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Gallon R, Phelps R, Hayes C, Brugieres L, Guerrini-Rousseau L, Colas C, Muleris M, Ryan NAJ, Evans DG, Grice H, Jessop E, Kunzemann-Martinez A, Marshall L, Schamschula E, Oberhuber K, Azizi AA, Baris Feldman H, Beilken A, Brauer N, Brozou T, Dahan K, Demirsoy U, Florkin B, Foulkes W, Januszkiewicz-Lewandowska D, Jones KJ, Kratz CP, Lobitz S, Meade J, Nathrath M, Pander HJ, Perne C, Ragab I, Ripperger T, Rosenbaum T, Rueda D, Sarosiek T, Sehested A, Spier I, Suerink M, Zimmermann SY, Zschocke J, Borthwick GM, Wimmer K, Burn J, Jackson MS, Santibanez-Koref M. Constitutional Microsatellite Instability, Genotype, and Phenotype Correlations in Constitutional Mismatch Repair Deficiency. Gastroenterology 2023; 164:579-592.e8. [PMID: 36586540 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2022.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Constitutional mismatch repair deficiency (CMMRD) is a rare recessive childhood cancer predisposition syndrome caused by germline mismatch repair variants. Constitutional microsatellite instability (cMSI) is a CMMRD diagnostic hallmark and may associate with cancer risk. We quantified cMSI in a large CMMRD patient cohort to explore genotype-phenotype correlations using novel MSI markers selected for instability in blood. METHODS Three CMMRD, 1 Lynch syndrome, and 2 control blood samples were genome sequenced to >120× depth. A pilot cohort of 8 CMMRD and 38 control blood samples and a blinded cohort of 56 CMMRD, 8 suspected CMMRD, 40 Lynch syndrome, and 43 control blood samples were amplicon sequenced to 5000× depth. Sample cMSI score was calculated using a published method comparing microsatellite reference allele frequencies with 80 controls. RESULTS Thirty-two mononucleotide repeats were selected from blood genome and pilot amplicon sequencing data. cMSI scoring using these MSI markers achieved 100% sensitivity (95% CI, 93.6%-100.0%) and specificity (95% CI 97.9%-100.0%), was reproducible, and was superior to an established tumor MSI marker panel. Lower cMSI scores were found in patients with CMMRD with MSH6 deficiency and patients with at least 1 mismatch repair missense variant, and patients with biallelic truncating/copy number variants had higher scores. cMSI score did not correlate with age at first tumor. CONCLUSIONS We present an inexpensive and scalable cMSI assay that enhances CMMRD detection relative to existing methods. cMSI score is associated with mismatch repair genotype but not phenotype, suggesting it is not a useful predictor of cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Gallon
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
| | - Rachel Phelps
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Christine Hayes
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Laurence Brugieres
- Department of Children and Adolescents Oncology, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Léa Guerrini-Rousseau
- Department of Children and Adolescents Oncology, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France; Team "Genomics and Oncogenesis of pediatric Brain Tumors," INSERM U981, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Chrystelle Colas
- Département de Génétique, Institut Curie, Paris, France; INSERM U830, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Martine Muleris
- Sorbonne Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
| | - Neil A J Ryan
- The Academic Women's Health Unit, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Department of Gynaecology Oncology, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - D Gareth Evans
- Division of Evolution, Infection and Genomics, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Hannah Grice
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Emily Jessop
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Annabel Kunzemann-Martinez
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; Centre for Inflammation and Tissue Repair, University College London, London, UK
| | - Lilla Marshall
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Esther Schamschula
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Klaus Oberhuber
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Amedeo A Azizi
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hagit Baris Feldman
- The Genetics Institute and Genomics Center, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Andreas Beilken
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Nina Brauer
- Pediatric Oncology, Helios-Klinikum, Krefeld, Germany
| | - Triantafyllia Brozou
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, University Children's Hospital, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Karin Dahan
- Centre de Génétique Humaine, Institut de Pathologie et Génétique, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Ugur Demirsoy
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Benoît Florkin
- Department of Pediatrics, Citadelle Hospital, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - William Foulkes
- Program in Cancer Genetics, Departments of Oncology and Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Medical Genetics, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Kristi J Jones
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Western Sydney Genetics Program, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; University of Sydney School of Medicine, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Christian P Kratz
