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Lu MJ, Busquets J, Impedovo V, Wilson CN, Chan HR, Chang YT, Matsui W, Tiziani S, Cambronne XA. SLC25A51 decouples the mitochondrial NAD +/NADH ratio to control proliferation of AML cells. Cell Metab 2024; 36:808-821.e6. [PMID: 38354740 PMCID: PMC10990793 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2024.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
SLC25A51 selectively imports oxidized NAD+ into the mitochondrial matrix and is required for sustaining cell respiration. We observed elevated expression of SLC25A51 that correlated with poorer outcomes in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and we sought to determine the role SLC25A51 may serve in this disease. We found that lowering SLC25A51 levels led to increased apoptosis and prolonged survival in orthotopic xenograft models. Metabolic flux analyses indicated that depletion of SLC25A51 shunted flux away from mitochondrial oxidative pathways, notably without increased glycolytic flux. Depletion of SLC25A51 combined with 5-azacytidine treatment limits expansion of AML cells in vivo. Together, the data indicate that AML cells upregulate SLC25A51 to decouple mitochondrial NAD+/NADH for a proliferative advantage by supporting oxidative reactions from a variety of fuels. Thus, SLC25A51 represents a critical regulator that can be exploited by cancer cells and may be a vulnerability for refractory AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mu-Jie Lu
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Jonathan Busquets
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Valeria Impedovo
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Crystal N Wilson
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Hsin-Ru Chan
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Yu-Tai Chang
- Department of Oncology, Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA; LIVESTRONG Cancer Institutes, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - William Matsui
- Department of Oncology, Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA; LIVESTRONG Cancer Institutes, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Stefano Tiziani
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA; Department of Oncology, Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA; LIVESTRONG Cancer Institutes, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Xiaolu A Cambronne
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA; LIVESTRONG Cancer Institutes, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
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2
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Goyal S, Cambronne XA. Layered mechanisms regulating the human mitochondrial NAD+ transporter SLC25A51. Biochem Soc Trans 2023; 51:1989-2004. [PMID: 38108469 PMCID: PMC10802112 DOI: 10.1042/bst20220318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
SLC25A51 is the primary mitochondrial NAD+ transporter in humans and controls many local reactions by mediating the influx of oxidized NAD+. Intriguingly, SLC25A51 lacks several key features compared with other members in the mitochondrial carrier family, thus its molecular mechanism has been unclear. A deeper understanding would shed light on the control of cellular respiration, the citric acid cycle, and free NAD+ concentrations in mammalian mitochondria. This review discusses recent insights into the transport mechanism of SLC25A51, and in the process highlights a multitiered regulation that governs NAD+ transport. The aspects regulating SLC25A51 import activity can be categorized as contributions from (1) structural characteristics of the transporter itself, (2) its microenvironment, and (3) distinctive properties of the transported ligand. These unique mechanisms further evoke compelling new ideas for modulating the activity of this transporter, as well as new mechanistic models for the mitochondrial carrier family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivansh Goyal
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712
| | - Xiaolu A. Cambronne
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712
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3
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Goyal S, Paspureddi A, Lu M, Chan H, Lyons SN, Wilson CN, Niere M, Ziegler M, Cambronne XA. Dynamics of SLC25A51 reveal preference for oxidized NAD + and substrate led transport. EMBO Rep 2023; 24:e56596. [PMID: 37575034 PMCID: PMC10561365 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202256596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
SLC25A51 is a member of the mitochondrial carrier family (MCF) but lacks key residues that contribute to the mechanism of other nucleotide MCF transporters. Thus, how SLC25A51 transports NAD+ across the inner mitochondrial membrane remains unclear. To elucidate its mechanism, we use Molecular Dynamics simulations to reconstitute SLC25A51 homology models into lipid bilayers and to generate hypotheses to test. We observe spontaneous binding of cardiolipin phospholipids to three distinct sites on the exterior of SLC25A51's central pore and find that mutation of these sites impairs cardiolipin binding and transporter activity. We also observe that stable formation of the required matrix gate is controlled by a single salt bridge. We identify binding sites in SLC25A51 for NAD+ and show that its selectivity for NAD+ is guided by an electrostatic interaction between the charged nicotinamide ring in the ligand and a negatively charged patch in the pore. In turn, interaction of NAD+ with interior residue E132 guides the ligand to dynamically engage and weaken the salt bridge gate, representing a ligand-induced initiation of transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivansh Goyal
