1
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Moran MJ, Chen J, Piret JM, Balcarcel RR. Super7 passaging method to improve Chinese hamster ovary cell fed-batch performance. Biotechnol Bioeng 2024. [PMID: 38659198 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells are widely used to manufacture biopharmaceuticals, most of all monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). Some CHO cell lines exhibit production instability, where the productivity of the cells decreases as a function of time in culture. To counter this, we designed a passaging strategy that, rather than maximizing the time spent in log-growth phase, mimics the first 7 days of a fed-batch production process. Cultures passaged using this method had lower net growth rates and were more oxidative throughout 6 weeks of passaging. Fed-batch cultures inoculated by cells passaged using this method had increased net growth rates, oxidative metabolism, and volumetric productivity compared to cells passaged using a conventional strategy. Cells from unstable cell lines passaged by this new method produced 80%-160% more mAbs per unit volume than cells passaged by a conventional method. This new method, named Super7, provides the ability to mitigate the impact of production instability in CHO-K1 cell lines without a need for further cell line creation, genetic engineering, or medium development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Moran
- Bayer U.S. LLC, Pharmaceuticals, BD Cell Culture Development, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Jin Chen
- Bayer U.S. LLC, Pharmaceuticals, BD Cell Culture Development, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - James M Piret
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Michael Smith Laboratories, School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - R Robert Balcarcel
- Bayer U.S. LLC, Pharmaceuticals, BD Cell Culture Development, Berkeley, California, USA
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2
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Coen PM, Huo Z, Tranah GJ, Barnes HN, Zhang X, Wolff CA, Wu K, Cawthon PM, Hepple RT, Toledo FGS, Evans DS, Santiago-Fernández O, Cuervo AM, Kritchevsky SB, Newman AB, Cummings SR, Esser KA. Autophagy gene expression in skeletal muscle of older individuals is associated with physical performance, muscle volume and mitochondrial function in the study of muscle, mobility and aging (SOMMA). Aging Cell 2024:e14118. [PMID: 38627910 DOI: 10.1111/acel.14118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is essential for proteostasis, energetic balance, and cell defense and is a key pathway in aging. Identifying associations between autophagy gene expression patterns in skeletal muscle and physical performance outcomes would further our knowledge of mechanisms related with proteostasis and healthy aging. Muscle biopsies were obtained from participants in the Study of Muscle, Mobility, and Aging (SOMMA). For 575 participants, RNA was sequenced and expression of 281 genes related to autophagy regulation, mitophagy, and mTOR/upstream pathways was determined. Associations between gene expression and outcomes including mitochondrial respiration in muscle fiber bundles (MAX OXPHOS), physical performance (VO2 peak, 400 m walking speed, and leg power), and thigh muscle volume, were determined using negative binomial regression models. For autophagy, key transcriptional regulators including TFE3 and NFKB-related genes (RELA, RELB, and NFKB1) were negatively associated with outcomes. On the contrary, regulators of oxidative metabolism that also promote overall autophagy, mitophagy, and pexophagy (PPARGC1A, PPARA, and EPAS1) were positively associated with multiple outcomes. In line with this, several mitophagy, fusion, and fission-related genes (NIPSNAP2, DNM1L, and OPA1) were also positively associated with outcomes. For mTOR pathway and related genes, expression of WDR59 and WDR24, both subunits of GATOR2 complex (an indirect inhibitor of mTORC1), and PRKAG3, which is a regulatory subunit of AMPK, were negatively correlated with multiple outcomes. Our study identifies autophagy and selective autophagy such as mitophagy gene expression patterns in human skeletal muscle related to physical performance, muscle volume, and mitochondrial function in older persons which may lead to target identification to preserve mobility and independence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul M Coen
- Translational Research Institute, AdventHealth, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Zhiguang Huo
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health & Health Professions, College of Medicine University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Gregory J Tranah
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Haley N Barnes
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Xiping Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Aging, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Christopher A Wolff
- Department of Physiology and Aging, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Kevin Wu
- Department of Physiology and Aging, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Peggy M Cawthon
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Russell T Hepple
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Frederico G S Toledo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Daniel S Evans
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Olaya Santiago-Fernández
- Department of Developmental & Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ana Maria Cuervo
- Department of Developmental & Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Stephen B Kritchevsky
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Anne B Newman
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Steven R Cummings
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Karyn A Esser
- Department of Physiology and Aging, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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3
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Marrone L, Romano S, Malasomma C, Di Giacomo V, Cerullo A, Abate R, Vecchione MA, Fratantonio D, Romano MF. Metabolic vulnerability of cancer stem cells and their niche. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1375993. [PMID: 38659591 PMCID: PMC11039812 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1375993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSC) are the leading cause of the failure of anti-tumor treatments. These aggressive cancer cells are preserved and sustained by adjacent cells forming a specialized microenvironment, termed niche, among which tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are critical players. The cycle of tricarboxylic acids, fatty acid oxidation path, and electron transport chain have been proven to play central roles in the development and maintenance of CSCs and TAMs. By improving their oxidative metabolism, cancer cells are able to extract more energy from nutrients, which allows them to survive in nutritionally defective environments. Because mitochondria are crucial bioenergetic hubs and sites of these metabolic pathways, major hopes are posed for drugs targeting mitochondria. A wide range of medications targeting mitochondria, electron transport chain complexes, or oxidative enzymes are currently investigated in phase 1 and phase 2 clinical trials against hard-to-treat tumors. This review article aims to highlight recent literature on the metabolic adaptations of CSCs and their supporting macrophages. A focus is provided on the resistance and dormancy behaviors that give CSCs a selection advantage and quiescence capacity in particularly hostile microenvironments and the role of TAMs in supporting these attitudes. The article also describes medicaments that have demonstrated a robust ability to disrupt core oxidative metabolism in preclinical cancer studies and are currently being tested in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Marrone
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Simona Romano
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Chiara Malasomma
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Valeria Di Giacomo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Andrea Cerullo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Rosetta Abate
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Deborah Fratantonio
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, LUM University Giuseppe Degennaro, Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Fiammetta Romano
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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4
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Venckunas T, Satas A, Brazaitis M, Eimantas N, Sipaviciene S, Kamandulis S. Near-InfraRed Spectroscopy Provides a Reproducible Estimate of Muscle Aerobic Capacity, but Not Whole-Body Aerobic Power. Sensors (Basel) 2024; 24:2277. [PMID: 38610488 PMCID: PMC11014184 DOI: 10.3390/s24072277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) during repeated limb occlusions is a noninvasive tool for assessing muscle oxidative capacity. However, the method's reliability and validity remain under investigation. This study aimed to determine the reliability of the NIRS-derived mitochondrial power of the musculus vastus lateralis and its correlation with whole-body (cycling) aerobic power (V̇O2 peak). Eleven healthy active men (28 ± 10 y) twice (2 days apart) underwent repeated arterial occlusions to induce changes in muscle oxygen delivery after 15 s of electrical muscle stimulation. The muscle oxygen consumption (mV̇O2) recovery time and rate (k) constants were calculated from the NIRS O2Hb signal. We assessed the reliability (coefficient of variation and intraclass coefficient of correlation [ICC]) and equivalency (t-test) between visits. The results showed high reproducibility for the mV̇O2 recovery time constant (ICC = 0.859) and moderate reproducibility for the k value (ICC = 0.674), with no significant differences between visits (p > 0.05). NIRS-derived k did not correlate with the V̇O2 peak relative to body mass (r = 0.441, p = 0.17) or the absolute V̇O2 peak (r = 0.366, p = 0.26). In conclusion, NIRS provides a reproducible estimate of muscle mitochondrial power, which, however, was not correlated with whole-body aerobic capacity in the current study, suggesting that even if somewhat overlapping, not the same set of factors underpin these distinct indices of aerobic capacity at the different (peripheral and whole-body systemic) levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Venckunas
- Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University, 44221 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Andrius Satas
- Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University, 44221 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Marius Brazaitis
- Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University, 44221 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Nerijus Eimantas
- Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University, 44221 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Saule Sipaviciene
- Department of Health Promotion and Rehabilitation, Lithuanian Sports University, 44221 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Sigitas Kamandulis
- Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University, 44221 Kaunas, Lithuania
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5
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Concepcion JT, Kaundun SS, Morris JA, Brandenburg AN, Riechers DE. Metabolism of the 4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvate Dioxygenase Inhibitor, Mesotrione, in Multiple-Herbicide-Resistant Palmer amaranth ( Amaranthus palmeri). J Agric Food Chem 2024; 72:5595-5608. [PMID: 38446412 PMCID: PMC10959109 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c06903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Metabolic resistance to the maize-selective, HPPD-inhibiting herbicide, mesotrione, occurs via Phase I ring hydroxylation in resistant waterhemp and Palmer amaranth; however, mesotrione detoxification pathways post-Phase I are unknown. This research aims to (1) evaluate Palmer amaranth populations for mesotrione resistance via survivorship, foliar injury, and aboveground biomass, (2) determine mesotrione metabolism rates in Palmer amaranth populations during a time course, and (3) identify mesotrione metabolites including and beyond Phase I oxidation. The Palmer amaranth populations, SYNR1 and SYNR2, exhibited higher survival rates (100%), aboveground biomass (c.a. 50%), and lower injury (25-30%) following mesotrione treatment than other populations studied. These two populations also metabolized mesotrione 2-fold faster than sensitive populations, PPI1 and PPI2, and rapidly formed 4-OH-mesotrione. Additionally, SYNR1 and SYNR2 formed 5-OH-mesotrione, which is not produced in high abundance in waterhemp or naturally tolerant maize. Metabolite features derived from 4/5-OH-mesotrione and potential Phase II mesotrione-conjugates were detected and characterized by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LCMS).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shiv S. Kaundun
- Herbicide
Bioscience, Syngenta, Jealott’s Hill
International Research Centre, Bracknell, Berkshire RG42
6EY, U.K.
| | - James A. Morris
- Herbicide
Bioscience, Syngenta, Jealott’s Hill
International Research Centre, Bracknell, Berkshire RG42
6EY, U.K.
| | - Autumn N. Brandenburg
- Department
of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois
at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Dean E. Riechers
- Department
of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois
at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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6
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Doblado L, Díaz LE, Nova E, Marcos A, Monsalve M. Intestinal Effects of Filtered Alkalinized Water in Lean and Obese Zucker Rats. Microorganisms 2024; 12:316. [PMID: 38399722 PMCID: PMC10892922 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12020316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the intestinal effects of alkalinized filtered water in lean and obese adult Zucker rats. For 3 months, 12-week-old rats consumed either tap water or filtered alkalinized tap water from Madrid city. Weight gain was monitored, changes in metabolism were evaluated by indirect calorimetry, and total antioxidant capacity and levels of inflammatory mediators were measured in plasma. Feces were collected, their microbial composition was analyzed and histological analysis of the small and large intestine was performed, assessing the general state of the mucosa (MUC2), the inflammatory state (F4/80) and the presence of oxidative modifications in protein 4-Hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) by immunofluorescence (IF) and immunohistochemistry (IHC). The results obtained showed that the consumption of alkalinized filtered water improved the composition of the intestinal microbiome and the state of the intestinal mucosa, reducing both local and systemic inflammation and the level of oxidative stress. These changes were accompanied by a better maintenance of the oxidative status in rats. No differences were observed in antioxidant capacity nor in weight gain. The incorporation of probiotics in the diet had a significant impact on the microbiome. These effects were indicative of an improvement in general metabolic, oxidative and inflammatory status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Doblado
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Sols-Morreale (CSIC-UAM), Arturo Duperier 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Ligia Esperanza Díaz
- Institute of Science, Food Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), José Antonio Nováis 6, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (L.E.D.); (E.N.); (A.M.)
| | - Esther Nova
- Institute of Science, Food Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), José Antonio Nováis 6, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (L.E.D.); (E.N.); (A.M.)
| | - Ascensión Marcos
- Institute of Science, Food Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), José Antonio Nováis 6, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (L.E.D.); (E.N.); (A.M.)