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Stephan Lobitz
- Gemeinschaftsklinikum Mittelrhein, Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Koblenz, Germany
| | - Julia Meade
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Michaela Nathrath
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Klinikum Kassel, Kassel, Germany; Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Oncology Center, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Claudia Perne
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn and National Center for Hereditary Tumor Syndromes, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Iman Ragab
- Pediatrics Department, Hematology-Oncology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Tim Ripperger
- Department of Human Genetics, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Daniel Rueda
- Hereditary Cancer Laboratory, University Hospital Doce de Octubre, i+12 Research Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Astrid Sehested
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Isabel Spier
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn and National Center for Hereditary Tumor Syndromes, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Manon Suerink
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Stefanie-Yvonne Zimmermann
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital, University Hospital, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Johannes Zschocke
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Gillian M Borthwick
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Katharina Wimmer
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - John Burn
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Michael S Jackson
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Mauro Santibanez-Koref
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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Schamschula E, Kinzel M, Wernstedt A, Oberhuber K, Gottschling H, Schnaiter S, Friedrichs N, Merkelbach-Bruse S, Zschocke J, Gallon R, Wimmer K. Teenage-Onset Colorectal Cancers in a Digenic Cancer Predisposition Syndrome Provide Clues for the Interaction between Mismatch Repair and Polymerase δ Proofreading Deficiency in Tumorigenesis. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12101350. [PMID: 36291559 PMCID: PMC9599501 DOI: 10.3390/biom12101350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) in adolescents and young adults (AYA) is very rare. Known predisposition syndromes include Lynch syndrome (LS) due to highly penetrant MLH1 and MSH2 alleles, familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), constitutional mismatch-repair deficiency (CMMRD), and polymerase proofreading-associated polyposis (PPAP). Yet, 60% of AYA-CRC cases remain unexplained. In two teenage siblings with multiple adenomas and CRC, we identified a maternally inherited heterozygous PMS2 exon 12 deletion, NM_000535.7:c.2007-786_2174+493del1447, and a paternally inherited POLD1 variant, NP_002682.2:p.Asp316Asn. Comprehensive molecular tumor analysis revealed ultra-mutation (>100 Mut/Mb) and a large contribution of COSMIC signature SBS20 in both siblings’ CRCs, confirming their predisposition to AYA-CRC results from a high propensity for somatic MMR deficiency (MMRd) compounded by a constitutional Pol δ proofreading defect. COSMIC signature SBS20 as well as SBS26 in the index patient’s CRC were associated with an early mutation burst, suggesting MMRd was an early event in tumorigenesis. The somatic second hits in PMS2 were through loss of heterozygosity (LOH) in both tumors, suggesting PPd-independent acquisition of MMRd. Taken together, these patients represent the first cases of cancer predisposition due to heterozygous variants in PMS2 and POLD1. Analysis of their CRCs supports that POLD1-mutated tumors acquire hypermutation only with concurrent MMRd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Schamschula
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medizinische Universität Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Miriam Kinzel
- Medicover Humangenetik—Berlin-Lichtenberg, 10315 Berlin, Germany
| | - Annekatrin Wernstedt
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medizinische Universität Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Klaus Oberhuber
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medizinische Universität Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Hendrik Gottschling
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medizinische Universität Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Simon Schnaiter
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medizinische Universität Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | | | - Johannes Zschocke
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medizinische Universität Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Richard Gallon
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Katharina Wimmer
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medizinische Universität Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Correspondence:
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3
