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Genth J, Schäfer K, Cassidy L, Graspeuntner S, Rupp J, Tholey A. Identification of proteoforms of short open reading frame-encoded peptides in Blautia producta under different cultivation conditions. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0252823. [PMID: 37782090 PMCID: PMC10715070 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02528-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE The identification of short open reading frame-encoded peptides (SEP) and different proteoforms in single cultures of gut microbes offers new insights into a largely neglected part of the microbial proteome landscape. This is of particular importance as SEP provide various predicted functions, such as acting as antimicrobial peptides, maintaining cell homeostasis under stress conditions, or even contributing to the virulence pattern. They are, thus, taking a poorly understood role in structure and function of microbial networks in the human body. A better understanding of SEP in the context of human health requires a precise understanding of the abundance of SEP both in commensal microbes as well as pathogens. For the gut beneficial B. producta, we demonstrate the importance of specific environmental conditions for biosynthesis of SEP expanding previous findings about their role in microbial interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerome Genth
- Systematic Proteome Research & Bioanalytics, Institute for Experimental Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Kathrin Schäfer
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Liam Cassidy
- Systematic Proteome Research & Bioanalytics, Institute for Experimental Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Simon Graspeuntner
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Jan Rupp
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Andreas Tholey
- Systematic Proteome Research & Bioanalytics, Institute for Experimental Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany
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2
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He J, Fu T, Zhang L, Wanrong Gao L, Rensel M, Remage-Healey L, White SA, Gedman G, Whitelegge J, Xiao X, Schlinger BA. Improved zebra finch brain transcriptome identifies novel proteins with sex differences. Gene 2022; 843:146803. [PMID: 35961439 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The zebra finch (Taeniopygia guttata), a representative oscine songbird species, has been widely studied to investigate behavioral neuroscience, most notably the neurobiological basis of vocal learning, a rare trait shared in only a few animal groups including humans. In 2019, an updated zebra finch genome annotation (bTaeGut1_v1.p) was released from the Ensembl database and is substantially more comprehensive than the first version published in 2010. In this study, we utilized the publicly available RNA-seq data generated from Illumina-based short-reads and PacBio single-molecule real-time (SMRT) long-reads to assess the bird transcriptome. To analyze the high-throughput RNA-seq data, we adopted a hybrid bioinformatic approach combining short and long-read pipelines. From our analysis, we added 220 novel genes and 8,134 transcript variants to the Ensembl annotation, and predicted a new proteome based on the refined annotation. We further validated 18 different novel proteins by using mass-spectrometry data generated from zebra finch caudal telencephalon tissue. Our results provide additional resources for future studies of zebra finches utilizing this improved bird genome annotation and proteome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyan He
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles 90095, United States
| | - Ting Fu
- Molecular, Cellular and Integrative Physiology Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles 90095, United States
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles 90095, United States
| | - Lucy Wanrong Gao
- The Pasarow Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, The Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Brain Research Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles 90095, United States
| | - Michelle Rensel
- The Institute for Society and Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles 90095, United States
| | - Luke Remage-Healey
- Center for Neuroendocrine Studies, Neuroscience and Behavior, 639 N. Pleasant St, Morrill IVN Neuroscience, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, United States
| | - Stephanie A White
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles 90095, United States
| | - Gregory Gedman
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles 90095, United States
| | - Julian Whitelegge
- The Pasarow Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, The Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Brain Research Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles 90095, United States
| | - Xinshu Xiao
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles 90095, United States
| | - Barney A Schlinger
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles 90095, United States.