| | - María Monsalve
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Sols-Morreale (CSIC-UAM), Arturo Duperier 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
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7
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Braverman EL, McQuaid MA, Schuler H, Qin M, Hani S, Hippen K, Monlish DA, Dobbs AK, Ramsey MJ, Kemp F, Wittmann C, Ramgopal A, Brown H, Blazar B, Byersdorfer CA. Overexpression of AMPKγ2 increases AMPK signaling to augment human T cell metabolism and function. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:105488. [PMID: 38000657 PMCID: PMC10825059 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular therapies are currently employed to treat a variety of disease processes. For T cell-based therapies, success often relies on the metabolic fitness of the T cell product, where cells with enhanced metabolic capacity demonstrate improved in vivo efficacy. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a cellular energy sensor which combines environmental signals with cellular energy status to enforce efficient and flexible metabolic programming. We hypothesized that increasing AMPK activity in human T cells would augment their oxidative capacity, creating an ideal product for adoptive cellular therapies. Lentiviral transduction of the regulatory AMPKγ2 subunit stably enhanced intrinsic AMPK signaling and promoted mitochondrial respiration with increased basal oxygen consumption rates, higher maximal oxygen consumption rate, and augmented spare respiratory capacity. These changes were accompanied by increased proliferation and inflammatory cytokine production, particularly within restricted glucose environments. Introduction of AMPKγ2 into bulk CD4 T cells decreased RNA expression of canonical Th2 genes, including the cytokines interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-5, while introduction of AMPKγ2 into individual Th subsets universally favored proinflammatory cytokine production and a downregulation of IL-4 production in Th2 cells. When AMPKγ2 was overexpressed in regulatory T cells, both in vitro proliferation and suppressive capacity increased. Together, these data suggest that augmenting intrinsic AMPK signaling via overexpression of AMPKγ2 can improve the expansion and functional potential of human T cells for use in a variety of adoptive cellular therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica L Braverman
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplant and Cellular Therapies, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Margaret A McQuaid
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplant and Cellular Therapies, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Herbert Schuler
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplant and Cellular Therapies, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mengtao Qin
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplant and Cellular Therapies, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Sophia Hani
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Keli Hippen
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Darlene A Monlish
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplant and Cellular Therapies, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Andrea K Dobbs
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplant and Cellular Therapies, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Manda J Ramsey
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplant and Cellular Therapies, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Felicia Kemp
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplant and Cellular Therapies, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Christopher Wittmann
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplant and Cellular Therapies, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Archana Ramgopal
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplant and Cellular Therapies, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Harrison Brown
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplant and Cellular Therapies, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Bruce Blazar
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Craig A Byersdorfer
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplant and Cellular Therapies, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
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8
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Thoppil J, Mehta P, Bartels B, Sharma D, Farrar JD. Impact of norepinephrine on immunity and oxidative metabolism in sepsis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1271098. [PMID: 38022663 PMCID: PMC10662053 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1271098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a major health problem in the United States (US), constituting a leading contributor to mortality among critically ill patients. Despite advances in treatment the underlying pathophysiology of sepsis remains elusive. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have a significant role in antimicrobial host defense and inflammation and its dysregulation leads to maladaptive responses because of excessive inflammation. There is growing evidence for crosstalk between the central nervous system and the immune system in response to infection. The hypothalamic-pituitary and adrenal axis and the sympathetic nervous system are the two major pathways that mediate this interaction. Epinephrine (Epi) and norepinephrine (NE), respectively are the effectors of these interactions. Upon stimulation, NE is released from sympathetic nerve terminals locally within lymphoid organs and activate adrenoreceptors expressed on immune cells. Similarly, epinephrine secreted from the adrenal gland which is released systemically also exerts influence on immune cells. However, understanding the specific impact of neuroimmunity is still in its infancy. In this review, we focus on the sympathetic nervous system, specifically the role the neurotransmitter norepinephrine has on immune cells. Norepinephrine has been shown to modulate immune cell responses leading to increased anti-inflammatory and blunting of pro-inflammatory effects. Furthermore, there is evidence to suggest that norepinephrine is involved in regulating oxidative metabolism in immune cells. This review attempts to summarize the known effects of norepinephrine on immune cell response and oxidative metabolism in response to infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joby Thoppil
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Texas, Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Prayag Mehta
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Texas, Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Brett Bartels
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Texas, Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Drashya Sharma
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas (UT) Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - J. David Farrar
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas (UT) Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
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9
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Ismaeel A, Thomas NT, McCashland M, Vechetti IJ, Edman S, Lanner JT, Figueiredo VC, Fry CS, McCarthy JJ, Wen Y, Murach KA, von Walden F. Coordinated Regulation of Myonuclear DNA Methylation, mRNA, and miRNA Levels Associates With the Metabolic Response to Rapid Synergist Ablation-Induced Skeletal Muscle Hypertrophy in Female Mice. Function (Oxf) 2023; 5:zqad062. [PMID: 38020067 PMCID: PMC10666992 DOI: 10.1093/function/zqad062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The central dogma of molecular biology dictates the general flow of molecular information from DNA that leads to a functional cellular outcome. In skeletal muscle fibers, the extent to which global myonuclear transcriptional alterations, accounting for epigenetic and post-transcriptional influences, contribute to an adaptive stress response is not clearly defined. In this investigation, we leveraged an integrated analysis of the myonucleus-specific DNA methylome and transcriptome, as well as myonuclear small RNA profiling to molecularly define the early phase of skeletal muscle fiber hypertrophy. The analysis of myonucleus-specific mature microRNA and other small RNA species provides new directions for exploring muscle adaptation and complemented the methylation and transcriptional information. Our integrated multi-omics interrogation revealed a coordinated myonuclear molecular landscape during muscle loading that coincides with an acute and rapid reduction of oxidative metabolism. This response may favor a biosynthesis-oriented metabolic program that supports rapid hypertrophic growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Ismaeel
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40508, USA
- Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Nicholas T Thomas
- Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
- Department of Athletic Training and Clinical Nutrition, College of Health Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Mariah McCashland
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
| | - Ivan J Vechetti
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
| | - Sebastian Edman
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, Solna 17177, Sweden
| | - Johanna T Lanner
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna 17177, Sweden
| | - Vandré C Figueiredo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48309, USA
| | - Christopher S Fry
- Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
- Department of Athletic Training and Clinical Nutrition, College of Health Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - John J McCarthy
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40508, USA
- Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Yuan Wen
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40508, USA
- Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Kevin A Murach
- Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, Exercise Science Research Center, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Ferdinand von Walden
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, Solna 17177, Sweden
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10
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Coen PM, Huo Z, Tranah GJ, Barnes HN, Cawthon PM, Hepple RT, Toledo FGS, Evans DS, Fernández OS, Cuervo AM, Kritchevsky SB, Newman AB, Cummings SR, Esser KA. Autophagy gene expression in skeletal muscle of older individuals is associated with physical performance, muscle volume and mitochondrial function in the Study of Muscle, Mobility and Aging (SOMMA). medRxiv 2023:2023.11.04.23297979. [PMID: 37961308 PMCID: PMC10635272 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.04.23297979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is an essential component of proteostasis and a key pathway in aging. Identifying associations between autophagy gene expression patterns in skeletal muscle and physical performance outcomes would further our knowledge of mechanisms related with proteostasis and healthy aging. Muscle biopsies were obtained from participants in the Study of Muscle, Mobility and Aging (SOMMA). For 575 participants, RNA was sequenced and expression of 281 genes related to autophagy regulation, mitophagy and mTOR/upstream pathways were determined. Associations between gene expression and outcomes including mitochondrial respiration in muscle fiber bundles (MAX OXPHOS), physical performance (VO2 peak, 400m walking speed, and leg power), and thigh muscle volume were determined using negative binomial regression models. For autophagy, key transcriptional regulators including TFE3 and NFKB-related genes (RELA, RELB, NFKB1) were negatively associated with outcomes. On the contrary, regulators of oxidative metabolism that also promote overall autophagy, mitophagy and pexophagy (PPARGC1A, PPARA, EPAS1) were positively associated with multiple outcomes. In line with this, several mitophagy, fusion and fission related genes (NIPSNAP2, DNM1L, OPA1) were also positively associated with outcomes. For mTOR pathway and related genes, expression of WDR59 and WDR24, both subunits of GATOR2 complex (an indirect inhibitor of mTORC1) and PRKAG3, which is a regulatory subunit of AMPK, were negatively correlated with multiple outcomes. Our study identifies autophagy and selective autophagy such as mitophagy gene expression patterns in human skeletal muscle related to physical performance, muscle volume and mitochondrial function in older persons which may lead to target identification to preserve mobility and independence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul M Coen
- Translational Research Institute, Advent Health, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Zhiguang Huo
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health & Health Professions, College of Medicine University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Gregory J Tranah
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Haley N Barnes
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Peggy M Cawthon
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Russell T Hepple
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Frederico G S Toledo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Daniel S Evans
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Olaya Santiago Fernández
- Department of Developmental & Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ana Maria Cuervo
- Department of Developmental & Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Steven B Kritchevsky
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Anne B Newman
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Steven R Cummings
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Karyn A Esser
- Department of Physiology and Ageing, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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11
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Shirai T, Iwata T, Uemichi K, Tanimura R, Iwai R, Takemasa T. The effect of serum from calorie-restricted mouse on mTOR signaling in C2C12 myotubes. J Endocrinol 2023; 259:e230111. [PMID: 37606077 DOI: 10.1530/joe-23-0111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Graphical abstract Abstract Calorie restriction (CR) is a widely recognized dietary approach with beneficial impacts on the entire body, including enhancements in oxidative metabolism and life span extension, while maintaining nutritional balance and calorie intake. However, CR leads to reductions in skeletal muscle and fat mass due to decreased food intake. Consequently, CR significantly modifies the metabolic profile of the entire body and its tissues. The observed benefits in skeletal muscle during CR may be attributed to CR-induced signaling mediators or significant changes in blood profiles associated with CR that regulate homeostasis maintenance. This study aimed to examine the mammalian target of rapamycin signaling and mitochondrial function of skeletal muscle from mice that undergone 8 weeks of CR and cells cultured in their serum to determine whether changes in blood secreted factors during CR affect skeletal muscle cells. C57BL6/J male mice were used. For 8 weeks, these were subjected to ad libitum (AL) or 40% CR. C2C12 myotubes were subsequently treated with media containing 10% mouse serum from AL or CR for 24 h. The results indicated that 8 weeks of CR decreased muscle mass and protein synthesis response compared with the AL group. Interestingly, myotubes conditioned with CR serum exhibited an elevation in the protein synthesis response compared with those treated with AL serum. Furthermore, mitochondrial function was enhanced in both CR mice and cells treated with CR serum. These findings suggest that while CR decreases the protein synthesis response, secretory factors present in the blood during CR can activate protein synthesis and promote mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takanaga Shirai
- Institute of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Research Fellow of Japan Society for Promotion Science, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Human Sciences, Kanagawa University, Rokkakubashi, Kanagawa-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Iwata
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kazuki Uemichi
- Research Fellow of Japan Society for Promotion Science, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Riku Tanimura
- Research Fellow of Japan Society for Promotion Science, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Ryoto Iwai
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Tohru Takemasa
- Institute of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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12
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Bobori SN, Zhu Y, Saarinen A, Liuzzo AJ, Folmes CDL. Metabolic Remodeling during Early Cardiac Lineage Specification of Pluripotent Stem Cells. Metabolites 2023; 13:1086. [PMID: 37887411 PMCID: PMC10608731 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13101086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence indicates that metabolites and energy metabolism play an active rather than consequential role in regulating cellular fate. Cardiac development requires dramatic metabolic remodeling from relying primarily on glycolysis in pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) to oxidizing a wide array of energy substrates to match the high bioenergetic demands of continuous contraction in the developed heart. However, a detailed analysis of how remodeling of energy metabolism contributes to human cardiac development is lacking. Using dynamic multiple reaction monitoring metabolomics of central carbon metabolism, we evaluated temporal changes in energy metabolism during human PSC 3D cardiac lineage specification. Significant metabolic remodeling occurs during the complete differentiation, yet temporal analysis revealed that most changes occur during transitions from pluripotency to mesoderm (day 1) and mesoderm to early cardiac (day 5), with limited maturation of cardiac metabolism beyond day 5. Real-time metabolic analysis demonstrated that while hPSC cardiomyocytes (hPSC-CM) showed elevated rates of oxidative metabolism compared to PSCs, they still retained high glycolytic rates, confirming an immature metabolic phenotype. These observations support the opportunity to metabolically optimize the differentiation process to support lineage specification and maturation of hPSC-CMs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Clifford D. L. Folmes
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Center for Regenerative Biotherapeutics, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, USA; (S.N.B.)
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Román-Camacho JJ, García-García I, Santos-Dueñas IM, García-Martínez T, Mauricio JC. Latest Trends in Industrial Vinegar Production and the Role of Acetic Acid Bacteria: Classification, Metabolism, and Applications-A Comprehensive Review. Foods 2023; 12:3705. [PMID: 37835358 PMCID: PMC10572879 DOI: 10.3390/foods12193705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Vinegar is one of the most appreciated fermented foods in European and Asian countries. In industry, its elaboration depends on numerous factors, including the nature of starter culture and raw material, as well as the production system and operational conditions. Furthermore, vinegar is obtained by the action of acetic acid bacteria (AAB) on an alcoholic medium in which ethanol is transformed into acetic acid. Besides the highlighted oxidative metabolism of AAB, their versatility and metabolic adaptability make them a taxonomic group with several biotechnological uses. Due to new and rapid advances in this field, this review attempts to approach the current state of knowledge by firstly discussing fundamental aspects related to industrial vinegar production and then exploring aspects related to AAB: classification, metabolism, and applications. Emphasis has been placed on an exhaustive taxonomic review considering the progressive increase in the number of new AAB species and genera, especially those with recognized biotechnological potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan J. Román-Camacho
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Edaphology and Microbiology, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence ceiA3, University of Córdoba, 14014 Córdoba, Spain; (J.J.R.-C.); (T.G.-M.); (J.C.M.)
| | - Isidoro García-García
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence ceiA3, Nano Chemistry Institute (IUNAN), University of Córdoba, 14014 Córdoba, Spain;
| | - Inés M. Santos-Dueñas
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence ceiA3, Nano Chemistry Institute (IUNAN), University of Córdoba, 14014 Córdoba, Spain;
| | - Teresa García-Martínez
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Edaphology and Microbiology, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence ceiA3, University of Córdoba, 14014 Córdoba, Spain; (J.J.R.-C.); (T.G.-M.); (J.C.M.)
| | - Juan C. Mauricio
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Edaphology and Microbiology, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence ceiA3, University of Córdoba, 14014 Córdoba, Spain; (J.J.R.-C.); (T.G.-M.); (J.C.M.)
