1
|
Stec MJ, Su Q, Adler C, Zhang L, Golann DR, Khan NP, Panagis L, Villalta SA, Ni M, Wei Y, Walls JR, Murphy AJ, Yancopoulos GD, Atwal GS, Kleiner S, Halasz G, Sleeman MW. A cellular and molecular spatial atlas of dystrophic muscle. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2221249120. [PMID: 37410813 PMCID: PMC10629561 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2221249120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Asynchronous skeletal muscle degeneration/regeneration is a hallmark feature of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD); however, traditional -omics technologies that lack spatial context make it difficult to study the biological mechanisms of how asynchronous regeneration contributes to disease progression. Here, using the severely dystrophic D2-mdx mouse model, we generated a high-resolution cellular and molecular spatial atlas of dystrophic muscle by integrating spatial transcriptomics and single-cell RNAseq datasets. Unbiased clustering revealed nonuniform distribution of unique cell populations throughout D2-mdx muscle that were associated with multiple regenerative timepoints, demonstrating that this model faithfully recapitulates the asynchronous regeneration observed in human DMD muscle. By probing spatiotemporal gene expression signatures, we found that propagation of inflammatory and fibrotic signals from locally damaged areas contributes to widespread pathology and that querying expression signatures within discrete microenvironments can identify targetable pathways for DMD therapy. Overall, this spatial atlas of dystrophic muscle provides a valuable resource for studying DMD disease biology and therapeutic target discovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Qi Su
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY10591
| | | | - Lance Zhang
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY10591
| | | | | | | | - S. Armando Villalta
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA92697
- Institute for Immunology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA92697
- Department of Neurology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA92697
| | - Min Ni
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY10591
| | - Yi Wei
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY10591
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Omosule CL, Joseph D, Weiler B, Gremminger VL, Silvey S, Lafaver BN, Jeong Y, Kleiner S, Phillips CL. Whole-Body Metabolism and the Musculoskeletal Impacts of Targeting Activin A and Myostatin in Severe Osteogenesis Imperfecta. JBMR Plus 2023; 7:e10753. [PMID: 37457877 PMCID: PMC10339096 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the COL1A1 and COL1A2 genes, which encode type I collagen, are present in around 85%-90% of osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) patients. Because type I collagen is the principal protein composition of bones, any changes in its gene sequences or synthesis can severely affect bone structure. As a result, skeletal deformity and bone frailty are defining characteristics of OI. Homozygous oim/oim mice are utilized as models of severe progressive type III OI. Bone adapts to external forces by altering its mass and architecture. Previous attempts to leverage the relationship between muscle and bone involved using a soluble activin receptor type IIB-mFc (sActRIIB-mFc) fusion protein to lower circulating concentrations of activin A and myostatin. These two proteins are part of the TGF-β superfamily that regulate muscle and bone function. While this approach resulted in increased muscle masses and enhanced bone properties, adverse effects emerged due to ligand promiscuity, limiting clinical efficacy and obscuring the precise contributions of myostatin and activin A. In this study, we investigated the musculoskeletal and whole-body metabolism effect of treating 5-week-old wildtype (Wt) and oim/oim mice for 11 weeks with either control antibody (Ctrl-Ab) or monoclonal anti-activin A antibody (ActA-Ab), anti-myostatin antibody (Mstn-Ab), or a combination of ActA-Ab and Mstn-Ab (Combo). We demonstrated that ActA-Ab treatment minimally impacts muscle mass in oim/oim mice, whereas Mstn-Ab and Combo treatments substantially increased muscle mass and overall lean mass regardless of genotype and sex. Further, while no improvements in cortical bone microarchitecture were observed with all treatments, minimal improvements in trabecular bone microarchitecture were observed with the Combo treatment in oim/oim mice. Our findings suggest that individual or combinatorial inhibition of myostatin and activin A alone is insufficient to robustly improve femoral biomechanical and microarchitectural properties in severely affected OI mice. © 2023 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Dominique Joseph
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of MissouriColumbiaMissouriUSA
| | - Brooke Weiler
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of MissouriColumbiaMissouriUSA
| | | | - Spencer Silvey
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of MissouriColumbiaMissouriUSA
| | | | - Youngjae Jeong