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3
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Meier-Credo J, Preiss L, Wüllenweber I, Resemann A, Nordmann C, Zabret J, Suckau D, Michel H, Nowaczyk MM, Meier T, Langer JD. Top-Down Identification and Sequence Analysis of Small Membrane Proteins Using MALDI-MS/MS. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2022; 33:1293-1302. [PMID: 35758524 PMCID: PMC9264385 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.2c00102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Identification and sequence determination by mass spectrometry have become routine analyses for soluble proteins. Membrane proteins, however, remain challenging targets due to their hydrophobicity and poor annotation. In particular small membrane proteins often remain unnoticed as they are largely inaccessible to Bottom-Up proteomics. Recent advances in structural biology, though, have led to multiple membrane protein complex structures being determined at sufficiently high resolution to detect uncharacterized, small subunits. In this work we offer a guide for the mass spectrometric characterization of solvent extraction-based purifications of small membrane proteins isolated from protein complexes and cellular membranes. We first demonstrate our Top-Down MALDI-MS/MS approach on a Photosystem II preparation, analyzing target protein masses between 2.5 and 9 kDa with high accuracy and sensitivity. Then we apply our technique to purify and sequence the mycobacterial ATP synthase c subunit, the molecular target of the antibiotic drug bedaquiline. We show that our approach can be used to directly track and pinpoint single amino acid mutations that lead to antibiotic resistance in only 4 h. While not applicable as a high-throughput pipeline, our MALDI-MS/MS and ISD-based approach can identify and provide valuable sequence information on small membrane proteins, which are inaccessible to conventional Bottom-Up techniques. We show that our approach can be used to unambiguously identify single-point mutations leading to antibiotic resistance in mycobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Meier-Credo
- Proteomics, Max Planck Institute of Biophysics, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 3, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Proteomics, Max
Planck Institute for Brain Research, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 4, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Laura Preiss
- Structural
Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biophysics, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 3, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Imke Wüllenweber
- Proteomics, Max Planck Institute of Biophysics, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 3, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Proteomics, Max
Planck Institute for Brain Research, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 4, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Anja Resemann
- Bruker
Daltonics GmbH & Co. KG, Fahrenheitstrasse 4, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Christoph Nordmann
- Bruker
Daltonics GmbH & Co. KG, Fahrenheitstrasse 4, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Jure Zabret
- Department
of Plant Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Detlev Suckau
- Bruker
Daltonics GmbH & Co. KG, Fahrenheitstrasse 4, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Hartmut Michel
- Molecular
Membrane Biology, Max Planck Institute of
Biophysics, Max-von-Laue-Strasse
3, 60438 Frankfurt
am Main, Germany
| | - Marc M. Nowaczyk
- Department
of Plant Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Thomas Meier
- Department
of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, SW7 2AZ London, United Kingdom
| | - Julian D. Langer
- Proteomics, Max Planck Institute of Biophysics, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 3, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Proteomics, Max
Planck Institute for Brain Research, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 4, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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4
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Brown KA, Anderson C, Reilly L, Sondhi K, Ge Y, Eckhardt LL. Proteomic Analysis of the Functional Inward Rectifier Potassium Channel (Kir) 2.1 Reveals Several Novel Phosphorylation Sites. Biochemistry 2021; 60:3292-3301. [PMID: 34676745 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.1c00555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Membrane proteins represent a large family of proteins that perform vital physiological roles and represent key drug targets. Despite their importance, bioanalytical methods aiming to comprehensively characterize the post-translational modification (PTM) of membrane proteins remain challenging compared to other classes of proteins in part because of their inherent low expression and hydrophobicity. The inward rectifier potassium channel (Kir) 2.1, an integral membrane protein, is critical for the maintenance of the resting membrane potential and phase-3 repolarization of the cardiac action potential in the heart. The importance of this channel to cardiac physiology is highlighted by the recognition of several sudden arrhythmic death syndromes, Andersen-Tawil and short QT syndromes, which are associated with loss or gain of function mutations in Kir2.1, often triggered by changes in the β-adrenergic tone. Therefore, understanding the PTMs of this channel (particularly β-adrenergic tone-driven phosphorylation) is important for arrhythmia prevention. Here, we developed a proteomic method, integrating both top-down (intact protein) and bottom-up (after enzymatic digestion) proteomic analyses, to characterize the PTMs of recombinant wild-type and mutant Kir2.1, successfully mapping five novel sites of phosphorylation and confirming a sixth site. Our study provides a framework for future work to assess the role of PTMs in regulating Kir2.1 functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle A Brown
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States.,Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Corey Anderson
