1
|
Shimizu D, Ishibashi M, Yamada T, Toda Y, Hosogi S, Ashihara E. POLD1 Is Required for Cell Cycle Progression by Overcoming DNA Damage in Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma. Cancer Genomics Proteomics 2024; 21:158-165. [PMID: 38423601 PMCID: PMC10905272 DOI: 10.21873/cgp.20437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM The prognosis of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) remains poor due to lack of effective therapeutic targets. DNA damage caused by long-time exposure to asbestos fibers has been associated with the development of MPM, with mutations at genes encoding DNA damage repair (DDR)-related molecules frequently expressed in patients with MPM. The present study was designed to identify novel therapeutic targets in MPM using large public databases, such as The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Genotype Tissue Expression project (GTEx) focused on DDR pathways. MATERIALS AND METHODS The correlations between mRNA expression levels of DDR-related genes and overall survival (OS) were analyzed in mesothelioma patients in TCGA mesothelioma (TCGA-MESO) datasets. The anti-tumor effects of small interfering RNAs (siRNA) against DDR-related genes associated with OS were subsequently tested in MPM cell lines. RESULTS High levels of mRNA encoding DNA polymerase delta 1, catalytic subunit (POLD1) were significantly associated with reduced OS in patients with MPM (p<0.001, Log-rank test). In addition, siRNA targeting POLD1 (siPOLD1) caused cell cycle arrest at the G1/S checkpoint and induced apoptosis involving accumulation of DNA damage in MPM cell lines. CONCLUSION POLD1 plays essential roles in overcoming DNA damage and cell cycle progression at the G1/S checkpoint in MPM cells. These findings suggest that POLD1 may be a novel therapeutic target in MPM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daiki Shimizu
- Laboratory of Clinical and Translational Physiology, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Miku Ishibashi
- Laboratory of Clinical and Translational Physiology, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tadaaki Yamada
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuki Toda
- Laboratory of Clinical and Translational Physiology, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shigekuni Hosogi
- Laboratory of Clinical and Translational Physiology, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Eishi Ashihara
- Laboratory of Clinical and Translational Physiology, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, Japan;
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ostroverkhova D, Tyryshkin K, Beach AK, Moore EA, Masoudi-Sobhanzadeh Y, Barbari SR, Rogozin IB, Shaitan KV, Panchenko AR, Shcherbakova PV. DNA polymerase ε and δ variants drive mutagenesis in polypurine tracts in human tumors. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113655. [PMID: 38219146 PMCID: PMC10830898 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Alterations in the exonuclease domain of DNA polymerase ε cause ultramutated cancers. These cancers accumulate AGA>ATA transversions; however, their genomic features beyond the trinucleotide motifs are obscure. We analyze the extended DNA context of ultramutation using whole-exome sequencing data from 524 endometrial and 395 colorectal tumors. We find that G>T transversions in POLE-mutant tumors predominantly affect sequences containing at least six consecutive purines, with a striking preference for certain positions within polypurine tracts. Using this signature, we develop a machine-learning classifier to identify tumors with hitherto unknown POLE drivers and validate two drivers, POLE-E978G and POLE-S461L, by functional assays in yeast. Unlike other pathogenic variants, the E978G substitution affects the polymerase domain of Pol ε. We further show that tumors with POLD1 drivers share the extended signature of POLE ultramutation. These findings expand the understanding of ultramutation mechanisms and highlight peculiar mutagenic properties of polypurine tracts in the human genome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daria Ostroverkhova
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Kathrin Tyryshkin
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Annette K Beach
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Moore
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Yosef Masoudi-Sobhanzadeh
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Stephanie R Barbari
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Igor B Rogozin
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Anna R Panchenko
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.
| | - Polina V Shcherbakova
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Stefaniak P, Kraziński BE, Kieżun J, Majewska H, Godlewski J. Altered immunoexpression of DNA polymerase delta 1 catalytic subunit ( POLD1) in colorectal cancer. Contemp Oncol (Pozn) 2023; 27:147-154. [PMID: 38239863 PMCID: PMC10793622 DOI: 10.5114/wo.2023.133505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The study aimed to determine the immunoexpression levels of polymerase delta 1 catalytic subunit (POLD1), a catalytic and proofreading subunit of DNA polymerase delta, in the sections of colorectal cancer (CRC), and to evaluate the significance of POLD1 as a potential prognostic factor in CRC. Material and methods Paired, tumour and non-cancerous tissue samples of the large intestine distant to the neoplasm were collected from the postoperative material of 78 patients who underwent surgical resection of CRC tumours. Polymerase delta 1 catalytic subunit protein levels were determined using immunohistochemistry. Clinical, pathomorphological, and survival data of the patients were pooled. In addition, POLD1 mRNA expression levels of 599 CRC patients were extracted from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) datasets and subjected to statistical and survival analysis including the Kaplan-Meier method followed by the log-rank test. Results Immunoexpression of POLD1 was found in the nuclei of the tumour cells and epithelial cells of unchanged intestinal mucosa. Polymerase delta 1 catalytic subunit immunoreactivity in the tumour was heterogenous, and the average immunoreactivity score was decreased in cancer cells when compared to the mucosa of matched sections of unchanged large intestine (p = 0.0259). However, POLD1 expression at the protein and mRNA levels did not associate with clinicopathological characteristics of the patients and their survival. Conclusions Despite previous studies suggesting that POLD1 genetic alterations could be promising molecular biomarkers in CRC, our results do not support any prognostic significance of POLD1 expression in CRC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Przemysław Stefaniak
- Surgical Oncology Clinic, Hospital Ministry of Internal Affairs with Warmia and Mazury Oncology Centre, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Bartłomiej Emil Kraziński
- Department of Human Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Jacek Kieżun
- Department of Human Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Hanna Majewska
- Department of Pathomorphology and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Janusz Godlewski
- Surgical Oncology Clinic, Hospital Ministry of Internal Affairs with Warmia and Mazury Oncology Centre, Olsztyn, Poland
- Department of Human Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wei CH, Wang EW, Ma L, Zhou Y, Zheng L, Hampel H, Shehayeb S, Lee S, Cohen J, Kohut A, Fan F, Rosen S, Wu X, Shen B, Zhao Y. POLD1 DEDD Motif Mutation Confers Hypermutation in Endometrial Cancer and Durable Response to Pembrolizumab. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5674. [PMID: 38067377 PMCID: PMC10705788 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15235674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mutations in the DNA polymerase delta 1 (POLD1) exonuclease domain cause DNA proofreading defects, hypermutation, hereditary colorectal and endometrial cancer, and are predictive of immunotherapy response. Exonuclease activity is carried out by two magnesium cations, bound to four highly conserved, negatively charged amino acids (AA) consisting of aspartic acid at amino acid position 316 (p.D316), glutamic acid at position 318 (p.E318), p.D402, and p.D515 (termed DEDD motif). Germline polymorphisms resulting in charge-discordant AA substitutions in the DEDD motif are classified as variants of uncertain significance (VUSs) by laboratories and thus would be considered clinically inactionable. We hypothesize this mutation class is clinically pathogenic. METHODS A review of clinical presentation was performed in our index patient with a POLD1(p.D402N) heterozygous proband with endometrial cancer. Implications of this mutation class were evaluated by a Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA)-guided systematic review, in silico analysis with orthogonal biochemical confirmation, and whole-exome and RNA sequencing analysis of the patient's tumor and engineered cell lines. RESULTS Our systematic review favored a Mendelian disease mutation class associated with endometrial and colorectal cancers. In silico analysis predicted defective protein function, confirmed by biochemical assay demonstrating loss of nuclease activity. A POLD1-specific mutational signature was found in both the patient's tumor and POLD1(p.D402N) overexpressing cell. Furthermore, paired whole-exome/transcriptome analysis of endometrial tumor demonstrated hypermutation and T cell-inflamed gene expression profile (GEP), which are joint predictive biomarkers for pembrolizumab. Our patient showed a deep, durable response to immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI). CONCLUSION Charge-discordant AA substitution in the DEDD motif of POLD1 is detrimental to DNA proofreading and should be reclassified as likely pathogenic and possibly predictive of ICI sensitivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christina Hsiao Wei
- Department of Pathology, City of Hope Medical Center (COHNMC), Duarte, CA 91010, USA;
| | - Edward Wenge Wang
- Department of Oncology & Therapeutics Research, City of Hope Medical Center (COHNMC), Duarte, CA 91010, USA;
| | - Lingzi Ma
- Department of Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics, Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope Medical Center (COHNMC), Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (L.M.); (Y.Z.); (L.Z.); (B.S.)
| | - Yajing Zhou
- Department of Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics, Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope Medical Center (COHNMC), Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (L.M.); (Y.Z.); (L.Z.); (B.S.)
| | - Li Zheng
- Department of Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics, Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope Medical Center (COHNMC), Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (L.M.); (Y.Z.); (L.Z.); (B.S.)
| | - Heather Hampel
- Clinical Cancer Genetics, City of Hope Medical Center (COHMC), Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (H.H.); (S.S.)
| | - Susan Shehayeb
- Clinical Cancer Genetics, City of Hope Medical Center (COHMC), Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (H.H.); (S.S.)
| | - Stephen Lee
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology and Surgery, City of Hope Medical Center (COHNMC), Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (S.L.); (J.C.); (A.K.)
| | - Joshua Cohen
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology and Surgery, City of Hope Medical Center (COHNMC), Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (S.L.); (J.C.); (A.K.)
| | - Adrian Kohut
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology and Surgery, City of Hope Medical Center (COHNMC), Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (S.L.); (J.C.); (A.K.)
| | - Fang Fan
- Department of Pathology, City of Hope Medical Center (COHNMC), Duarte, CA 91010, USA;
| | - Steven Rosen
- Department of Hematology & Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope Medical Center (COHNMC), Duarte, CA 91010, USA;
- Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (X.W.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Xiwei Wu
- Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (X.W.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Binghui Shen
- Department of Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics, Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope Medical Center (COHNMC), Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (L.M.); (Y.Z.); (L.Z.); (B.S.)