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of MissouriColumbiaMissouriUSA
| | | | - Charlotte L. Phillips
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of MissouriColumbiaMissouriUSA
- Department of Child HealthUniversity of MissouriColumbiaMissouriUSA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Omosule CL, Joseph D, Weiler B, Gremminger VL, Silvey S, Jeong Y, Rafique A, Krueger P, Kleiner S, Phillips CL. Combinatorial Inhibition of Myostatin and Activin A Improves Femoral Bone Properties in the G610C Mouse Model of Osteogenesis Imperfecta. J Bone Miner Res 2022; 37:938-953. [PMID: 35195284 PMCID: PMC10041862 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a collagen-related bone disorder characterized by fragile osteopenic bone and muscle weakness. We have previously shown that the soluble activin receptor type IIB decoy (sActRIIB) molecule increases muscle mass and improves bone strength in the mild to moderate G610C mouse model of OI. The sActRIIB molecule binds multiple transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) ligands, including myostatin and activin A. Here, we investigate the musculoskeletal effects of inhibiting activin A alone, myostatin alone, or both myostatin and activin A in wild-type (Wt) and heterozygous G610C (+/G610C) mice using specific monoclonal antibodies. Male and female Wt and +/G610C mice were treated twice weekly with intraperitoneal injections of monoclonal control antibody (Ctrl-Ab, Regn1945), anti-activin A antibody (ActA-Ab, Regn2476), anti-myostatin antibody (Mstn-Ab, Regn647), or both ActA-Ab and Mstn-Ab (Combo, Regn2476, and Regn647) from 5 to 16 weeks of age. Prior to euthanasia, whole body composition, metabolism and muscle force generation assessments were performed. Post euthanasia, hindlimb muscles were evaluated for mass, and femurs were evaluated for changes in microarchitecture and biomechanical strength using micro-computed tomography (μCT) and three-point bend analyses. ActA-Ab treatment minimally impacted the +/G610C musculoskeleton, and was detrimental to bone strength in male +/G610C mice. Mstn-Ab treatment, as previously reported, resulted in substantial increases in hindlimb muscle weights and overall body weights in Wt and male +/G610C mice, but had minimal skeletal impact in +/G610C mice. Conversely, the Combo treatment outperformed ActA-Ab alone or Mstn-Ab alone, consistently increasing hindlimb muscle and body weights regardless of sex or genotype and improving bone microarchitecture and strength in both male and female +/G610C and Wt mice. Combinatorial inhibition of activin A and myostatin more potently increased muscle mass and bone microarchitecture and strength than either antibody alone, recapturing most of the observed benefits of sActRIIB treatment in +/G610C mice. © 2022 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Dominique Joseph
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Brooke Weiler
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | | | - Spencer Silvey
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Youngjae Jeong
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | | | | | | | - Charlotte L Phillips
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.,Department of Child Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Correia JC, Kelahmetoglu Y, Jannig PR, Schweingruber C, Shvaikovskaya D, Zhengye L, Cervenka I, Khan N, Stec M, Oliveira M, Nijssen J, Martínez-Redondo V, Ducommun S, Azzolini M, Lanner JT, Kleiner S, Hedlund E, Ruas JL. Muscle-secreted neurturin couples myofiber oxidative metabolism and slow motor neuron identity. Cell Metab 2021; 33:2215-2230.e8. [PMID: 34592133 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2021.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Endurance exercise promotes skeletal muscle vascularization, oxidative metabolism, fiber-type switching, and neuromuscular junction integrity. Importantly, the metabolic and contractile properties of the muscle fiber must be coupled to the identity of the innervating motor neuron (MN). Here, we show that muscle-derived neurturin (NRTN) acts on muscle fibers and MNs to couple their characteristics. Using a muscle-specific NRTN transgenic mouse (HSA-NRTN) and RNA sequencing of MN somas, we observed that retrograde NRTN signaling promotes a shift toward a slow MN identity. In muscle, NRTN increased capillary density and oxidative capacity and induced a transcriptional reprograming favoring fatty acid metabolism over glycolysis. This combination of effects on muscle and MNs makes HSA-NRTN mice lean with remarkable exercise performance and motor coordination. Interestingly, HSA-NRTN mice largely recapitulate the phenotype of mice with muscle-specific expression of its upstream regulator PGC-1ɑ1. This work identifies NRTN as a myokine that couples muscle oxidative capacity to slow MN identity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge C Correia
- Molecular and Cellular Exercise Physiology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Biomedicum, Karolinska Institutet, 17165 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yildiz Kelahmetoglu