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Witsch-Baumgartner M, Schwaninger G, Schnaiter S, Kollmann F, Burkhard S, Gröbner R, Mühlegger B, Schamschula E, Kirchmeier P, Zschocke J. Array genotyping as diagnostic approach in medical genetics. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2022; 10:e2016. [PMID: 35912641 PMCID: PMC9482391 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Genotyping arrays are by far the most widely used genetic tests but are not generally utilized for diagnostic purposes in a medical context. In the present study, we examined the diagnostic value of a standard genotyping array (Illumina Global Screening Array) for a range of indications. Applications included stand‐alone testing for specific variants (32 variants in 10 genes), first‐tier array variant screening for monogenic conditions (10 different autosomal recessive metabolic diseases), and diagnostic workup for specific conditions caused by variants in multiple genes (suspected familial breast and ovarian cancer, and hypercholesterolemia). Our analyses showed a high analytical sensitivity and specificity of array‐based analyses for validated and non‐validated variants, and identified pitfalls that require attention. Ethical‐legal assessment highlighted the need for a software solution that allows for individual indication‐based consent and the reliable exclusion of non‐consented results. Cost/time assessment revealed excellent performance of diagnostic array analyses, depending on indication, proband data, and array design. We have implemented some analyses in our diagnostic portfolio, but array optimization is required for the implementation of other indications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gunda Schwaninger
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Simon Schnaiter
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Franziska Kollmann
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Silja Burkhard
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Rebekka Gröbner
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Beatrix Mühlegger
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Esther Schamschula
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Johannes Zschocke
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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4
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Schamschula E, Lahnsteiner A, Assenov Y, Hagmann W, Zaborsky N, Wiederstein M, Strobl A, Stanke F, Muley T, Plass C, Tümmler B, Risch A. Disease-related blood-based differential methylation in cystic fibrosis and its representation in lung cancer revealed a regulatory locus in PKP3 in lung epithelial cells. Epigenetics 2021; 17:837-860. [PMID: 34415821 PMCID: PMC9423854 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2021.1959976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a monogenic disease, characterized by massive chronic lung inflammation. The observed variability in clinical phenotypes in monozygotic CF twins is likely associated with the extent of inflammation. This study sought to investigate inflammation-related aberrant DNA methylation in CF twins and to determine to what extent acquired methylation changes may be associated with lung cancer. Blood-based genome-wide DNA methylation analysis was performed to compare the DNA methylomes of monozygotic twins, from the European CF Twin and Sibling Study with various degrees of disease severity. Putatively inflammation-related and differentially methylated positions were selected from a large lung cancer case-control study and investigated in blood by targeted bisulphite next-generation-sequencing. An inflammation-related locus located in the Plakophilin-3 (PKP3) gene was functionally analysed regarding promoter and enhancer activity in presence and absence of methylation using luciferase reporter assays. We confirmed in a unique cohort that monozygotic twins, even if clinically discordant, have only minor differences in global DNA methylation patterns and blood cell composition. Further, we determined the most differentially methylated positions, a high proportion of which are blood cell-type-specific, whereas others may be acquired and thus have potential relevance in the context of inflammation as lung cancer risk factors. We identified a sequence in the gene body of PKP3 which is hypermethylated in blood from CF twins with severe phenotype and highly variably methylated in lung cancer patients and controls, independent of known clinical parameters, and showed that this region exhibits methylation-dependent promoter activity in lung epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yassen Assenov
- Division of Cancer Epigenomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Hagmann
- Division of Cancer Epigenomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nadja Zaborsky
- Department of Internal Medicine III with Haematology, Medical Oncology, Haemostaseology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Oncologic Center, Salzburg Cancer Research Institute - Laboratory for Immunological and Molecular Cancer Research (SCRI-LIMCR), Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.,Cancer Cluster Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | | | - Anna Strobl
- Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Frauke Stanke
- Clinical Research Group, Clinic for Pediatric Pneumology, Allergology and NeonatologyClinic for Pediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover, Germany.,Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), German Center for Lung Research, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas Muley