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14
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Blasi-Brugué C, Martínez-Flórez I, Baxarias M, del Rio-Velasco J, Solano-Gallego L. Exploring the Relationship between Neutrophil Activation and Different States of Canine L. infantum Infection: Nitroblue Tetrazolium Test and IFN-γ. Vet Sci 2023; 10:572. [PMID: 37756094 PMCID: PMC10535614 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10090572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the role of neutrophils in canine leishmaniosis by assessing neutrophil activation and its relationship with different states of L. infantum infection and antibody and IFN-γ production. Dogs were categorized into five groups: healthy-seronegative (n = 25), healthy-seropositive (n = 21), LeishVet-stage I (n = 25), Leishvet-stage II (n = 41), and LeishVet-stage III-IV (n = 16). Results of the nitroblue tetrazolium reduction test (NBT) showed significantly higher neutrophil activation in stage I (median:17.17, range: [7.33-31.50]%) compared to in healthy-seronegative (4.10 [1.20-18.00]%), healthy-seropositive (7.65 [3.98-21.74]%), stage II (6.50 [1.50-28.70]%), and stage III-IV (7.50 [3.00-16.75]%) groups (p < 0.0001). Healthy-seropositive dogs also displayed higher values than all groups except stage I. Stages II and III-IV did not show significant differences compared to healthy-seronegative. Regarding IFN-γ, stage I dogs had higher concentrations (median:127.90, range: [0-3998.00] pg/mL) than healthy-seronegative (0 [0-109.50] pg/mL) (p = 0.0002), stage II (9.00 [0-5086.00] pg/mL) (p = 0.045), and stage III-IV (3.50 [80.00-548.80] pg/mL) (p = 0.02) dogs. Stage II dogs showed increased IFN-γ compared to healthy-seronegative dogs (p = 0.015), while stage III-IV dogs had no significant differences compared to healthy-seronegative dogs (p = 0.12). Healthy-seropositive dogs had elevated IFN-γ concentrations compared to healthy-seronegative dogs (p = 0.001) and dogs in stage III-IV (p = 0.03). In conclusion, neutrophil activation was higher in dogs with mild disease and healthy-seropositive dogs, and a relationship between neutrophil activation and the production of IFN-γ was found.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Laia Solano-Gallego
- Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain; (C.B.-B.); (I.M.-F.); (M.B.); (J.d.R.-V.)
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15
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Ren J, Ren A, Huang Z, Deng X, Jiang Z, Xue Y, Fu Z, Smith LE, Ke M, Gong Y. Metabolomic Profiling of Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Oxidation in Adults with Retinal Vein Occlusion: A Case-Control Study. Am J Clin Nutr 2023; 118:579-590. [PMID: 37454758 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2023.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs) and their metabolites are closely related to neovascular eye diseases. However, the clinical significance of their oxylipins in retinal vein occlusion (RVO) remains inconclusive. OBJECTIVES This case-control study aimed to explore metabolomic profiles of LCPUFA oxidation in RVO and to identify potential indicators for diagnosis and pathologic progression. METHODS The plasma concentrations of ω-3 (n-3) and ω-6 (n-6) LCPUFA and their oxylipins in 44 adults with RVO and 36 normal controls were analyzed using ultraperformance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Univariate analysis combined with principal component and orthogonal projections to latent structure discriminant analysis was used to screen differential metabolites. Aortic ring and choroidal explant sprouting assays were used to investigate the effects of 5-oxo-eicosatetraenoic acids (ETE) on angiogenesis ex vivo. Tubule formation and wound healing assays were performed to verify its effects on human retinal microvascular endothelial cell functions. RESULTS Higher ω-6 and lower ω-3 LCPUFA plasma concentrations were measured in the adults with RVO compared with control (odds ratio [OR]: 2.34; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.42, 3.86; P < 0.001; OR: 0.28; 95% CI: 0.15, 0.51; P < 0.001). Metabolomic analysis revealed 20 LCPUFA and their oxylipins dysregulated in RVO, including increased arachidonic acid (ω-6, OR: 1.85; 95% CI: 1.18, 2.90; P < 0.001) and its lipoxygenase product 5-oxo-ETE (OR: 11.76; 95% CI: 3.73, 37.11; P < 0.001), as well as decreased docosahexaenoic acid (ω-3, OR: 0.13; 95% CI: 0.05, 0.33; P < 0.001). Interestingly, 5-oxo-ETE was downregulated in ischemic compared with nonischemic central RVO. Exogenous 5-oxo-ETE attenuated aortic ring and choroidal explant sprouting and inhibited tubule formation and migration of human retinal microvascular endothelial cells in a dose-dependent manner, possibly via suppressing the vascular endothelial growth factor signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS The plasma concentrations of ω-6 and ω-3 LCPUFA and their oxylipins were associated with RVO. The ω-6 LCPUFA-derived metabolite 5-oxo-ETE was a potential marker of RVO development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangbo Ren
- Department of Biological Repositories, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Department of Ophthalmology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Anli Ren
- Department of Biological Repositories, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Department of Ophthalmology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhengrong Huang
- Department of Biological Repositories, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Tumor Precision Diagnosis and Treatment Technology and Translational Medicine, Hubei Engineering Research Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xizhi Deng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ziyu Jiang
- Department of Biological Repositories, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Tumor Precision Diagnosis and Treatment Technology and Translational Medicine, Hubei Engineering Research Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Human Genetics Resource Preservation Center of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanni Xue
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhongjie Fu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Lois Eh Smith
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Min Ke
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Yan Gong
- Department of Biological Repositories, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Tumor Precision Diagnosis and Treatment Technology and Translational Medicine, Hubei Engineering Research Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Human Genetics Resource Preservation Center of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
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16
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Garbarino O, Valenti GE, Monteleone L, Pietra G, Mingari MC, Benzi A, Bruzzone S, Ravera S, Leardi R, Farinini E, Vernazza S, Grottoli M, Marengo B, Domenicotti C. PLX4032 resistance of patient-derived melanoma cells: crucial role of oxidative metabolism. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1210130. [PMID: 37534247 PMCID: PMC10391174 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1210130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Malignant melanoma is the most lethal form of skin cancer which shows BRAF mutation in 50% of patients. In this context, the identification of BRAFV600E mutation led to the development of specific inhibitors like PLX4032. Nevertheless, although its initial success, its clinical efficacy is reduced after six-months of therapy leading to cancer relapse due to the onset of drug resistance. Therefore, investigating the mechanisms underlying PLX4032 resistance is fundamental to improve therapy efficacy. In this context, several models of PLX4032 resistance have been developed, but the discrepancy between in vitro and in vivo results often limits their clinical translation. Methods The herein reported model has been realized by treating with PLX4032, for six months, patient-derived BRAF-mutated melanoma cells in order to obtain a reliable model of acquired PLX4032 resistance that could be predictive of patient's treatment responses. Metabolic analyses were performed by evaluating glucose consumption, ATP synthesis, oxygen consumption rate, P/O ratio, ATP/AMP ratio, lactate release, lactate dehydrogenase activity, NAD+/NADH ratio and pyruvate dehydrogenase activity in parental and drug resistant melanoma cells. The intracellular oxidative state was analyzed in terms of reactive oxygen species production, glutathione levels and NADPH/NADP+ ratio. In addition, a principal component analysis was conducted in order to identify the variables responsible for the acquisition of targeted therapy resistance. Results Collectively, our results demonstrate, for the first time in patient-derived melanoma cells, that the rewiring of oxidative phosphorylation and the maintenance of pyruvate dehydrogenase activity and of high glutathione levels contribute to trigger the onset of PLX4032 resistance. Conclusion Therefore, it is possible to hypothesize that inhibitors of glutathione biosynthesis and/or pyruvate dehydrogenase activity could be used in combination with PLX4032 to overcome drug resistance of BRAF-mutated melanoma patients. However, the identification of new adjuvant targets related to drug-induced metabolic reprogramming could be crucial to counteract the failure of targeted therapy in metastatic melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ombretta Garbarino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, General Pathology Section, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Giulia Elda Valenti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, General Pathology Section, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Monteleone
- Department of Experimental Medicine, General Pathology Section, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Gabriella Pietra
- Department of Experimental Medicine, General Pathology Section, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Mingari
- Department of Experimental Medicine, General Pathology Section, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | - Andrea Benzi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Biochemistry Section, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Santina Bruzzone
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Biochemistry Section, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Silvia Ravera
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Human Anatomy Section, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | | | | | - Stefania Vernazza
- Department of Experimental Medicine, General Pathology Section, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Melania Grottoli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, General Pathology Section, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Barbara Marengo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, General Pathology Section, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Cinzia Domenicotti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, General Pathology Section, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
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Bonato A, Raparelli G, Luvisetto S, Forconi F, Cosentino M, Tirone F, Rizzuto E, Caruso M. Cyclin D3 deficiency promotes a slower, more oxidative skeletal muscle phenotype and ameliorates pathophysiology in the mdx mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. FASEB J 2023; 37:e23025. [PMID: 37309599 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202201769r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We previously reported that cyclin D3-null mice display a shift toward the slow, oxidative phenotype in skeletal muscle, improved exercise endurance, and increased energy expenditure. Here, we explored the role of cyclin D3 in the physiologic response of skeletal muscle to external stimuli and in a model of muscle degenerative disease. We show that cyclin D3-null mice exhibit a further transition from glycolytic to oxidative muscle fiber type in response to voluntary exercise and an improved response to fasting. Since fast glycolytic fibers are known to be more susceptible to degeneration in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), we examined the effects of cyclin D3 inactivation on skeletal muscle phenotype in the mdx mouse model of DMD. Compared with control mdx mice, cyclin D3-deficient mdx mice display a higher proportion of slower and more oxidative myofibers, reduced muscle degenerative/regenerative processes, and reduced myofiber size variability, indicating an attenuation of dystrophic histopathology. Furthermore, mdx muscles lacking cyclin D3 exhibit reduced fatigability during repeated electrical stimulations. Notably, cyclin D3-null mdx mice show enhanced performance during recurrent trials of endurance treadmill exercise, and post-exercise muscle damage results decreased while the regenerative capacity is boosted. In addition, muscles from exercised cyclin D3-deficient mdx mice display increased oxidative capacity and increased mRNA expression of genes involved in the regulation of oxidative metabolism and the response to oxidative stress. Altogether, our findings indicate that depletion of cyclin D3 confers benefits to dystrophic muscle, suggesting that cyclin D3 inhibition may represent a promising therapeutic strategy against DMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnese Bonato
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council, Monterotondo, Italy
| | - Giada Raparelli
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council, Monterotondo, Italy
| | - Siro Luvisetto
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council, Monterotondo, Italy
| | - Flavia Forconi
- DAHFMO-Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Marianna Cosentino
- DAHFMO-Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Felice Tirone
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council, Monterotondo, Italy
| | - Emanuele Rizzuto
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Maurizia Caruso
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council, Monterotondo, Italy
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Grassi B, Hogan MC, Alemayehu HK, Aschenbach WG, Hamann JJ, Kelley KM, Wagner PD, Gladden LB. Combination of hyperoxia and a right-shifted HbO 2 dissociation curve delays V̇O 2 kinetics during maximal contractions in isolated muscle. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2023. [PMID: 37391886 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00131.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute enhancement of peripheral O2 diffusion may accelerate skeletal muscle O2 uptake (V̇O2) kinetics and lessen fatigue during transitions from rest to maximal contractions. Surgically isolated canine gastrocnemius muscles in situ (n=6) were studied during transitions from rest to 4-min of electrically stimulated isometric tetanic contractions at V̇O2peak, in two conditions: normoxia (CTRL) and hyperoxia (FIO2=1.00) + administration of a drug (RSR-13) which right-shifts the Hb-O2 dissociation curve (Hyperoxia+RSR13). Prior to and during contractions muscles were pump-perfused with blood at constant elevated flow ( ) and infused with the vasodilator adenosine. Arterial (CaO2) and muscle venous (CvO2) O2 concentrations were determined at rest and at 5-7 s intervals during contractions; V̇O2 was calculated as .(CaO2-CvO2). PO2 at 50% of Hb saturation (standard P50) and mean microvascular PO2 (PmvO2) were calculated by the Hill equation and a numerical integration technique. P50 (42±7 (x±SD) mmHg vs. 33±2, P=0.02) and PmvO2 (218±73 mmHg vs. 49±4, P=0.003) were higher Hyperoxia+RSR13. Muscle force and fatigue were not different in the two conditions. V̇O2 kinetics (monoexponential fitting) were unexpectedly slower in Hyperoxia+RSR13, due to a longer time delay (TD) (9.9±1.7 s vs. 4.4±2.2 [P=0.001]), whereas the time constant (t) was not different (13.7±4.3 s vs. 12.3±1.9 [P=0.37]); the mean response time (TD+t) was longer in Hyperoxia+RSR13 (23.6±3.5 s vs. 16.7±3.2 [P=0.003]). Increased O2 availability deriving, in Hyperoxia+RSR13, from higher PmvO2 and from presumably greater intramuscular O2 stores, did not accelerate the primary component of the V̇O2 kinetics, and delayed the metabolic activation of oxidative phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Grassi
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Michael C Hogan
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Hailu K Alemayehu
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
- Department of Physiology, St. Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | | | - Jason J Hamann
- School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Kevin M Kelley
- School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Peter D Wagner
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - L Bruce Gladden
- School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
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Sanford JD, Franklin D, Grois GA, Jin A, Zhang Y. Carnitine o-octanoyltransferase (CROT) is a p53 target that promotes oxidative metabolism and cell survival following nutrient starvation. J Biol Chem 2023:104908. [PMID: 37307919 PMCID: PMC10339192 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Whereas it is known that p53 broadly regulates cell metabolism, the specific activities that mediate this regulation remain partially understood. Here, we identified carnitine o-octanoyltransferase (CROT) as a p53 transactivation target that is upregulated by cellular stresses in a p53-dependent manner. CROT is a peroxisomal enzyme catalyzing very long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs) conversion to medium chain fatty acids (MCFAs) that can be absorbed by mitochondria during β-oxidation. p53 induces CROT transcription through binding to consensus response elements in the 5'-UTR of CROT mRNA. Overexpression of wild type but not enzymatically inactive mutant CROT promotes mitochondrial oxidative respiration, while down-regulation of CROT inhibits mitochondrial oxidative respiration. Nutrient depletion induces p53-dependent CROT expression that facilitates cell growth and survival; in contrast cells deficient in CROT have blunted cell growth and reduced survival during nutrient depletion. Together, these data are consistent with a model where p53-regulated CROT expression allows cells to be more efficiently utilizing stored VLCFAs to survive nutrient depletion stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack D Sanford
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA; Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Derek Franklin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Gabriella A Grois
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Aiwen Jin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Yanping Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA; Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA.