- Molecular and Cellular Exercise Physiology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Biomedicum, Karolinska Institutet, 17165 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Paulo R Jannig
- Molecular and Cellular Exercise Physiology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Biomedicum, Karolinska Institutet, 17165 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christoph Schweingruber
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicum, Karolinska Institutet, 17165 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dasha Shvaikovskaya
- Molecular and Cellular Exercise Physiology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Biomedicum, Karolinska Institutet, 17165 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Liu Zhengye
- Molecular Muscle Physiology and Pathophysiology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Biomedicum, Karolinska Institutet, 17165 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Igor Cervenka
- Molecular and Cellular Exercise Physiology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Biomedicum, Karolinska Institutet, 17165 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Naveen Khan
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY 10 591, USA
| | - Michael Stec
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY 10 591, USA
| | - Mariana Oliveira
- Molecular and Cellular Exercise Physiology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Biomedicum, Karolinska Institutet, 17165 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jik Nijssen
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicum, Karolinska Institutet, 17165 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Vicente Martínez-Redondo
- Molecular and Cellular Exercise Physiology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Biomedicum, Karolinska Institutet, 17165 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Serge Ducommun
- Molecular and Cellular Exercise Physiology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Biomedicum, Karolinska Institutet, 17165 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Michele Azzolini
- Molecular and Cellular Exercise Physiology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Biomedicum, Karolinska Institutet, 17165 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johanna T Lanner
- Molecular Muscle Physiology and Pathophysiology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Biomedicum, Karolinska Institutet, 17165 Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Eva Hedlund
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicum, Karolinska Institutet, 17165 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jorge L Ruas
- Molecular and Cellular Exercise Physiology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Biomedicum, Karolinska Institutet, 17165 Stockholm, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Omosule CL, Gremminger VL, Aguillard AM, Jeong Y, Harrelson EN, Miloscio L, Mastaitis J, Rafique A, Kleiner S, Pfeiffer FM, Zhang A, Schulz LC, Phillips CL. Impact of Genetic and Pharmacologic Inhibition of Myostatin in a Murine Model of Osteogenesis Imperfecta. J Bone Miner Res 2021; 36:739-756. [PMID: 33249643 PMCID: PMC8111798 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a genetic connective tissue disorder characterized by compromised skeletal integrity, altered microarchitecture, and bone fragility. Current OI treatment strategies focus on bone antiresorptives and surgical intervention with limited effectiveness, and thus identifying alternative therapeutic options remains critical. Muscle is an important stimulus for bone formation. Myostatin, a TGF-β superfamily myokine, acts through ActRIIB to negatively regulate muscle growth. Recent studies demonstrated the potential benefit of myostatin inhibition with the soluble ActRIIB fusion protein on skeletal properties, although various OI mouse models exhibited variable skeletal responses. The genetic and clinical heterogeneity associated with OI, the lack of specificity of the ActRIIB decoy molecule for myostatin alone, and adverse events in human clinical trials further the need to clarify myostatin's therapeutic potential and role in skeletal integrity. In this study, we determined musculoskeletal outcomes of genetic myostatin deficiency and postnatal pharmacological myostatin inhibition by a monoclonal anti-myostatin antibody (Regn647) in the G610C mouse, a model of mild-moderate type I/IV human OI. In the postnatal study, 5-week-old wild-type and +/G610C male and female littermates were treated with Regn647 or a control antibody for 11 weeks or for 7 weeks followed by a 4-week treatment holiday. Inhibition of myostatin, whether genetically or pharmacologically, increased muscle mass regardless of OI genotype, although to varying degrees. Genetic myostatin deficiency increased hindlimb muscle weights by 6.9% to 34.4%, whereas pharmacological inhibition increased them by 13.5% to 29.6%. Female +/mstn +/G610C (Dbl.Het) mice tended to have similar trabecular and cortical bone parameters as Wt showing reversal of +/G610C characteristics but with minimal effect of +/mstn occurring in male mice. Pharmacologic myostatin inhibition failed to improve skeletal bone properties of male or female +/G610C mice, although skeletal microarchitectural and biomechanical improvements were observed in male wild-type mice. Four-week treatment holiday did not alter skeletal outcomes. © 2020 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Youngjae Jeong