- Translational Research Unit, Thoraxklinik Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, Germany.,Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC-H), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christoph Plass
- Division of Cancer Epigenomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC-H), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Burkhard Tümmler
- Clinical Research Group, Clinic for Pediatric Pneumology, Allergology and NeonatologyClinic for Pediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover, Germany.,Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), German Center for Lung Research, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Angela Risch
- Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria.,Division of Cancer Epigenomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Cancer Cluster Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria.,Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC-H), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
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5
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Heregger R, Huemer F, Hutarew G, Hecht S, Cheveresan L, Kotzot D, Schamschula E, Rinnerthaler G, Melchardt T, Weiss L, Greil R. Sustained response to brigatinib in a patient with refractory metastatic pheochromocytoma harboring R1192P anaplastic lymphoma kinase mutation: a case report from the Austrian Group Medical Tumor Therapy next-generation sequencing registry and discussion of the literature. ESMO Open 2021; 6:100233. [PMID: 34371380 PMCID: PMC8358412 DOI: 10.1016/j.esmoop.2021.100233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastatic pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma (PPGL) are rare diseases with dismal prognosis and standard therapies are lacking. We herein report the first case of a germline anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) mutation in a patient with chemorefractory metastatic pheochromocytoma in the absence of mutations of known PPGL-associated predisposing genes. Therapy with the ALK inhibitor (ALKi) brigatinib led to dramatic and durable disease remission, despite previous disease progression on the ALKi alectinib. This case underscores the potential clinical use of molecular profiling in rare diseases with limited treatment options and suggests that the ALK-R1192P point mutation might predict sensitivity to brigatinib. First case of a germline ALK mutation in a patient with metastatic pheochromocytoma. Durable response to the ALKi brigatinib after disease progression on combination chemotherapy and alectinib. A germline ALK mutation in a patient with pheochromocytoma in the absence of mutations of known PPGL-associated genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Heregger
- Department of Internal Medicine III with Haematology, Medical Oncology, Haemostaseology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Oncologic Center, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - F Huemer
- Department of Internal Medicine III with Haematology, Medical Oncology, Haemostaseology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Oncologic Center, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - G Hutarew
- Institute of Pathology, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - S Hecht
- Institute of Radiology, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - L Cheveresan
- Department of Internal Medicine III with Haematology, Medical Oncology, Haemostaseology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Oncologic Center, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - D Kotzot
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - E Schamschula
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - G Rinnerthaler
- Department of Internal Medicine III with Haematology, Medical Oncology, Haemostaseology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Oncologic Center, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria; Cancer Cluster Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria; Austrian Group Medical Tumor Therapy, Vienna, Austria
| | - T Melchardt
- Department of Internal Medicine III with Haematology, Medical Oncology, Haemostaseology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Oncologic Center, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria; Austrian Group Medical Tumor Therapy, Vienna, Austria; Salzburg Cancer Research Institute-Laboratory for Immunological and Molecular Cancer Research (SCRI-LIMCR), Salzburg, Austria
| | - L Weiss
- Department of Internal Medicine III with Haematology, Medical Oncology, Haemostaseology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Oncologic Center, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria; Cancer Cluster Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria; Austrian Group Medical Tumor Therapy, Vienna, Austria
| | - R Greil
- Department of Internal Medicine III with Haematology, Medical Oncology, Haemostaseology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Oncologic Center, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria; Cancer Cluster Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria; Austrian Group Medical Tumor Therapy, Vienna, Austria; Salzburg Cancer Research Institute-Laboratory for Immunological and Molecular Cancer Research (SCRI-LIMCR), Salzburg, Austria.