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20
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Okutucu FT, Kırpınar İ, Deveci E, Kızıltunç A. Cognitive Functions in Obsessive Compulsive Disorder and Its Relationship with Oxidative Metabolism. Noro Psikiyatr Ars 2023; 60:134-142. [PMID: 37287562 PMCID: PMC10242277 DOI: 10.29399/npa.28122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction While data on oxidative stress in psychiatric disorders are increasing, studies on obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) are limited. Although many studies report neurocognitive deficits in OCD, to our knowledge, no study exists examining the relationship between neurocognitive functions and oxidative stress in OCD. This study investigated the neurocognitive functions in OCD and its relationship with OCD severity and oxidative metabolism. Methods In our study, 50 OCD patients and 50 healthy controls were included. The groups were well-matched for age, gender, education years, and other socio-demographic characteristics. Comorbid psychiatric diagnoses were excluded. To assess cognitive functions, a battery of neurocognitive tests was used. Oxidative metabolism parameters such as oxidants homocysteine, malondialdehyde, nitric oxide and antioxidants; sialic acid and glutathione peroxidase were measured. Obsessive-compulsive disorder severity was assessed with Yale-Brown-Obsession-Compulsion-Scale (YBOCS). Patients with OCD and control groups were compared in terms of neurocognitive functions, oxidative stress and OCD severity. Results OCD group performed significantly worse in various aspects of attention, memory, executive functions (p<0.05). Homocysteine, nitric oxide, malondialdehyde, sialic acid levels were significantly (p<0.05) higher, glutathione peroxidase was significantly (p<0.05) lower in patients versus controls. Yale-Brown-Obsession-Compulsion-Scale scores correlated negatively with most of neurocognitive functions. The relationship between oxidative parameters and cognitive tests was contradictory as some results were opposite to what was expected. Conclusions Cognition is affected by OCD and worsens with disorder severity. Considering oxidative parameters were meaningful in patients, oxidative metabolism may be a risk factor for OCD. However, more studies are needed to evaluate the effect of oxidative metabolism on cognitive functions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - İsmet Kırpınar
- Department of Psychiatry, Ataturk University Medical Faculty, Erzurum, Turkey
- Department of Psychiatry, Bezmialem Vakıf University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Erdem Deveci
- Department of Psychiatry, Ataturk University Medical Faculty, Erzurum, Turkey
- Department of Psychiatry, Bezmialem Vakıf University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Kızıltunç
- Department of Biochemistry, Ataturk University Medical Faculty, Erzurum, Turkey
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Keeney JN, Winters A, Sitcheran R, West AP. NF-κB-Inducing Kinase Governs the Mitochondrial Respiratory Capacity, Differentiation, and Inflammatory Status of Innate Immune Cells. J Immunol 2023; 210:1123-1133. [PMID: 36881877 PMCID: PMC10073338 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
NF-κB-inducing kinase (NIK), which is essential for the activation of the noncanonical NF-κB pathway, regulates diverse processes in immunity, development, and disease. Although recent studies have elucidated important functions of NIK in adaptive immune cells and cancer cell metabolism, the role of NIK in metabolic-driven inflammatory responses in innate immune cells remains unclear. In this study, we demonstrate that murine NIK-deficient bone marrow-derived macrophages exhibit defects in mitochondrial-dependent metabolism and oxidative phosphorylation, which impair the acquisition of a prorepair, anti-inflammatory phenotype. Subsequently, NIK-deficient mice exhibit skewing of myeloid cells characterized by aberrant eosinophil, monocyte, and macrophage cell populations in the blood, bone marrow, and adipose tissue. Furthermore, NIK-deficient blood monocytes display hyperresponsiveness to bacterial LPS and elevated TNF-α production ex vivo. These findings suggest that NIK governs metabolic rewiring, which is critical for balancing proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory myeloid immune cell function. Overall, our work highlights a previously unrecognized role for NIK as a molecular rheostat that fine-tunes immunometabolism in innate immunity, and suggests that metabolic dysfunction may be an important driver of inflammatory diseases caused by aberrant NIK expression or activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin N. Keeney
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Bryan, TX, USA
| | - Ashley Winters
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, School of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Bryan, TX, USA
| | - Raquel Sitcheran
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Bryan, TX, USA
| | - A. Phillip West
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, School of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Bryan, TX, USA
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22
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Tachibana S, Yu NK, Li R, Fernandez-Costa C, Liang A, Choi J, Jung D, Xiao C, Kralli A, Yates JR, Ross RS, Cho Y. Perm1 Protects the Heart From Pressure Overload-Induced Dysfunction by Promoting Oxidative Metabolism. Circulation 2023; 147:916-919. [PMID: 36913499 PMCID: PMC10018424 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.122.060173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shizuko Tachibana
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Nam-Kyung Yu
- Departments of Molecular Medicine and Neurobiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Ruixia Li
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Department of Medicine/Cardiology, Veterans Administration Healthcare, San Diego, CA, 92161, USA
| | - Carolina Fernandez-Costa
- Departments of Molecular Medicine and Neurobiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Alex Liang
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Department of Medicine/Cardiology, Veterans Administration Healthcare, San Diego, CA, 92161, USA
| | - Janet Choi
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Dayoen Jung
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Changchun Xiao
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Anastasia Kralli
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - John R. Yates
- Departments of Molecular Medicine and Neurobiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Robert S. Ross
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Department of Medicine/Cardiology, Veterans Administration Healthcare, San Diego, CA, 92161, USA
| | - Yoshitake Cho
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Department of Medicine/Cardiology, Veterans Administration Healthcare, San Diego, CA, 92161, USA
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Gomes da Silva G, da Silva Dias MS, Takiya CS, Nunes AT, Del Valle TA, Grigoletto NTS, Batista CF, Santos KR, Della Libera AMMP, Rennó LN, Koontz A, Lobato DN, Costa E Silva LF, Rennó FP. Feeding reduced levels of trace minerals in proteinate form and selenium-yeast to transition cows: Performance, trace minerals, and antioxidant status, peripheral neutrophil activity, and oocyte quality. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:3023-3042. [PMID: 36870837 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-21939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of inorganic trace minerals (TM) and reduced levels of TM by using proteinate forms of Co, Zn, Mn, and Cu, and Se-yeast in diets of transition cows on performance, TM concentrations in colostrum, plasma, and liver, blood metabolites, antioxidant status, peripheral neutrophil activity, and oocyte quality. Thirty-two Holstein cows (22 multiparous and 10 primiparous cows) were enrolled in this study from 30 d before the expected calving date to 56 DIM. Cows were blocked according to body condition score, parity, and previous milk yield and randomly assigned to one of the following treatments: control (CON), with TM (Zn, Cu, Mn, and Co) supplied in form of sulfate and Se as sodium selenite to meet or exceed requirement estimates of the National Research Council; and proteinate trace minerals (PTM), with TM supplied bound with AA and peptides at 50% of CON levels and inorganic Se replaced with Se-yeast at 100% of CON level. Treatments were supplied until 56 DIM. Eight cows were removed from the study because of early calving (n = 3) or health issues (n = 5); thus, data of 24 cows (16 multiparous and 8 primiparous cows) were used in the statistical analysis. No differences between treatments were detected on nutrient intake or digestibility. Total excretion of purine derivatives was decreased when feeding PTM during the prepartum period. Feeding reduced levels of TM in proteinate form resulted in greater yield of milk (27.7 and 30.9 kg/d for CON and PTM, respectively) and protein (0.890 and 0.976 kg/d) between wk 5 and 8 of lactation. No treatment differences were detected for feed efficiency, milk somatic cell count, and milk urea nitrogen. Cows fed PTM had lower milk fat concentration during the 56 d of evaluation (4.08 and 3.74% for CON and PTM, respectively). Selenium concentration was greater in colostrum of cows fed PTM compared with CON (48.5 and 71.3 µg/L for CON and PTM, respectively), whereas Zn, Cu, and Mn concentrations were not different. Cows fed PTM showed lower liver Cu concentration compared with CON (51.4 and 73.8, respectively). Plasma concentrations of Mn and Zn were lower, but plasma Se concentration tended to be higher with PTM treatment. Feeding PTM resulted in greater blood concentrations of urea-N (16.6 and 18.2 mg/dL for CON and PTM, respectively) and β-hydroxybutyrate (0.739 and 0.940 mmol/L). Counts of lymphocytes were higher with PTM but counts of monocytes were lower in complete blood cell count. No differences were observed in serum concentrations of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase. No differences were detected in phagocytosis and oxidative burst potential of neutrophils after incubation with bacteria. Cows fed PTM had fewer viable oocytes per ovum pick-up in comparison with CON (8.00 and 11.6). Feeding PTM to transition cows may sustain performance without altering neutrophil activity despite some alterations in blood TM concentrations. More studies should be performed to evaluate production and fertility measurements when reducing TM dietary levels by using proteinate forms and Se-yeast with larger number of animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Gomes da Silva
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Animal Production, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, 13635-900 Brazil
| | - Mauro Sérgio da Silva Dias
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Animal Production, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, 13635-900 Brazil
| | - Caio Seiti Takiya
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Animal Production, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, 13635-900 Brazil
| | - Alanne Tenório Nunes
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Animal Production, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, 13635-900 Brazil
| | - Tiago Antonio Del Valle
- Department of Animal Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, 97105-900 Brazil
| | | | - Camila Freitas Batista
- Veterinary Clinical Immunology Research Group, Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-270 Brazil
| | - Kamila Reis Santos
- Veterinary Clinical Immunology Research Group, Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-270 Brazil
| | - Alice Maria Melville Paiva Della Libera
- Veterinary Clinical Immunology Research Group, Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-270 Brazil
| | - Luciana Navajas Rennó
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, 36570-900 Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Francisco Palma Rennó
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Animal Production, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, 13635-900 Brazil.