- Department of Molecular BiosciencesUniversity of Texas at AustinAustinTXUSA
| | | | - Mu‐Jie Lu
- Department of Molecular BiosciencesUniversity of Texas at AustinAustinTXUSA
| | - Hsin‐Ru Chan
- Department of Molecular BiosciencesUniversity of Texas at AustinAustinTXUSA
| | - Scott N Lyons
- Department of Molecular BiosciencesUniversity of Texas at AustinAustinTXUSA
| | - Crystal N Wilson
- Department of Molecular BiosciencesUniversity of Texas at AustinAustinTXUSA
| | - Marc Niere
- Department of BiomedicineUniversity of BergenBergenNorway
| | | | - Xiaolu A Cambronne
- Department of Molecular BiosciencesUniversity of Texas at AustinAustinTXUSA
- Livestrong Cancer InstituteUniversity of Texas at AustinAustinTXUSA
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Lyons SN, Cambronne XA. A chemical solution for FRET(ful) pairs. Nat Chem Biol 2023; 19:1048-1049. [PMID: 37567947 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-023-01403-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Scott N Lyons
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Xiaolu A Cambronne
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
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Eller J, Goyal S, Cambronne XA. Improved Yield for the Enzymatic Synthesis of Radiolabeled Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide. ACS Bio Med Chem Au 2023; 3:46-50. [PMID: 36820310 PMCID: PMC9936495 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomedchemau.2c00065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Labeled β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) analogues have been critical for uncovering new biochemical connections and quantitating enzymatic activity. They function as tracers for enzymology, flux analyses, and in situ measurements. Nevertheless, there is limited availability of specific types of analogues, especially radiolabeled NAD isotopologues. Here, we describe an improved enzymatic synthesis reaction for 32P- NAD+ with a yield of 98% ± 1%, using lowered concentrations of reactants and standard equipment. This represents the highest reported yield for the enzymatic synthesis of NAD+ to date. With the high yield we were able to directly use the reaction product to generate derivatives, such as 32P-NADP. The high-yield enzymatic synthesis is versatile for a broad variety of labels and NAD derivatives. Its advantages include lowered concentrations of reactants, providing sufficient amounts of product for downstream applications, and minimizing intermediate purification steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared Eller
- †Department
of Molecular Biosciences and ‡LiveSTRONG Cancer Institute, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Shivansh Goyal
- †Department
of Molecular Biosciences and ‡LiveSTRONG Cancer Institute, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Xiaolu A. Cambronne
- †Department
of Molecular Biosciences and ‡LiveSTRONG Cancer Institute, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States,
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6
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Fu Z, Kim H, Morse PT, Lu MJ, Hüttemann M, Cambronne XA, Zhang K, Zhang R. The mitochondrial NAD + transporter SLC25A51 is a fasting-induced gene affecting SIRT3 functions. Metabolism 2022; 135:155275. [PMID: 35932995 PMCID: PMC10080998 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2022.155275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) is a coenzyme central to metabolism and energy production. NAD+-dependent deacetylase sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) regulates the acetylation levels of mitochondrial proteins that are involved in mitochondrial homeostasis. Fasting up-regulates hepatic SIRT3 activity, which requires mitochondrial NAD+. What is the mechanism, then, to transport more NAD+ into mitochondria to sustain enhanced SIRT3 activity during fasting? OBJECTIVE SLC25A51 is a recently discovered mitochondrial NAD+ transporter. We tested the hypothesis that, during fasting, increased expression of SLC25A51 is needed for enhanced mitochondrial NAD+ uptake to sustain SIRT3 activity. Because the fasting-fed cycle and circadian rhythm are closely linked, we further tested the hypothesis that SLC25A51 is a circadian regulated gene. METHODS We examined Slc25a51 expression in the liver of fasted mice, and examined its circadian rhythm in wild-type mice and those with liver-specific deletion of the clock gene BMAL1 (LKO). We suppressed Slc25a51 expression in hepatocytes and the mouse liver using shRNA-mediated knockdown, and then examined mitochondrial NAD+ levels, SIRT3 activities, and acetylation levels of SIRT3 target proteins (IDH2 and ACADL). We measured mitochondrial oxygen consumption rate using Seahorse analysis in hepatocytes with reduced Slc25a51 expression. RESULTS We found that fasting induced the hepatic expression of Slc25a51, and its expression showed a circadian rhythm-like pattern that was disrupted in LKO mice. Reduced expression of Slc25a51 in hepatocytes decreased mitochondrial NAD+ levels and SIRT3 activity, reflected by increased acetylation of SIRT3 targets. Slc25a51 knockdown reduced the oxygen consumption rate in intact hepatocytes. Mice with reduced Slc25a51 expression in the liver manifested reduced hepatic mitochondrial NAD+ levels, hepatic steatosis and hypertriglyceridemia. CONCLUSIONS Slc25a51 is a fasting-induced gene that is needed for hepatic SIRT3 functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyao Fu
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Hyunbae Kim
