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Xie D, Sun Y, Li X, Ren S. Effect of calcium levels on structure and function of mitochondria in yeast under high glucose fermentation. FOOD SCI TECHNOL INT 2023:10820132231170409. [PMID: 37089015 DOI: 10.1177/10820132231170409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the effects of calcium levels on structure and function of mitochondria under high glucose environment were studied. In the high glucose environment, yeast growth capacity was inhibited, and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) content was increased from 6 h to 12 h, while ROS content was reduced in group with 1 × 10-1 and 1 g/L CaCl2 level from 24 h to 36 h. Exogenous calcium addition had a significant effect on the elevation of intracellular Ca2+ and cytochrome C content in yeast from 6 h to 12 h; mitochondrial membrane potential decreased with the increase of CaCl2 level under high glucose levels. Mitochondrial swelling of yeast was influenced by high glucose levels and showed a regulatory dynamic change by Ca2+ levels. Isocitrate dehydrogenase activity increased in 1 × 10-3 g/L CaCl2 level from 6 h to 12 h, α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase activity increased with an increase in CaCl2 level from 6 h to 24 h. Calcium affected the structure and function of mitochondria by regulating the intracellular signal, enzymes in tricarboxylic acid cycle, and cytochrome system of yeast under high glucose stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Xie
- National Engineering Laboratory/Key Laboratory of Henan Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yingqi Sun
- National Engineering Laboratory/Key Laboratory of Henan Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xing Li
- National Engineering Laboratory/Key Laboratory of Henan Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shuncheng Ren
- National Engineering Laboratory/Key Laboratory of Henan Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
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2
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Peng G, Hu K, Shang X, Li W, Dou F. The phosphorylation status of Hsp82 regulates mitochondrial homeostasis during glucose sensing in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Mol Biol 2023; 435:168106. [PMID: 37068581 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2023.168106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
Sensing extracellular glucose, budding yeast switches from aerobic glycolysis to oxidative phosphorylation to adapt to environmental changes. During the conversion of metabolic mode, mitochondrial function and morphology change significantly. Mitochondria are the main supply factories of energy for various life activities in cells. However, the research on the signal pathways from glucose sensing to changes in mitochondrial function and morphology is still scarce and worthy of further exploration. In this study, we found that in addition to the known involvement of molecular chaperone Hsp82 in stress response during the conversion of metabolic mode, the phosphorylation status of Hsp82 at S485 residue regulates mitochondrial function and morphology to maintain mitochondrial homeostasis. The Hsp82S485A mutant that mimics dephosphorylation at S485 residue showed abnormal growth phenotypes related to mitochondrial defects, such as the petite phenotype, slow growth rates, and inability to use non-fermentable carbon sources. Further exploring the causes of growth defects, we found that the Hsp82S485A mutant caused mitochondrial dysfunction, including a decrease in cellular oxygen consumption rate, defects in mitochondrial electron transport chain, decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and complete loss of mtDNA. Furthermore, the Hsp82S485A mutant displayed fragmented or globular mitochondria, which may be responsible for its mitochondrial dysfunction. Our findings suggested that the phosphorylation status of Hsp82 at S485 residue might regulate mitochondrial function and morphology by affecting the stability of mitochondrial fission and fusion-related proteins. Thus, Hsp82 might be a key molecule in the signal pathway from glucose sensing to changes in mitochondrial function and morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanzu Peng
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Kaiyu Hu
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuan Shang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Wanjie Li
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.
| | - Fei Dou
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.
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Trainor BM, Pestov DG, Shcherbik N. Development, validation, and application of the ribosome separation and reconstitution system for protein translation in vitro. RNA (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2021; 27:1602-1616. [PMID: 34452990 PMCID: PMC8594471 DOI: 10.1261/rna.078852.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Stress-induced molecular damage to ribosomes can impact protein synthesis in cells, but cell-based assays do not provide a clear way to distinguish the effects of ribosome damage from stress responses and damage to other parts of the translation machinery. Here we describe a detailed protocol for the separation of yeast ribosomes from other translational machinery constituents, followed by reconstitution of the translation mixture in vitro. This technique, which we refer to as ribosome separation and reconstitution (RSR), allows chemical modifications of yeast ribosomes without compromising other key translational components. In addition to the characterization of stress-induced ribosome damage, RSR can be applied to a broad range of experimental problems in studies of yeast translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon M Trainor
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rowan University, School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford, New Jersey 08084, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rowan University, Stratford, New Jersey 08084, USA
| | - Dimitri G Pestov
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rowan University, School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford, New Jersey 08084, USA
| | - Natalia Shcherbik
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rowan University, School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford, New Jersey 08084, USA