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do Nascimento Salvador PC, Nascimento EMF, Antunes D, Guglielmo LGA, Denadai BS. Energy metabolism and muscle activation heterogeneity explain V ̇ O 2 ${\dot{V}}_{{{\rm{O}}}_{\rm{2}}}$ slow component and muscle fatigue of cycling at different intensities. Exp Physiol 2023; 108:503-517. [PMID: 36648072 PMCID: PMC10103881 DOI: 10.1113/ep090444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? What are the physiological mechanisms underlying muscle fatigue and the increase in the O2 cost per unit of work during high-intensity exercise? What is the main finding and its importance? Muscle fatigue happens before, and does not explain, theV ̇ O 2 ${\dot{V}}_{{{\rm{O}}}_{\rm{2}}}$ slow component (V ̇ O 2 sc ${\dot{V}}_{{{\rm{O}}}_{\rm{2}}{\rm{sc}}}$ ), but they share the same origin. Muscle activation heterogeneity is associated with muscle fatigue andV ̇ O 2 sc ${\dot{V}}_{{{\rm{O}}}_{\rm{2}}{\rm{sc}}}$ . Knowing this may improve training prescriptions for healthy people leading to improved public health outcomes. ABSTRACT This study aimed to explain theV ̇ O 2 ${\dot{V}}_{{{\rm{O}}}_{\rm{2}}}$ slow component (V ̇ O 2 sc ${\dot{V}}_{{{\rm{O}}}_{\rm{2}}{\rm{sc}}}$ ) and muscle fatigue during cycling at different intensities. The muscle fatigue of 16 participants was determined through maximal isokinetic effort lasting 3 s during constant work rate bouts of moderate (MOD), heavy (HVY) and very heavy intensity (VHI) exercise. Breath-by-breathV ̇ O 2 ${\dot{V}}_{{{\rm{O}}}_{\rm{2}}}$ , near-infrared spectroscopy signals and EMG activity were analysed (thigh muscles).V ̇ O 2 sc ${\dot{V}}_{{{\rm{O}}}_{\rm{2}}{\rm{sc}}}$ was higher during VHI exercise (∼70% vs. ∼28% ofV ̇ O 2 ${\dot{V}}_{{{\rm{O}}}_{\rm{2}}}$ reserve in HVY). The deoxygenated haemoglobin final value during VHI exercise was higher than during HVY and MOD exercise (∼90% of HHb physiological normalization, vs. ∼82% HVY and ∼45% MOD). The muscle fatigue was greater after VHI exercise (∼22% vs. HVY ∼5%). There was no muscle fatigue after MOD exercise. The greatest magnitude of muscle fatigue occurred within 2 min (VHI ∼17%; HVY ∼9%), after which it stabilized. No significant relationship betweenV ̇ O 2 sc ${\dot{V}}_{{{\rm{O}}}_{\rm{2}}{\rm{sc}}}$ and muscle force production was observed. The τ of muscleV ̇ O 2 ${\dot{V}}_{{{\rm{O}}}_{\rm{2}}}$ was significantly related (R2 = 0.47) with torque decrease for VHI. Type I and II muscle fibre recruitment mainly in the rectus femoris moderately explained the muscle fatigue (R2 = 0.30 and 0.31, respectively) and theV ̇ O 2 sc ${\dot{V}}_{{{\rm{O}}}_{\rm{2}}{\rm{sc}}}$ (R2 = 0.39 and 0.27, respectively). TheV ̇ O 2 sc ${\dot{V}}_{{{\rm{O}}}_{\rm{2}}{\rm{sc}}}$ is also partially explained by blood lactate accumulation (R2 = 0.42). In conclusion muscle fatigue and O2 cost seem to share the same physiological cause linked with a decrease in the muscleV ̇ O 2 ${\dot{V}}_{{{\rm{O}}}_{\rm{2}}}$ and a change in lactate accumulation. Muscle fatigue andV ̇ O 2 sc ${\dot{V}}_{{{\rm{O}}}_{\rm{2}}{\rm{sc}}}$ are associated with muscle activation heterogeneity and metabolism of different muscles activated during cycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Cesar do Nascimento Salvador
- Physical effort LaboratorySports CentreFederal University of Santa CatarinaFlorianopolisBrazil
- Leonardo da Vinci University – Uniasselvi/VITRU EducationIndaialBrazil
| | | | - Diego Antunes
- Physical effort LaboratorySports CentreFederal University of Santa CatarinaFlorianopolisBrazil
| | | | - Benedito Sérgio Denadai
- Physical effort LaboratorySports CentreFederal University of Santa CatarinaFlorianopolisBrazil
- Human Performance LaboratorySão Paulo State UniversityRio ClaroBrazil
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Muselli F, Mourgues L, Rochet N, Nebout M, Guerci A, Verhoeyen E, Krug A, Legros L, Peyron JF, Mary D. Repurposing the Bis-Biguanide Alexidine in Combination with Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors to Eliminate Leukemic Stem/Progenitor Cells in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15030995. [PMID: 36765952 PMCID: PMC9913472 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15030995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS In CML, Leukemic Stem Cells (LSCs) that are insensitive to Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors are responsible for leukemia maintenance and relapses upon TKI treatment arrest. We previously showed that downregulation of the BMI1 polycomb protein that is crucial for stem/progenitor cells self-renewal induced a CCNG2/dependent proliferation arrest leading to elimination of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) cells. Unfortunately, as of today, pharmacological inhibition of BMI1 has not made its way to the clinic. METHODS We used the Connectivity Map bioinformatic database to identify pharmacological molecules that could mimick BMI1 silencing, to induce CML cell death. We selected the bis-biguanide Alexidin (ALX) that produced a transcriptomic profile positively correlating with the one obtained after BMI silencing in K562 CML cells. We then evaluated the efficiency of ALX in combination with TKI on CML cells. RESULTS Here we report that cell growth and clonogenic activity of K562 and LAMA-84 CML cell lines were strongly inhibited by ALX. ALX didn't modify BCR::ABL1 phosphorylation and didn't affect BMI1 expression but was able to increase CCNG2 expression leading to autophagic processes that preceed cell death. Besides, ALX could enhance the apoptotic response induced by any Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors (TKI) of the three generations. We also noted a strong synergism between ALX and TKIs to increase expression of caspase-9 and caspase-3 and induce PARP cleavage, Bad expression and significantly decreased Bcl-xL family member expression. We also observed that the blockage of the mitochondrial respiratory chain by ALX can be associated with inhibition of glycolysis by 2-DG to achieve an enhanced inhibition of K562 proliferation and clonogenicity. ALX specifically affected the differentiation of BCR::ABL1-transduced healthy CD34+ cells but not of mock-infected healthy CD34+ control cells. Importantly, ALX strongly synergized with TKIs to inhibit clonogenicity of primary CML CD34+ cells from diagnosed patients. Long Term Culture of Initiating Cell (LTC-IC) and dilution of the fluorescent marker CFSE allowed us to observe that ALX and Imatinib (IM) partially reduced the number of LSCs by themselves but that the ALX/IM combination drastically reduced this cell compartment. Using an in vivo model of NSG mice intravenously injected with K562-Luciferase transduced CML cells, we showed that ALX combined with IM improved mice survival. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, our results validate the use of ALX bis-biguanide to potentiate the action of conventional TKI treatment as a potential new therapeutic solution to eradicate CML LSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabien Muselli
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm) U1065, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire, Université Côte d’Azur, Team 4, CEDEX 03, 06204 Nice, France
| | - Lucas Mourgues
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm) U1065, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire, Université Côte d’Azur, Team 4, CEDEX 03, 06204 Nice, France
| | - Nathalie Rochet
- Institut de Biologie Valrose, Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS UMR 7277, Inserm U1091, CEDEX 02, 06107 Nice, France
| | - Marielle Nebout
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm) U1065, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire, Université Côte d’Azur, Team 4, CEDEX 03, 06204 Nice, France
| | - Agnès Guerci
- Hematology Department, University Hospital, 54000 Nancy, France
| | - Els Verhoeyen
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm) U1065, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire, Université Côte d’Azur, Team 4, CEDEX 03, 06204 Nice, France
| | - Adrien Krug
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm) U1065, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire, Université Côte d’Azur, Team 4, CEDEX 03, 06204 Nice, France
| | - Laurence Legros
- Department of Hematology, Paul Brousse Hospital, 94000 Créteil, France
| | - Jean-François Peyron
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm) U1065, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire, Université Côte d’Azur, Team 4, CEDEX 03, 06204 Nice, France
| | - Didier Mary
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm) U1065, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire, Université Côte d’Azur, Team 4, CEDEX 03, 06204 Nice, France
- Correspondence:
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Tian LY, Smit DJ, Jücker M. The Role of PI3K/AKT/mTOR Signaling in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Metabolism. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24. [PMID: 36768977 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths in the world. Metabolic reprogramming is considered a new hallmark of cancer, but it remains unclearly described in HCC. The dysregulation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway is common in HCC and is, therefore, a topic of further research and the concern of developing a novel target for liver cancer therapy. In this review, we illustrate mechanisms by which this signaling network is accountable for regulating HCC cellular metabolism, including glucose metabolism, lipid metabolism, amino acid metabolism, pyrimidine metabolism, and oxidative metabolism, and summarize the ongoing clinical trials based on the inhibition of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in HCC.
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Abstract
Mitochondrial myopathies represent a heterogeneous group of diseases caused mainly by genetic mutations to proteins that are related to mitochondrial oxidative metabolism. Meanwhile, a similar etiopathogenetic mechanism (i.e., a deranged oxidative phosphorylation and a dramatic reduction of ATP synthesis) reveals that the evolution of these myopathies show significant differences. However, some physiological and pathophysiological aspects of mitochondria often reveal other potential molecular mechanisms that could have a significant pathogenetic role in the clinical evolution of these disorders, such as: i. a deranged ROS production both in term of signaling and in terms of damaging molecules; ii. the severe modifications of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)+/NADH, pyruvate/lactate, and α-ketoglutarate (α-KG)/2- hydroxyglutarate (2-HG) ratios. A better definition of the molecular mechanisms at the basis of their pathogenesis could improve not only the clinical approach in terms of diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy of these myopathies but also deepen the knowledge of mitochondrial medicine in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Bottoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biotecnologiche di Base, Cliniche Intensivologiche e Perioperatorie, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Gionta
- Dipartimento Scienze Anatomiche Istologiche Medico Legali e dell’Apparato Locomotore—Sezione di Anatomia Umana, Università La Sapienza di Roma, Via Alfonso Borelli 50, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Scatena
- Dipartimento di Medicina di Laboratorio, Madre Giuseppina Vannini Hospital, Via di Acqua Bullicante 4, 00177 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence:
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Alves C, Goodyear L, Brum P. Muscle metabolic stress determines cancer cachexia severity in mice. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1033932. [PMID: 36518110 PMCID: PMC9742386 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1033932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To determine the metabolic effects of cancer-conditioned media on myotube metabolism and to understand whether the variability of these effects is associated with cancer cachexia progression. Materials and methods: We established single-cell clones from murine Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) cells and generated conditioned media from each clonal line. Differentiated primary mouse myotubes were incubated with conditioned media derived from each individual clonal cell line. After initial analysis, we selected a specific LLC clonal cell line that failed to induce metabolic stress in myotubes for further investigation in vitro and in vivo. Results: Short-term incubation with conditioned media from 10/34 LLC clonal cells failed to affect oxygen consumption rate (OCR) in myotubes. Incubation with parental LLC-conditioned media decreased protein content and changed the expression of key regulators of muscle function in myotubes, but the incubation of conditioned media from a selected clone that failed to affect OCR in myotubes also did not affect protein content and expression of muscle regulators. Mice injected with parental LLC cells had a significantly reduced body mass and muscle wasting compared to the mice injected with cells derived from this selected LLC clone. Conclusion: Factors secreted by LLC cells induce metabolic stress in primary myotubes and induce cancer cachexia in mice. However, a selected clonal LLC cell line that failed to induce metabolic stress in myotubes also promoted weaker catabolism in mice. These novel findings establish that early disruption of muscle oxidative metabolism is associated with cancer cachexia progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiano Alves
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil,Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States,*Correspondence: Christiano Alves, ; Patricia Brum,
| | - Laurie Goodyear
- Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Patricia Brum
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil,*Correspondence: Christiano Alves, ; Patricia Brum,
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Wang Y, Liu J, Liu H, Sun X, Chen R, Liao B, Zeng X, Zhang X, Dong S, Xia Z, Yuan J. Slow flow induces endothelial dysfunction by regulating thioredoxin-interacting protein-mediated oxidative metabolism and vascular inflammation. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:1064375. [PMID: 36465470 PMCID: PMC9708747 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.1064375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells are highly sensitive to hemodynamic shear stresses, which act in the blood flow's direction on the blood vessel's luminal surface. Thus, endothelial cells on that surface are exposed to various physiological and pathological stimuli, such as disturbed flow-induced shear stress, which may exert effects on adaptive vascular diameter or structural wall remodeling. Here we showed that plasma thioredoxin-interactive protein (TXNIP) and malondialdehyde levels were significantly increased in patients with slow coronary flow. In addition, human endothelial cells exposed to disturbed flow exhibited increased levels of TXNIP in vitro. On the other hand, deletion of human endothelial TXNIP increased capillary formation, nitric oxide production and mitochondrial function, as well as lessened oxidative stress response and endothelial cell inflammation. Additional beneficial impacts from TXNIP deletion were also seen in a glucose utilization study, as reflected by augmented glucose uptake, lactate secretion and extracellular acidification rate. Taken together, our results suggested that TXNIP is a key component involved in mediating shear stress-induced inflammation, energy homeostasis, and glucose utilization, and that TXNIP may serve as a potentially novel endothelial dysfunction regulator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongshun Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jingjin Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Huadong Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xin Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ruimian Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Bihong Liao
- Department of Cardiology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaoyi Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaoxin Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shaohong Dong
- Department of Cardiology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhengyuan Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Jie Yuan
- Department of Cardiology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
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Fernández-Vizarra E, López-Calcerrada S, Sierra-Magro A, Pérez-Pérez R, Formosa LE, Hock DH, Illescas M, Peñas A, Brischigliaro M, Ding S, Fearnley IM, Tzoulis C, Pitceathly RDS, Arenas J, Martín MA, Stroud DA, Zeviani M, Ryan MT, Ugalde C. Two independent respiratory chains adapt OXPHOS performance to glycolytic switch. Cell Metab 2022; 34:1792-1808.e6. [PMID: 36198313 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2022.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The structural and functional organization of the mitochondrial respiratory chain (MRC) remains intensely debated. Here, we show the co-existence of two separate MRC organizations in human cells and postmitotic tissues, C-MRC and S-MRC, defined by the preferential expression of three COX7A subunit isoforms, COX7A1/2 and SCAFI (COX7A2L). COX7A isoforms promote the functional reorganization of distinct co-existing MRC structures to prevent metabolic exhaustion and MRC deficiency. Notably, prevalence of each MRC organization is reversibly regulated by the activation state of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC). Under oxidative conditions, the C-MRC is bioenergetically more efficient, whereas the S-MRC preferentially maintains oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) upon metabolic rewiring toward glycolysis. We show a link between the metabolic signatures converging at the PDC and the structural and functional organization of the MRC, challenging the widespread notion of the MRC as a single functional unit and concluding that its structural heterogeneity warrants optimal adaptation to metabolic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Fernández-Vizarra
- Medical Research Council, Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK; Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, 35129 Padova, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy.
| | | | - Ana Sierra-Magro
- Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid 28041, Spain
| | | | - Luke E Formosa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, 3800 Melbourne, Australia
| | - Daniella H Hock
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, 3052 Melbourne, Australia
| | - María Illescas
- Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid 28041, Spain
| | - Ana Peñas
- Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid 28041, Spain
| | | | - Shujing Ding
- Medical Research Council, Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Ian M Fearnley
- Medical Research Council, Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Charalampos Tzoulis
- Neuro-SysMed Center of Excellence for Clinical Research in Neurological Diseases, Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital and Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Pb 7804, 5020 Bergen, Norway
| | - Robert D S Pitceathly
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology and The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Joaquín Arenas
- Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid 28041, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), U723 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel A Martín
- Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid 28041, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), U723 Madrid, Spain
| | - David A Stroud
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, 3052 Melbourne, Australia
| | - Massimo Zeviani
- Medical Research Council, Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK; Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, 35129 Padova, Italy; Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Michael T Ryan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, 3800 Melbourne, Australia
| | - Cristina Ugalde
- Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid 28041, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), U723 Madrid, Spain.