- Cellular and Molecular Arrhythmia Research Program, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Louise Reilly
- Cellular and Molecular Arrhythmia Research Program, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Kunal Sondhi
- Cellular and Molecular Arrhythmia Research Program, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Ying Ge
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States.,Human Proteomics Program, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Lee L Eckhardt
- Cellular and Molecular Arrhythmia Research Program, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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5
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Kalinec GM, Gao L, Cohn W, Whitelegge JP, Faull KF, Kalinec F. Extracellular Vesicles From Auditory Cells as Nanocarriers for Anti-inflammatory Drugs and Pro-resolving Mediators. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:530. [PMID: 31849615 PMCID: PMC6895008 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug- and noise-related hearing loss are both associated with inflammatory responses in the inner ear. We propose that intracochlear delivery of a combination of pro-resolving mediators, specialized proteins and lipids that accelerate the return to homeostasis by modifying the immune response rather than by inhibiting inflammation, might have a profound effect on the prevention of sensorineural hearing loss. However, intracochlear delivery of such agents requires a reliable and effective method to convey them, fully active, directly to the target cells. The present study provides evidence that extracellular vesicles (EVs) from auditory HEI-OC1 cells may incorporate significant quantities of anti-inflammatory drugs, pro-resolving mediators and their polyunsaturated fatty acid precursors as cargo, and potentially could work as carriers for their intracochlear delivery. EVs generated by HEI-OC1 cells were divided by size into two fractions, small (≤150 nm diameter) and large (>150 nm diameter), and loaded with aspirin, lipoxin A4, resolvin D1, and the polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) arachidonic, eicosapentaenoic, docosahexanoic, and linoleic. Bottom-up proteomics revealed a differential distribution of selected proteins between small and large vesicles. Only 17.4% of these proteins were present in both fractions, whereas 61.5% were unique to smaller vesicles and only 3.7% were exclusively found in the larger ones. Importantly, the pro-resolving protein mediators Annexin A1 and Galectins 1 and 3 were only detected in small vesicles. Lipidomic studies, on the other hand, showed that small vesicles contained higher levels of eicosanoids than large ones and, although all of them incorporated the drugs and molecules investigated, small vesicles were more efficiently loaded with PUFA and the large ones with aspirin, LXA4 and resolvin D1. Importantly, our data indicate that the vesicles contain all necessary enzymatic components for the de novo generation of eicosanoids from fatty acid precursors, including pro-inflammatory agents, suggesting that their cargo should be carefully tailored to avoid interference with their therapeutic purpose. Altogether, these results support the idea that both small and large EVs from auditory HEI-OC1 cells could be used as nanocarriers for anti-inflammatory drugs and pro-resolving mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilda M Kalinec
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Lucy Gao
- Pasarow Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Whitaker Cohn
- Pasarow Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Julian P Whitelegge
- Pasarow Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Kym F Faull
- Pasarow Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Federico Kalinec
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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6
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Nally JE, Hornsby RL, Alt DP, Whitelegge JP. Phenotypic and proteomic characterization of treponemes associated with bovine digital dermatitis. Vet Microbiol 2019; 235:35-42. [PMID: 31282377 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2019.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Bovine digital dermatitis (BDD) is a multifactorial polymicrobial infectious disease associated with multiple species and phylotypes of treponemes. However, despite the abundance of molecular signatures for treponemes that are identified in bovine lesions, relatively few isolates are cultured, and even fewer have been characterized at the level of protein expression. Here we report the successful isolation and characterization of novel strains of T. brennaborense and T. phagedenis from cases of BDD in Iowa dairy cows, and compare them to a well characterized strain of T. phagedenis, and the type strain of the more recently recognized T. pedis. Propagation of T. brennaborense was only possible at room temperature in Cooked Meat Medium, and not in oral treponeme enrichment medium at 37 °C as used for T. phagedenis and T. pedis. A prominent and rapid motility is observed by T. brennaborense under dark-field microscopy. The highly motile T. brennaborense strain 11-3 has an identical enzymatic profile to that of the only other isolate of T. brennaborense to be cultured from a lesion of BDD. Outer membrane protein profiles of each strain were compared by 2-D gel electrophoresis, and the five most abundant proteins in each strain were identified by mass spectrometry. All identified proteins are predicted to have signal peptides. Results identified outer membrane proteins specific to each strain including predicted membrane lipoproteins, ABC transporters and, as yet, uncharacterized proteins. Collectively, our results provide for the identification and characterization of outer membrane components of multiple phylotypes of treponemes associated with BDD which can facilitate development of vaccines and diagnostics in our efforts to eradicate the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarlath E Nally
- Infectious Bacterial Diseases Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA, USA.