| | - Yuqi Zhao
- Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (X.W.); (Y.Z.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Weber CAM, Krönke N, Volk V, Auber B, Förster A, Trost D, Geffers R, Esmaeilzadeh M, Lalk M, Nabavi A, Samii A, Krauss JK, Feuerhake F, Hartmann C, Wiese B, Brand F, Weber RG. Rare germline variants in POLE and POLD1 encoding the catalytic subunits of DNA polymerases ε and δ in glioma families. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2023; 11:184. [PMID: 37990341 PMCID: PMC10664377 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-023-01689-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic germline variants in the DNA polymerase genes POLE and POLD1 cause polymerase proofreading-associated polyposis, a dominantly inherited disorder with increased risk of colorectal carcinomas and other tumors. POLE/POLD1 variants may result in high somatic mutation and neoantigen loads that confer susceptibility to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). To explore the role of POLE/POLD1 germline variants in glioma predisposition, whole-exome sequencing was applied to leukocyte DNA of glioma patients from 61 tumor families with at least one glioma case each. Rare heterozygous POLE/POLD1 missense variants predicted to be deleterious were identified in glioma patients from 10 (16%) families, co-segregating with the tumor phenotype in families with available DNA from several tumor patients. Glioblastoma patients carrying rare POLE variants had a mean overall survival of 21 months. Additionally, germline variants in POLD1, located at 19q13.33, were detected in 2/34 (6%) patients with 1p/19q-codeleted oligodendrogliomas, while POLE variants were identified in 2/4 (50%) glioblastoma patients with a spinal metastasis. In 13/15 (87%) gliomas from patients carrying POLE/POLD1 variants, features of defective polymerase proofreading, e.g. hypermutation, POLE/POLD1-associated mutational signatures, multinucleated cells, and increased intratumoral T cell response, were observed. In a CRISPR/Cas9-derived POLE-deficient LN-229 glioblastoma cell clone, a mutator phenotype and delayed S phase progression were detected compared to wildtype POLE cells. Our data provide evidence that rare POLE/POLD1 germline variants predispose to gliomas that may be susceptible to ICIs. Data compiled here suggest that glioma patients carrying POLE/POLD1 variants may be recognized by cutaneous manifestations, e.g. café-au-lait macules, and benefit from surveillance colonoscopy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christine A M Weber
- Department of Human Genetics, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Nicole Krönke
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Valery Volk
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Bernd Auber
- Department of Human Genetics, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Alisa Förster
- Department of Human Genetics, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Robert Geffers
- Genome Analytics Research Group, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | | | - Michael Lalk
- Department of Neurosurgery, KRH Klinikum Nordstadt, Hannover, Germany
| | - Arya Nabavi
- Department of Neurosurgery, KRH Klinikum Nordstadt, Hannover, Germany
| | - Amir Samii
- Department of Neurosurgery, International Neuroscience Institute, Hannover, Germany
| | - Joachim K Krauss
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Friedrich Feuerhake
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Institute for Neuropathology, University Clinic Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christian Hartmann
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Bettina Wiese
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Henriettenstift, Diakovere Krankenhaus gGmbH, Hannover, Germany
| | - Frank Brand
- Department of Human Genetics, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ruthild G Weber
- Department of Human Genetics, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hou Y, Song Q, Wang Y, Liu J, Cui Y, Zhang X, Zhang J, Fu J, Cao M, Zhang C, Liu C, Wang X, Duan H, Wang P. Downregulation of Krüppel-like factor 14 accelerated cellular senescence and aging. Aging Cell 2023; 22:e13950. [PMID: 37551728 PMCID: PMC10577553 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging has been considered as a risk factor in many diseases, thus, comprehensively understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms of delayed aging is important. Here we investigated whether Krüppel-like factor 14 (KLF14) is a suppressor of cellular senescence and aging. In our research, KLF14 levels significantly decreased not only in the lymphocytes of healthy people but also in the cells and tissues of mice with aging. We performed in vitro and in vivo experiments on cells and mice to reveal the function of KLF14 in aging. KLF14 deficiency facilitates cellular senescence and aging-related pathologies in C57BL/6J mice, whereas KLF14 overexpression attenuates cellular senescence. Mechanistically, KLF14 delays aging by binding to the POLD1 promoter to positively regulate POLD1 expression. Remarkably, cellular senescence mediated by KLF14 downregulation could be alleviated by POLD1 expression. In addition, perhexiline, an agonist of KLF14, could delay cellular senescence and aging-related pathologies in senescence-accelerated P8 mice by inducing POLD1 expression, as perhexiline could enhance the effect of KLF14's transcription activation to POLD1 by elevating the binding level of KLF14 to the POLD1 promoter. Our data indicate that KLF14 might be a critical element in aging by upregulating POLD1 expression, indicating that the activation of KLF14 may delay aging and aging-associated diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuli Hou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xuanwu Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric DiseasesCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Qiao Song
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xuanwu Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric DiseasesCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yaqi Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xuanwu Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric DiseasesCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xuanwu Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric DiseasesCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yuting Cui
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xuanwu Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric DiseasesCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Xiaomin Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xuanwu Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric DiseasesCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xuanwu Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric DiseasesCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Jingxuan Fu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xuanwu Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric DiseasesCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Min Cao
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryBeijing Huairou HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Chi Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xuanwu Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric DiseasesCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Congcong Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xuanwu Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric DiseasesCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Xiaoling Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xuanwu Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric DiseasesCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Huanli Duan
- Departments of Pathology, Xuanwu HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Peichang Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xuanwu Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric DiseasesCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhang Y, Wang X, Zhu Y, Liang C, Zhao L, Meng Q, Yin JC, Shi Y, Wang F, Qin F, Xuan J. Case Report: Cancer spectrum and genetic characteristics of a de novo germline POLD1 p.L606M variant-induced polyposis syndrome. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1222873. [PMID: 37746257 PMCID: PMC10516538 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1222873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Germline variations in the DNA polymerase genes, POLE and POLD1, can lead to a hereditary cancer syndrome that is characterized by frequent gastrointestinal polyposis and multiple primary malignant tumors. However, because of its rare occurrence, this disorder has not been extensively studied. In this report, we present the case of a 22-year-old female patient who had been diagnosed with gastrointestinal polyposis, breast fibroadenoma, multiple primary colorectal cancers, and glioblastoma (grade IV) within a span of 4 years. Next-generation sequencing analysis revealed a germline variant in POLD1 (c.1816C>A; p.L606M). In silico analysis using protein functional predicting software, including SIFT, Polyphen, GERP++, and CADD, further confirmed the pathogenicity of POLD1 p.L606M (classified as ACMG grade Class 4). In line with polymerase deficiency, both rectal cancer and glioblastoma tissues exhibited a high tumor mutation burden, with 16.9 muts/Mb and 347.1 muts/Mb, respectively. Interestingly, the patient has no family history of cancer, and gene examination of both parents confirms that this is a de novo germline variant. Therefore, molecular screening for POLD1 may be necessary for patients with such a cancer spectrum, regardless of their family history.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaolu Wang
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuning Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chong Liang
- Department of Neurosurgery Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lijun Zhao
- Medical Science Liaison, Genetron Health Inc., Beijing, China
| | - Qi Meng
- Geneseeq Research Institute, Nanjing Geneseeq Technology Inc., Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiani C. Yin
- Geneseeq Research Institute, Nanjing Geneseeq Technology Inc., Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuqian Shi
- Geneseeq Research Institute, Nanjing Geneseeq Technology Inc., Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fufeng Wang
- Geneseeq Research Institute, Nanjing Geneseeq Technology Inc., Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Feng Qin
- Cancer Center, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Ji Xuan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University, School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Bonjoch L, Soares de Lima Y, Díaz-Gay M, Dotti I, Muñoz J, Moreira L, Carballal S, Ocaña T, Cuatrecasas M, Ortiz O, Castells A, Pellisé M, Balaguer F, Salas A, Alexandrov LB, Castellví-Bel S. Unraveling the impact of a germline heterozygous POLD1 frameshift variant in serrated polyposis syndrome. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1119900. [PMID: 36756361 PMCID: PMC9900627 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1119900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Serrated polyposis syndrome (SPS) is one of the most frequent polyposis syndromes characterized by an increased risk for developing colorectal cancer (CRC). Although SPS etiology has been mainly associated with environmental factors, germline predisposition to SPS could also be relevant for cases with familial aggregation or a family history of SPS/CRC. After whole-exome sequencing of 39 SPS patients from 16 families, we identified a heterozygous germline frameshift variant in the POLD1 gene (c.1941delG, p.(Lys648fs*46)) in a patient with SPS and CRC. Tumor presented an ultra-hypermutated phenotype and microsatellite instability. The POLD1 germline variant segregated in three additional SPS-affected family members. We attempted to create yeast and cellular models for this variant but were no viable. Alternatively, we generated patient-derived organoids (PDOs) from healthy rectal tissue of the index case, as well as from a control donor. Then, we challenged PDOs with a DNA-damaging agent to induce replication stress. No significant differences were observed in the DNA damage response between control and POLD1-Lys648fs PDOs, nor specific mutational signatures were observed. Our results do not support the pathogenicity of the analyzed POLD1 frameshift variant. One possible explanation is that haplosufficiency of the wild-type allele may be compensating for the absence of expression of the frameshift allele. Overall, future work is required to elucidate if functional consequences could be derived from POLD1 alterations different from missense variants in their proofreading domain. To our knowledge, our study presents the first organoid model for germline POLD1 variants and establishes the basis for its use as a model for disease in SPS, CRC and other malignancies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laia Bonjoch
- Gastroenterology Department, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yasmin Soares de Lima
- Gastroenterology Department, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marcos Díaz-Gay
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Department of Bioengineering and Moores Cancer Center, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Isabella Dotti
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Unit, Gastroenterology Department, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jenifer Muñoz
- Gastroenterology Department, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Leticia Moreira
- Gastroenterology Department, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sabela Carballal
- Gastroenterology Department, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Teresa Ocaña
- Gastroenterology Department, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miriam Cuatrecasas
- Pathology Department, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd) and Tumor Bank-Biobank, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Oswaldo Ortiz
- Gastroenterology Department, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antoni Castells
- Gastroenterology Department, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Pellisé
- Gastroenterology Department, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesc Balaguer
- Gastroenterology Department, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Azucena Salas
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Unit, Gastroenterology Department, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ludmil B. Alexandrov
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Department of Bioengineering and Moores Cancer Center, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Sergi Castellví-Bel
- Gastroenterology Department, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zuo B, Xu H, Pan Z, Mao L, Feng H, Zeng B, Tang W, Lu W. A likely pathogenic POLD1 variant associated with mandibular hypoplasia, deafness, progeroid features, and lipodystrophy syndrome in a Chinese patient. BMC Med Genomics 2022; 15:220. [PMID: 36280868 PMCID: PMC9590123 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-022-01374-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mandibular hypoplasia, deafness, progeroid features, and lipodystrophy syndrome (MDPL; OMIM# 615381) is a rare autosomal dominant disorder, with only a few reported cases worldwide. Herein, we describe the clinical features and underlying molecular etiology of MDPL syndrome in an 8-year-old Chinese patient. Methods We performed otological, endocrine, ultrasound, and radiological examinations, as well as genetic testing. Additionally, the literature concerning MDPL was reviewed to do a retrospective analysis of the pathogenesis, genotype–phenotype correlation, and clinical management. Results The proband was diagnosed with MDPL, presenting with mandibular hypoplasia, a characteristic facial appearance, lipodystrophy, and sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). Whole-exome sequencing and bioinformatics analysis revealed a de novo missense variant in the POLD1 gene, NM_002691.4:c.3185A>G (NP_002682.2:p.(Gln1062Arg)). The retrospective analysis showed wide variation in the MDPL phenotype, but the most frequent features included mandibular hypoplasia, characteristic facial appearance, lipodystrophy, and SNHL. Conclusions This study supplements the mutational spectrum of POLD1. The genetic analysis contributes to the diagnosis of syndromic deafness, and it has a vital role in clinical management and future genetic consultation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zuo
- grid.412633.10000 0004 1799 0733Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jian-she Road, Zhengzhou, 450052 China
| | - Hongen Xu
- grid.207374.50000 0001 2189 3846Precision Medicine Center, Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, No. 40 Daxuebei Road, Zhengzhou, 450052 China ,grid.452842.d0000 0004 8512 7544The Research and Application Center of Precision Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 2 Jing-ba Road, Zhengzhou, 450014 China
| | - Zhaoyu Pan
- grid.412633.10000 0004 1799 0733Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jian-she Road, Zhengzhou, 450052 China
| | - Lu Mao
- grid.207374.50000 0001 2189 3846Precision Medicine Center, Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, No. 40 Daxuebei Road, Zhengzhou, 450052 China
| | - Haifeng Feng
- grid.412633.10000 0004 1799 0733Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jian-she Road, Zhengzhou, 450052 China