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Peden DL, Mitchell EA, Bailey SJ, Ferguson RA. Ischaemic preconditioning blunts exercise-induced mitochondrial dysfunction, speeds oxygen uptake kinetics but does not alter severe-intensity exercise capacity. Exp Physiol 2022; 107:1241-1254. [PMID: 36030522 PMCID: PMC9826326 DOI: 10.1113/ep090264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? Ischaemic preconditioning is a novel pre-exercise priming strategy. We asked whether ischaemic preconditioning would alter mitochondrial respiratory function and pulmonary oxygen uptake kinetics and improve severe-intensity exercise performance. What is the main finding and its importance? Ischaemic preconditioning expedited overall pulmonary oxygen uptake kinetics and appeared to prevent an increase in leak respiration, proportional to maximal electron transfer system and ADP-stimulated respiration, that was evoked by severe-intensity exercise in sham-control conditions. However, severe-intensity exercise performance was not improved. The results do not support ischaemic preconditioning as a pre-exercise strategy to improve exercise performance in recreationally active participants. ABSTRACT We examined the effect of ischaemic preconditioning (IPC) on severe-intensity exercise performance, pulmonary oxygen uptake ( V ̇ O 2 ${\dot V_{{{\rm{O}}_{\rm{2}}}}}$ ) kinetics, skeletal muscle oxygenation (muscle tissue O2 saturation index) and mitochondrial respiration. Eight men underwent contralateral IPC (4 × 5 min at 220 mmHg) or sham-control (SHAM; 20 mmHg) before performing a cycling time-to-exhaustion test (92% maximum aerobic power). Muscle (vastus lateralis) biopsies were obtained before IPC or SHAM and ∼1.5 min postexercise. The time to exhaustion did not differ between SHAM and IPC (249 ± 37 vs. 240 ± 32 s; P = 0.62). Pre- and postexercise ADP-stimulated (P) and maximal (E) mitochondrial respiration through protein complexes (C) I, II and IV did not differ (P > 0.05). Complex I leak respiration was greater postexercise compared with baseline in SHAM, but not in IPC, when normalized to wet mass (P = 0.01 vs. P = 0.19), mitochondrial content (citrate synthase activity, P = 0.003 vs. P = 0.16; CI+IIP, P = 0.03 vs. P = 0.23) and expressed relative to P (P = 0.006 vs. P = 0.30) and E (P = 0.004 vs. P = 0.26). The V ̇ O 2 ${\dot V_{{{\rm{O}}_{\rm{2}}}}}$ mean response time was faster (51.3 ± 15.5 vs. 63.7 ± 14.5 s; P = 0.003), with a smaller slow component (270 ± 105 vs. 377 ± 188 ml min-1 ; P = 0.03), in IPC compared with SHAM. The muscle tissue O2 saturation index did not differ between trials (P > 0.05). Ischaemic preconditioning expedited V ̇ O 2 ${\dot V_{{{\rm{O}}_{\rm{2}}}}}$ kinetics and appeared to prevent an increase in leak respiration through CI, when expressed proportional to E and P evoked by severe-intensity exercise, but did not improve exercise performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald L. Peden
- School of SportExercise and Health SciencesLoughborough UniversityLoughboroughUK
| | - Emma A. Mitchell
- School of SportExercise and Health SciencesLoughborough UniversityLoughboroughUK
| | - Stephen J. Bailey
- School of SportExercise and Health SciencesLoughborough UniversityLoughboroughUK
| | - Richard A. Ferguson
- School of SportExercise and Health SciencesLoughborough UniversityLoughboroughUK
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Ramgopal A, Sun LK, Byersdorfer CA. The role of AMP-activated protein kinase in GVHD-causing T cells. Immunometabolism (Cobham) 2022; 4:e00009. [PMID: 36275779 DOI: 10.1097/IN9.0000000000000009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Allogeneic stem cell transplantation is a curative therapy for multiple hematologic disorders. However, this life-saving procedure is often complicated by acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), where donor T cells attack tissues in the recipient’s skin, liver, and gastrointestinal tract. Previous research has demonstrated that GVHD-causing T cells undergo significant metabolic reprogramming during disease pathogenesis, with an increased reliance on oxidative metabolism. This dependence makes metabolic modulation a potential approach to treat and/or prevent GVHD. Here, we provide an overview on the metabolic changes adopted by allogeneic T cells during disease initiation, highlighting the role played by AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and identifying ways in which these insights might be leveraged to therapeutic advantage clinically.
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Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming is a hallmark of cancer and allows tumour cells to meet the increased energy demands required for rapid proliferation, invasion, and metastasis. Indeed, many tumour cells acquire distinctive metabolic and bioenergetic features that enable them to survive in resource-limited conditions, mainly by harnessing alternative nutrients. Several recent studies have explored the metabolic plasticity of cancer cells with the aim of identifying new druggable targets, while therapeutic strategies to limit the access to nutrients have been successfully applied to the treatment of some tumours. Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), a highly heterogeneous tumour, is the second most common form of primary liver cancer. It is characterised by resistance to chemotherapy and poor prognosis, with 5-year survival rates of below 20%. Deregulation of metabolic pathways have been described during the onset and progression of CCA. Increased aerobic glycolysis and glutamine anaplerosis provide CCA cells with the ability to generate biosynthetic intermediates. Other metabolic alterations involving carbohydrates, amino acids and lipids have been shown to sustain cancer cell growth and dissemination. In this review, we discuss the complex metabolic rewiring that occurs during CCA development and leads to unique nutrient addiction. The possible role of therapeutic interventions based on metabolic changes is also thoroughly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Raggi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
| | - Maria Letizia Taddei
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Colin Rae
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, The University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Chiara Braconi
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, The University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Beatson West of Scotland Cancer Centre, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Fabio Marra
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
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Sieck RL, Treffer LK, Fuller AM, Ponte Viana M, Khalimonchuk O, Schmidt TB, Yates DT, Petersen JL. Short Communication: Beta-adrenergic agonists alter oxidative phosphorylation in primary myoblasts. J Anim Sci 2022; 100:6652322. [PMID: 35908785 PMCID: PMC9339305 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skac208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Beta-adrenergic agonists (β-AAs) are widely used supplements in beef and pork production to improve feed efficiency and increase lean muscle mass, yet little is known about the molecular mechanism by which β-AAs achieve this outcome. Our objective was to identify the influence of ractopamine HCl and zilpaterol HCl on mitochondrial respiratory activity in muscle satellite cells isolated from crossbred beef steers (N = 5), crossbred barrows (N = 2), Yorkshire-cross gilts (N = 3), and commercial weather lambs (N = 5). Real-time measurements of oxygen consumption rates (OCRs) were recorded using extracellular flux analyses with a Seahorse XFe24 analyzer. After basal OCR measurements were recorded, zilpaterol HCl, ractopamine HCl, or no β-AA was injected into the assay plate in three technical replicates for each cell isolate. Then, oligomycin, carbonyl cyanide-p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone, and rotenone were injected into the assay plate sequentially, each inducing a different cellular state. This allowed for the measurement of OCR at these states and for the calculation of the following measures of mitochondrial function: basal respiration, non-mitochondrial respiration, maximal respiration, proton leak, adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-linked respiration, and spare respiratory capacity. Incubation of bovine cells with either zilpaterol HCl or ractopamine HCl increased maximal respiration (P = 0.046) and spare respiratory capacity (P = 0.035) compared with non-supplemented counterparts. No difference (P > 0.05) was observed between zilpaterol HCl and ractopamine HCl for maximal respiration and spare respiratory capacity in bovine cell isolates. No measures of mitochondrial function (basal respiration, non-mitochondrial respiration, maximal respiration, proton leak, ATP-linked respiration, and spare respiratory capacity) were altered by β-AA treatment in ovine or porcine cells. These findings indicate that β-AAs in cattle may improve the efficiency of oxidative metabolism in muscle satellite cells by modifying mitochondrial respiratory activity. The lack of response by ovine and porcine cells to β-AA incubation also demonstrates differing physiological responses to β-AA across species, which helps to explain the variation in its effectiveness as a growth supplement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renae L Sieck
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583-0908, USA
| | - Leah K Treffer
- Biology Department, Nebraska Wesleyan University, Lincoln, NE 68504, USA
| | - Anna M Fuller
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583-0908, USA
| | - Martonio Ponte Viana
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0664, USA
| | - Oleh Khalimonchuk
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0664, USA
| | - Ty B Schmidt
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583-0908, USA
| | - Dustin T Yates
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583-0908, USA
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Abstract
Conventional functional MRI (fMRI) with blood-oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) contrast is an important tool for mapping human brain activity non-invasively. Recent interest in quantitative fMRI has renewed the importance of oxidative neuroenergetics as reflected by cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen consumption (CMRO2) to support brain function. Dynamic CMRO2 mapping by calibrated fMRI require multi-modal measurements of BOLD signal along with cerebral blood flow (CBF) and/or volume (CBV). In human subjects this "calibration" is typically performed using a gas mixture containing small amounts of carbon dioxide and/or oxygen-enriched medical air, which are thought to produce changes in CBF (and CBV) and BOLD signal with minimal or no CMRO2 changes. However non-human studies have demonstrated that the "calibration" can also be achieved without gases, revealing good agreement between CMRO2 changes and underlying neuronal activity (e.g., multi-unit activity and local field potential). Given the simpler set-up of gas-free calibrated fMRI, there is evidence of recent clinical applications for this less intrusive direction. This up-to-date review emphasizes technological advances for such translational gas-free calibrated fMRI experiments, also covering historical progression of the calibrated fMRI field that is impacting neurological and neurodegenerative investigations of the human brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Jean Chen
- Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest, Toronto, Canada
| | - Biranavan Uthayakumar
- Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
| | - Fahmeed Hyder
- Magnetic Resonance Research Center (MRRC), Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Department of Radiology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Quantitative Neuroscience with Magnetic Resonance (QNMR) Research Program, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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Abstract
Skeletal muscle atrophy and dysfunction contribute to cancer patient morbidity and mortality. Cachexia pathophysiology is highly complex, given that perturbations to the systemic cancer environment and the interaction with diverse tissues can contribute to wasting processes. Systemic interleukin 6 (IL-6) and glycoprotein 130 (gp130) receptor signaling have established roles in some types of cancer-induced muscle wasting through disruptions to protein turnover and oxidative capacity. While exercise has documented benefits for cancer prevention and patient survival, there are significant gaps in our understanding of muscle adaptation and plasticity during severe cachexia. Preclinical models have provided valuable insight into the adaptive potential of muscle to contraction within the cancer environment. We summarize the current understanding of how resistance-type exercise impacts mechanisms involved in cancer-induced muscle atrophy and dysfunction. Specifically, the role of IL-6 and gp130 receptor in the pathophysiology of muscle wasting and the adaptive response to exercise is explained. The discussion includes current knowledge gaps and future research directions needed to improve preclinical research and accelerate clinical translation in human cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin P Hardee
- Centre for Muscle Research, Department of Anatomy & Physiology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - James A Carson
- Center for Muscle Metabolism & Neuropathology, Division of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States.,College of Health Professions, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
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Chae SA, Son JS, Zhao L, Gao Y, Liu X, Marie de Avila J, Zhu MJ, Du M. Exerkine apelin reverses obesity-associated placental dysfunction by accelerating mitochondrial biogenesis in mice. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2022; 322:E467-E479. [PMID: 35403440 PMCID: PMC9126223 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00023.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Maternal exercise (ME) protects against adverse effects of maternal obesity (MO) on fetal development. As a cytokine stimulated by exercise, apelin (APN) is elevated due to ME, but its roles in mediating the effects of ME on placental development remain to be defined. Two studies were conducted. In the first study, 18 female mice were assigned to control (CON), obesogenic diet (OB), or OB with exercise (OB/Ex) groups (n = 6); in the second study, the same number of female mice were assigned to three groups; CON with PBS injection (CD/PBS), OB/PBS, or OB with apelin injection (OB/APN). In the exercise study, daily treadmill exercise during pregnancy significantly elevated the expression of PR domain 16 (PRDM16; P < 0.001), which correlated with enhanced oxidative metabolism and mitochondrial biogenesis in the placenta (P < 0.05). More importantly, these changes were partially mirrored in the apelin study. Apelin administration upregulated PRDM16 protein level (P < 0.001), mitochondrial biogenesis (P < 0.05), placental nutrient transporter expression (P < 0.001), and placental vascularization (P < 0.01), which were impaired due to MO (P < 0.05). In summary, MO impairs oxidative phosphorylation in the placenta, which is improved by ME; apelin administration partially mimics the beneficial effects of exercise on improving placental function, which prevents placental dysfunction due to MO.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Maternal exercise prevents metabolic disorders of mothers and offspring induced by high-fat diet. Exercise intervention enhances PRDM16 activation, oxidative metabolism, and vascularization of placenta, which are inhibited due to maternal obesity. Similar to maternal exercise, apelin administration improves placental function of obese dams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Ah Chae
- Nutrigenomics and Growth Biology Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington
| | - Jun Seok Son
- Laboratory of Perinatal Kinesioepigenetics, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Liang Zhao
- Nutrigenomics and Growth Biology Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington
| | - Yao Gao
- Nutrigenomics and Growth Biology Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington
| | - Xiangdong Liu
- Nutrigenomics and Growth Biology Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington
| | - Jeanene Marie de Avila
- Nutrigenomics and Growth Biology Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington
| | - Mei-Jun Zhu
- School of Food Science, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington
| | - Min Du
- Nutrigenomics and Growth Biology Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington
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38
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Affiliation(s)
- George A Brooks
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoja K. Brahma
- Signal Transduction and Metabolism Laboratory, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Adam R. Wende
- Division of Molecular & Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Kyle S. McCommis
- Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
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Abstract
Despite the prevalence of laboratory animals such as monkeys, rats, and mice in clinical drug trials, we know little regarding the oxidation of regorafenib in these test subjects. This study aimed to elucidate species differences in the kinetics of regorafenib oxidation into two metabolites: regorafenib N-oxide (M-2) and hydroxyregorafenib (M-3).M-2 formation best fitted the Hill equation and showed positive cooperativity in liver and small intestinal microsomes from all species. For all species, M-2 formation had a higher maximum velocity in microsomes from the liver than the small intestines. Maximum velocity was also higher in microsomes from humans and monkeys than those from rats and mice. M-3 formation was well-fitted to the Hill equation and showed positive cooperativity in all microsomes, except those from rat small intestines, where it exhibited biphasic kinetics. At half the maximum velocity, substrate concentration for M-2 and M-3 formation was lower in microsomes from humans than from other species. Moreover, M-2 was the major metabolite in microsomes from humans, monkeys, and mice, whereas M-2 and M-3 were the major metabolites in rat microsomes.M-2 and M-3 formation involving CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 fitted to the Hill equation. However, M-3 formation involving CYP2J2 fitted to the substrate inhibition model.Our study confirmed species differences in regorafenib oxidative metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayaka Kojima
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Ayuka Sogabe
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masayuki Nadai
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Miki Katoh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Nagoya, Japan
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Abstract
The Lactate Shuttle hypothesis is supported by a variety of techniques including mass spectrometry analytics following infusion of carbon-labeled isotopic tracers. However, there has been controversy over whether lactate tracers measure lactate (L) or pyruvate (P) turnover. Here, we review the analytical errors, use of inappropriate tissue and animal models, failure to consider L and P pool sizes in modeling results, inappropriate tracer and blood sampling sites, and failure to anticipate roles of heart and lung parenchyma on L⇔P interactions. With support from magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and immunocytochemistry, we conclude that carbon-labeled lactate tracers can be used to quantitate lactate fluxes.