| | - Richard L Hornsby
- Infectious Bacterial Diseases Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA, USA
| | - David P Alt
- Infectious Bacterial Diseases Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Julian P Whitelegge
- The Pasarow Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, The Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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7
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Kalinec GM, Cohn W, Whitelegge JP, Faull KF, Kalinec F. Preliminary Characterization of Extracellular Vesicles From Auditory HEI-OC1 Cells. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 2019; 128:52S-60S. [DOI: 10.1177/0003489419836226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: Isolate, purify, and characterize extracellular vesicles (EVs) obtained from auditory HEI-OC1 cells, and evaluate their suitability for intracochlear transport and delivery of pharmacological drugs and/or pro-resolution mediators of acute inflammatory processes. Methods: HEI-OC1 EVs were isolated and purified using the exoEasy Maxi Kit, and their size was evaluated by nanoparticle tracking techniques. Bottom-up proteomics of the EVs, either freshly obtained or stored for up to 4 months at −20°C, was performed by LC-ESI-MS/MS. LC-ESI-MS/MS-MRM was used to measure the loading of dexamethasone inside EVs following co-incubation at room temperature for 1 hour with and without 5 minutes sonication. Results: Routinely, we were able to obtain purified fractions of >2 × 109 EVs/mL, with diameters varying between 50 and 800 nm. Bottom-up proteomics showed that among the most abundant EVs proteins, 19.2% were cytoplasmic, 17.2% were membrane localized, 12.3% were cytosolic, and 14.6% were nucleolar. No significant differences between fresh and stored EVs were detected. Importantly, co-incubation of HEI-OC1 EVs (1 × 108 EVs/mL) with dexamethasone (10 mM) resulted in the incorporation of 10.1 ± 1.9 nM dexamethasone per milliliter of EVs suspension. Conclusions: Altogether, the results suggest that EVs from HEI-OC1 cells could be advantageously used as biological nanocarriers for the delivery of specific molecules and pharmacological drugs into the inner ear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilda M. Kalinec
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Whitaker Cohn
- Pasarow Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior and Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Julian P. Whitelegge
- Pasarow Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior and Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kym F. Faull
- Pasarow Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior and Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Federico Kalinec
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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8
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Xue D, Wang J, Song X, Wang W, Hu T, Ye L, Liu Y, Zhou Q, Zhou F, Jiang ZX, Liu ZJ, Tao H. A Chemical Strategy for Amphiphile Replacement in Membrane Protein Research. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:4319-4327. [PMID: 30781953 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b04072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Membrane mimics are indispensable tools in the structural and functional understanding of membrane proteins (MPs). Given stringent requirements of integral MP manipulations, amphiphile replacement is often required in sample preparation for various biophysical purposes. Current protocols generally rely on physical methodologies and rarely reach complete replacement. In comparison, we report herein a chemical alternative that facilitates the exhaustive exchange of membrane-mimicking systems for MP reconstitution. This method, named sacrifice-replacement strategy, was enabled by a class of chemically cleavable detergents (CCDs), derived from the disulfide incorporation in the traditional detergent n-dodecyl-β-d-maltopyranoside. The representative CCD behaved well in both solubilizing the diverse α-helical human G protein-coupled receptors and refolding of the β-barrel bacterial outer membrane protein X, and more importantly, it could also be readily degraded under mild conditions. By this means, the A2A adenosine receptor was successfully reconstituted into a series of commercial detergents for stabilization screening and nanodiscs for electron microscopy analysis. Featured by the simplicity and compatibility, this CCD-mediated strategy would later find more applications when being integrated in other biophysics studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxiang Xue
- iHuman Institute , ShanghaiTech University , Ren Building, 393 Middle Huaxia Road , Shanghai 201210 , China
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 555 Zuchongzhi Road , Shanghai 201203 , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , No. 19A, Yuquan Road , Beijing 100049 , China
- School of Life Science and Technology , ShanghaiTech University , Shanghai 201210 , China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- iHuman Institute , ShanghaiTech University , Ren Building, 393 Middle Huaxia Road , Shanghai 201210 , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , No. 19A, Yuquan Road , Beijing 100049 , China
- School of Life Science and Technology , ShanghaiTech University , Shanghai 201210 , China