| | - Beiping Zeng
- grid.207374.50000 0001 2189 3846Precision Medicine Center, Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, No. 40 Daxuebei Road, Zhengzhou, 450052 China
| | - Wenxue Tang
- grid.452842.d0000 0004 8512 7544The Research and Application Center of Precision Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 2 Jing-ba Road, Zhengzhou, 450014 China ,grid.207374.50000 0001 2189 3846Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, No. 40 Daxuebei Road, Zhengzhou, 450052 China
| | - Wei Lu
- grid.412633.10000 0004 1799 0733Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jian-she Road, Zhengzhou, 450052 China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Schamschula E, Kinzel M, Wernstedt A, Oberhuber K, Gottschling H, Schnaiter S, Friedrichs N, Merkelbach-Bruse S, Zschocke J, Gallon R, Wimmer K. Teenage-Onset Colorectal Cancers in a Digenic Cancer Predisposition Syndrome Provide Clues for the Interaction between Mismatch Repair and Polymerase δ Proofreading Deficiency in Tumorigenesis. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12101350. [PMID: 36291559 PMCID: PMC9599501 DOI: 10.3390/biom12101350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) in adolescents and young adults (AYA) is very rare. Known predisposition syndromes include Lynch syndrome (LS) due to highly penetrant MLH1 and MSH2 alleles, familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), constitutional mismatch-repair deficiency (CMMRD), and polymerase proofreading-associated polyposis (PPAP). Yet, 60% of AYA-CRC cases remain unexplained. In two teenage siblings with multiple adenomas and CRC, we identified a maternally inherited heterozygous PMS2 exon 12 deletion, NM_000535.7:c.2007-786_2174+493del1447, and a paternally inherited POLD1 variant, NP_002682.2:p.Asp316Asn. Comprehensive molecular tumor analysis revealed ultra-mutation (>100 Mut/Mb) and a large contribution of COSMIC signature SBS20 in both siblings’ CRCs, confirming their predisposition to AYA-CRC results from a high propensity for somatic MMR deficiency (MMRd) compounded by a constitutional Pol δ proofreading defect. COSMIC signature SBS20 as well as SBS26 in the index patient’s CRC were associated with an early mutation burst, suggesting MMRd was an early event in tumorigenesis. The somatic second hits in PMS2 were through loss of heterozygosity (LOH) in both tumors, suggesting PPd-independent acquisition of MMRd. Taken together, these patients represent the first cases of cancer predisposition due to heterozygous variants in PMS2 and POLD1. Analysis of their CRCs supports that POLD1-mutated tumors acquire hypermutation only with concurrent MMRd.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Esther Schamschula
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medizinische Universität Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Miriam Kinzel
- Medicover Humangenetik—Berlin-Lichtenberg, 10315 Berlin, Germany
| | - Annekatrin Wernstedt
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medizinische Universität Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Klaus Oberhuber
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medizinische Universität Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Hendrik Gottschling
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medizinische Universität Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Simon Schnaiter
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medizinische Universität Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | | | - Johannes Zschocke
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medizinische Universität Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Richard Gallon
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Katharina Wimmer
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medizinische Universität Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Abstract
POLE and POLD1 encode the catalytic and proofreading subunits of DNA polymerase ε and polymerase δ, and play important roles in DNA replication and proofreading. POLE/POLD1 exonuclease domain mutations lead to loss of proofreading function, which causes the accumulation of mutant genes in cells. POLE/POLD1 mutations are not only closely related to tumor formation, but are also a potential molecular marker for predicting the efficacy of immunotherapy in pan-carcinomatous species. The association of POLE/POLD1 mutation, ultra-high mutation load, and good prognosis have recently become the focus of clinical research. This article reviews the function of POLE/POLD1, its relationship with deficient mismatch repair/high microsatellite instability, and the role of POLE/POLD1 mutation in the occurrence and development of various tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoting Ma
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Lin Dong
- Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Xiu Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Kai Ou
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Lin Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Godlewski J, Stefaniak P, Kiezun J, Krazinski BE. DNA Polymerase Delta 1 Catalytic Subunit ( POLD1) as a Prognostic Factor in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma Patients. In Vivo 2022; 36:1188-1194. [PMID: 35478106 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.12818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM DNA polymerase delta 1 catalytic subunit (POLD1 or POLD1/p125) plays a crucial role in DNA synthesis and proofreading during the semiconservative genome replication. Mutations of POLD1 are associated with abnormal cell division in various human tumors. However, the significance of altered POLD1 expression in malignant diseases and its usefulness as a prognostic factor is not fully understood. This study aimed to determine POLD1 immunoexpression levels in paired sections of tumor and normal kidney derived from 56 patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) and evaluate the significance of POLD1 protein as a potential prognostic factor in ccRCC. MATERIALS AND METHODS Tissue samples were collected from 56 patients (27 females and 29 males, mean age 62.6, range=27-83 years) who underwent nephrectomy due to ccRCC. Paired tissue samples were obtained from the tumor and unchanged part of the kidney. The expression of POLD1 protein was assessed by immunohistochemistry. Clinical and pathological data of patients were also collected. Patients were followed-up and the median time of observation period was 39.3 months. RESULTS The study revealed a significantly higher POLD1 nuclear expression in ccRCC tumor tissue samples and this was correlated with longer survival rates (better prognosis) of ccRCC patients. CONCLUSION POLD1 immunoreactivity in ccRCC postoperative material could be helpful as a prognostic marker in the ccRCC patient group.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janusz Godlewski
- Department of Human Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland; .,Department of Surgical Oncology, Hospital Ministry of Internal Affairs with Warmia and Mazury Oncology Centre, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Przemyslaw Stefaniak
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Hospital Ministry of Internal Affairs with Warmia and Mazury Oncology Centre, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Jacek Kiezun
- Department of Human Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Bartlomiej Emil Krazinski
- Department of Human Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Palles C, Martin L, Domingo E, Chegwidden L, McGuire J, Cuthill V, Heitzer E, Kerr R, Kerr D, Kearsey S, Clark SK, Tomlinson I, Latchford A. The clinical features of polymerase proof-reading associated polyposis (PPAP) and recommendations for patient management. Fam Cancer 2022; 21:197-209. [PMID: 33948826 PMCID: PMC8964588 DOI: 10.1007/s10689-021-00256-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Pathogenic germline exonuclease domain (ED) variants of POLE and POLD1 cause the Mendelian dominant condition polymerase proof-reading associated polyposis (PPAP). We aimed to describe the clinical features of all PPAP patients with probably pathogenic variants. We identified patients with a variants mapping to the EDs of POLE or POLD1 from cancer genetics clinics, a colorectal cancer (CRC) clinical trial, and systematic review of the literature. We used multiple evidence sources to separate ED variants into those with strong evidence of pathogenicity and those of uncertain importance. We performed quantitative analysis of the risk of CRC, colorectal adenomas, endometrial cancer or any cancer in the former group. 132 individuals carried a probably pathogenic ED variant (105 POLE, 27 POLD1). The earliest malignancy was colorectal cancer at 14. The most common tumour types were colorectal, followed by endometrial in POLD1 heterozygotes and duodenal in POLE heterozygotes. POLD1-mutant cases were at a significantly higher risk of endometrial cancer than POLE heterozygotes. Five individuals with a POLE pathogenic variant, but none with a POLD1 pathogenic variant, developed ovarian cancer. Nine patients with POLE pathogenic variants and one with a POLD1 pathogenic variant developed brain tumours. Our data provide important evidence for PPAP management. Colonoscopic surveillance is recommended from age 14 and upper-gastrointestinal surveillance from age 25. The management of other tumour risks remains uncertain, but surveillance should be considered. In the absence of strong genotype-phenotype associations, these recommendations should apply to all PPAP patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claire Palles
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Lynn Martin
- Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Enric Domingo
- Department of Oncology, Old Road Campus Research Building, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, UK
| | - Laura Chegwidden
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Josh McGuire
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Vicky Cuthill
- Polyposis Registry, St Mark's Hospital, Harrow, London, HA1 3UJ, UK
| | - Ellen Heitzer
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Human Genetics, University of Gratz, Graz, Austria
| | - Rachel Kerr
- Department of Oncology, Old Road Campus Research Building, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, UK
| | - David Kerr
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Stephen Kearsey
- ZRAB, University of Oxford, 11a Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3SZ, UK
| | - Susan K Clark
- Polyposis Registry, St Mark's Hospital, Harrow, London, HA1 3UJ, UK
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Ian Tomlinson
- Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Andrew Latchford
- Polyposis Registry, St Mark's Hospital, Harrow, London, HA1 3UJ, UK
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Abstract
Background DNA polymerase delta 1 catalytic subunit (POLD1) plays a key role in DNA replication and damage repair. A defective DNA proofreading function caused by POLD1 mutation contributes to carcinogenesis, while POLD1 overexpression predicts poor prognosis in cancers. However, the effect of POLD1 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is not well-understood. Methods Expression patterns of POLD1 were evaluated in TCGA and the HPA databases. Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox regression were used to examine the prognostic value of POLD1. The prognostic and predictive value of POLD1 was further validated by another independent cohort from ICGC database. The influences of DNA copy number variation, methylation and miRNA on POLD1 mRNA expression were examined. The correlation between infiltrating immune cells and POLD1 expression was analyzed. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses were performed to detect biological pathways associated with POLD1 expression in HCC. Results POLD1 was overexpressed in HCC (n = 369) compared with adjacent normal liver (n = 50). POLD1 upregulation was significantly correlated with positive serum AFP and advanced TNM stage. Kaplan–Meier and multivariate analyses suggested that POLD1 overexpression predicts poor prognosis in HCC. DNA copy gain, low POLD1 methylation, and miR‑139-3p downregulation were associated with POLD1 overexpression. Besides, POLD1 expression was associated with the infiltration levels of dendritic cell, macrophage, B cell, and CD4 + T cell in HCC. Functional enrichment analysis suggested “DNA replication”, “mismatch repair” and “cell cycle” pathways might be involved in the effect of POLD1 on HCC pathogenesis. Additionally, POLD1 mRNA expression was significantly associated with tumor mutation burden, microsatellite instability, and prognosis in various tumors. Conclusions POLD1 may be a potential prognostic marker and promising therapeutic target in HCC. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-022-09284-y.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Tang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, 100730, Beijing, China
| | - Tingting You
- Department of Medical Oncology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, 100730, Beijing, China
| | - Zhao Sun
- Department of Medical Oncology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, 100730, Beijing, China
| | - Chunmei Bai
- Department of Medical Oncology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, 100730, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zhao S, Wei C, Tang H, Ding H, Han B, Chen S, Song X, Gu Q, Zhang Y, Liu W, Wang J. Elevated DNA Polymerase Delta 1 Expression Correlates With Tumor Progression and Immunosuppressive Tumor Microenvironment in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2021; 11:736363. [PMID: 34868924 PMCID: PMC8632622 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.736363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objective Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide, and the DNA polymerase delta (POLD) family is significantly related to cancer prognosis. This study aimed to explore the significance of the POLD family in HCC via the DNA damage repair (DDR) pathway. Methods Data mining was conducted using bioinformatics methods. RNA sequencing and clinicopathological data were collected from The Cancer Genome Atlas, GTEx database and the Gumz Renal cohort. Statistical analyses were also performed in cancer samples (n>12,000) and the Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities (AHYMUN, n=107) cohort. Results The POLD family (POLD1-4) was identified as the most important functional component of the DDR pathway. Based on the analysis of independent cohorts, we found significantly elevated POLD expression in HCC compared with normal tissues. Second, we investigated the prognostic implication of elevated POLD1 expression in HCC and pan-cancers, revealing that increased POLD1 levels were correlated to worse prognoses for HCC patients. Additionally, we identified 11 hub proteins interacting closely with POLD proteins in base excision repair, protein-DNA complex and mismatch repair signaling pathways. Moreover, POLD1 mutation functioned as an independent biomarker to predict the benefit of targeted treatment. Importantly, POLD1 expression was associated with immune checkpoint molecules, including CD274, CD80, CD86, CTLA4, PDCD1 and TCGIT, and facilitated an immune-excluded tumor microenvironment. Additionally, we confirmed that elevated POLD1 expression was closely correlated with the aggressive progression and poor prognosis of HCC in the real-world AHYMUN cohort. Conclusion We identified a significant association between elevated POLD1 expression and poor patient survival and immune-excluded tumor microenvironment of HCC. Together, these findings indicate that POLD1 provides a valuable biomarker to guide the molecular diagnosis and development of novel targeted therapeutic strategies for HCC patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Zhao
- Department of Transplantation, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Cuicui Wei
- Department of Outpatient, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Haijia Tang
- Department of Integrated Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Han Ding
- Department of Transplantation, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bing Han
- Department of Transplantation, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuxian Chen
- Department of Oncology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoling Song
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Gu
- Affiliated Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yichi Zhang
- Department of Transplantation, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wangrui Liu
- Department of Outpatient, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China.,Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Transplantation, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Gladys B, René W, Anabelle D, Ahmad M, Caroline F, Etienne S, Deniz K, Valerie B, Anick C, Jean-Paul M, Benoît M, Philippe K, Isabelle M. Child to adulthood clinical description of MDPL syndrome due to a novel variant in POLD1. Eur J Med Genet 2021; 64:104333. [PMID: 34517090 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2021.104333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Mandibular hypoplasia, Deafness, Progeroid features, and Lipodystrophy (MDPL) syndrome is a rare autosomal dominant disorder caused by mutations in POLD1 gene and characterized by mandibular hypoplasia, deafness, progeroid features and lipodystrophy. One recurrent mutation p.(Ser605del) was reported in almost all affected patients. We report a novel de novo c.3214A>C p.(Thr1072Pro) variant in POLD1 in a 28-year-old male with MDPL syndrome. We provide a clinical description, molecular/immunohistological results, and literature review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Battisti Gladys