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Paul T Morse
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Mu-Jie Lu
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Maik Hüttemann
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Xiaolu A Cambronne
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Kezhong Zhang
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
| | - Ren Zhang
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
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7
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Goyal S, Cambronne XA. Partially Conserved Motifs Support an Alternating Access Model for the Human Mitochondrial NAD
+
Transporter. FASEB J 2022. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2022.36.s1.r2390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shivansh Goyal
- Department of Molecular BiosciencesThe University of Texas at AustinAustinTX
| | - Xiaolu A. Cambronne
- Department of Molecular BiosciencesThe University of Texas at AustinAustinTX
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8
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Gorbunova V, Buschbeck M, Cambronne XA, Chellappa K, Corda D, Du J, Freichel M, Gigas J, Green AE, Gu F, Guberovic I, Jayabalan A, Khansahib I, Mukherjee S, Seluanov A, Simon MA, Sverkeli LJ, Kory N, Levine DC, Matic I, Nikiforov A, Rack JG, Imai SI, Sinclair DA, Toiber D, Zhao Y, Mostoslavsky R, Kraus L, Guse AH. The 2021 FASEB science research conference on NAD metabolism and signaling. Aging (Albany NY) 2021. [PMCID: PMC8714140 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vera Gorbunova
- Departments of Biology and Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
| | - Marcus Buschbeck
- Cancer and Leukaemia Epigenetics and Biology Program, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), Campus ICO-GTP-UAB, Badalona, Catalonia 08916, Spain
- Program for Predictive and Personalized Medicine of Cancer, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (PMPPC-IGTP), Badalona, Catalonia 08916, Spain
| | - Xiaolu A. Cambronne
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78705, USA
| | - Karthikeyani Chellappa
- Department of Physiology and Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA 19104, USA
| | - Daniela Corda
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, National Research Council, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Juan Du
- Department of Structural Biology, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Marc Freichel
- Institute of Pharmacology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Baden-Württemberg 69117, Germany
| | - Jonathan Gigas
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
| | - Alexander E. Green
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
- Éric Poulin Centre for Neuromuscular Disease, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Feng Gu
- The Calcium Signalling Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20246, Germany
| | - Iva Guberovic
- Cancer and Leukaemia Epigenetics and Biology Program, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), Campus ICO-GTP-UAB, Badalona, Catalonia 08916, Spain
| | - Aravinthkumar Jayabalan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Imrankhan Khansahib
- The Calcium Signalling Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20246, Germany
| | - Sarmistha Mukherjee
- Department of Physiology and Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA 19104, USA
| | - Andrei Seluanov
- Departments of Biology and Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
| | - Matthew A. Simon
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
| | - Lars J. Sverkeli
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Vestland 5007, Norway
| | - Nora Kory
- Department of Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Daniel C. Levine
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Molecular Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Ivan Matic
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Nordrhein-Westfalen 50931, Germany
| | - Andrey Nikiforov
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg 199178, Russia
| | - Johannes G.M. Rack
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire OX1 3RE, UK
| | - Shin-Ichiro Imai
- Department of Developmental Biology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Gerontology, Laboratory of Molecular Life Science, Institute of Biomedical Research and Innovation, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - David A. Sinclair
- Genetics Department, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Debra Toiber
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, 84105, Israel
| | - Yongjuan Zhao
- Ciechanover Institute of Precision and Regenerative Medicine, School of Life and Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518172, China
| | - Raul Mostoslavsky
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02114, USA
| | - Lee Kraus
- Laboratory of Signaling and Gene Regulation, Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Division of Basic Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Andreas H. Guse
- The Calcium Signalling Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20246, Germany
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9
