of Dermatology, Ministry of Education and Public Health, National joint Engineering Research Center for Theranostics of Immunological Skin Diseases, Shenyang 110001, PR China
| | - Xing-Hua Gao
- Department of Dermatology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, PR China; Key Lab of Dermatology, Ministry of Education and Public Health, National joint Engineering Research Center for Theranostics of Immunological Skin Diseases, Shenyang 110001, PR China.
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Li L, Zhou X, Wang Y. Smokeless tobacco extract inhibits proliferation and promotes apoptosis in oral mucous fibroblasts. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:5066-5074. [PMID: 30250574 PMCID: PMC6144942 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The consumption of smokeless tobacco extract (STE) is growing rapidly, and it has been implicated in several human diseases including diabetes, inflammation and a number of types of cancer. The toxicity of STE requires evaluation, as it is known to induce numerous public health issues. To investigate whether STE serves a role in cultured human oral mucosa fibroblasts (hOMFs), the present study examined HOMF morphology with inverted microscopy and immunofluorescence staining. The cell viability was measured with MTT assays, which detected the cell apoptosis rate via flow cytometry. The activities of reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) were measured via flow cytometry and commercial kits, subsequent to exposing the cells to various concentrations of STE. Reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analyses were used to demonstrate that the mRNA and the protein expression levels of cell cycle-associated genes (cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1 and cyclin D1), apoptosis-associated genes [B cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) and Bcl-2-associatied X protein], tumor protein (p53), nuclear factor kappa light chain enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB)-transcription factor (p65) signaling pathways, NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and NAD(P)H: quinoneoxidoreductase1 (NQO1). The results indicated that the hOMF cells were positive for cytokeratin staining. STE induced G1-S cell cycle progression and cell apoptosis by regulating the cell cycle or apoptosis-associated proteins. STE treatment increased the concentrations of ROS and MDA, and decreased the concentrations of SOD and CAT. STE unregulated phosphorylated-p53, NF-κB p65, Nrf2, HO-1, and NQO1 expression levels in the hOMF cells. The present study demonstrated that STE appears to promote oral disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Li
- Department of Stomatology, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong 272011, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoqing Zhou
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong 272011, P.R. China
| | - Yanran Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong 272011, P.R. China
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FACS Isolation of Viable Cells in Different Cell Cycle Stages from Asynchronous Culture for RNA Sequencing. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1745:315-335. [PMID: 29476477 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7680-5_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Recently developed high-throughput analytical techniques (e.g., protein mass spectrometry and nucleic acid sequencing) allow unprecedentedly sensitive, in-depth studies in molecular biology of cell proliferation, differentiation, aging, and death. However, the initial population of asynchronous cultured cells is highly heterogeneous by cell cycle stage, which complicates immediate analysis of some biological processes. Widely used cell synchronization protocols are time-consuming and can affect the finely tuned biochemical pathways leading to biased results. Besides, certain cell lines cannot be effectively synchronized. The current methodological challenge is thus to provide an effective tool for cell cycle phase-based population enrichment compatible with other required experimental procedures. Here, we describe an optimized approach to live cell FACS based on Hoechst 33342 cell-permeable DNA-binding fluorochrome staining. The proposed protocol is fast compared to traditional synchronization methods and yields reasonably pure fractions of viable cells for further experimental studies including high-throughput RNA-seq analysis.
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