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 200031 , China
| | - Xiyong Song
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , No. 19A, Yuquan Road , Beijing 100049 , China
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100101 , China
| | - Wei Wang
- Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430071 , China
| | - Tao Hu
- iHuman Institute , ShanghaiTech University , Ren Building, 393 Middle Huaxia Road , Shanghai 201210 , China
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 555 Zuchongzhi Road , Shanghai 201203 , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , No. 19A, Yuquan Road , Beijing 100049 , China
- School of Life Science and Technology , ShanghaiTech University , Shanghai 201210 , China
| | - Lintao Ye
- iHuman Institute , ShanghaiTech University , Ren Building, 393 Middle Huaxia Road , Shanghai 201210 , China
| | - Yang Liu
- iHuman Institute , ShanghaiTech University , Ren Building, 393 Middle Huaxia Road , Shanghai 201210 , China
| | - Qingtong Zhou
- iHuman Institute , ShanghaiTech University , Ren Building, 393 Middle Huaxia Road , Shanghai 201210 , China
| | - Fang Zhou
- iHuman Institute , ShanghaiTech University , Ren Building, 393 Middle Huaxia Road , Shanghai 201210 , China
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 555 Zuchongzhi Road , Shanghai 201203 , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , No. 19A, Yuquan Road , Beijing 100049 , China
- School of Life Science and Technology , ShanghaiTech University , Shanghai 201210 , China
| | - Zhong-Xing Jiang
- Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430071 , China
| | - Zhi-Jie Liu
- iHuman Institute , ShanghaiTech University , Ren Building, 393 Middle Huaxia Road , Shanghai 201210 , China
- School of Life Science and Technology , ShanghaiTech University , Shanghai 201210 , China
| | - Houchao Tao
- iHuman Institute , ShanghaiTech University , Ren Building, 393 Middle Huaxia Road , Shanghai 201210 , China
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9
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Sheng Y, Capri J, Waring A, Valentine JS, Whitelegge J. Exposure of Solvent-Inaccessible Regions in the Amyloidogenic Protein Human SOD1 Determined by Hydroxyl Radical Footprinting. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2019; 30:218-226. [PMID: 30328005 PMCID: PMC6347482 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-018-2075-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Solvent-accessibility change plays a critical role in protein misfolding and aggregation, the culprit for several neurodegenerative diseases, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Mass spectrometry-based hydroxyl radical (·OH) protein footprinting has evolved as a powerful and fast tool in elucidating protein solvent accessibility. In this work, we used fast photochemical oxidation of protein (FPOP) hydroxyl radical (·OH) footprinting to investigate solvent accessibility in human copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (SOD1), misfolded or aggregated forms of which underlie a portion of ALS cases. ·OH-mediated modifications to 56 residues were detected with locations largely as predicted based on X-ray crystallography data, while the interior of SOD1 β-barrel is hydrophobic and solvent-inaccessible and thus protected from modification. There were, however, two notable exceptions-two closely located residues inside the β-barrel, predicted to have minimal or no solvent accessibility, that were found modified by FPOP (Phe20 and Ile112). Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were consistent with differential access of peroxide versus quencher to SOD1's interior complicating surface accessibility considerations. Modification of these two residues could potentially be explained either by local motions of the β-barrel that increased peroxide/solvent accessibility to the interior or by oxidative events within the interior that might include long-distance radical transfer to buried sites. Overall, comparison of modification patterns for the metal-free apoprotein versus zinc-bound forms demonstrated that binding of zinc protected the electrostatic loop and organized the copper-binding site. Our study highlights SOD1 hydrophobic groups that may contribute to early events in aggregation and discusses caveats to surface accessibility conclusions. Graphical Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuewei Sheng
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Joseph Capri
- The Pasarow Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Alan Waring
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Julian Whitelegge
- The Pasarow Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- The Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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10
