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Baldassarre G, Azzini V, Zuccarelli L, Degano C, Graniero F, Plett G, Floreani M, Lazzer S, Mos L, Grassi B. In Cardiac Patients Beta-blockers Attenuate The Decrease In Work Rate At A Fixed Heart Rate. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2022. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000878144.15402.3b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Zuccarelli L, Baldassarre G, Magnesa B, Degano C, Comelli M, Gasparini M, Manferdelli G, Marzorati M, Mavelli I, Pilotto A, Porcelli S, Rasica L, Šimunič B, Pišot R, Narici M, Grassi B. Peripheral impairments of oxidative metabolism after a 10-day bed rest are upstream of mitochondrial respiration. J Physiol 2021; 599:4813-4829. [PMID: 34505290 PMCID: PMC9293208 DOI: 10.1113/jp281800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract In order to identify peripheral biomarkers of impaired oxidative metabolism during exercise following a 10‐day bed rest, 10 males performed an incremental exercise (to determine peak pulmonary V̇O2 (V̇O2p)) and moderate‐intensity exercises, before (PRE) and after (POST) bed rest. Blood flow response was evaluated in the common femoral artery by Eco‐Doppler during 1 min of passive leg movements (PLM). The intramuscular matching between O2 delivery and O2 utilization was evaluated by near‐infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). Mitochondrial respiration was evaluated ex vivo by high‐resolution respirometry in isolated muscle fibres, and in vivo by NIRS by the evaluation of skeletal muscle V̇O2 (V̇O2m) recovery kinetics. Resting V̇O2m was estimated by NIRS. Peak V̇O2p was lower in POST vs. PRE. The area under the blood flow vs. time curve during PLM was smaller (P = 0.03) in POST (274 ± 233 mL) vs. PRE (427 ± 291). An increased (P = 0.03) overshoot of muscle deoxygenation during a metabolic transition was identified in POST. Skeletal muscle citrate synthase activity was not different (P = 0.11) in POST (131 ± 16 nmol min–1 mg–1) vs. PRE (138 ± 19). Maximal ADP‐stimulated mitochondrial respiration (66 ± 18 pmol s–1 mg–1 (POST) vs. 72 ± 14 (PRE), P = 0.41) was not affected by bed rest. Apparent Km for ADP sensitivity of mitochondrial respiration was reduced in POST vs. PRE (P = 0.04). The V̇O2m recovery time constant was not different (P = 0.79) in POST (22 ± 6 s) vs. PRE (22 ± 6). Resting V̇O2m was reduced by 25% in POST vs. PRE (P = 0.006). Microvascular‐endothelial function was impaired following a 10‐day bed rest, whereas mitochondrial mass and function (both in vivo and ex vivo) were unaffected or slightly enhanced. Key points Ten days of horizontal bed rest impaired in vivo oxidative function during exercise. Microvascular impairments were identified by different methods. Mitochondrial mass and mitochondrial function (evaluated both in vivo and ex vivo) were unchanged or even improved (i.e. enhanced mitochondrial sensitivity to submaximal [ADP]). Resting muscle oxygen uptake was significantly lower following bed rest, suggesting that muscle catabolic processes induced by bed rest/inactivity are less energy‐consuming than anabolic ones.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Marina Comelli
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | | | - Giorgio Manferdelli
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council, Milan, Italy
| | - Mauro Marzorati
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council, Milan, Italy
| | - Irene Mavelli
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Andrea Pilotto
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy.,Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council, Milan, Italy
| | - Simone Porcelli
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council, Milan, Italy.,Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Letizia Rasica
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council, Milan, Italy
| | - Boštjan Šimunič
- Institute of Kinesiology Research, Science and Research Centre, Koper, Slovenia
| | - Rado Pišot
- Institute of Kinesiology Research, Science and Research Centre, Koper, Slovenia
| | - Marco Narici
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Bruno Grassi
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
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Zuccarelli L, Baldassarre G, Magnesa B, Degano C, Comelli M, Gasparini M, Manferdelli G, Marzorati M, Mavelli I, Pilotto A, Porcelli S, Rasica L, Šimunič B, Pišot R, Narici M, Grassi B. Short-term Bed Rest Exposure Impairs Peripheral Vascular And Endothelial Functions Whereas Mitochondrial Respiration Is Unaffected. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2021. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000760324.25032.2a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Zuccarelli L, Magnesa B, Degano C, Comelli M, Gasparini M, Manferdelli G, Marzorati M, Mavelli I, Pilotto A, Porcelli S, Rasica L, Šimunič B, Pišot R, Narici M, Grassi B. The Impairment Of Oxidative Metabolism After 10-day Of Bed Rest Is Upstream Of Skeletal-Muscle Mitochondria. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2020. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000675140.43308.d3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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PORCELLI SIMONE, Rasica L, Zuccarelli L, Magnesa B, Degano C, Comelli M, Manferdelli G, Marzorati M, Mavelli I, Pilotto A, Burleigh M, Simunic B, Pisot R, Narici M, Grassi B. Effects Of 10-days Bed-rest On Nitric Oxide Metabolites And Microvascular Function Assessed By Near-infrared Spectroscopy. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2020. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000683728.64802.5b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Trovato GM, Catalano D, Caruso G, Squatrito R, Venturino M, Degano C, Fazzio SD. Relationship between cardiac function and insulin resistance in obese patients. Diabetes Nutr Metab 2001; 14:325-8. [PMID: 11853364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Both overweight and insulin resistance predispose to atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases, independently of other risk factors. We studied the relationship between insulin resistance and heart function and dimension in 39 patients with different degrees of obesity. Twenty-six women and 13 men with body mass index (BMI) ranging 26.1-41 kg/m2 (mean +/- SD = 33.9 +/- 3.8), without diabetes, hypertension and heart, liver or kidney diseases were studied. Patients were subdivided into 2 groups, 25 with overweight or grade I obesity (group A) and 14 with severe (grade II or III) obesity (group B). Insulin sensitivity was evaluated by the Insulin Tolerance Test (ITT), performed after an overnight fast and K(ITT) was calculated. Echocardiographic measurements were also assessed. Between the two groups no significant difference was observed for either K(ITT) (group A, K(ITT) = 5.47 +/- 1.30; group B, K(ITT) = 4.57 +/- 1.53) or the ejection fraction (EF%) (group A, 71.40 +/- 6.63; group B, 69.86 +/- 7.43). No correlation was observed between BMI and both the EF% and other echocardiographic measurements. In patients with mild obesity (group A) a significant negative correlation between EF% and KITT (r = -0.62,p < 0.001) was observed. In mild obesity, therefore, cardiac function changes occur in relation to the level of insulin resistance but these changes are not related to mass and/or volume changes. The cause(s) of this relationship is not clear, but most likely involves metabolic or endocrine factors. The increased EF% in moderately obese patients that are insulin-resistant may provide an initial compensatory mechanism but may also contribute to a late cardiac damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- G M Trovato
- Istituto di Medicina Interna e Terapia Medica, Università di Catania, Italy.
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Graci S, Baratta R, Degano C, Luppa A, Vigneri R, Frittitta L, Trischitta V. The intravenous insulin tolerance test is an accurate method for screening a general population for insulin resistance and related abnormalities. J Endocrinol Invest 1999; 22:472-5. [PMID: 10435858 DOI: 10.1007/bf03343592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
To verify whether the short intravenous insulin tolerance test (ITT) (a safe, reproducible, inexpensive, rapid and easy to perform measurement of insulin sensitivity) is a suitable test for insulin resistance screening in a general population, we measured in 60 non diabetic subjects, either non-obese (no.=40) or obese (BMI>28, no.=20) the K of glucose disappearance from plasma after ITT (K(ITT)), plasma glucose (PG) and insulin (IRI) both fasting (FPG, FIRI) and at 120 min of OGTT (PG- 120, IRI- 120), and also triglycerides (Tg), cholesterol (Chol) and blood pressure (BP). Subjects were subdivided into quartiles according to K(ITT) values. Average FPG, PG-120, FIRI, IRI-120, Tg and Chol values were progressively increased, and average HDL/Chol was progressively decreased from quartile 1 (the most insulin sensitive) to 4 (the most insulin resistant) (p<0.05, by 1-way ANOVA test). Also BP was increased in the insulin resistant patients, but statistical significance was not reached. Three or more of the studied parameters (FPG and/or PG-120, FIRI and/or IRI-120, Tg, HDL/Chol, mean BP) were altered (below the worst 25 degree percentile) in 64% of subjects from quartile 4; none of the subjects in quartile 1 was affected by such a cluster of alterations. K(ITT) values < or =4.8 identified the cluster of insulin resistance related alterations with an accuracy of 82% (sensitivity=83.3%, specificity=80.5%). In healthy subjects with a wide range of BMI the ITT is a reliable procedure for screening for the cluster of metabolic alterations related to insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Graci
- Institute of Internal Medicine, Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, University of Catania, Italy
