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A New Strategy to Preserve and Assess Oxygen Consumption in Murine Tissues. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010109. [PMID: 35008535 PMCID: PMC8745047 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunctions are implicated in several pathologies, such as metabolic, cardiovascular, respiratory, and neurological diseases, as well as in cancer and aging. These metabolic alterations are usually assessed in human or murine samples by mitochondrial respiratory chain enzymatic assays, by measuring the oxygen consumption of intact mitochondria isolated from tissues, or from cells obtained after physical or enzymatic disruption of the tissues. However, these methodologies do not maintain tissue multicellular organization and cell-cell interactions, known to influence mitochondrial metabolism. Here, we develop an optimal model to measure mitochondrial oxygen consumption in heart and lung tissue samples using the XF24 Extracellular Flux Analyzer (Seahorse) and discuss the advantages and limitations of this technological approach. Our results demonstrate that tissue organization, as well as mitochondrial ultrastructure and respiratory function, are preserved in heart and lung tissues freshly processed or after overnight conservation at 4 °C. Using this method, we confirmed the repeatedly reported obesity-associated mitochondrial dysfunction in the heart and extended it to the lungs. We set up and validated a new strategy to optimally assess mitochondrial function in murine tissues. As such, this method is of great potential interest for monitoring mitochondrial function in cohort samples.
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Tang S, Cai S, Ji S, Yan X, Zhang W, Qiao X, Zhang H, Ye M, Yu S. Isoangustone A induces autophagic cell death in colorectal cancer cells by activating AMPK signaling. Fitoterapia 2021; 152:104935. [PMID: 34004245 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2021.104935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Phytochemicals, especially flavonoids, have been widely investigated for their diversified pharmacological activities including anticancer activities. Previously we identified isoangustone A from licorice-derived compounds as a potent inducer of cell death. In the present study, the exact mechanism by which isoangustone A induced cell death was further investigated, with autophagy as an indispensible part of this process. Isoangustone A treatment activated autophagic signaling and induced a complete autophagic flux in colorectal cancer cells. Knockdown of ATG5 or pre-treatment with autophagy inhibitors significantly reversed isoangustone A-induced apoptotic signaling and loss of cell viability, suggesting autophagy plays an important role in isoangustone A-induced cell death. Isoangustone A inhibited Akt/mTOR signaling, and overexpressing of a constitutively activated Akt mildly suppressed isoangustone A-induced cell death. More importantly, isoangustone A inhibited cellular ATP level and activated AMPK, and pre-treatment with AMPK inhibitor or overexpression of dominant negative AMPKα2 significantly reversed isoangustone A-induced autophagy and cell death. Further study shows isoangustone A dose-dependently inhibited mitochondrial respiration, which could be responsible for isoangustone A-induced activation of AMPK. Finally, isoangustone A at a dosage of 10 mg/kg potently activated AMPK and autophagic signaling in and inhibited the growth of SW480 human colorectal xenograft in vivo. Taken together, induction of autophagy through activation of AMPK is an important mechanism by which isoangustone A inhibits tumor growth, and isoangustone A deserves further investigation as a promising anti-cancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunan Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing 100191, PR China; Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Peking University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Sina Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing 100191, PR China; Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Peking University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Shuai Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing 100191, PR China; Department of Natural Medicines, Peking University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Xiaojin Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing 100191, PR China; Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Peking University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Weijia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing 100191, PR China; Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Peking University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Xue Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing 100191, PR China; Department of Natural Medicines, Peking University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Hongquan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing 100191, PR China; Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Peking University School of Basic Medicinal Sciences, PR China
| | - Min Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing 100191, PR China; Department of Natural Medicines, Peking University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing 100191, PR China.
| | - Siwang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing 100191, PR China; Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Peking University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing 100191, PR China.
