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Liszka A, Wightman R, Latowski D, Bourdon M, Krogh KBRM, Pietrzykowski M, Lyczakowski JJ. Structural differences of cell walls in earlywood and latewood of Pinus sylvestris and their contribution to biomass recalcitrance. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1283093. [PMID: 38148867 PMCID: PMC10749964 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1283093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) is an evergreen coniferous tree with wide distribution and good growth performance in a range of habitats. Therefore, wood from P. sylvestris is produced in many managed forests and is frequently used in industry. Despite the importance of pine wood, we still do not fully understand its molecular structure what limits improvements in its processing. One of the basic features leading to variation in wood properties is the presence of earlywood and latewood which form annual growth rings. Here, we characterise biochemical traits that differentiate cell walls of earlywood and latewood in Scots pine. We discover that latewood is less recalcitrant to enzymatic digestion, with galactoglucomannan showing particularly pronounced difference in accessibility. Interestingly, characterisation of lignin reveals a higher proportion of coniferaldehydes in pine latewood and suggests the presence of a different linkage landscape in this wood type. With complementary analysis of wood polysaccharides this enabled us to propose the first detailed molecular model of earlywood and latewood and to conclude that the variation in lignin structure is likely the main determinant of differences in recalcitrance observed between the two wood types in pine. Our discoveries lay the foundation for improvements in industrial processes that use pine wood since we show clear pathways for increasing the efficiency of enzymatic processing of this renewable material. Our work will help guide future breeding of pine trees with desired timber properties and can help link molecular structure of softwood cell walls to function of the different types of xylem in conifers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Liszka
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
- Jagiellonian University, Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Raymond Wightman
- Microscopy Core Facility, Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Dariusz Latowski
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Matthieu Bourdon
- Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Marcin Pietrzykowski
- Department of Ecological Engineering and Forest Hydrology, Faculty of Forestry, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Jan J. Lyczakowski
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
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Blervacq AS, Moreau M, Duputié A, De Waele I, Duponchel L, Hawkins S. Raman spectroscopy mapping of changes in the organization and relative quantities of cell wall polymers in bast fiber cell walls of flax plants exposed to gravitropic stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:976351. [PMID: 36072316 PMCID: PMC9442035 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.976351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Flax is an important fiber crop that is subject to lodging. In order to gain more information about the potential role of the bast fiber cell wall in the return to the vertical position, 6-week-old flax plants were subjected to a long-term (6 week) gravitropic stress by stem tilting in an experimental set-up that excluded autotropism. Stress induced significant morphometric changes (lumen surface, lumen diameter, and cell wall thickness and lumen surface/total fiber surface ratio) in pulling- and opposite-side fibers compared to control fibers. Changes in the relative amounts and spatial distribution of cell wall polymers in flax bast fibers were determined by Raman vibrational spectroscopy. Following spectra acquisition, datasets (control, pulling- and opposite sides) were analyzed by principal component analysis, PC score imaging, and Raman chemical cartography of significant chemical bonds. Our results show that gravitropic stress induces discrete but significant changes in the composition and/or spatial organization of cellulose, hemicelluloses and lignin within the cell walls of both pulling side and opposite side fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Sophie Blervacq
- Université de Lille, Sciences et Technologies, CNRS, UMR 8576 - UGSF - Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, Lille, France
| | - Myriam Moreau
- Université de Lille, Sciences et Technologies, CNRS, UMR 8516 - LASIRE - Laboratoire de Spectroscopie pour les Interactions, la Réactivité et l’Environnement, Plateforme FT-Raman, Lille, France
| | - Anne Duputié
- Université de Lille, Sciences et Technologies, CNRS, UMR 8198 - EEP - Evo-Eco-Paléo, Lille, France
| | - Isabelle De Waele
- Université de Lille, Sciences et Technologies, CNRS, UMR 8516 - LASIRE - Laboratoire de Spectroscopie pour les Interactions, la Réactivité et l’Environnement, Plateforme FT-Raman, Lille, France
| | - Ludovic Duponchel
- Université de Lille, Sciences et Technologies, CNRS, UMR 8516 - LASIRE – Laboratoire de Spectroscopie pour les Interactions, la Réactivité et l’Environnement, Lille, France
| | - Simon Hawkins
- Université de Lille, Sciences et Technologies, CNRS, UMR 8576 - UGSF - Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, Lille, France
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Zhang B, Sztojka B, Seyfferth C, Escamez S, Miskolczi P, Chantreau M, Bakó L, Delhomme N, Gorzsás A, Bhalerao RP, Tuominen H. The chromatin-modifying protein HUB2 is involved in the regulation of lignin composition in xylem vessels. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:5484-5494. [PMID: 32479638 PMCID: PMC7501814 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