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6
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Schamschula E, Hagmann W, Assenov Y, Hedtfeld S, Farag AK, Roesner LM, Wiehlmann L, Stanke F, Fischer S, Risch A, Tümmler B. Immunotyping of clinically divergent p.Phe508del homozygous monozygous cystic fibrosis twins. J Cyst Fibros 2020; 20:149-153. [PMID: 32540173 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2020.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Blood of the three clinically most concordant and most discordant p.Phe508del homozygous monozygous twin pairs of the European Cystic Fibrosis Twin and Sibling Study was examined in two postzygotic attributes that generate diversity between monozygous twins, i.e. the repertoire of the CDR3 region of the T-cell receptor ß chains and the DNA methylation at 450,000 genomic CpG sites. Methylation patterns in peripheral blood of twins changed at selected cell-type-independent positions and the immune cells of the twins showed individual profiles of the T cell receptor repertoire reflecting the plasticity of the immune system of genetically identical humans with cystic fibrosis to cope with the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Schamschula
- Department of Biosciences, Paris Lodron University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Hagmann
- Division of Epigenomics, DKFZ - German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yassen Assenov
- Division of Epigenomics, DKFZ - German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Silke Hedtfeld
- Clinic for Pediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ahmed K Farag
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Division of Immunodermatology and Allergy Research, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Lennart M Roesner
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Division of Immunodermatology and Allergy Research, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Lutz Wiehlmann
- Clinic for Pediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Research Core Unit Genomics, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Frauke Stanke
- Clinic for Pediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), German Center for Lung Research, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Sebastian Fischer
- Clinic for Pediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Angela Risch
- Department of Biosciences, Paris Lodron University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria; Division of Epigenomics, DKFZ - German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC-H), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Burkhard Tümmler
- Clinic for Pediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), German Center for Lung Research, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
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Wimmer K, Schamschula E, Wernstedt A, Traunfellner P, Amberger A, Zschocke J, Kroisel P, Chen Y, Callens T, Messiaen L. AG-exclusion zone revisited: Lessons to learn from 91 intronic NF1 3' splice site mutations outside the canonical AG-dinucleotides. Hum Mutat 2020; 41:1145-1156. [PMID: 32126153 PMCID: PMC7317903 DOI: 10.1002/humu.24005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 01/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Uncovering frequent motives of action by which variants impair 3′ splice site (3′ss) recognition and selection is essential to improve our understanding of this complex process. Through several mini‐gene experiments, we demonstrate that the pyrimidine (Y) to purine (R) transversion NM_000267.3(NF1):c.1722‐11T>G, although expected to weaken the polypyrimidine tract, causes exon skipping primarily by introducing a novel AG in the AG‐exclusion zone (AGEZ) between the authentic 3′ss AG and the branch point. Evaluation of 90 additional noncanonical intronic NF1 3′ss mutations confirmed that 63% of all mutations and 89% (49/55) of the single‐nucleotide variants upstream of positions ‐3 interrupt the AGEZ. Of these AGEZ‐interrupting mutations, 24/49 lead to exon skipping suggesting that absence of AG in this region is necessary for accurate 3′ss selection already in the initial steps of splicing. The analysis of 91 noncanonical NF1 3′ss mutations also shows that 90% either introduce a novel AG in the AGEZ, cause a Y>R transversion at position ‐3 or remove ≥2 Ys in the AGEZ. We confirm in a validation cohort that these three motives distinguish spliceogenic from splice‐neutral variants with 85% accuracy and, therefore, are generally applicable to select among variants of unknown significance those likely to affect splicing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Wimmer
- Institute of Human Genetics, Department of Genetics and Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Esther Schamschula
- Institute of Human Genetics, Department of Genetics and Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Annekatrin Wernstedt
- Institute of Human Genetics, Department of Genetics and Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Pia Traunfellner
- Institute of Human Genetics, Department of Genetics and Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Albert Amberger
- Institute of Human Genetics, Department of Genetics and Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Johannes Zschocke
- Institute of Human Genetics, Department of Genetics and Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Peter Kroisel
- Diagnostic & Research Institute of Human Genetics, Diagnostic & Research Center for Molecular BioMedicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Yunjia Chen
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Tom Callens
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Ludwine Messiaen
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
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