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Emily N Harrelson
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Ferris M Pfeiffer
- Department of Biomedical, Biological, and Chemical Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Anqing Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics and Research Design, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Laura C Schulz
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Women's Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Charlotte L Phillips
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.,Department of Child Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Sui L, Xin Y, Du Q, Georgieva D, Diedenhofen G, Haataja L, Su Q, Zuccaro MV, Kim J, Fu J, Xing Y, He Y, Baum D, Goland RS, Wang Y, Oberholzer J, Barbetti F, Arvan P, Kleiner S, Egli D. Reduced replication fork speed promotes pancreatic endocrine differentiation and controls graft size. JCI Insight 2021; 6:141553. [PMID: 33529174 PMCID: PMC8022502 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.141553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Limitations in cell proliferation are important for normal function of differentiated tissues and essential for the safety of cell replacement products made from pluripotent stem cells, which have unlimited proliferative potential. To evaluate whether these limitations can be established pharmacologically, we exposed pancreatic progenitors differentiating from human pluripotent stem cells to small molecules that interfere with cell cycle progression either by inducing G1 arrest or by impairing S phase entry or S phase completion and determined growth potential, differentiation, and function of insulin-producing endocrine cells. We found that the combination of G1 arrest with a compromised ability to complete DNA replication promoted the differentiation of pancreatic progenitor cells toward insulin-producing cells and could substitute for endocrine differentiation factors. Reduced replication fork speed during differentiation improved the stability of insulin expression, and the resulting cells protected mice from diabetes without the formation of cystic growths. The proliferative potential of grafts was proportional to the reduction of replication fork speed during pancreatic differentiation. Therefore, a compromised ability to enter and complete S phase is a functionally important property of pancreatic endocrine differentiation, can be achieved by reducing replication fork speed, and is an important determinant of cell-intrinsic limitations of growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lina Sui
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Columbia Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Yurong Xin
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, New York, USA
| | - Qian Du
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Columbia Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Daniela Georgieva
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Columbia Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Giacomo Diedenhofen
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA.,Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Leena Haataja
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Qi Su
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, New York, USA
| | - Michael V Zuccaro
- PhD program in the Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jinrang Kim
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, New York, USA
| | - Jiayu Fu
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Yuan Xing
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Yi He
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Danielle Baum
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Robin S Goland
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Columbia Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Jose Oberholzer
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Fabrizio Barbetti
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Peter Arvan
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Sandra Kleiner
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, New York, USA
| | - Dieter Egli