- Centre for Human Genetics, Institut de Pathologie et de Génétique, Charleroi, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Wintjens René
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Bioorganic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Decottignies Anabelle
- Telomeres Research Group, Genetic & Epigenetic Alterations of Genomes, de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Merhi Ahmad
- IPG BioBank and Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Institut de Pathologie et de Génétique/Grand Hôpital de Charleroi, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Fervaille Caroline
- Department of Anatomopathology, Cliniques de Mont-Godinne, CHU-UCL-Namur, Godinne, Belgium
| | - Sokal Etienne
- UCLouvain, Cliniques Universitaires St Luc, Service de Gastroentérologie et Hépatologie Pédiatrique, 10 Av Hippocrate, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Karadurmus Deniz
- Centre for Human Genetics, Institut de Pathologie et de Génétique, Charleroi, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Benoit Valerie
- Centre for Human Genetics, Institut de Pathologie et de Génétique, Charleroi, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Claessens Anick
- Department of Endocrinology, Vivalia, Cliniques Sud Luxembourg, Arlon, Belgium
| | - Martinet Jean-Paul
- Department of Hepato-Gastro-Enterology, Cliniques de Mont-Godinne, CHU-UCL-Namur, Godinne, Belgium
| | - Martiat Benoît
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Vivalia, Cliniques Sud Luxembourg, Arlon, Belgium
| | - Kinzinger Philippe
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Vivalia, Cliniques Sud Luxembourg, Arlon, Belgium
| | - Maystadt Isabelle
- Centre for Human Genetics, Institut de Pathologie et de Génétique, Charleroi, Gosselies, Belgium; Faculty of Medicine, Unamur, Namur, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We report a novel phenotype of mandibular hypoplasia, deafness, and progeroid features with lipodystrophy (MDPL) syndrome with POLD1 mutation in a Chinese girl. CASE DESCRIPTION Diabetic retinopathy was detected as the primary manifestation in a Chinese girl with MDPL syndrome carrying a known POLD1 mutation (c.1812_1814delCTC, p.Ser605del). Typical characteristics of the syndrome including mandibular hypoplasia, deafness, progeroid features, and diabetes were detected after comprehensive examinations. The patient suffered from blurred vision and eye pain due to the neovascularization of the retina (vitreous hemorrhage and retinal detachment) and iris (neovascular glaucoma). The literature review revealed that the prevalence of hepatomegaly and abnormal triglyceride levels were significantly higher in female than in male with MDPL syndrome carrying POLD1 mutations. CONCLUSION These results expand our knowledge regarding the clinical phenotypes of MDPL syndrome with POLD1 mutations. Diabetic retinopathy is a non-negligible complication of MDPL syndrome. The phenotype varies among female and male patients with the syndrome. Hepatomegaly and abnormal triglyceride levels are more common in female patients with MDPL syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhou
- Department of ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhiqing Lv
- Department of ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xuelian Tian
- Department of ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhuping Xu
- Department of ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Liang ZJ, Wan Y, Zhu DD, Wang MX, Jiang HM, Huang DL, Luo LF, Chen MJ, Yang WP, Li HM, Wei CY. Resveratrol Mediates the Apoptosis of Triple Negative Breast Cancer Cells by Reducing POLD1 Expression. Front Oncol 2021; 11:569295. [PMID: 33747905 PMCID: PMC7970754 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.569295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Resveratrol (RSV) is known to possess anticancer properties in many types of cancers like breast cancer, in which POLD1 may serve as a potential target. However, the anticancer mechanism of RSV on triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) remains unclear. In the present study, the antitumor effects and mechanism of RSV on TNBC cells were analyzed by RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), which was then verified via cell counting kit-8 (CCK8), immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry, Western Blot (WB), flow cytometry, and hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining. According to the corresponding findings, the survival rate of MDA-MB-231 cells gradually decreased as RSV treatment concentration increased. The RNA-seq analysis results demonstrated that genes affected by RSV treatment were mainly involved in apoptosis and the p53 signaling pathway. Moreover, apoptosis of MDA-MB-231 cells induced by RSV was observed to be mainly mediated by POLD1. When treated with RSV, the expression levels of full length PARP1, PCNA, and BCL-2 were found to be significantly reduced, and the expression level of Cleaved-PARP1 as well as Cleaved-Caspase3 increased significantly. Additionally, the mRNA expression of POLD1 was significantly reduced after treatment with RSV, and the protein expression level was also inhibited by RSV in a concentration-dependent manner. The prediction of domain interaction suggested that RSV may bind to at least five functional domains of the POLD1 protein (6s1m, 6s1n, 6s1o, 6tny and 6tnz). Furthermore, after RSV treatment, the anti-apoptotic index (PCNA, BCL-2) of MDA-MB-231 cells was found to decrease while the apoptosis index (caspase3) increased. Moreover, the overexpression of POLD1 reduced the extent of apoptosis observed in MDA-MB-231 cells following RSV treatment. Moreover, animal experimental results showed that RSV had a significant inhibitory effect on the growth of live tumors, while POLD1 overexpression was shown to antagonize this inhibitory effect. Accordingly, this study’s findings reveal that RSV may promote the apoptosis of TNBC cells by reducing the expression of POLD1 to activate the apoptotic pathway, which may serve as a potential therapy for the treatment of TNBC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Jie Liang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China.,Department of Wound Repair Surgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University & The First People's Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, China
| | - Yan Wan
- Department of Breast Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Dan-Dan Zhu
- Department of Wound Repair Surgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University & The First People's Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, China
| | - Meng-Xin Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Hong-Mian Jiang
- Department of Pathology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University & The First People's Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, China
| | - Dong-Lin Huang
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University & The First People's Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, China
| | - Li-Feng Luo
- Department of Pathology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University & The First People's Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, China
| | - Mao-Jian Chen
- Department of Breast Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Wei-Ping Yang
- Department of Ultrasonography, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Hong-Mian Li
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University & The First People's Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, China
| | - Chang-Yuan Wei
- Department of Breast Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Hou Y, Song Q, Gao S, Zhang X, Wang Y, Liu J, Fu J, Cao M, Wang P. CTCF Mediates Replicative Senescence Through POLD1. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:618586. [PMID: 33692996 PMCID: PMC7937641 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.618586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
POLD1, the catalytic subunit of DNA polymerase δ, plays a critical role in DNA synthesis and DNA repair processes. Moreover, POLD1 is downregulated in replicative senescence to mediate aging. In any case, the components of age-related downregulation of POLD1 expression have not been fully explained. In this article, we elucidate the mechanism of the regulation of POLD1 at the transcription level and found that the transcription factor CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF) was bound to the POLD1 promoter area in two sites. The binding level of CTCF for the POLD1 promoter appeared to be related to aging and was confirmed to be positively controlled by the CTCF level. Additionally, cell senescence characteristics were detected within the cells transfected with short hairpin RNA (shRNA)-CTCF, pLenti-CMV-CTCF, shRNA-POLD1, and pLenti-CMV-POLD1, and the results showed that the CTCF may contribute to the altered expression of POLD1 in aging. In conclusion, the binding level of CTCF for the POLD1 promoter intervened by an age-related decrease in CTCF and downregulated the POLD1 expression in aging. Moreover, the decrease in CTCF-mediated POLD1 transcription accelerates the progression of cell aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuli Hou
- Clinical Laboratory of Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiao Song
- Clinical Laboratory of Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shichao Gao
- Clinical Laboratory of Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaomin Zhang
- Clinical Laboratory of Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yaqi Wang
- Clinical Laboratory of Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Clinical Laboratory of Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jingxuan Fu
- Clinical Laboratory of Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Min Cao
- Clinical Laboratory of Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Peichang Wang
- Clinical Laboratory of Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
He J, Ouyang W, Zhao W, Shao L, Li B, Liu B, Wang D, Han-Zhang H, Zhang Z, Shao L, Li W. Distinctive genomic characteristics in POLE/POLD1-mutant cancers can potentially predict beneficial clinical outcomes in patients who receive immune checkpoint inhibitor. Ann Transl Med 2021; 9:129. [PMID: 33569431 PMCID: PMC7867935 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-7553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background Mutations in POLE /POLD1 proofreading domain can cause deficiencies in DNA repair, conferring ultramutated cancer phenotypes. Preliminary clinical studies have revealed an association between POLE/POLD1 mutations and beneficial clinical outcomes to immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy This study aims to investigate the genomic characteristics of POLE/POLD-mutant tumors and the prognostic value of POLE/POLD mutation for ICI treatment. Methods Genomic data of 21,074 patients with 23 cancer types were retrieved from Burning Rock variant database (BR VarDB). The prevalence and spectra of POLE and POLD1 mutations were assessed and compared with that in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) samples. The correlations of POLE/POLD1 mutation with tumor mutational burden (TMB) and microsatellite instability (MSI) were investigated. The prognostic value of POLE/POLD1 mutations was also explored in 2,487 ICI-treated patients from published studies. Results BR VarDB samples displayed a similar mutational prevalence of POLE (3.2% vs. 3.2%) and POLD1 (1.4% vs. 1.6%, P=0.248) versusTCGA samples, but a slightly lower frequency of POLE and POLD1 co-mutations (0.21% vs. 0.43%, P<0.001). POLE/POLD1-mutant tumors harbored increased TCT→TAT and TCG→TTG transversions, and genomic signatures associated with DNA mismatch repair (MMR) deficiency and ultra-hypermuation. Furthermore, tumors with POLE/POLD1 proofreading mutation showed a significantly higher TMB than tumors with non-proofreading mutations (P<0.01), although both possessed a higher TMB than POLE/POLD1 wild-type (WT) tumors (P<0.0001 and P<0.0001, respectively). MSI was commonly observed in tumors harboring dominant clone of POLE/POLD1 mutation (10.2%), but occurred rarely in POLE/POLD1 WT tumors (0.5%) and tumors with accumulating sub-cloned POLE/POLD1 mutation (0%). Survival analysis revealed that POLE/POLD1 mutation was not independently correlated with longer survival after adjusting for TMB and other factors (HR =0.86, P=0.372). However, patients harboring POLE/POLD1 mutation demonstrated a higher response rate than patients with POLE/ POLD1 WT tumors (35.2% vs. 19.6%, P=0.0165). Conclusions We delineated distinctive genomic characteristics in POLE/POLD1-mutant tumors, suggesting the potential predictive role of POLE/POLD1 mutations, especially those in the proofreading domain, for beneficial outcomes of immunotherapy. Our results also suggest that MSI caused by a loss-of-function mutation in the MMR pathway tends to result from POLE/POLD1 proofreading deficiency in POLE/POLD1-mutant tumors with MSI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junjun He
- Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease Research of Zhejiang Province, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Ouyang
- Department of Oncology, Zhuzhou Central Hospital, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Zhuzhou, China
| | - Wugan Zhao
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lin Shao
- Burning Rock Biotech, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bing Li
- Burning Rock Biotech, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bihao Liu
- Department of Urology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dejuan Wang
- Department of Urology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | | | | | | | - Wencai Li
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Yu PT, Luk HM, Mok MT, Lo FI. Evolving clinical manifestations of mandibular hypoplasia, deafness, progeroid features, and lipodystrophy syndrome: From infancy to adulthood in a 31-year-old woman. Am J Med Genet A 2020; 185:995-998. [PMID: 33369179 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.62035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Mandibular hypoplasia, deafness, progeroid feature, and lipodystrophy syndrome (MDPL, MIM# 615381) is an extremely rare and recently recognized early adult onset of progeroid syndrome, with features of generalized lipodystrophy, dysmorphic features, telangiectasia, early onset hearing loss, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia. Here, we present a 31-year-old Chinese woman with MDPL, harboring the recurrent pathogenic variant p.(Ser605del) in POLD1, illustrating the evolving manifestations of this premature aging disorder from infancy to adulthood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pui Tak Yu
- Department of Health, Clinical Genetic Service, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Ho-Ming Luk
- Department of Health, Clinical Genetic Service, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Myth T Mok
- Department of Health, Clinical Genetic Service, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Fm Ivan Lo
- Department of Health, Clinical Genetic Service, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Newman J, Seetharamu N, Saif MW. Burden of Proof: Evaluating the Efficacy of Tumor Mutational Burden (TMB) in Predicting Response to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors. Cancer Med J 2020; 3:17-21. [PMID: 33377136 PMCID: PMC7769129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- James Newman
- Northwell Health Cancer Institute, Lake Success, NY, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Layer JV, Debaize L, Van Scoyk A, House NC, Brown AJ, Liu Y, Stevenson KE, Hemann M, Roberts SA, Price BD, Weinstock DM, Day TA. Polymerase δ promotes chromosomal rearrangements and imprecise double-strand break repair. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:27566-77. [PMID: 33077594 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2014176117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have implicated DNA polymerases θ (Pol θ) and β (Pol β) as mediators of alternative nonhomologous end-joining (Alt-NHEJ) events, including chromosomal translocations. Here we identify subunits of the replicative DNA polymerase δ (Pol δ) as promoters of Alt-NHEJ that results in more extensive intrachromosomal mutations at a single double-strand break (DSB) and more frequent translocations between two DSBs. Depletion of the Pol δ accessory subunit POLD2 destabilizes the complex, resulting in degradation of both POLD1 and POLD3 in human cells. POLD2 depletion markedly reduces the frequency of translocations with sequence modifications but does not affect the frequency of translocations with exact joins. Using separation-of-function mutants, we show that both the DNA synthesis and exonuclease activities of the POLD1 subunit contribute to translocations. As described in yeast and unlike Pol θ, Pol δ also promotes homology-directed repair. Codepletion of POLD2 with 53BP1 nearly eliminates translocations. POLD1 and POLD2 each colocalize with phosphorylated H2AX at ionizing radiation-induced DSBs but not with 53BP1. Codepletion of POLD2 with either ligase 3 (LIG3) or ligase 4 (LIG4) does not further reduce translocation frequency compared to POLD2 depletion alone. Together, these data support a model in which Pol δ promotes Alt-NHEJ in human cells at DSBs, including translocations.