PIRIN2 (PRN2) was earlier reported to suppress syringyl (S)-type lignin accumulation of xylem vessels of Arabidopsis thaliana. In the present study, we report yeast two-hybrid results supporting the interaction of PRN2 with HISTONE MONOUBIQUITINATION2 (HUB2) in Arabidopsis. HUB2 has been previously implicated in several plant developmental processes, but not in lignification. Interaction between PRN2 and HUB2 was verified by β-galactosidase enzymatic and co-immunoprecipitation assays. HUB2 promoted the deposition of S-type lignin in the secondary cell walls of both stem and hypocotyl tissues, as analysed by pyrolysis-GC/MS. Chemical fingerprinting of individual xylem vessel cell walls by Raman and Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy supported the function of HUB2 in lignin deposition. These results, together with a genetic analysis of the hub2 prn2 double mutant, support the antagonistic function of PRN2 and HUB2 in deposition of S-type lignin. Transcriptome analyses indicated the opposite regulation of the S-type lignin biosynthetic gene FERULATE-5-HYDROXYLASE1 by PRN2 and HUB2 as the underlying mechanism. PRN2 and HUB2 promoter activities co-localized in cells neighbouring the xylem vessel elements, suggesting that the S-type lignin-promoting function of HUB2 is antagonized by PRN2 for the benefit of the guaiacyl (G)-type lignin enrichment of the neighbouring xylem vessel elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhang
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Bernadette Sztojka
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Carolin Seyfferth
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Sacha Escamez
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Pál Miskolczi
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Maxime Chantreau
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - László Bakó
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Nicolas Delhomme
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Rishikesh P Bhalerao
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Hannele Tuominen
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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Zhang B, Sztojka B, Escamez S, Vanholme R, Hedenström M, Wang Y, Turumtay H, Gorzsás A, Boerjan W, Tuominen H. PIRIN2 suppresses S-type lignin accumulation in a noncell-autonomous manner in Arabidopsis xylem elements. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 225:1923-1935. [PMID: 31625609 PMCID: PMC7027918 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
PIRIN (PRN) genes encode cupin domain-containing proteins that function as transcriptional co-regulators in humans but that are poorly described in plants. A previous study in xylogenic cell cultures of Zinnia elegans suggested a role for a PRN protein in lignification. This study aimed to identify the function of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) PRN proteins in lignification of xylem tissues. Chemical composition of the secondary cell walls was analysed in Arabidopsis stems and/or hypocotyls by pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, 2D-nuclear magnetic resonance and phenolic profiling. Secondary cell walls of individual xylem elements were chemotyped by Fourier transform infrared and Raman microspectroscopy. Arabidopsis PRN2 suppressed accumulation of S-type lignin in Arabidopsis stems and hypocotyls. PRN2 promoter activity and PRN2:GFP fusion protein were localised specifically in cells next to the vessel elements, suggesting a role for PRN2 in noncell-autonomous lignification of xylem vessels. Accordingly, PRN2 modulated lignin chemistry in the secondary cell walls of the neighbouring vessel elements. These results indicate that PRN2 suppresses S-type lignin accumulation in the neighbourhood of xylem vessels to bestow G-type enriched lignin composition on the secondary cell walls of the vessel elements. Gene expression analyses suggested that PRN2 function is mediated by regulation of the expression of the lignin-biosynthetic genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhang
- Department of Plant PhysiologyUmeå Plant Science CentreUmeå UniversityS‐901 87UmeåSweden
| | - Bernadette Sztojka
- Department of Plant PhysiologyUmeå Plant Science CentreUmeå UniversityS‐901 87UmeåSweden
| | - Sacha Escamez
- Department of Plant PhysiologyUmeå Plant Science CentreUmeå UniversityS‐901 87UmeåSweden
| | - Ruben Vanholme
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and BioinformaticsGhent UniversityTechnologiepark 719052GhentBelgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems BiologyTechnologiepark 719052GhentBelgium
| | | | - Yin Wang
- Department of Plant PhysiologyUmeå Plant Science CentreUmeå UniversityS‐901 87UmeåSweden
| | - Halbay Turumtay
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and BioinformaticsGhent UniversityTechnologiepark 719052GhentBelgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems BiologyTechnologiepark 719052GhentBelgium
| | - András Gorzsás
- Department of ChemistryUmeå UniversityS‐901 87UmeåSweden
| | - Wout Boerjan
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and BioinformaticsGhent UniversityTechnologiepark 719052GhentBelgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems BiologyTechnologiepark 719052GhentBelgium
| | - Hannele Tuominen
- Department of Plant PhysiologyUmeå Plant Science CentreUmeå UniversityS‐901 87UmeåSweden
- Present address:
Umeå Plant science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant PhysiologyThe Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences90183UmeåSweden
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Zhao Y, Man Y, Wen J, Guo Y, Lin J. Advances in Imaging Plant Cell Walls. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 24:867-878. [PMID: 31257154 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2019.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Understanding of cell wall architecture, including the crosslinking of cell wall polymers, provides crucial information for elucidating the relationship between cell wall structure and cell function. Moreover, examination of the cell wall informs efforts to improve biomass breakdown in bioreactor conditions. Over the past decades, imaging techniques have been used extensively to reveal the structural organization and chemical composition of cell walls, but detailed imaging of the native composition and architecture of the cell wall remains challenging. Here, we review progress in the development of cell wall imaging techniques. In particular, we focus on several advanced, label-free techniques for imaging cell walls and their potential applications in investigation of the biological functions of plant cell walls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Zhao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yi Man
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jialong Wen
- Beijing Key laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yayu Guo
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jinxing Lin
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
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