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Luongo TS, Eller JM, Lu MJ, Niere M, Raith F, Perry C, Bornstein MR, Oliphint P, Wang L, McReynolds MR, Migaud ME, Rabinowitz JD, Johnson FB, Johnsson K, Ziegler M, Cambronne XA, Baur JA. SLC25A51 is a mammalian mitochondrial NAD + transporter. Nature 2020; 588:174-179. [PMID: 32906142 PMCID: PMC7718333 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2741-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria require nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) in order to carry out the fundamental processes that fuel respiration and mediate cellular energy transduction. Mitochondrial NAD+ transporters have been identified in yeast and plants 1,2 but their very existence is controversial in mammals 3–5. Here we demonstrate that mammalian mitochondria are capable of taking up intact NAD+ and identify SLC25A51 (an essential 6,7 mitochondrial protein of previously unknown function, also known as MCART1) as a mammalian mitochondrial NAD+ transporter. Loss of SLC25A51 decreases mitochondrial but not whole-cell NAD+ content, impairs mitochondrial respiration, and blocks the uptake of NAD+ into isolated mitochondria. Conversely, overexpression of SLC25A51 or a nearly identical paralog, SLC25A52, increases mitochondrial NAD+ levels and restores NAD+ uptake into yeast mitochondria lacking endogenous NAD+ transporters. Together, these findings identify SLC25A51 as the first transporter capable of importing NAD+ into mammalian mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy S Luongo
- Department of Physiology and Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jared M Eller
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Mu-Jie Lu
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Marc Niere
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Fabio Raith
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Chemistry and Earth Sciences, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Caroline Perry
- Department of Physiology and Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Marc R Bornstein
- Department of Physiology and Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Paul Oliphint
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Lin Wang
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Melanie R McReynolds
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Marie E Migaud
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Joshua D Rabinowitz
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - F Brad Johnson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perlman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kai Johnsson
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Heidelberg, Germany.,Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mathias Ziegler
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Xiaolu A Cambronne
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
| | - Joseph A Baur
- Department of Physiology and Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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10
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Cambronne XA, Kraus WL. Location, Location, Location: Compartmentalization of NAD + Synthesis and Functions in Mammalian Cells. Trends Biochem Sci 2020; 45:858-873. [PMID: 32595066 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2020.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The numerous biological roles of NAD+ are organized and coordinated via its compartmentalization within cells. The spatial and temporal partitioning of this intermediary metabolite is intrinsic to understanding the impact of NAD+ on cellular signaling and metabolism. We review evidence supporting the compartmentalization of steady-state NAD+ levels in cells, as well as how the modulation of NAD+ synthesis dynamically regulates signaling by controlling subcellular NAD+ concentrations. We further discuss potential benefits to the cell of compartmentalizing NAD+, and methods for measuring subcellular NAD+ levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolu A Cambronne
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
| | - W Lee Kraus
- Laboratory of Signaling and Gene Regulation, Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
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11
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Eller JM, Stewart ML, Slepian AJ, Markwardt S, Wiedrick J, Cohen MS, Goodman RH, Cambronne XA. Flow Cytometry Analysis of Free Intracellular NAD + Using a Targeted Biosensor. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 88:e54. [PMID: 30556645 DOI: 10.1002/cpcy.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Flow cytometry approaches combined with a genetically encoded targeted fluorescent biosensor are used to determine the subcellular compartmental availability of the oxidized form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+ ). The availability of free NAD+ can affect the activities of NAD+ -consuming enzymes such as sirtuin, PARP/ARTD, and cyclic ADPR-hydrolase family members. Many methods for measuring the NAD+ available to these enzymes are limited because they cannot determine free NAD+ as it exists in various subcellular compartments distinctly from bound NAD+ or NADH. Here, an approach to express the sensor in mammalian cells, monitor NAD+ -dependent fluorescence intensity changes using flow cytometry approaches, and analyze data obtained is described. The benefit of flow cytometry approaches with the NAD+ sensor is the ability to monitor compartmentalized free NAD+ fluctuations simultaneously within many cells, which greatly facilitates analyses and calibration. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared M Eller
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Melissa L Stewart
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | | | - Sheila Markwardt
- Biostatistics and Design Program, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Jack Wiedrick
- Biostatistics and Design Program, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Michael S Cohen