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Luongo TS, Eller JM, Lu MJ, Niere M, Raith F, Perry C, Bornstein MR, Oliphint P, Wang L, McReynolds MR, Migaud ME, Rabinowitz JD, Johnson FB, Johnsson K, Ziegler M, Cambronne XA, Baur JA. SLC25A51 is a mammalian mitochondrial NAD + transporter. Nature 2020; 588:174-179. [PMID: 32906142 PMCID: PMC7718333 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2741-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria require nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) in order to carry out the fundamental processes that fuel respiration and mediate cellular energy transduction. Mitochondrial NAD+ transporters have been identified in yeast and plants 1,2 but their very existence is controversial in mammals 3–5. Here we demonstrate that mammalian mitochondria are capable of taking up intact NAD+ and identify SLC25A51 (an essential 6,7 mitochondrial protein of previously unknown function, also known as MCART1) as a mammalian mitochondrial NAD+ transporter. Loss of SLC25A51 decreases mitochondrial but not whole-cell NAD+ content, impairs mitochondrial respiration, and blocks the uptake of NAD+ into isolated mitochondria. Conversely, overexpression of SLC25A51 or a nearly identical paralog, SLC25A52, increases mitochondrial NAD+ levels and restores NAD+ uptake into yeast mitochondria lacking endogenous NAD+ transporters. Together, these findings identify SLC25A51 as the first transporter capable of importing NAD+ into mammalian mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy S Luongo
- Department of Physiology and Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jared M Eller
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Mu-Jie Lu
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Marc Niere
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Fabio Raith
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Chemistry and Earth Sciences, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Caroline Perry
- Department of Physiology and Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Marc R Bornstein
- Department of Physiology and Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Paul Oliphint
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Lin Wang
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Melanie R McReynolds
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Marie E Migaud
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Joshua D Rabinowitz
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - F Brad Johnson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perlman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kai Johnsson
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Heidelberg, Germany.,Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mathias Ziegler
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Xiaolu A Cambronne
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
| | - Joseph A Baur
- Department of Physiology and Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Arduino DM, Perocchi F. Pharmacological modulation of mitochondrial calcium homeostasis. J Physiol 2018; 596:2717-2733. [PMID: 29319185 DOI: 10.1113/jp274959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are pivotal organelles in calcium (Ca2+ ) handling and signalling, constituting intracellular checkpoints for numerous processes that are vital for cell life. Alterations in mitochondrial Ca2+ homeostasis have been linked to a variety of pathological conditions and are critical in the aetiology of several human diseases. Efforts have been taken to harness mitochondrial Ca2+ transport mechanisms for therapeutic intervention, but pharmacological compounds that direct and selectively modulate mitochondrial Ca2+ homeostasis are currently lacking. New avenues have, however, emerged with the breakthrough discoveries on the genetic identification of the main players involved in mitochondrial Ca2+ influx and efflux pathways and with recent hints towards a deep understanding of the function of these molecular systems. Here, we review the current advances in the understanding of the mechanisms and regulation of mitochondrial Ca2+ homeostasis and its contribution to physiology and human disease. We also introduce and comment on the recent progress towards a systems-level pharmacological targeting of mitochondrial Ca2+ homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela M Arduino
- Gene Center, Department of Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Munich, 81377, Germany.,Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center (HDC), Helmholtz Zentrum München and German National Diabetes Center (DZD), Neuherberg, 85764, Germany
| | - Fabiana Perocchi
- Gene Center, Department of Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Munich, 81377, Germany.,Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center (HDC), Helmholtz Zentrum München and German National Diabetes Center (DZD), Neuherberg, 85764, Germany
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Izawa T, Park SH, Zhao L, Hartl FU, Neupert W. Cytosolic Protein Vms1 Links Ribosome Quality Control to Mitochondrial and Cellular Homeostasis. Cell 2017; 171:890-903.e18. [PMID: 29107329 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 07/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Eukaryotic cells have evolved extensive protein quality-control mechanisms to remove faulty translation products. Here, we show that yeast cells continually produce faulty mitochondrial polypeptides that stall on the ribosome during translation but are imported into the mitochondria. The cytosolic protein Vms1, together with the E3 ligase Ltn1, protects against the mitochondrial toxicity of these proteins and maintains cell viability under respiratory conditions. In the absence of these factors, stalled polypeptides aggregate after import and sequester critical mitochondrial chaperone and translation machinery. Aggregation depends on C-terminal alanyl/threonyl sequences (CAT-tails) that are attached to stalled polypeptides on 60S ribosomes by Rqc2. Vms1 binds to 60S ribosomes at the mitochondrial surface and antagonizes Rqc2, thereby facilitating import, impeding aggregation, and directing aberrant polypeptides to intra-mitochondrial quality control. Vms1 is a key component of a rescue pathway for ribosome-stalled mitochondrial polypeptides that are inaccessible to ubiquitylation due to coupling of translation and translocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiaki Izawa
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152 Martinsried, Germany; Division of Cell Biology, Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Munich, Großhaderner Strasse 9, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Sae-Hun Park
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Liang Zhao
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - F Ulrich Hartl
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152 Martinsried, Germany.
| | - Walter Neupert
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152 Martinsried, Germany; Division of Cell Biology, Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Munich, Großhaderner Strasse 9, 82152 Martinsried, Germany.
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