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Columbia Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Haseltine KN, Robins H, Cohen V, Baratz H, An A, Kleiner S, Geer EB. MON-321 AgRP and Food Cravings Decrease with Treatment of Cushing’s Disease. J Endocr Soc 2020. [PMCID: PMC7207915 DOI: 10.1210/jendso/bvaa046.1401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Cushing’s disease (CD) is characterized by chronic exposure to excess glucocorticoids due to an ACTH-producing tumor. Obesity is a prominent feature of CD, although the mechanisms of weight gain have not been completely elucidated. In some patients, obesity persists despite appropriate medical or surgical treatment of CD and normalization of cortisol levels (1). Few studies have followed patients prospectively to understand the effect of CD remission and cortisol normalization on appetite and body weight. Previous studies have not shown a correlation between appetite or food cravings and circulating total peptide YY (PYY), ghrelin, or leptin concentrations, leading to interest in other hormones which may regulate appetite in CD (2). One of these is the neuropeptide Agouti-related protein (AgRP). AgRP is known to promote appetite and decrease energy expenditure by acting as a melanocortin antagonist at the level of the hypothalamus. Plasma AgRP may be elevated in patients with active CD and decreases with normalization of cortisol levels (3). We sought to determine if AgRP may play a role in regulating appetite or food cravings in CD. Plasma AgRP was measured before and prospectively after treatment in 19 patients with CD. Patients completed surveys on appetite and food cravings at these same time points. As expected, AgRP significantly decreased following treatment for CD, with mean AgRP before treatment 128.72 pg/mL (SD 55.41) and mean AgRP after treatment 75.23 pg/mL (SD 23.46). Using a paired t-test, the mean difference of 53.5 pg/mL was significant (p=0.0006). In addition, there were significant decreases in BMI, weight, and waist circumference with CD treatment. We found that plasma AgRP concentrations did not correlate with an 8-question visual analogue scale (VAS) used to assess hunger and satiety. However, treatment of CD significantly reduced Trait Food Craving Questionnaire scores in parallel with circulating AgRP levels using a one-way analysis of variance (p=0.004). Our data suggest that AgRP may play a role in food craving, rather than appetite, in patients with CD. Further research may clarify the relationship between AgRP and food cravings in CD patients before and after treatment. References:
1. Geer et al. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 2014; 43: 75-102.
Geer et al. Pituitary. 2016; 19: 117-126.Page-Wilson et al, J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2019; 104 (3): 961-969.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hannah Robins
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Vanessa Cohen
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hannah Baratz
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anjile An
- Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Dwivedi OP, Lehtovirta M, Hastoy B, Chandra V, Krentz NAJ, Kleiner S, Jain D, Richard AM, Abaitua F, Beer NL, Grotz A, Prasad RB, Hansson O, Ahlqvist E, Krus U, Artner I, Suoranta A, Gomez D, Baras A, Champon B, Payne AJ, Moralli D, Thomsen SK, Kramer P, Spiliotis I, Ramracheya R, Chabosseau P, Theodoulou A, Cheung R, van de Bunt M, Flannick J, Trombetta M, Bonora E, Wolheim CB, Sarelin L, Bonadonna RC, Rorsman P, Davies B, Brosnan J, McCarthy MI, Otonkoski T, Lagerstedt JO, Rutter GA, Gromada J, Gloyn AL, Tuomi T, Groop L. Loss of ZnT8 function protects against diabetes by enhanced insulin secretion. Nat Genet 2019; 51:1596-1606. [PMID: 31676859 PMCID: PMC6858874 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-019-0513-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A rare loss-of-function allele p.Arg138* in SLC30A8 encoding the zinc transporter 8 (ZnT8), which is enriched in Western Finland, protects against type 2 diabetes (T2D). We recruited relatives of the identified carriers and showed that protection was associated with better insulin secretion due to enhanced glucose responsiveness and proinsulin conversion, particularly when compared with individuals matched for the genotype of a common T2D-risk allele in SLC30A8, p.Arg325. In genome-edited human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived β-like cells, we establish that the p.Arg138* allele results in reduced SLC30A8 expression due to haploinsufficiency. In human β cells, loss of SLC30A8 leads to increased glucose responsiveness and reduced KATP channel function similar to isolated islets from carriers of the T2D-protective allele p.Trp325. These data position ZnT8 as an appealing target for treatment aimed at maintaining insulin secretion capacity in T2D.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Om Prakash Dwivedi
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Helsinki University, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mikko Lehtovirta
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Helsinki University, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Benoit Hastoy
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Vikash Chandra
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program and Biomedicum Stem Cell Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nicole A J Krentz
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Deepak Jain
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Fernando Abaitua
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Nicola L Beer