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Richard H Goodman
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Xiaolu A Cambronne
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
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12
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Liu HW, Smith CB, Schmidt MS, Cambronne XA, Cohen MS, Migaud ME, Brenner C, Goodman RH. Pharmacological bypass of NAD + salvage pathway protects neurons from chemotherapy-induced degeneration. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:10654-10659. [PMID: 30257945 PMCID: PMC6196523 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1809392115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Axon degeneration, a hallmark of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN), is thought to be caused by a loss of the essential metabolite nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) via the prodegenerative protein SARM1. Some studies challenge this notion, however, and suggest that an aberrant increase in a direct precursor of NAD+, nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), rather than loss of NAD+, is responsible. In support of this idea, blocking NMN accumulation in neurons by expressing a bacterial NMN deamidase protected axons from degeneration. We hypothesized that protection could similarly be achieved by reducing NMN production pharmacologically. To achieve this, we took advantage of an alternative pathway for NAD+ generation that goes through the intermediate nicotinic acid mononucleotide (NAMN), rather than NMN. We discovered that nicotinic acid riboside (NAR), a precursor of NAMN, administered in combination with FK866, an inhibitor of the enzyme nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase that produces NMN, protected dorsal root ganglion (DRG) axons against vincristine-induced degeneration as well as NMN deamidase. Introducing a different bacterial enzyme that converts NAMN to NMN reversed this protection. Collectively, our data indicate that maintaining NAD+ is not sufficient to protect DRG neurons from vincristine-induced axon degeneration, and elevating NMN, by itself, is not sufficient to cause degeneration. Nonetheless, the combination of FK866 and NAR, which bypasses NMN formation, may provide a therapeutic strategy for neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Wen Liu
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239
| | - Chadwick B Smith
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239
| | - Mark S Schmidt
- Department of Biochemistry, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 55242
| | - Xiaolu A Cambronne
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239
| | - Michael S Cohen
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239
| | - Marie E Migaud
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 33604
| | - Charles Brenner
- Department of Biochemistry, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 55242;
| | - Richard H Goodman
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239;
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13
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Abstract
Free nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) serves as substrate for NAD+-consuming enzymes. As such, the local concentration of free NAD+ can influence enzymatic activities. Here we describe methods for using a fluorescent, genetically-encoded sensor to measure subcellular NAD+ concentrations. We also include a discussion of the limitations and potential applications for the current sensor. Presented in this chapter are (1) guidelines for calibrating instrumentation and experimental setups using a bead-based method, (2) instructions for incorporating required controls and properly performing ratiometric measurements in cells, and (3) descriptions of how to evaluate relative and quantitative fluctuations using appropriate statistical methods for ratio-of-ratio measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S Cohen
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Program in Chemical Biology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Melissa L Stewart
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Richard H Goodman
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Xiaolu A Cambronne
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
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14
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Hornick NI, Doron B, Abdelhamed S, Huan J, Harrington CA, Shen R, Cambronne XA, Chakkaramakkil Verghese S, Kurre P. AML suppresses hematopoiesis by releasing exosomes that contain microRNAs targeting c-MYB. Sci Signal 2016; 9:ra88. [PMID: 27601730 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aaf2797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes are paracrine regulators of the tumor microenvironment and contain complex cargo. We previously reported that exosomes released from acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells can suppress residual hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) function indirectly through stromal reprogramming of niche retention factors. We found that the systemic loss of hematopoietic function is also in part a consequence of AML exosome-directed microRNA (miRNA) trafficking to HSPCs. Exosomes isolated from cultured AML or the plasma from mice bearing AML xenografts exhibited enrichment of miR-150 and miR-155. HSPCs cocultured with either of these exosomes exhibited impaired clonogenicity, through the miR-150- and miR-155-mediated suppression of the translation of transcripts encoding c-MYB, a transcription factor involved in HSPC differentiation and proliferation. To