Collapse
|
24
|
Siraj AK, Bu R, Arshad M, Iqbal K, Parvathareddy SK, Masoodi T, Ghazwani LO, Al-Sobhi SS, Al-Dayel F, Al-Kuraya KS. POLE and POLD1 pathogenic variants in the proofreading domain in papillary thyroid cancer. Endocr Connect 2020; 9:923-932. [PMID: 32992294 PMCID: PMC7583138 DOI: 10.1530/ec-20-0258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid cancer is the most frequent endocrine cancer with an increasing incidence rate worldwide and is the second most common malignancy among females in Saudi Arabia. Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is the most common subtype. Germline pathogenic variants in the proofreading domain of the POLE and POLD1 genes predispose to several types of cancers. However, the role of pathogenic variants of these two genes in PTC remains unknown. Capture sequencing, Sanger sequencing and immunohistochemistry were performed on 300 PTC cases from the Middle Eastern region. One germline pathogenic variant each of POLE (1/300, 0.33%) and POLD1 (1/300, 0.33%) genes was identified. Low expression of POLD1 was detected in 46.5% (133/286) of cases and was significantly associated with the follicular variant of PTC (P = 0.0006), distant metastasis (P = 0.0033) and stage IV tumours (P = 0.0081). However, no somatic pathogenic variant was detected in POLE gene. Furthermore, low expression of POLE was noted in 61.7% (175/284) of cases with no significant clinicopathological associations. Our study shows that pathogenic variant in the POLE and POLD1 proofreading domain is a cause of PTC and low expression of POLD1 is associated with poor prognostic markers in the Middle Eastern population. Further studies from different geographic populations are needed to determine the frequency and spectrum of proofreading domain pathogenic variants in POLE and POLD1 genes and in PTC from different ethnicities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdul K Siraj
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, Research Centre, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rong Bu
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, Research Centre, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maham Arshad
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, Research Centre, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kaleem Iqbal
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, Research Centre, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sandeep Kumar Parvathareddy
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, Research Centre, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tariq Masoodi
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, Research Centre, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Laila Omar Ghazwani
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, Research Centre, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saif S Al-Sobhi
- Department of Surgery, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fouad Al-Dayel
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khawla S Al-Kuraya
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, Research Centre, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Ito T, Nomizu T, Eguchi H, Kamae N, Dechamethakun S, Akama Y, Endo G, Sugano K, Yoshida T, Okazaki Y, Ishida H. The first case report of polymerase proofreading-associated polyposis in POLD1 variant, c.1433G>A p.S478N, in Japan. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2020; 50:1080-1083. [PMID: 32548621 DOI: 10.1093/jjco/hyaa090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Polymerase proofreading-associated polyposis, caused by germline variants in the exonuclease domains of POLD1 and POLE, is a dominantly inherited rare condition characterized by oligo-adenomatous polyposis and increased risk of colorectal cancer, endometrial cancer and brain tumours. We report the first Japanese case of polymerase proofreading-associated polyposis carrying a POLD1 variant. The proband was a Japanese woman who had undergone resections of early colorectal carcinomas repeatedly and a hysterectomy with bilateral oophorectomy for endometrial cancer, all of which were diagnosed within 2 years after the first colectomy at 49 year old. Colonoscopic examinations demonstrated at least 14 non-cancerous polypoid lesions, some of which were histologically confirmed to be adenoma. Multigene panel sequencing identified a missense variant in POLD1 (c.1433G>A). Although her relatives did not undergo genetic testing, her father and paternal grandfather died of brain tumours at 53 and ~30 years of age, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Ito
- Department of Digestive Tract and General Surgery, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Kawagoe
| | | | - Hidetaka Eguchi
- Diagnosis and Therapeutics of Intractable Disease, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo
| | - Nao Kamae
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Kawagoe
| | - Sariya Dechamethakun
- Diagnosis and Therapeutics of Intractable Disease, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo
| | - Yoshinori Akama
- Department of Genetic Counseling, Hoshi General Hospital, Koriyama
| | - Goichi Endo
- Department of Surgery, Fukushima Red Cross Hospital, Fukushima
| | - Kokichi Sugano
- Oncogene Research Unit/Cancer Prevention Unit, Tochigi Cancer Center Research Institute, Utsunomiya
| | - Teruhiko Yoshida
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Services, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasushi Okazaki
- Diagnosis and Therapeutics of Intractable Disease, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo
| | - Hideyuki Ishida
- Department of Digestive Tract and General Surgery, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Kawagoe
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Siraj AK, Bu R, Iqbal K, Parvathareddy SK, Masoodi T, Siraj N, Al-Rasheed M, Kong Y, Ahmed SO, Al-Obaisi KAS, Victoria IG, Arshad M, Al-Dayel F, Abduljabbar A, Ashari LH, Al-Kuraya KS. POLE and POLD1 germline exonuclease domain pathogenic variants, a rare event in colorectal cancer from the Middle East. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2020; 8:e1368. [PMID: 32567205 PMCID: PMC7434734 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major contributor to morbidity and mortality related to cancer. Only ~5% of all CRCs occur as a result of pathogenic variants in well‐defined CRC predisposing genes. The frequency and effect of exonuclease domain pathogenic variants of POLE and POLD1 genes in Middle Eastern CRCs is still unknown. Methods Targeted capture sequencing and Sanger sequencing technologies were employed to investigate the germline exonuclease domain pathogenic variants of POLE and POLD1 in Middle Eastern CRCs. Immunohistochemical analysis of POLE and POLD1 was performed to look for associations between protein expression and clinico‐pathological characteristics. Results Five damaging or possibly damaging variants (0.44%) were detected in 1,135 CRC cases, four in POLE gene (0.35%, 4/1,135) and one (0.1%, 1/1,135) in POLD1 gene. Furthermore, low POLE protein expression was identified in 38.9% (417/1071) cases and a significant association with lymph node involvement (p = .0184) and grade 3 tumors (p = .0139) was observed. Whereas, low POLD1 expression was observed in 51.9% (555/1069) of cases and was significantly associated with adenocarcinoma histology (p = .0164), larger tumor size (T3 and T4 tumors; p = .0012), and stage III tumors (p = .0341). Conclusion POLE and POLD1 exonuclease domain pathogenic variants frequency in CRC cases was very low and these exonuclease domain pathogenic variants might be rare causative events of CRC in the Middle East. POLE and POLD1 can be included in multi‐gene panels to screen CRC patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdul K Siraj
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, Research Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, iyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rong Bu
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, Research Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, iyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kaleem Iqbal
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, Research Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, iyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sandeep K Parvathareddy
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, Research Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, iyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tariq Masoodi
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, Research Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, iyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nabil Siraj
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, Research Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, iyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha Al-Rasheed
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, Research Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, iyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yan Kong
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, Research Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, iyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saeeda O Ahmed
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, Research Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, iyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khadija A S Al-Obaisi
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, Research Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, iyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ingrid G Victoria
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, Research Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, iyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maham Arshad
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, Research Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, iyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fouad Al-Dayel
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alaa Abduljabbar
- Colorectal Section, Department of Surgery, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Luai H Ashari
- Colorectal Section, Department of Surgery, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khawla S Al-Kuraya
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, Research Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, iyadh, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Oh DY, Matsumoto Y, Kitajiri SI, Kim NKD, Kim MY, Kim AR, Lee M, Lee C, Tomkinson AE, Katsuno T, Kim SY, Shin HW, Han JH, Lee S, Park WY, Choi BY. POLD1 variants leading to reduced polymerase activity can cause hearing loss without syndromic features. Hum Mutat 2020; 41:913-920. [PMID: 31944473 DOI: 10.1002/humu.23984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
DNA polymerase δ, whose catalytic subunit is encoded by POLD1, is responsible for synthesizing the lagging strand of DNA. Single heterozygous POLD1 mutations in domains with polymerase and exonuclease activities have been reported to cause syndromic deafness as a part of multisystem metabolic disorder or predisposition to cancer. However, the phenotypes of diverse combinations of POLD1 genotypes have not been elucidated in humans. We found that five members of a multiplex family segregating autosomal recessive nonsyndromic sensorineural hearing loss (NS-SNHL) have revealed novel compound heterozygous POLD1 variants (p.Gly1100Arg and a presumptive null function variant, p.Ser197Hisfs*54). The recombinant p.Gly1100Arg polymerase δ showed a reduced polymerase activity by 30-40%, but exhibited normal exonuclease activity. The polymerase activity in cell extracts from the affected subject carrying the two POLD1 mutant alleles was about 33% of normal controls. We suggest that significantly decreased polymerase δ activity, but not a complete absence, with normal exonuclease activity could lead to NS-SNHL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Doo-Yi Oh
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Yoshihiro Matsumoto
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, and University of New Mexico Cancer Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico.,Department of Environmental Biology, Chubu University College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Kasugai, Aichi, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichiro Kitajiri
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Nayoung K D Kim
- Samsung Genome Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min Young Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Ah Reum Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Seoul National University Hospital, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mingyu Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chung Lee
- Samsung Genome Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Seoul, Korea
| | - Alan E Tomkinson
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, and University of New Mexico Cancer Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Tatsuya Katsuno
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - So Young Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Seoul National University Hospital, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun-Woo Shin
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Seoul National University Hospital, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Pharmacology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Hee Han
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Seungmin Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Woong-Yang Park
- Samsung Genome Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byung Yoon Choi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Siraj AK, Parvathareddy SK, Bu R, Iqbal K, Siraj S, Masoodi T, Concepcion RM, Ghazwani LO, AlBadawi I, Al-Dayel F, Al-Kuraya KS. Germline POLE and POLD1 proofreading domain mutations in endometrial carcinoma from Middle Eastern region. Cancer Cell Int 2019; 19:334. [PMID: 31866764 PMCID: PMC6907229 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-019-1058-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Endometrial carcinoma (EC) accounts for 5.8% of all cancers in Saudi females. Although most ECs are sporadic, 2–5% tend to be familial, being associated with Lynch syndrome and Cowden syndrome. In this study, we attempted to uncover the frequency, spectrum and phenotype of germline mutations in the proofreading domain of POLE and POLD1 genes in a large cohort of ECs from Middle Eastern region. Methods We performed Capture sequencing and Sanger sequencing to screen for proofreading domains of POLE and POLD1 genes in 432 EC cases, followed by evaluation of protein expression using immunohistochemistry. Variant interpretation was performed using PolyPhen-2, MutationAssessor, SIFT, CADD and Mutation Taster. Results In our cohort, four mutations (0.93%) were identified in 432 EC cases, two each in POLE and POLD1 proofreading domains. Furthermore, low expression of POLE and POLD1 was noted in 41.1% (170/1414) and 59.9% (251/419) of cases, respectively. Both the cases harboring POLE mutation showed high nuclear expression of POLE protein, whereas, of the two POLD1 mutant cases, one case showed high expression and another case showed low expression of POLD1 protein. Conclusions Our study shows that germline mutations in POLE and POLD1 proofreading region are a rare cause of EC in Middle Eastern population. However, it is still feasible to screen multiple cancer related genes in EC patients from Middle Eastern region using multigene panels including POLE and POLD1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdul K Siraj
- 1Human Cancer Genomic Research, Research Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, MBC#98-16, P.O. Box 3354, Riyadh, 11211 Saudi Arabia
| | - Sandeep Kumar Parvathareddy
- 1Human Cancer Genomic Research, Research Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, MBC#98-16, P.O. Box 3354, Riyadh, 11211 Saudi Arabia
| | - Rong Bu
- 1Human Cancer Genomic Research, Research Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, MBC#98-16, P.O. Box 3354, Riyadh, 11211 Saudi Arabia
| | - Kaleem Iqbal
- 1Human Cancer Genomic Research, Research Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, MBC#98-16, P.O. Box 3354, Riyadh, 11211 Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarah Siraj
- 1Human Cancer Genomic Research, Research Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, MBC#98-16, P.O. Box 3354, Riyadh, 11211 Saudi Arabia
| | - Tariq Masoodi
- 1Human Cancer Genomic Research, Research Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, MBC#98-16, P.O. Box 3354, Riyadh, 11211 Saudi Arabia
| | - Rica Micaela Concepcion
- 1Human Cancer Genomic Research, Research Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, MBC#98-16, P.O. Box 3354, Riyadh, 11211 Saudi Arabia
| | - Laila Omar Ghazwani
- 1Human Cancer Genomic Research, Research Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, MBC#98-16, P.O. Box 3354, Riyadh, 11211 Saudi Arabia
| | - Ismail AlBadawi
- 2Department of Obstetrics-Gynecology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fouad Al-Dayel
- 3Department of Pathology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, P.O. Box 3354, Riyadh, 11211 Saudi Arabia
| | - Khawla S Al-Kuraya
- 1Human Cancer Genomic Research, Research Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, MBC#98-16, P.O. Box 3354, Riyadh, 11211 Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Cui Y, Keles S, Charbonnier LM, Julé AM, Henderson L, Celik SC, Reisli I, Shen C, Xie WJ, Schmitz-Abe K, Wu H, Chatila TA. Combined immunodeficiency caused by a loss-of-function mutation in DNA polymerase delta 1. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2020; 145:391-401.e8. [PMID: 31629014 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2019.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mutations affecting DNA polymerases have been implicated in genomic instability and cancer development, but the mechanisms by which they can affect the immune system remain largely unexplored. OBJECTIVE We sought to establish the role of DNA polymerase δ1 catalytic subunit (POLD1) as the cause of a primary immunodeficiency in an extended kindred. METHODS We performed whole-exome and targeted gene sequencing, lymphocyte characterization, molecular and functional analyses of the DNA polymerase δ (Polδ) complex, and T- and B-cell antigen receptor repertoire analysis. RESULTS We identified a missense mutation (c. 3178C>T; p.R1060C) in POLD1 in 3 related subjects who presented with recurrent, especially herpetic, infections and T-cell lymphopenia with impaired T-cell but not B-cell proliferation. The mutation destabilizes the Polδ complex, leading to ineffective recruitment of replication factor C to initiate DNA replication. Molecular dynamics simulation revealed that the R1060C mutation disrupts the intramolecular interaction between the POLD1 CysB motif and the catalytic domain and also between POLD1 and the Polδ subunit POLD2. The patients exhibited decreased numbers of naive CD4 and especially CD8 T cells in favor of effector memory subpopulations. This skewing was associated with oligoclonality and restricted T-cell receptor β-chain V-J pairing in CD8+ but not CD4+ T cells, suggesting that POLD1R1060C differentially affects peripheral CD8+ T-cell expansion and possibly thymic selection. CONCLUSION These results identify gene defects in POLD1 as a novel cause of T-cell immunodeficiency.