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Affiliation(s)
- George A Brooks
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California
| | - Adam D Osmond
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California
| | - Robert G Leija
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California
| | - Casey C Curl
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California
| | - Jose A Arevalo
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California
| | - Justin J Duong
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California
| | - Michael A Horning
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California
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Docherty CK, Strembitska A, Baker CP, Schmidt FF, Reay K, Mercer JR. Inducing Energetic Switching Using Klotho Improves Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Phenotype. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010217. [PMID: 35008643 PMCID: PMC8745077 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The cardiovascular disease of atherosclerosis is characterised by aged vascular smooth muscle cells and compromised cell survival. Analysis of human and murine plaques highlights markers of DNA damage such as p53, Ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM), and defects in mitochondrial oxidative metabolism as significant observations. The antiageing protein Klotho could prolong VSMC survival in the atherosclerotic plaque and delay the consequences of plaque rupture by improving VSMC phenotype to delay heart attacks and stroke. Comparing wild-type VSMCs from an ApoE model of atherosclerosis with a flox'd Pink1 knockout of inducible mitochondrial dysfunction we show WT Pink1 is essential for normal cell viability, while Klotho mediates energetic switching which may preserve cell survival. METHODS Wild-type ApoE VSMCs were screened to identify potential drug candidates that could improve longevity without inducing cytotoxicity. The central regulator of cell metabolism AMP Kinase was used as a readout of energy homeostasis. Functional energetic switching between oxidative and glycolytic metabolism was assessed using XF24 technology. Live cell imaging was then used as a functional readout for the WT drug response, compared with Pink1 (phosphatase-and-tensin-homolog (PTEN)-induced kinase-1) knockout cells. RESULTS Candidate drugs were assessed to induce pACC, pAMPK, and pLKB1 before selecting Klotho for its improved ability to perform energetic switching. Klotho mediated an inverse dose-dependent effect and was able to switch between oxidative and glycolytic metabolism. Klotho mediated improved glycolytic energetics in wild-type cells which were not present in Pink1 knockout cells that model mitochondrial dysfunction. Klotho improved WT cell survival and migration, increasing proliferation and decreasing necrosis independent of effects on apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS Klotho plays an important role in VSMC energetics which requires Pink1 to mediate energetic switching between oxidative and glycolytic metabolism. Klotho improved VSMC phenotype and, if targeted to the plaque early in the disease, could be a useful strategy to delay the effects of plaque ageing and improve VSMC survival.
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Iessi E, Vona R, Cittadini C, Matarrese P. Targeting the Interplay between Cancer Metabolic Reprogramming and Cell Death Pathways as a Viable Therapeutic Path. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9121942. [PMID: 34944758 PMCID: PMC8698563 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9121942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In cancer cells, metabolic adaptations are often observed in terms of nutrient absorption, biosynthesis of macromolecules, and production of energy necessary to meet the needs of the tumor cell such as uncontrolled proliferation, dissemination, and acquisition of resistance to death processes induced by both unfavorable environmental conditions and therapeutic drugs. Many oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes have a significant effect on cellular metabolism, as there is a close relationship between the pathways activated by these genes and the various metabolic options. The metabolic adaptations observed in cancer cells not only promote their proliferation and invasion, but also their survival by inducing intrinsic and acquired resistance to various anticancer agents and to various forms of cell death, such as apoptosis, necroptosis, autophagy, and ferroptosis. In this review we analyze the main metabolic differences between cancer and non-cancer cells and how these can affect the various cell death pathways, effectively determining the susceptibility of cancer cells to therapy-induced death. Targeting the metabolic peculiarities of cancer could represent in the near future an innovative therapeutic strategy for the treatment of those tumors whose metabolic characteristics are known.
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Torrens-Mas M, Alorda-Clara M, Martínez-Vigara M, Roca P, Sastre-Serra J, Oliver J, Pons DG. Xanthohumol reduces inflammation and cell metabolism in HT29 primary colon cancer cells. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2021; 73:471-479. [PMID: 34879764 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2021.2012561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Xanthohumol (XN) is a prenylated flavonoid known for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects and has been studied as an anti-cancer agent. In this study, we aimed at analysing the effect of XN on a primary colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line, HT29, on cell viability, inflammatory and antioxidant gene expression, and metabolism. For this purpose, cells were treated with 10 nM and 10 µM XN, and cell viability, H2O2 production, lipid peroxidation and gene expression of inflammatory, antioxidant, and mitochondrial-related genes, as well as protein levels of metabolic enzymes, were determined. Results showed no significant effects on cell viability and a general decrease in pro-inflammatory, antioxidant and mitochondrial biogenesis gene expression with the lower concentration of XN. Furthermore, glucose and oxidative metabolism enzymes were also reduced. These results suggest that XN treatment, at low doses, could stop the proliferation and progression of HT29 cells by downregulating inflammatory signals and cell metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margalida Torrens-Mas
- Translational Research in Aging and Longevity (TRIAL) Group, Vascular and Metabolic Pathologies Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de las Islas Baleares (IdISBa), Palma, Spain.,Grupo Multidisciplinar de Oncología Traslacional, Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS) Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de las Islas Baleares (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Marina Alorda-Clara
- Grupo Multidisciplinar de Oncología Traslacional, Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS) Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de las Islas Baleares (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Maria Martínez-Vigara
- Grupo Multidisciplinar de Oncología Traslacional, Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS) Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma, Spain
| | - Pilar Roca
- Grupo Multidisciplinar de Oncología Traslacional, Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS) Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de las Islas Baleares (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain.,Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CB06/03), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Sastre-Serra
- Grupo Multidisciplinar de Oncología Traslacional, Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS) Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de las Islas Baleares (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain.,Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CB06/03), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jordi Oliver
- Grupo Multidisciplinar de Oncología Traslacional, Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS) Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de las Islas Baleares (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain.,Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CB06/03), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Gabriel Pons
- Grupo Multidisciplinar de Oncología Traslacional, Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS) Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de las Islas Baleares (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
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45
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Salvadego D, Grassi B, Keramidas ME, Eiken O, McDonnell AC, Mekjavic IB. Heterogeneity of human adaptations to bed rest and hypoxia: a retrospective analysis within the skeletal muscle oxidative function. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2021; 321:R813-R822. [PMID: 34585615 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00053.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This retrospective study was designed to analyze the interindividual variability in the responses of different variables characterizing the skeletal muscle oxidative function to normoxic (N-BR) and hypoxic (H-BR) bed rests and to a hypoxic ambulatory confinement (H-AMB) of 10 and 21 days. We also assessed whether and how the addition of hypoxia to bed rest might influence the heterogeneity of the responses. In vivo measurements of O2 uptake and muscle fractional O2 extraction were carried out during an incremental one-leg knee-extension exercise. Mitochondrial respiration was assessed in permeabilized muscle fibers. A total of 17 subjects were included in this analysis. This analysis revealed a similar variability among subjects in the alterations induced by N-BR and H-BR both in peak O2 uptake (SD: 4.1% and 3.3% after 10 days; 4.5% and 8.1% after 21 days, respectively) and peak muscle fractional O2 extraction (SD: 5.9% and 7.3% after 10 days; 6.5% and 7.3% after 21 days), independently from the duration of the exposure. The individual changes measured in these variables were significantly related (r = 0.66, P = 0.004 after N-BR; r = 0.61, P = 0.009 after H-BR). Mitochondrial respiration showed a large variability of response after both N-BR (SD: 25.0% and 15.7% after 10 and 21 days) and H-BR (SD: 13.0% and 19.8% after 10 and 21 days); no correlation was found between N-BR and H-BR changes. When added to bed rest, hypoxia altered the individual adaptations within the mitochondria but not those intrinsic to the muscle oxidative function in vivo, both after the short- and medium-term exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desy Salvadego
- Department of Automation, Biocybernetics and Robotics, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Bruno Grassi
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Michail E Keramidas
- Department of Environmental Physiology, Swedish Aerospace Physiology Centre, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ola Eiken
- Department of Environmental Physiology, Swedish Aerospace Physiology Centre, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Adam C McDonnell
- Department of Automation, Biocybernetics and Robotics, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Igor B Mekjavic
- Department of Automation, Biocybernetics and Robotics, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
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Pedra-Rezende Y, Barbosa JMC, Bombaça ACS, Dantas-Pereira L, Gibaldi D, Vilar-Pereira G, Dos Santos HAM, Ramos IP, Silva-Gomes NL, Moreira OC, Lannes-Vieira J, Menna-Barreto RFS. Physical Exercise Promotes a Reduction in Cardiac Fibrosis in the Chronic Indeterminate Form of Experimental Chagas Disease. Front Immunol 2021; 12:712034. [PMID: 34804007 PMCID: PMC8599157 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.712034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Chagas disease (CD), caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi, is a neglected tropical disease and a health problem in Latin America. Etiological treatment has limited effectiveness in chronic CD; thus, new therapeutic strategies are required. The practice of physical exercises has been widely advocated to improve the quality of life of CD patients. The most frequent clinical CD manifestation is the chronic indeterminate form (CIF), and the effect of physical exercises on disease progression remains unknown. Here, in a CIF model, we aimed to evaluate the effect of physical exercises on cardiac histological, parasitological, mitochondrial, and oxidative metabolism, electro and echocardiographic profiles, and immunological features. To establish a CIF model, BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice were infected with 100 and 500 trypomastigotes of the Y T. cruzi strain. At 120 days postinfection (dpi), all mouse groups showed normal PR and corrected QT intervals and QRS complexes. Compared to BALB/c mice, C57BL/6 mice showed a lower parasitemia peak, mortality rate, and less intense myocarditis. Thus, C57BL/6 mice infected with 500 parasites were used for subsequent analyses. At 120 dpi, a decrease in cardiac mitochondrial oxygen consumption and an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) were detected. When we increased the number of analyzed mice, a reduced heart rate and slightly prolonged corrected QT intervals were detected, at 120 and 150 dpi, which were then normalized at 180 dpi, thus characterizing the CIF. Y-infected mice were subjected to an exercise program on a treadmill for 4 weeks (from 150 to 180 dpi), five times per week in a 30–60-min daily training session. At 180 dpi, no alterations were detected in cardiac mitochondrial and oxidative metabolism, which were not affected by physical exercises, although ROS production increased. At 120 and 180 dpi, comparing infected and non-infected mice, no differences were observed in the levels of plasma cytokines, indicating that a crucial biomarker of the systemic inflammatory profile was absent and not affected by exercise. Compared with sedentary mice, trained Y-infected mice showed similar parasite loads and inflammatory cells but reduced cardiac fibrosis. Therefore, our data show that physical exercises promote beneficial changes that may prevent CD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmin Pedra-Rezende
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Laboratório de Biologia das Interações, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Juliana M C Barbosa
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ana Cristina S Bombaça
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luiza Dantas-Pereira
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Laboratório de Biologia das Interações, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Daniel Gibaldi
- Laboratório de Biologia das Interações, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Glaucia Vilar-Pereira
- Laboratório de Biologia das Interações, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Instituto Brasileiro de Medicina de Reabilitação, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Hílton Antônio Mata Dos Santos
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Laboratório de Análise e Desenvolvimento de Inibidores Enzimáticos e Laboratório Multiusuário de Análises por RMN, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Isalira Peroba Ramos