discover additional miRNA targets, we captured miR-155 and its target transcripts by coimmunoprecipitation with an attenuated RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC)-trap, followed by high-throughput sequencing. This approach identified known and previously unknown miR-155 target transcripts. Integration of the miR-155 targets with information from the protein interaction database STRING revealed proteins indirectly affected by AML exosome-derived miRNA. Our findings indicate a direct effect of AML exosomes on HSPCs that, through a stroma-independent mechanism, compromises hematopoiesis. Furthermore, combining miRNA target data with protein-protein interaction data may be a broadly applicable strategy to define the effects of exosome-mediated trafficking of regulatory molecules within the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noah I Hornick
- Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA. Pediatric Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA. Papé Family Pediatric Research Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Ben Doron
- Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA. Pediatric Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA. Papé Family Pediatric Research Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Sherif Abdelhamed
- Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA. Pediatric Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA. Papé Family Pediatric Research Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Jianya Huan
- Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA. Pediatric Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA. Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Christina A Harrington
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA. Integrated Genomics Laboratory, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Rongkun Shen
- Department of Biology, State University of New York, Brockport, NY 14420, USA. Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA. The College at Brockport, State University of New York, Brockport, NY 14420, USA
| | - Xiaolu A Cambronne
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Santhosh Chakkaramakkil Verghese
- Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA. Pediatric Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA. Papé Family Pediatric Research Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Peter Kurre
- Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA. Pediatric Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA. Papé Family Pediatric Research Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA. Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA.
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15
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Cambronne XA, Stewart ML, Kim D, Jones-Brunette AM, Morgan RK, Farrens DL, Cohen MS, Goodman RH. Biosensor reveals multiple sources for mitochondrial NAD⁺. Science 2016; 352:1474-7. [PMID: 27313049 DOI: 10.1126/science.aad5168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 276] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD(+)) is an essential substrate for sirtuins and poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerases (PARPs), which are NAD(+)-consuming enzymes localized in the nucleus, cytosol, and mitochondria. Fluctuations in NAD(+) concentrations within these subcellular compartments are thought to regulate the activity of NAD(+)-consuming enzymes; however, the challenge in measuring compartmentalized NAD(+) in cells has precluded direct evidence for this type of regulation. We describe the development of a genetically encoded fluorescent biosensor for directly monitoring free NAD(+) concentrations in subcellular compartments. We found that the concentrations of free NAD(+) in the nucleus, cytoplasm, and mitochondria approximate the Michaelis constants for sirtuins and PARPs in their respective compartments. Systematic depletion of enzymes that catalyze the final step of NAD(+) biosynthesis revealed cell-specific mechanisms for maintaining mitochondrial NAD(+) concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolu A Cambronne
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Melissa L Stewart
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - DongHo Kim
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Amber M Jones-Brunette
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Rory K Morgan
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - David L Farrens
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Michael S Cohen
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Richard H Goodman
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
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16
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Arcila ML, Betizeau M, Cambronne XA, Guzman E, Doerflinger N, Bouhallier F, Zhou H, Wu B, Rani N, Bassett DS, Borello U, Huissoud C, Goodman RH, Dehay C, Kosik KS. Novel primate miRNAs coevolved with ancient target genes in germinal zone-specific expression patterns. Neuron 2014; 81:1255-1262. [PMID: 24583023 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2014.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Major nonprimate-primate differences in cortico-genesis include the dimensions, precursor lineages, and developmental timing of the germinal zones (GZs). microRNAs (miRNAs) of laser-dissected GZ compartments and cortical plate (CP) from embryonic E80 macaque visual cortex were deep sequenced. The CP and the GZ including ventricular zone (VZ) and outer and inner subcompartments of the outer subventricular zone (OSVZ) in area 17 displayed unique miRNA profiles. miRNAs present in primate, but absent in rodent, contributed disproportionately to the differential expression between GZ subregions. Prominent among the validated targets of these miRNAs were cell-cycle and neurogenesis regulators. Coevolution between the emergent miRNAs and their targets suggested that novel miRNAs became integrated into ancient gene circuitry to exert additional control over proliferation. We conclude that multiple cell-cycle regulatory events contribute to the emergence of primate-specific cortical features, including the OSVZ, generated enlarged supragranular layers, largely responsible for the increased primate cortex computational abilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary L Arcila