Collapse
|
30
|
Abstract
Introduction: Metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a dilemma for cancer researchers with an increasing incidence in the younger patient population. Until the last decade, limited therapeutic options were available for metastatic CRC patients leading to relatively poor clinical outcomes.Areas covered: With advances in genome sequencing technology and reductions in the cost of next-generation sequencing, molecular profiling has become more accessible for cancer researchers and clinical investigators, which has furthered our understanding of the molecular behavior of CRC. This progress has recently translated into significant advances in molecular-based therapeutics and led to the development of new target-specific agents in metastatic CRC patients. In this review article, we extensively elaborate on genomic alterations seen in CRC patients including, but not limited to, EGFR, MMR, BRAF, HER2, NTRKs, FGFR, BRCA1/2, PALB2, POLE, and POLD1 genes, all of which are potentially actionable by either an FDA-approved agent or in a clinical trial setting.Expert opinion: We strongly recommend molecular profiling in metastatic CRC patients during the early course of their disease, as this may provide therapeutic and prognostic information that can guide clinicians to practice precision medicine. Patients with potentially actionable genes should be considered for targeting agents based on molecular alterations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irem Guler
- Department of Medicine, Baskent University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gokce Askan
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jim Klostergaard
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ibrahim Halil Sahin
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Jansen AML, Ghosh P, Dakal TC, Slavin TP, Boland CR, Goel A. Novel candidates in early-onset familial colorectal cancer. Fam Cancer 2019; 19:1-10. [PMID: 31555933 DOI: 10.1007/s10689-019-00145-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In 20-30% of patients suspected of a familial colorectal cancer (CRC) syndrome, no underlying genetic cause is detected. Recent advances in whole exome sequencing have generated evidence for new CRC-susceptibility genes including POLE, POLD1 and NTHL1¸ but many patients remain unexplained. Whole exome sequencing was performed on DNA from nine patients from five different families with familial clusters of CRC in which traditional genetic testing failed to yield a diagnosis. Variants were filtered by minor allele frequencies, followed by prioritization based on in silico prediction tools, and the presence in cancer susceptibility genes or genes in cancer-associated pathways. Effects of frameshift variants on protein structure were modeled using I-Tasser. One known pathogenic variant in POLD1 was detected (p.S478N), together with variants in 17 candidate genes not previously associated with CRC. Additional in silico analysis using SIFT, PROVEAN and PolyPhen on the 14 missense variants indicated a possible damaging effect in nine of 14 variants. Modeling of the insertions/deletions showed a damaging effect of two variants in NOTCH2 and CYP1B1. One family was explained by a mutation in a known familial CRC gene. In the remaining four families, the most promising candidates found are a frameshift NOTCH2 and a missense RAB25 variant. This study provides potential novel candidate variants in unexplained familial CRC patients, however, functional validation is imperative to confirm the role of these variants in CRC tumorigenesis. Additionally, while whole exome sequencing enables detection of variants throughout the exome, other causes explaining the familial phenotype such as multiple single nucleotide polymorphisms accumulating to a polygenic risk or epigenetic events, might be missed with this approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne M L Jansen
- Center for Gastrointestinal Research, Center for Translational Genomics and Oncology, Baylor Scott & White Research Institute and Charles A. Sammons Cancer Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Pradipta Ghosh
- Departments of Medicine and Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Tikam C Dakal
- Department of Biotechnology, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, Rajasthan, 313001, India
| | - Thomas P Slavin
- Division of Clinical Cancer Genomics City of Hope, Department of Medical Oncology, National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - C Richard Boland
- Departments of Medicine and Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ajay Goel
- Center for Gastrointestinal Research, Center for Translational Genomics and Oncology, Baylor Scott & White Research Institute and Charles A. Sammons Cancer Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
- Molecular Diagnostics and Experimental Therapeutics, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, 91016, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Gao S, Zhang X, Song Q, Liu J, Ji X, Wang P. POLD1 deficiency is involved in cognitive function impairment in AD patients and SAMP8 mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 114:108833. [PMID: 30978525 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.108833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related changes such as increased oxidative stress and DNA damage are important risk factors for Alzheimer's disease (AD). This study aimed to clarify the role of POLD1, the catalytic subunit of DNA polymerase δ, in neurodegeneration symptoms of AD. POLD1 expression levels were evaluated in patients with different neurodegenerative diseases by ELISA, RT-PCR and Western blot analysis. The impairment of cognitive ability in AD patients and senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8 (SAMP8) mice were evaluated by MMSE/MoCA score and Morris water maze (MWM) test. We found that serum concentration and expression levels of POLD1 in lymphocytes were reduced in AD patients. The cognitive impairment in AD patients and SAMP8 mice was associated with reduced POLD1 expression. In addition, POLD1 knockdown led to premature senescence and increased DNA damage in primary neuronal cells of SAMP8 mice. In conclusion, this is the first study suggesting that the deficiency of POLD1 may aggravate AD progression, and POLD1 is a potential diagnostic marker and therapeutic target for AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shichao Gao
- Clinical Laboratory of Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, PR China
| | - Xiaomin Zhang
- Clinical Laboratory of Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, PR China
| | - Qiao Song
- Clinical Laboratory of Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, PR China
| | - Jing Liu
- Clinical Laboratory of Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, PR China
| | - Xunming Ji
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, PR China
| | - Peichang Wang
- Clinical Laboratory of Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, PR China; Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Gao S, Song Q, Liu J, Zhang X, Ji X, Wang P. E2F1 mediates the downregulation of POLD1 in replicative senescence. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:2833-50. [PMID: 30895337 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03070-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 03/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
POLD1, the catalytic subunit of DNA Pol δ, plays an important role in DNA synthesis and DNA damage repair, and POLD1 is downregulated in replicative senescence and mediates cell aging. However, the mechanisms of age-related downregulation of POLD1 expression have not been elucidated. In this study, four potential CpG islands in the POLD1 promoter were found, and the methylation levels of the POLD1 promoter were increased in aging 2BS cells, WI-38 cells and peripheral blood lymphocytes, especially at a single site, CpG 36, in CpG island 3. Then, the transcription factor E2F1 was observed to bind to these sites. The binding affinity of E2F1 for the POLD1 promoter was found to show age-related attenuation and was confirmed to be positively regulated by the E2F1 level and negatively regulated by POLD1 promoter methylation. Moreover, cell senescence characteristics were observed in the cells transfected with shRNA-E2F1 and could contribute to the downregulation of POLD1 induced by the E2F1 decline. Collectively, these results indicated that the attenuation of the binding affinity of E2F1 for the POLD1 promoter, mediated by an age-related decline in E2F1 and increased methylation of CpG island 3, downregulates POLD1 expression in aging.
Collapse
|
34
|
Elsayed FA, Tops CMJ, Nielsen M, Ruano D, Vasen HFA, Morreau H, J Hes F, van Wezel T. Low frequency of POLD1 and POLE exonuclease domain variants in patients with multiple colorectal polyps. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2019; 7:e00603. [PMID: 30827058 PMCID: PMC6465667 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Germline mutations affecting the exonuclease domains of POLE and POLD1 predispose to colorectal adenomas and carcinoma. Here, we aimed to screen the exonuclease domains to find the genetic causes of multiple colorectal polyps in unexplained cases. Methods Using a custom next‐generation sequencing panel, we sequenced the exonuclease domains of POLE and POLD1 in 332 index patients diagnosed with multiple colorectal polyps without germline alteration in colorectal polyposis predisposing genes. Results We identified two variants of unknown significance. One germline POLD1 c.961G>A, p.(Gly321Ser) variant was found in two cases. The first patient was diagnosed with multiple polyps at age 35 and colorectal cancer (CRC) at age 37, with no known family history of CRC. The second patient was diagnosed with CRC at age 44 and cumulatively developed multiple polyps; this patient had two sisters with endometrial cancer who did not carry the variant. Furthermore, we identified a novel POLD1 c.955 T>G, p.(Cys319Gly) variant in a patient diagnosed with multiple colorectal adenomas at age 40. Co‐segregation analysis showed that one sister who cumulatively developed multiple adenomas from age 34, and another sister who developed CRC at age 38 did not carry the variant. We did not identify pathogenic variants in POLE and POLD1. Conclusion This study confirms the low frequency of causal variants in these genes in the predisposition for multiple colorectal polyps, and also establishes that these genes are a rare cause of the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Carli M J Tops
- Department of Clinical Genetics, LUMC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Maartje Nielsen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, LUMC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Dina Ruano
- Department of Pathology, LUMC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Hans F A Vasen
- Department of Gastroenterology, LUMC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Hans Morreau
- Department of Pathology, LUMC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Frederik J Hes
- Department of Clinical Genetics, LUMC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Tom van Wezel
- Department of Pathology, LUMC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Fiorillo C, D'Apice MR, Trucco F, Murdocca M, Spitalieri P, Assereto S, Baratto S, Morcaldi G, Minetti C, Sangiuolo F, Novelli G. Characterization of MDPL Fibroblasts Carrying the Recurrent p.Ser605del Mutation in POLD1 Gene. DNA Cell Biol 2018; 37:1061-1067. [PMID: 30388038 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2018.4335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Mandibular hypoplasia, deafness, and progeroid features, with concomitant lipodystrophy, define a multisystem disorder named MDPL syndrome. MDPL has been associated with heterozygous mutations in POLD1 gene resulting in loss of DNA polymerase δ activity. In this study, we report clinical, genetic, and cellular studies of a 13-year-old Pakistani girl, presenting growth retardation, sensorineural deafness, altered distribution of subcutaneous adipose tissue, and insulin resistance. We performed Sanger sequencing of POLD1 gene in the proband and the healthy parents. Fibroblasts obtained from dermal biopsy were evaluated for the specific hallmarks of cellular senescence and for their response to the DNA-induced damage. Patient carried the recurrent heterozygous de novo in frame deletion (c.1812_1814delCTC, p.Ser605del ) within POLD1 gene, previously detected in 16 MDPL patients. In patient's fibroblasts we observed severe nuclear envelope anomalies, presence of micronuclei, accumulation of prelamin A, altered cell growth, and cellular senescence. In addition, we observed a persistence of DNA damage after cisplatin exposure, compared to control cells. In conclusion, the MDPL nuclear and cellular findings resemble features observed in other progeroid syndromes and familial lipodystrophies. Although further investigations will be necessary, these information could be used to establish targeted therapeutic approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Fiorillo
- 1 Paediatric Neurology and Neuromuscular Disorders, University of Genoa and Istituto G. Gaslini , Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Federica Trucco
- 1 Paediatric Neurology and Neuromuscular Disorders, University of Genoa and Istituto G. Gaslini , Genoa, Italy
| | - Michela Murdocca
- 3 Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome "Tor Vergata ," Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Spitalieri
- 3 Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome "Tor Vergata ," Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Assereto
- 1 Paediatric Neurology and Neuromuscular Disorders, University of Genoa and Istituto G. Gaslini , Genoa, Italy
| | - Serena Baratto
- 1 Paediatric Neurology and Neuromuscular Disorders, University of Genoa and Istituto G. Gaslini , Genoa, Italy
| | - Guido Morcaldi
- 1 Paediatric Neurology and Neuromuscular Disorders, University of Genoa and Istituto G. Gaslini , Genoa, Italy
| | - Carlo Minetti
- 1 Paediatric Neurology and Neuromuscular Disorders, University of Genoa and Istituto G. Gaslini , Genoa, Italy
| | - Federica Sangiuolo
- 2 Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Tor Vergata Hospital , Rome, Italy
- 3 Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome "Tor Vergata ," Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Novelli
- 2 Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Tor Vergata Hospital , Rome, Italy
- 3 Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome "Tor Vergata ," Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Esteban-Jurado C, Giménez-Zaragoza D, Muñoz J, Franch-Expósito S, Álvarez-Barona M, Ocaña T, Cuatrecasas M, Carballal S, López-Cerón M, Marti-Solano M, Díaz-Gay M, van Wezel T, Castells A, Bujanda L, Balmaña J, Gonzalo V, Llort G, Ruiz-Ponte C, Cubiella J, Balaguer F, Aligué R, Castellví-Bel S. POLE and POLD1 screening in 155 patients with multiple polyps and early-onset colorectal cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 8:26732-26743. [PMID: 28423643 PMCID: PMC5432293 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Germline mutations in POLE and POLD1 have been shown to cause predisposition to colorectal multiple polyposis and a wide range of neoplasms, early-onset colorectal cancer being the most prevalent. In order to find additional mutations affecting the proofreading activity of these polymerases, we sequenced its exonuclease domain in 155 patients with multiple polyps or an early-onset colorectal cancer phenotype without alterations in the known hereditary colorectal cancer genes. Interestingly, none of the previously reported mutations in POLE and POLD1 were found. On the other hand, among the genetic variants detected, only two of them stood out as putative pathogenic in the POLE gene, c.1359 + 46del71 and c.1420G > A (p.Val474Ile). The first variant, detected in two families, was not proven to alter correct RNA splicing. Contrarily, c.1420G > A (p.Val474Ile) was detected in one early-onset colorectal cancer patient and located right next to the exonuclease domain. The pathogenicity of this change was suggested by its rarity and bioinformatics predictions, and it was further indicated by functional assays in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. This is the first study to functionally analyze a POLE genetic variant outside the exonuclease domain and widens the spectrum of genetic changes in this DNA polymerase that could lead to colorectal cancer predisposition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clara Esteban-Jurado
- Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - David Giménez-Zaragoza
- Biomedical Sciences Department, School of Medicine, University de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Jenifer Muñoz
- Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Sebastià Franch-Expósito
- Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Miriam Álvarez-Barona
- Galician Public Foundation of Genomic Medicine (FPGMX), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Genomics Medicine Group, Hospital Clínico, Santiago de Compostela, University of Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | - Teresa Ocaña
- Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Miriam Cuatrecasas
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Clinic, Biobanc Clinic-IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Sabela Carballal
- Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - María López-Cerón
- Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Maria Marti-Solano
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Marcos Díaz-Gay
- Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Tom van Wezel
- Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Antoni Castells
- Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Luis Bujanda
- Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Donostia-Instituto Biodonostia, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Basque Country University (UPV/EHU), San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Judith Balmaña
- High Risk and Cancer Prevention Unit, Medical Oncology Department, University Hospital Vall d'Hebron and Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Victoria Gonzalo
- Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Universitari Mútua de Terrassa, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Llort
- Clinical Oncology Department, Corporacio Parc Tauli, Sabadell, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Clara Ruiz-Ponte
- Galician Public Foundation of Genomic Medicine (FPGMX), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Genomics Medicine Group, Hospital Clínico, Santiago de Compostela, University of Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | - Joaquín Cubiella
- Gastroenterology Department, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Ourense, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica Ourense, Pontevedra y Vigo, Ourense, Spain
| | - Francesc Balaguer
- Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Rosa Aligué
- Biomedical Sciences Department, School of Medicine, University de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Sergi Castellví-Bel
- Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Buchanan DD, Stewart JR, Clendenning M, Rosty C, Mahmood K, Pope BJ, Jenkins MA, Hopper JL, Southey MC, Macrae FA, Winship IM, Win AK. Risk of colorectal cancer for carriers of a germ-line mutation in POLE or POLD1. Genet Med 2018; 20:890-5. [PMID: 29120461 DOI: 10.1038/gim.2017.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Germ-line mutations in the exonuclease domains of the POLE and POLD1 genes are associated with an increased, but yet unquantified, risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). METHODS We identified families with POLE or POLD1 variants by searching PubMed for relevant studies prior to October 2016 and by genotyping 669 population-based CRC cases diagnosed in patients under 60 years of age, from the Australasian Colorectal Cancer Family Registry. We estimated the age-specific cumulative risks (penetrance) using a modified segregation analysis. RESULTS We observed 67 CRCs (mean age at diagnosis = 50.2 (SD = 13.8) years) among 364 first- and second-degree relatives from 41 POLE families, and 6 CRCs (mean age at diagnosis = 39.7 (SD = 6.83) years) among 69 relatives from 9 POLD1 families. We estimated risks of CRC up to the age of 70 years (95% confidence interval) for males and females, respectively, to be 28% (95% CI, 10–42%) and 21% (95% CI, 7–33%) for POLE mutation carriers and 90% (95% CI, 33–99%) and 82% (95% CI, 26–99%) for POLD1 mutation carriers. CONCLUSION CRC risks for POLE mutation carriers are sufficiently high to warrant consideration of colonoscopy screening and implementation of management guidelines recommended for MSH6 mutation carriers in cases of Lynch syndrome. Refinement of estimates of CRC risk for POLD1 carriers is needed; however, clinical management recommendations could follow those made for POLE carriers.
Collapse
|
38
|
Hocke S, Guo Y, Job A, Orth M, Ziesch A, Lauber K, De Toni EN, Gress TM, Herbst A, Göke B, Gallmeier E. A synthetic lethal screen identifies ATR-inhibition as a novel therapeutic approach for POLD1-deficient cancers. Oncotarget 2016; 7:7080-95. [PMID: 26755646 PMCID: PMC4872770 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 01/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The phosphoinositide 3-kinase-related kinase ATR represents a central checkpoint regulator and mediator of DNA-repair. Its inhibition selectively eliminates certain subsets of cancer cells in various tumor types, but the underlying genetic determinants remain enigmatic. Here, we applied a synthetic lethal screen directed against 288 DNA-repair genes using the well-defined ATR knock-in model of DLD1 colorectal cancer cells to identify potential DNA-repair defects mediating these effects. We identified a set of DNA-repair proteins, whose knockdown selectively killed ATR-deficient cancer cells. From this set, we further investigated the profound synthetic lethal interaction between ATR and POLD1. ATR-dependent POLD1 knockdown-induced cell killing was reproducible pharmacologically in POLD1-depleted DLD1 cells and a panel of other colorectal cancer cell lines by using chemical inhibitors of ATR or its major effector kinase CHK1. Mechanistically, POLD1 depletion in ATR-deficient cells caused caspase-dependent apoptosis without preceding cell cycle arrest and increased DNA-damage along with impaired DNA-repair. Our data could have clinical implications regarding tumor genotype-based cancer therapy, as inactivating POLD1 mutations have recently been identified in small subsets of colorectal and endometrial cancers. POLD1 deficiency might thus represent a predictive marker for treatment response towards ATR- or CHK1-inhibitors that are currently tested in clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Hocke
- Department of Medicine II, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Yang Guo
- Department of Medicine II, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Albert Job
- Department of Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University Hospital of Marburg, Philipps-University of Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Michael Orth
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Ziesch
- Department of Medicine II, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Kirsten Lauber
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Enrico N De Toni
- Department of Medicine II, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas M Gress
- Department of Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University Hospital of Marburg, Philipps-University of Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Herbst
- Department of Medicine II, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Burkhard Göke
- Department of Medicine II, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Eike Gallmeier
- Department of Medicine II, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany.,Department of Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University Hospital of Marburg, Philipps-University of Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Nicolas E, Golemis EA, Arora S. POLD1: Central mediator of DNA replication and repair, and implication in cancer and other pathologies. Gene 2016; 590:128-41. [PMID: 27320729 PMCID: PMC4969162 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2016.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Revised: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The evolutionarily conserved human polymerase delta (POLD1) gene encodes the large p125 subunit which provides the essential catalytic activities of polymerase δ (Polδ), mediated by 5′–3′ DNA polymerase and 3′–5′ exonuclease moieties. POLD1 associates with three smaller subunits (POLD2, POLD3, POLD4), which together with Replication Factor C and Proliferating Nuclear Cell Antigen constitute the polymerase holoenzyme. Polδ function is essential for replication, with a primary role as the replicase for the lagging strand. Polδ also has an important proofreading ability conferred by the exonuclease activity, which is critical for ensuring replicative fidelity, but also serves to repair DNA lesions arising as a result of exposure to mutagens. Polδ has been shown to be important for multiple forms of DNA repair, including nucleotide excision repair, double strand break repair, base excision repair, and mismatch repair. A growing number of studies in the past decade have linked germline and sporadic mutations in POLD1 and the other subunits of Polδ with human pathologies. Mutations in Polδ in mice and humans lead to genomic instability, mutator phenotype and tumorigenesis. The advent of genome sequencing techniques has identified damaging mutations in the proofreading domain of POLD1 as the underlying cause of some inherited cancers, and suggested that mutations in POLD1 may influence therapeutic management. In addition, mutations in POLD1 have been identified in the developmental disorders of mandibular hypoplasia, deafness, progeroid features and lipodystrophy and atypical Werner syndrome, while changes in expression or activity of POLD1 have been linked to senescence and aging. Intriguingly, some recent evidence suggests that POLD1 function may also be altered in diabetes. We provide an overview of critical Polδ activities in the context of these pathologic conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuelle Nicolas
- Program in Molecular Therapeutics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Erica A Golemis
- Program in Molecular Therapeutics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Sanjeevani Arora
- Program in Molecular Therapeutics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Wong A, Kuick CH, Wong WL, Tham JM, Mansor S, Loh E, Jain S, Vikas NN, Tan SH, Chan SH, Li ST, Chew SH, Hong W, Ngeow J. Mutation spectrum of POLE and POLD1 mutations in South East Asian women presenting with grade 3 endometrioid endometrial carcinomas. Gynecol Oncol 2015; 141:113-20. [PMID: 26748215 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2015.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Revised: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Somatic POLE mutations have been found in a subset of endometrioid ECs particularly in FIGO grade 3 tumors while POLD1 mutations are reportedly rare in ECs. While it has been suggested that POLE mutation confers good prognosis, the data remains conflicting. Our study aims to determine the mutation spectrum of somatic and germline POLE and POLD1 gene mutations in South East Asian (SEA) women with FIGO grade 3 endometrioid ECs. METHODS Forty-seven patients diagnosed with FIGO grade 3 endometrioid EC, diagnosed between 2009 and 2013 were included. Next generation sequencing (NGS) using formalin fixed embedded (FFPE) tissue was utilized to sequence tumor and matched normal tissue. Tumors were also assessed for other clinicopathologic and microsatellite status phenotype. Survival curves for pathogenic somatic POLE mutated and wild-type tumors were estimated by Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS Pathogenic POLE (somatic or germline) and POLD1 (germline) mutations were detected in 29.7% (14/47) and 4.3% (2/47) patients, respectively. Three pathogenic germline mutations; one POLE and two POLD1 mutations were novel. Pathogenic germline and somatic POLE and POLD1 mutations were associated with 100% recurrence free survival. In contrast, among the wild-type POLE and POLD1 patients, 25% (8/32) had recurrence with 15.6% (5/32) subsequently dying of the disease. Somatic POLE-mutated tumors were more commonly associated with microsatellite stable (MSS) ECs (83% vs 49%; p=0.04) and peritumoral lymphocytic infiltration (75% vs 42%; p=0.05). All tumors with tumoral infiltrating lymphocytes exhibited peritumoral lymphocytic infiltrate but not vice versa. CONCLUSION Mutations in POLE and POLD1 in SEA women with grade 3 endometrioid ECs are associated with improved recurrence free survival. Notably, germline mutations in either POLE/POLD1 were seen in 8.5% of patients who will require appropriate genetic counseling regarding risk of developing colorectal carcinoma and on the need for additional surveillance for colonic changes. MSS and peritumoral lymphocytic infiltration may be useful histological features for distinguishing POLE mutated grade 3 endometrioid ECs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adele Wong
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, 100 Bukit Timah Road, Singapore 229899, Singapore
| | - Chik Hong Kuick
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, 100 Bukit Timah Road, Singapore 229899, Singapore
| | - Wai Loong Wong
- Department of Gynaecological Oncology, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, 100 Bukit Timah Road, Singapore 229899, Singapore
| | - Jill M Tham
- Protein Trafficking and Cancer Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 61 Biopolis Drive, Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Sorsiah Mansor
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, 100 Bukit Timah Road, Singapore 229899, Singapore
| | - Eva Loh
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, 100 Bukit Timah Road, Singapore 229899, Singapore
| | - Sudhanshi Jain
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, 100 Bukit Timah Road, Singapore 229899, Singapore
| | - Nadkarni N Vikas
- Centre for Quantitative Medicine, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Sze Huey Tan
- Division of Clinical Trials and Epidemiological Sciences, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 11 Hospital Drive, Singapore 169610, Singapore
| | - Sock Hoai Chan
- Cancer Genetics Service, Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 11 Hospital Drive, Singapore 169610, Singapore
| | - Shao Tzu Li
- Cancer Genetics Service, Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 11 Hospital Drive, Singapore 169610, Singapore
| | - Sung Hock Chew
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, 100 Bukit Timah Road, Singapore 229899, Singapore
| | - Wanjin Hong
- Protein Trafficking and Cancer Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 61 Biopolis Drive, Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Joanne Ngeow