- Centro Nacional de Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagem, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Natália Lins Silva-Gomes
- Plataforma de PCR em Tempo Real RPT09A, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Doenças Endêmicas, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Otacilio C Moreira
- Plataforma de PCR em Tempo Real RPT09A, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Doenças Endêmicas, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Joseli Lannes-Vieira
- Laboratório de Biologia das Interações, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rubem F S Menna-Barreto
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Correia JC, Kelahmetoglu Y, Jannig PR, Schweingruber C, Shvaikovskaya D, Zhengye L, Cervenka I, Khan N, Stec M, Oliveira M, Nijssen J, Martínez-Redondo V, Ducommun S, Azzolini M, Lanner JT, Kleiner S, Hedlund E, Ruas JL. Muscle-secreted neurturin couples myofiber oxidative metabolism and slow motor neuron identity. Cell Metab 2021; 33:2215-2230.e8. [PMID: 34592133 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2021.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Endurance exercise promotes skeletal muscle vascularization, oxidative metabolism, fiber-type switching, and neuromuscular junction integrity. Importantly, the metabolic and contractile properties of the muscle fiber must be coupled to the identity of the innervating motor neuron (MN). Here, we show that muscle-derived neurturin (NRTN) acts on muscle fibers and MNs to couple their characteristics. Using a muscle-specific NRTN transgenic mouse (HSA-NRTN) and RNA sequencing of MN somas, we observed that retrograde NRTN signaling promotes a shift toward a slow MN identity. In muscle, NRTN increased capillary density and oxidative capacity and induced a transcriptional reprograming favoring fatty acid metabolism over glycolysis. This combination of effects on muscle and MNs makes HSA-NRTN mice lean with remarkable exercise performance and motor coordination. Interestingly, HSA-NRTN mice largely recapitulate the phenotype of mice with muscle-specific expression of its upstream regulator PGC-1ɑ1. This work identifies NRTN as a myokine that couples muscle oxidative capacity to slow MN identity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge C Correia
- Molecular and Cellular Exercise Physiology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Biomedicum, Karolinska Institutet, 17165 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yildiz Kelahmetoglu
- Molecular and Cellular Exercise Physiology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Biomedicum, Karolinska Institutet, 17165 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Paulo R Jannig
- Molecular and Cellular Exercise Physiology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Biomedicum, Karolinska Institutet, 17165 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christoph Schweingruber
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicum, Karolinska Institutet, 17165 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dasha Shvaikovskaya
- Molecular and Cellular Exercise Physiology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Biomedicum, Karolinska Institutet, 17165 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Liu Zhengye
- Molecular Muscle Physiology and Pathophysiology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Biomedicum, Karolinska Institutet, 17165 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Igor Cervenka
- Molecular and Cellular Exercise Physiology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Biomedicum, Karolinska Institutet, 17165 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Naveen Khan
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY 10 591, USA
| | - Michael Stec
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY 10 591, USA
| | - Mariana Oliveira
- Molecular and Cellular Exercise Physiology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Biomedicum, Karolinska Institutet, 17165 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jik Nijssen
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicum, Karolinska Institutet, 17165 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Vicente Martínez-Redondo
- Molecular and Cellular Exercise Physiology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Biomedicum, Karolinska Institutet, 17165 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Serge Ducommun
- Molecular and Cellular Exercise Physiology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Biomedicum, Karolinska Institutet, 17165 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Michele Azzolini
- Molecular and Cellular Exercise Physiology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Biomedicum, Karolinska Institutet, 17165 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johanna T Lanner
- Molecular Muscle Physiology and Pathophysiology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Biomedicum, Karolinska Institutet, 17165 Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Eva Hedlund
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicum, Karolinska Institutet, 17165 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jorge L Ruas
- Molecular and Cellular Exercise Physiology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Biomedicum, Karolinska Institutet, 17165 Stockholm, Sweden.
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48
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Zuccarelli L, Baldassarre G, Magnesa B, Degano C, Comelli M, Gasparini M, Manferdelli G, Marzorati M, Mavelli I, Pilotto A, Porcelli S, Rasica L, Šimunič B, Pišot R, Narici M, Grassi B. Peripheral impairments of oxidative metabolism after a 10-day bed rest are upstream of mitochondrial respiration. J Physiol 2021; 599:4813-4829. [PMID: 34505290 PMCID: PMC9293208 DOI: 10.1113/jp281800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract In order to identify peripheral biomarkers of impaired oxidative metabolism during exercise following a 10‐day bed rest, 10 males performed an incremental exercise (to determine peak pulmonary V̇O2 (V̇O2p)) and moderate‐intensity exercises, before (PRE) and after (POST) bed rest. Blood flow response was evaluated in the common femoral artery by Eco‐Doppler during 1 min of passive leg movements (PLM). The intramuscular matching between O2 delivery and O2 utilization was evaluated by near‐infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). Mitochondrial respiration was evaluated ex vivo by high‐resolution respirometry in isolated muscle fibres, and in vivo by NIRS by the evaluation of skeletal muscle V̇O2 (V̇O2m) recovery kinetics. Resting V̇O2m was estimated by NIRS. Peak V̇O2p was lower in POST vs. PRE. The area under the blood flow vs. time curve during PLM was smaller (P = 0.03) in POST (274 ± 233 mL) vs. PRE (427 ± 291). An increased (P = 0.03) overshoot of muscle deoxygenation during a metabolic transition was identified in POST. Skeletal muscle citrate synthase activity was not different (P = 0.11) in POST (131 ± 16 nmol min–1 mg–1) vs. PRE (138 ± 19). Maximal ADP‐stimulated mitochondrial respiration (66 ± 18 pmol s–1 mg–1 (POST) vs. 72 ± 14 (PRE), P = 0.41) was not affected by bed rest. Apparent Km for ADP sensitivity of mitochondrial respiration was reduced in POST vs. PRE (P = 0.04). The V̇O2m recovery time constant was not different (P = 0.79) in POST (22 ± 6 s) vs. PRE (22 ± 6). Resting V̇O2m was reduced by 25% in POST vs. PRE (P = 0.006). Microvascular‐endothelial function was impaired following a 10‐day bed rest, whereas mitochondrial mass and function (both in vivo and ex vivo) were unaffected or slightly enhanced. Key points Ten days of horizontal bed rest impaired in vivo oxidative function during exercise. Microvascular impairments were identified by different methods. Mitochondrial mass and mitochondrial function (evaluated both in vivo and ex vivo) were unchanged or even improved (i.e. enhanced mitochondrial sensitivity to submaximal [ADP]). Resting muscle oxygen uptake was significantly lower following bed rest, suggesting that muscle catabolic processes induced by bed rest/inactivity are less energy‐consuming than anabolic ones.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Marina Comelli
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | | | - Giorgio Manferdelli
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council, Milan, Italy
| | - Mauro Marzorati
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council, Milan, Italy
| | - Irene Mavelli
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Andrea Pilotto
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy.,Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council, Milan, Italy
| | - Simone Porcelli
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council, Milan, Italy.,Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Letizia Rasica
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council, Milan, Italy
| | - Boštjan Šimunič
- Institute of Kinesiology Research, Science and Research Centre, Koper, Slovenia
| | - Rado Pišot
- Institute of Kinesiology Research, Science and Research Centre, Koper, Slovenia
| | - Marco Narici
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Bruno Grassi
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
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Duranti G, Maldini M, Crognale D, Horner K, Dimauro I, Sabatini S, Ceci R. Moringa oleifera Leaf Extract Upregulates Nrf2/HO-1 Expression and Ameliorates Redox Status in C2C12 Skeletal Muscle Cells. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26165041. [PMID: 34443628 PMCID: PMC8400669 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26165041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Moringa oleifera is a multi-purpose herbal plant with numerous health benefits. In skeletal muscle cells, Moringa oleifera leaf extract (MOLE) acts by increasing the oxidative metabolism through the SIRT1-PPARα pathway. SIRT1, besides being a critical energy sensor, is involved in the activation related to redox homeostasis of transcription factors such as the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2). The aim of the present study was to evaluate in vitro the capacity of MOLE to influence the redox status in C2C12 myotubes through the modulation of the total antioxidant capacity (TAC), glutathione levels, Nrf2 and its target gene heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression, as well as enzyme activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and transferase (GST). Moreover, the impact of MOLE supplementation on lipid peroxidation and oxidative damage (i.e., TBARS and protein carbonyls) was evaluated. Our results highlight for the first time that MOLE increased not only Nrf2 and HO-1 protein levels in a dose-dependent manner, but also improved glutathione redox homeostasis and the enzyme activities of CAT, SOD, GPx and GST. Therefore, it is intriguing to speculate that MOLE supplementation could represent a valuable nutrition for the health of skeletal muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guglielmo Duranti
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Roma “Foro Italico”, Piazza Lauro de Bosis 6, 00135 Rome, Italy; (S.S.); (R.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-06-3673-3589; Fax: +39-06-3673-3479
| | | | - Domenico Crognale
- Institute for Sport & Health, School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland; (D.C.); (K.H.)
| | - Katy Horner
- Institute for Sport & Health, School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland; (D.C.); (K.H.)
| | - Ivan Dimauro
- Laboratory of Biology and Human Genetic, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Roma “Foro Italico”, Piazza Lauro de Bosis 6, 00135 Rome, Italy;
| | - Stefania Sabatini
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Roma “Foro Italico”, Piazza Lauro de Bosis 6, 00135 Rome, Italy; (S.S.); (R.C.)
| | - Roberta Ceci
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Roma “Foro Italico”, Piazza Lauro de Bosis 6, 00135 Rome, Italy; (S.S.); (R.C.)
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Wangpaichitr M, Theodoropoulos G, Nguyen DJM, Wu C, Spector SA, Feun LG, Savaraj N. Cisplatin Resistance and Redox-Metabolic Vulnerability: A Second Alteration. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147379. [PMID: 34298999 PMCID: PMC8304747 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of drug resistance in tumors is a major obstacle to effective cancer chemotherapy and represents one of the most significant complications to improving long-term patient outcomes. Despite early positive responsiveness to platinum-based chemotherapy, the majority of lung cancer patients develop resistance. The development of a new combination therapy targeting cisplatin-resistant (CR) tumors may mark a major improvement as salvage therapy in these patients. The recent resurgence in research into cellular metabolism has again confirmed that cancer cells utilize aerobic glycolysis ("the Warburg effect") to produce energy. Hence, this observation still remains a characteristic hallmark of altered metabolism in certain cancer cells. However, recent evidence promotes another concept wherein some tumors that acquire resistance to cisplatin undergo further metabolic alterations that increase tumor reliance on oxidative metabolism (OXMET) instead of glycolysis. Our review focuses on molecular changes that occur in tumors due to the relationship between metabolic demands and the importance of NAD+ in redox (ROS) metabolism and the crosstalk between PARP-1 (Poly (ADP ribose) polymerase-1) and SIRTs (sirtuins) in CR tumors. Finally, we discuss a role for the tumor metabolites of the kynurenine pathway (tryptophan catabolism) as effectors of immune cells in the tumor microenvironment during acquisition of resistance in CR cells. Understanding these concepts will form the basis for future targeting of CR cells by exploiting redox-metabolic changes and their consequences on immune cells in the tumor microenvironment as a new approach to improve overall therapeutic outcomes and survival in patients who fail cisplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Medhi Wangpaichitr
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Miami VA Healthcare System, Research Service (151), Miami, FL 33125, USA; (G.T.); (D.J.M.N.); (C.W.); (S.A.S.)
- Department of Surgery, Cardiothoracic Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-305-575-7000 (ext. 14496); Fax: +1-305-575-7275
| | - George Theodoropoulos
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Miami VA Healthcare System, Research Service (151), Miami, FL 33125, USA; (G.T.); (D.J.M.N.); (C.W.); (S.A.S.)
| | - Dan J. M. Nguyen
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Miami VA Healthcare System, Research Service (151), Miami, FL 33125, USA; (G.T.); (D.J.M.N.); (C.W.); (S.A.S.)
| | - Chunjing Wu
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Miami VA Healthcare System, Research Service (151), Miami, FL 33125, USA; (G.T.); (D.J.M.N.); (C.W.); (S.A.S.)
| | - Sydney A. Spector
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Miami VA Healthcare System, Research Service (151), Miami, FL 33125, USA; (G.T.); (D.J.M.N.); (C.W.); (S.A.S.)
| | - Lynn G. Feun
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (L.G.F.); (N.S.)
| | - Niramol Savaraj
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (L.G.F.); (N.S.)
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Miami VA Healthcare System, Hematology/Oncology, 1201 NW 16 Street, Room D1010, Miami, FL 33125, USA
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