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department Cellular Molecular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Marion Betizeau
- Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute, INSERM U846, 18 Avenue Doyen Lepine, 69500 Bron, France; Université de Lyon, Université Lyon I, 69003 Lyon, France
| | - Xiaolu A Cambronne
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Sciences University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97068, USA
| | - Elmer Guzman
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department Cellular Molecular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Nathalie Doerflinger
- Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute, INSERM U846, 18 Avenue Doyen Lepine, 69500 Bron, France; Université de Lyon, Université Lyon I, 69003 Lyon, France
| | - Frantz Bouhallier
- Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute, INSERM U846, 18 Avenue Doyen Lepine, 69500 Bron, France; Université de Lyon, Université Lyon I, 69003 Lyon, France
| | - Hongjun Zhou
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department Cellular Molecular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Bian Wu
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department Cellular Molecular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Neha Rani
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department Cellular Molecular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Danielle S Bassett
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department Cellular Molecular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Ugo Borello
- Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute, INSERM U846, 18 Avenue Doyen Lepine, 69500 Bron, France; Université de Lyon, Université Lyon I, 69003 Lyon, France
| | - Cyril Huissoud
- Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute, INSERM U846, 18 Avenue Doyen Lepine, 69500 Bron, France; Université de Lyon, Université Lyon I, 69003 Lyon, France; Service de gynécologie-obstétrique, Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69004 Lyon, France
| | - Richard H Goodman
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Sciences University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97068, USA
| | - Colette Dehay
- Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute, INSERM U846, 18 Avenue Doyen Lepine, 69500 Bron, France; Université de Lyon, Université Lyon I, 69003 Lyon, France.
| | - Kenneth S Kosik
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department Cellular Molecular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA.
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17
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Nakayasu ES, Tempel R, Cambronne XA, Petyuk VA, Jones MB, Gritsenko MA, Monroe ME, Yang F, Smith RD, Adkins JN, Heffron F. Comparative phosphoproteomics reveals components of host cell invasion and post-transcriptional regulation during Francisella infection. Mol Cell Proteomics 2013; 12:3297-309. [PMID: 23970565 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m113.029850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Francisella tularensis is a facultative intracellular bacterium that causes the deadly disease tularemia. Most evidence suggests that Francisella is not well recognized by the innate immune system that normally leads to cytokine expression and cell death. In previous work, we identified new bacterial factors that were hyper-cytotoxic to macrophages. Four of the identified hyper-cytotoxic strains (lpcC, manB, manC, and kdtA) had an impaired lipopolysaccharide (LPS) synthesis and produced an exposed lipid A lacking the O-antigen. These mutants were not only hyper-cytotoxic but also were phagocytosed at much higher rates compared with the wild type parent strain. To elucidate the cellular signaling underlying this enhanced phagocytosis and cell death, we performed a large-scale comparative phosphoproteomic analysis of cells infected with wild-type and delta-lpcC F. novicida. Our data suggest that not only actin but also intermediate filaments and microtubules are important for F. novicida entry into the host cells. In addition, we observed differential phosphorylation of tristetraprolin, a key component of the mRNA-degrading machinery that controls the expression of a variety of genes including many cytokines. Infection with the delta-lpcC mutant induced the hyper-phosphorylation and inhibition of tristetraprolin, leading to the production of cytokines such as IL-1beta and TNF-alpha that may kill the host cells by triggering apoptosis. Together, our data provide new insights for Francisella invasion and a post-transcriptional mechanism that prevents the expression of host immune response factors that control infection by this pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernesto S Nakayasu
- Biological Science Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington
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