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Germain N, Dessein AF, Vienne JC, Dobbelaere D, Mention K, Joncquel M, Dekiouk S, Laine W, Kluza J, Marchetti P. First-line Screening of OXPHOS Deficiencies Using Microscale Oxygraphy in Human Skin Fibroblasts: A Preliminary Study. Int J Med Sci 2019; 16:931-938. [PMID: 31341406 PMCID: PMC6643127 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.32413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The diagnosis of mitochondrial diseases is a real challenge because of the vast clinical and genetic heterogeneity. Classically, the clinical examination and genetic analysis must be completed by several biochemical assays to confirm the diagnosis of mitochondrial disease. Here, we tested the validity of microscale XF technology in measuring oxygen consumption in human skin fibroblasts isolated from 5 pediatric patients with heterogeneous mitochondrial disorders. We first set up the protocol conditions to allow the determination of respiratory parameters including respiration associated with ATP production, proton leak, maximal respiration, and spare respiratory capacity with reproducibility and repeatability. Maximum respiration and spare capacity were the only parameters decreased in patients irrespective of the type of OXPHOS deficiency. These results were confirmed by high-resolution oxygraphy, the reference method to measure cellular respiration. Given the fact that microscale XF technology allows fast, automated and standardized measurements, we propose to use microscale oxygraphy among the first-line methods to screen OXPHOS deficiencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Germain
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, UMR-S 1172 - JPArc - Centre de Recherche Jean-Pierre AUBERT Neurosciences et Cancer, F-59000 Lille, France.,CHU Lille, Centre de Biologie-Pathologie Banque de Tissus, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Anne-Frédérique Dessein
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, UMR-S 1172 - JPArc - Centre de Recherche Jean-Pierre AUBERT Neurosciences et Cancer, F-59000 Lille, France.,CHU Lille, Centre de Biologie-Pathologie UF Métabolisme général, hormonal et maladies rares, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Jean-Claude Vienne
- CHU Lille, Centre de Biologie-Pathologie UF Métabolisme général, hormonal et maladies rares, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Dries Dobbelaere
- CHU Lille, Centre de Référence des maladies héréditaires du métabolisme, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Karine Mention
- CHU Lille, Centre de Référence des maladies héréditaires du métabolisme, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Marie Joncquel
- CHU Lille, Centre de Biologie-Pathologie UF Métabolisme général, hormonal et maladies rares, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Salim Dekiouk
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, UMR-S 1172 - JPArc - Centre de Recherche Jean-Pierre AUBERT Neurosciences et Cancer, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - William Laine
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, UMR-S 1172 - JPArc - Centre de Recherche Jean-Pierre AUBERT Neurosciences et Cancer, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Jérome Kluza
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, UMR-S 1172 - JPArc - Centre de Recherche Jean-Pierre AUBERT Neurosciences et Cancer, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Philippe Marchetti
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, UMR-S 1172 - JPArc - Centre de Recherche Jean-Pierre AUBERT Neurosciences et Cancer, F-59000 Lille, France.,CHU Lille, Centre de Biologie-Pathologie Banque de Tissus, F-59000 Lille, France
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AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Is Essential for the Maintenance of Energy Levels during Synaptic Activation. iScience 2018; 9:1-13. [PMID: 30368077 PMCID: PMC6203244 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2018.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 09/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the brain accounts for only 2% of the total body mass, it consumes the most energy. Neuronal metabolism is tightly controlled, but it remains poorly understood how neurons meet their energy demands to sustain synaptic transmission. Here we provide evidence that AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is pivotal to sustain neuronal energy levels upon synaptic activation by adapting the rate of glycolysis and mitochondrial respiration. Furthermore, this metabolic plasticity is required for the expression of immediate-early genes, synaptic plasticity, and memory formation. Important in this context, in neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer disease, dysregulation of AMPK impairs the metabolic response to synaptic activation and processes that are central to neuronal plasticity. Altogether, our data provide proof of concept that AMPK is an essential player in the regulation of neuroenergetic metabolic plasticity induced in response to synaptic activation and that its deregulation might lead to cognitive impairments. AMPK is rapidly activated following synaptic activation AMPK stimulates neuronal glycolysis and oxidative respiration, i.e., metabolic plasticity Metabolic plasticity ensures the expression of IEGs and long-term memory formation AMPK deregulation, as in Alzheimer disease, prevents metabolic plasticity response
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