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The S-layer biogenesis system of Synechocystis 6803: Role of Sll1180 and Sll1181 (E. coli HlyB and HlyD analogs) as type-I secretion components for Sll1951 export. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2018; 1860:1436-1446. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2018.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Rao NM, Capri J, Cohn W, Abdaljaleel M, Restrepo L, Gornbein JA, Yong WH, Liebeskind DS, Whitelegge JP. Peptide Composition of Stroke Causing Emboli Correlate with Serum Markers of Atherosclerosis and Inflammation. Front Neurol 2017; 8:427. [PMID: 28919876 PMCID: PMC5585134 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2017.00427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The specific protein composition of stroke-causing emboli is unknown. Because ischemic stroke has a varied etiology, it is possible that the composition of the thrombus from which an embolus originated will have distinctive molecular characteristics reflective of the underlying pathophysiology. We used mass spectrometry to evaluate the protein composition of retrieved emboli from patients with differing stroke etiologies and correlated the protein levels to serum predictors of atherosclerosis. Methods Emboli from 20 consecutive acute stroke patients were retrieved by thrombectomy during routine stroke care. Thrombus proteins were extracted, digested, and multidimensional fractionation of peptides was performed. Fractionated peptides underwent nano-liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. Spectra were searched using Mascot software in which results with p < 0.05 (95% confidence interval) were considered significant and indicating identity. The results were correlated to A1C, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) taken on admission. Results Eleven patients had atrial fibrillation, four had significant proximal vessel atherosclerosis, two were cryptogenic, and three had other identified stroke risk factors (left ventricular thrombus, dissection, endocarditis). Eighty-one common proteins (e.g., hemoglobin, fibrin, actin) were found in all 20 emboli. Serum LDL levels correlated with Septin-2 (rs = 0.78, p = 0.028), Phosphoglycerate Kinase 1 (rs = 0.75, p = 0.036), Integrin Alpha-M (rs = 0.68, p = 0.033) and Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (rs = 0.63, p = 0.05). Septin-7 levels inversely correlated to ESR (rs = −0.84, p = 0.01). No significant protein correlations to A1C or tPA use were found. Conclusion Our exploratory study presents mass spectrometry analysis of thrombi retrieved from acute stroke patients and correlates the thrombus proteome to clinical features of the patient. Notably, we found proteins associated with inflammation (e.g., Integrin Alpha-M) in emboli from patients with high LDL. Although these findings are tempered by a small sample size, we provide preliminary support for the feasibility of utilizing proteomic analysis of emboli to discover proteins that may be used as markers for stroke etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neal M Rao
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Joseph Capri
- University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Whitaker Cohn
- University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Maram Abdaljaleel
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Lucas Restrepo
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | | | - William H Yong
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - David S Liebeskind
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Julian P Whitelegge
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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Kar UK, Simonian M, Whitelegge JP. Integral membrane proteins: bottom-up, top-down and structural proteomics. Expert Rev Proteomics 2017; 14:715-723. [PMID: 28737967 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2017.1359545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Integral membrane proteins and lipids constitute the bilayer membranes that surround cells and sub-cellular compartments, and modulate movements of molecules and information between them. Since membrane protein drug targets represent a disproportionately large segment of the proteome, technical developments need timely review. Areas covered: Publically available resources such as Pubmed were surveyed. Bottom-up proteomics analyses now allow efficient extraction and digestion such that membrane protein coverage is essentially complete, making up around one third of the proteome. However, this coverage relies upon hydrophilic loop regions while transmembrane domains are generally poorly covered in peptide-based strategies. Top-down mass spectrometry where the intact membrane protein is fragmented in the gas phase gives good coverage in transmembrane regions, and membrane fractions are yielding to high-throughput top-down proteomics. Exciting progress in native mass spectrometry of membrane protein complexes is providing insights into subunit stoichiometry and lipid binding, and cross-linking strategies are contributing critical in-vivo information. Expert commentary: It is clear from the literature that integral membrane proteins have yielded to advanced techniques in protein chemistry and mass spectrometry, with applications limited only by the imagination of investigators. Key advances toward translation to the clinic are emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Upendra K Kar
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy , University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences , Little Rock , AR , USA
| | - Margaret Simonian
- b NPI-Semel Institute , University of California Los Angeles , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Julian P Whitelegge
- b NPI-Semel Institute , University of California Los Angeles , Los Angeles , CA , USA
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