- Cancer Genetics Service, Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 11 Hospital Drive, Singapore 169610, Singapore; Oncology Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857, Singapore.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Reinier F, Zoledziewska M, Hanna D, Smith JD, Valentini M, Zara I, Berutti R, Sanna S, Oppo M, Cusano R, Satta R, Montesu MA, Jones C, Cerimele D, Nickerson DA, Angius A, Cucca F, Cottoni F, Crisponi L. Mandibular hypoplasia, deafness, progeroid features and lipodystrophy (MDPL) syndrome in the context of inherited lipodystrophies. Metabolism 2015; 64:1530-40. [PMID: 26350127 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2015.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Revised: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lipodystrophies are a large heterogeneous group of genetic or acquired disorders characterized by generalized or partial fat loss, usually associated with metabolic complications such as diabetes mellitus, hypertriglyceridemia and hepatic steatosis. Many efforts have been made in the last years in identifying the genetic etiologies of several lipodystrophy forms, although some remain to be elucidated. METHODS We report here the clinical description of a woman with a rare severe lipodystrophic and progeroid syndrome associated with hypertriglyceridemia and diabetes whose genetic bases have been clarified through whole-exome sequencing (WES) analysis. RESULTS This article reports the 5th MDPL (Mandibular hypoplasia, deafness, progeroid features, and lipodystrophy syndrome) patient with the same de novo p.S605del mutation in POLD1. We provided further genetic evidence that this is a disease-causing mutation along with a plausible molecular mechanism responsible for this recurring event. Moreover we overviewed the current classification of the inherited forms of lipodystrophy, along with their underlying molecular basis. CONCLUSIONS Progress in the identification of lipodystrophy genes will help in better understanding the role of the pathways involved in the complex physiology of fat. This will lead to new targets towards develop innovative therapeutic strategies for treating the disorder and its metabolic complications, as well as more common forms of adipose tissue redistribution as observed in the metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frederic Reinier
- Centre for Advanced Studies, Research and Development in Sardinia (CRS4), Pula, Italy; Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Magdalena Zoledziewska
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica (IRGB), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Monserrato, Italy
| | - David Hanna
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Josh D Smith
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Maria Valentini
- Centre for Advanced Studies, Research and Development in Sardinia (CRS4), Pula, Italy
| | - Ilenia Zara
- Centre for Advanced Studies, Research and Development in Sardinia (CRS4), Pula, Italy
| | - Riccardo Berutti
- Centre for Advanced Studies, Research and Development in Sardinia (CRS4), Pula, Italy
| | - Serena Sanna
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica (IRGB), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Monserrato, Italy
| | - Manuela Oppo
- Centre for Advanced Studies, Research and Development in Sardinia (CRS4), Pula, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università di Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Roberto Cusano
- Centre for Advanced Studies, Research and Development in Sardinia (CRS4), Pula, Italy
| | - Rosanna Satta
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chirurgiche, Microchirurgiche e Mediche-Dermatologia-Università di Sassari, Italy
| | - Maria Antonietta Montesu
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chirurgiche, Microchirurgiche e Mediche-Dermatologia-Università di Sassari, Italy
| | - Chris Jones
- Centre for Advanced Studies, Research and Development in Sardinia (CRS4), Pula, Italy
| | - Decio Cerimele
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chirurgiche, Microchirurgiche e Mediche-Dermatologia-Università di Sassari, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Angius
- Centre for Advanced Studies, Research and Development in Sardinia (CRS4), Pula, Italy; Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica (IRGB), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Monserrato, Italy
| | - Francesco Cucca
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica (IRGB), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Monserrato, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università di Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Francesca Cottoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chirurgiche, Microchirurgiche e Mediche-Dermatologia-Università di Sassari, Italy
| | - Laura Crisponi
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica (IRGB), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Monserrato, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Lessel D, Hisama FM, Szakszon K, Saha B, Sanjuanelo AB, Salbert BA, Steele PD, Baldwin J, Brown WT, Piussan C, Plauchu H, Szilvássy J, Horkay E, Högel J, Martin GM, Herr AJ, Oshima J, Kubisch C. POLD1 Germline Mutations in Patients Initially Diagnosed with Werner Syndrome. Hum Mutat 2015; 36:1070-9. [PMID: 26172944 DOI: 10.1002/humu.22833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Segmental progeroid syndromes are rare, heterogeneous disorders characterized by signs of premature aging affecting more than one tissue or organ. A prototypic example is the Werner syndrome (WS), caused by biallelic germline mutations in the Werner helicase gene (WRN). While heterozygous lamin A/C (LMNA) mutations are found in a few nonclassical cases of WS, another 10%-15% of patients initially diagnosed with WS do not have mutations in WRN or LMNA. Germline POLD1 mutations were recently reported in five patients with another segmental progeroid disorder: mandibular hypoplasia, deafness, progeroid features syndrome. Here, we describe eight additional patients with heterozygous POLD1 mutations, thereby substantially expanding the characterization of this new example of segmental progeroid disorders. First, we identified POLD1 mutations in patients initially diagnosed with WS. Second, we describe POLD1 mutation carriers without clinically relevant hearing impairment or mandibular underdevelopment, both previously thought to represent obligate diagnostic features. These patients also exhibit a lower incidence of metabolic abnormalities and joint contractures. Third, we document postnatal short stature and premature greying/loss of hair in POLD1 mutation carriers. We conclude that POLD1 germline mutations can result in a variably expressed and probably underdiagnosed segmental progeroid syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Davor Lessel
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Fuki M Hisama
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Katalin Szakszon
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Bidisha Saha
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | | | | | | | | | - W Ted Brown
- New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, New York
| | | | - Henri Plauchu
- Département de Génétique, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 et Hôpital Louis Pradel, Hospices Civils de Lyon, F-69977, Bron CEDEX, France
| | - Judit Szilvássy
- Department of Oto-Laryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | | | - Josef Högel
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - George M Martin
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Alan J Herr
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Junko Oshima
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Christian Kubisch
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Cao B, Zhang Z, Zhang Y, Li J, Liang G, Ling J. Effect of Smilax china L.-containing serum on the expression of POLD1 mRNA in human hepatocarcinoma SMMC-7721 cells. Exp Ther Med 2013; 6:1070-1076. [PMID: 24137319 PMCID: PMC3797306 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2013.1264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2013] [Accepted: 07/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Bock greenbrier rhizome, also known as Smilax china L. rhizome, induces heat clearing and detoxification and dispels wind dampness. Additionally, this Chinese medicine has been shown to function as an anticancer compound in various types of cancer. The aim of the present study was to investigate the mechanism by which Smilax china L.-containing serum suppresses SMMC-7721 human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell growth as well as to determine its effect on the expression of DNA polymerase δ catalytic subunit gene 1 (POLD1). SMMC-7721 human HCC cells were cultured with serum containing various amounts of Smilax china L. for 24 h. The cells were also cultured in blank serum or serum containing a drug used in Western medicine (cyclophosphamide; CTX) as a positive control. HCC cell growth and proliferation were determined using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Cell cycle distribution and apoptosis were analyzed by flow cytometry, and the expression of POLD1 mRNA was detected by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The number of cells following culture with Smilax china L.-containing serum was observed to be decreased. There was significant growth inhibition in the Smilax china L.-treated cells (shown in the high concentration serum group, volume fraction 30%), which was significantly different from the inhibition observed in the control group (P<0.05). Among the various cell cycle phases following culture, the percentage of cells in the S phase was significantly increased, and the percentage of cells in the G0/G1 phase was decreased; these percentages were significantly different from the percentages of the control cells (P<0.05). The results obtained following quantitative PCR showed a significant reduction in POLD1 expression. Smilax china L.-containing serum directly suppressed cell growth and induced the apoptosis of human HCC cells. However, the number of cells in the S phase was reduced. This mechanism is suggested to be associated with the suppression of POLD1 expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Cao
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Li YJ, Huang Y, Ruan XL, Liao LF, Wu Q, Huang WT, Xu H. Transfection of a eukaryotic vector expressing a mutant CDK4 up-regulates POLD1 expression in SMMC-7702 cells. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2012; 20:1705-1712. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v20.i19.1705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To construct a eukaryotic expression vector encoding a mutant CDK4 protein and to investigate the effect of transfection of this vector on POLD1 expression in SMMC-7702 cells.
METHODS: The mutant CDK4 gene was amplified by RT-PCR from total RNA isolated from the human hepatocarcinoma cell line SMMC-7721, digested, and inserted into the eukaryotic expression vector pEGFP-C1. The resultant recombinant plasmid was confirmed by sequencing. After the recombinant plasmid was transfected into SMMC-7702 cells using Lipofectamine 2000, the expression of fusion protein was observed by fluorescence microscopy, and expression of CDK4 and POLD1 mRNAs was detected by real-time PCR.
RESULTS: The eukaryotic expression plasmid GFP-CDK4 was successfully constructed. The mutant CDK4 gene contained 5 base mutation sites, 4 base insertions and 2 deletions, which caused 7 amino acids to change. Compared to non-tranfected cells or cells transfected with the pEGFP-C1 vector, cell proliferation was significantly higher in cells transfected with the recombinant vector (0.826 ± 0.08 vs 0.596 ± 0.06, 0.609 ± 0.10, F = 7.033, P < 0.05). The expression levels of CDK4 and POLD1 genes in cells transfected with the recombinant vector was significantly higher than those in the two control groups (1.94 ± 0 .11 vs 1.01 ± 0.00, 1.05 ± 0.12, F = 54.046, P < 0.01; 0.54 ± 0.04 vs 0.30 ± 0.07, 0.25 ± 0.06, F = 11.788, P < 0.05). Similar results were also obtained for the protein expression levels of CDK4 (0.65 ± 0.03 vs 0.41 ± 0.03, 0.39 ± 0.05, F = 14.665, P < 0.05) and P125 (0.54 ± 0.04 vs 0.30 ± 0.07, 0.25 ± 0.06, F = 11.788, P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION: Tranfection of the eukaryotic expression plasmid GFP-CDK4 significantly increases the proliferation and invasion of SMMC-7702 cells possibly by up-regulating POLD1 expression.
Collapse
|
45
|
Wei CY, Liu QL, Liao LF, Xu H, Tan XH. Effect of overexpression of wild-type p53 on POLD1 expression and malignant cell behavior in human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line SMMC-7721. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2011; 19:2443-2449. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v19.i23.2443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the impact of overexpression of wild-type p53 on cell proliferation and malignant phenotype in human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line SMMC-7721 and to explore possible mechanism involved.
METHODS: Enhanced green fluorescence protein gene-containing eukaryotic expression plasmids expressing p53-specific small interfering RNA (shRNA) (p53-siRNA) or wild-type p53 (pEGFP-p53) were constructed and introduced into SMMC-7721 cells by Lipofection-2000-mediated transfection. Meanwhile, the pEGFP-C1 empty vector was also transfected into SMMC-7721 cells. Cell lines stably expressing p53-siRNA, pEGFP-p53 or pEGFP-C1 were screened in medium containing G418. After transfection, the expression of p53 and POLD1 mRNAs was detected by RT-PCR. The changes in malignant cell behavior were determined by cell growth curve determination and colony formation assay.
RESULTS: Compared to control SMMC-7721 cells, p53 mRNA expression was increased and POLD1 gene expression was decreased in SMMC-7721 cells transfected with the plasmid carrying wild-type p53 gene, while p53 mRNA expression was reduced and POLD1 mRNA expression was increased in SMMC-7721 cells transfected with the plasmid carrying p53-siRNA. MTT results showed that cell growth rate was faster in SMMC-7721 cells transfected with the plasmid carrying p53-siRNA than in control SMMC-7721 cells, but was slower in SMMC-7721 cells transfected with the plasmid carrying wild-type p53 gene than in control cells. Colony formation assay showed that colony formation rate was lower in SMMC-7721 cells transfected with the plasmid carrying wild-type p53 gene than in control cells (38.1% vs 52.6%, P < 0.05), but was higher in cells tranfected with the plasmid carrying p53-siRNA than in control cells (72.6% vs 52.6%, P < 0.05). High expression of wild-type p53 inhibited POLD1 transcription and cell proliferation, while low expression of wild-type p53 promoted POLD1 transcription and cell proliferation.
CONCLUSION: Wild-type p53 controls liver cancer cell proliferation and malignant phenotype possibly by regulating POLD1 expression.
Collapse
|
46
|
Ruan XL, Li YJ, Wu Q, Liao LF, Xu H. P21 suppresses cell proliferation and down-regulates POLD1 expression in human gastric cancer cell line MGC-803. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2011; 19:1990-1995. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v19.i19.1990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate whether and how P21 regulates POLD1 expression in human gastric cancer cell line MGC-803 and to find new clues to blocking the malignant proliferation of cancer cells.
METHODS: MGC-803 cells were divided into three groups: blank control group (untransfected cells), negative control group (cells transfected with an empty vector pXJ41-neo), and experimental group (cells transfected with a eukaryotic expression plasmid pXJ41-p21). After transfection, cell proliferation was detected by MTT assay; cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry; and the mRNA and protein expression was detected by quantitative real-time PCR and Western blot, respectively.
RESULTS: Compared to the two control groups, cell proliferation was significantly inhibited, cell apoptosis was increased (11.36 ± 0.51 vs 7.39 ± 0.17, 7.69 ± 0.47, F = 85.338, P < 0.05), and the mRNA and protein expression of POLD1 was inhibited in the experimental group. In addition, the relative expression levels of cyclin E and Rb1 increased, that of CDK2 decreased, and that of c-myc showed little change in the experimental group when compared to the two control groups.
CONCLUSION: P21 can suppress cell proliferation and promote apoptosis in human gastric cancer cell line MGC-803. P21 can also suppress POLD1 expression possibly by regulating the expression of CDK2, cyclin E, Rb1 or other cell cycle factors in MGC-803 cells.
Collapse
|