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Anello M, Rabuazzo AM, Degano C, Caltabiano V, Patanè G, Vigneri R, Purrello F. Fast reversibility of glucose-induced desensitization in rat pancreatic islets. Evidence for an involvement of ionic fluxes. Diabetes 1996; 45:502-6. [PMID: 8603773 DOI: 10.2337/diab.45.4.502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The present study was done to achieve a better understanding of the role of ionic flux alterations in glucose-induced desensitization of pancreatic beta-cells. Moreover, we investigated the reversibility of glucose-induced desensitization after different times of exposure to high glucose to ascertain the time necessary for desensitization reversal and to determine whether it depends on the length of high glucose exposure. Glucose desensitization was obtained by incubating rat pancreatic islets for 6 h in CMRL medium containing 16.7 mmol/l glucose. At the end of this period, insulin release, 86Rb efflux, and 45Ca uptake were measured in parallel experiments. In islets cultured at 16.7 mmol/l glucose, maximal glucose-induced insulin release was reduced (848 +/- 97 pg x islet-1 x 30 min-1) in comparison to islets incubated at 5.5 mmol/l glucose (1,436 +/- 144, n = 7, P < 0.01). In contrast, insulin content was similar in the two groups, being 41.0 +/- 2.7 and 47.8 +/- 2.2 ng/islet in islets exposed to 16.7 or 5.5 mmol/l glucose, respectively (P = 0.167). The effect of glucose on both 86Rb efflux and 45Ca uptake was also significantly reduced in 16.7 mmol/l glucose-cultured islets. 86Rb efflux was inhibited only 19 +/- 4% in islets cultured at high glucose with respect to 56 +/- 7% in control islets (n = 5, P < 0.001). 45Ca uptake was 10.5 +/- 1.7 pmol/islet (mean +/- SE, n = 9) in islets cultured at high glucose with respect to 19.7 +/- 2.4 pmol/islet in control islets (P < 0.001). In contrast, the effect of glyburide (10 micromol/l) on insulin release, 86Rb efflux, and 45Ca uptake was similar in islets exposed to 5.5 or 16.7 mmol/l glucose. All the abnormalities observed in islets cultured at 16.7 mmol/l glucose were promptly and simultaneously reversible after islets were transferred in culture medium at 5.5 mmol/l glucose; both insulin secretion and glucose effects on 86Rb efflux and 45Ca uptake returned to values similar to control islets within 5 min. Also, islets exposed to high glucose for a longer period (24 h) recovered from both secretory and ionic abnormalities after 5 min of incubation in CMRL medium at 5.5 mmol/l glucose. Reversal from glucose desensitization was slower (45 - 60 min) when islets were incubated at 5.5 mmol/l glucose in Krebs-Ringer HEPES buffer instead of CMRL medium. The present data suggest that ion flux and consequent membrane-potential changes play a key role in the mechanism leading to glucose-induced desensitization of pancreatic beta-cells. Because a normal response to glyburide was observed in islets exposed to high glucose, a proximal signal defect for closure of K+ channels rather than an intrinsic defect in the channel is likely.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Anello
- Institute of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Catania, Italy
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Rabuazzo AM, Buscema M, Caltabiano V, Anello M, Degano C, Patanè G, Vigneri R, Purrello F. Interleukin-1 beta inhibition of insulin release in rat pancreatic islets: possible involvement of G-proteins in the signal transduction pathway. Diabetologia 1995; 38:779-84. [PMID: 7556978 DOI: 10.1007/s001250050352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
In vitro exposure of rat pancreatic beta cells to interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) inhibits glucose-stimulated insulin release (2140 +/- 239 and 323 +/- 80 pg.islet-1.h-1 at glucose levels of 16.7 mmol/l in control and IL-1 beta-exposed islets, respectively, n = 7, p < 0.001). Cholera toxin (2 micrograms/ml) or pertussis toxin (0.5 microgram/ml) potentiated, as expected, glucose-induced insulin release in control islets, but, in addition, when added together with IL-1 beta, were able to prevent the IL-1 beta mediated inhibition of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (2087 +/- 301 and 1662 +/- 173 pg.islet-1.h-1, respectively, p < 0.05 vs islets exposed to IL-1 beta alone). To investigate the mechanism by which the toxins prevent the IL-1 beta effect, we then measured nitrite levels, glucose oxidation and Ca2+ uptake. Nitrite levels in the culture medium were 4.2 +/- 1.4 and 24.0 +/- 5 pmol.islet-1.24 h-1 in control islets and in IL-1 beta-exposed islets, respectively (n = 6, p = 0.05). In islets exposed to IL-1 beta and cholera or pertussis toxins, nitrite levels were 9.1 +/- 3 and 12.4 +/- 6 pmol.islet-1.24 h-1, respectively (n = 6, NS vs control islets). Glucose oxidation at 16.7 mmol/l glucose was 31.1 +/- 2.9 pmol.islet-1.120 min-1 in control islets and 16.8 +/- 2.7 pmol.islet-1.120 min-1 in IL-1 beta-treated islets (p < 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Rabuazzo
- Institute of Internal Medicine, Metabolism and Endocrinology, University of Catania Medical School, Italy
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