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Antje Grotz
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Rashmi B Prasad
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Ola Hansson
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Helsinki University, Helsinki, Finland
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Emma Ahlqvist
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Ulrika Krus
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Isabella Artner
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Anu Suoranta
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Helsinki University, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Aris Baras
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY, USA
| | - Benoite Champon
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Anthony J Payne
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Daniela Moralli
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Soren K Thomsen
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Philipp Kramer
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ioannis Spiliotis
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Reshma Ramracheya
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Pauline Chabosseau
- Section of Cell Biology, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Hammersmith, Hospital, London, UK
| | - Andria Theodoulou
- Section of Cell Biology, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Hammersmith, Hospital, London, UK
| | - Rebecca Cheung
- Section of Cell Biology, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Hammersmith, Hospital, London, UK
| | - Martijn van de Bunt
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jason Flannick
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Maddalena Trombetta
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona and Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Enzo Bonora
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona and Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Claes B Wolheim
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | | | - Riccardo C Bonadonna
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma School of Medicine and Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Patrik Rorsman
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Benjamin Davies
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Mark I McCarthy
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Timo Otonkoski
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program and Biomedicum Stem Cell Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jens O Lagerstedt
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Guy A Rutter
- Section of Cell Biology, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Hammersmith, Hospital, London, UK
| | | | - Anna L Gloyn
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Tiinamaija Tuomi
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Helsinki University, Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Abdominal Center, Endocrinology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Leif Groop
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Helsinki University, Helsinki, Finland.
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Haller JF, Mintah IJ, Shihanian LM, Stevis P, Buckler D, Alexa-Braun CA, Kleiner S, Banfi S, Cohen JC, Hobbs HH, Yancopoulos GD, Murphy AJ, Gusarova V, Gromada J. ANGPTL8 requires ANGPTL3 to inhibit lipoprotein lipase and plasma triglyceride clearance. J Lipid Res 2017; 58:1166-1173. [PMID: 28413163 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m075689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiopoietin-like (ANGPTL)3 and ANGPTL8 are secreted proteins and inhibitors of LPL-mediated plasma triglyceride (TG) clearance. It is unclear how these two ANGPTL proteins interact to regulate LPL activity. ANGPTL3 inhibits LPL activity and increases serum TG independent of ANGPTL8. These effects are reversed with an ANGPTL3 blocking antibody. Here, we show that ANGPTL8, although it possesses a functional inhibitory motif, is inactive by itself and requires ANGPTL3 expression to inhibit LPL and increase plasma TG. Using a mutated form of ANGPTL3 that lacks LPL inhibitory activity, we demonstrate that ANGPTL3 activity is not required for its ability to activate ANGPTL8. Moreover, coexpression of ANGPTL3 and ANGPTL8 leads to a far more efficacious increase in TG in mice than ANGPTL3 alone, suggesting the major inhibitory activity of this complex derives from ANGPTL8. An antibody to the C terminus of ANGPTL8 reversed LPL inhibition by ANGPTL8 in the presence of ANGPTL3. The antibody did not disrupt the ANGPTL8:ANGPTL3 complex, but came in close proximity to the LPL inhibitory motif in the N terminus of ANGPTL8. Collectively, these data show that ANGPTL8 has a functional LPL inhibitory motif, but only inhibits LPL and increases plasma TG levels in mice in the presence of ANGPTL3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Serena Banfi
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD
| | - Jonathan C Cohen
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Helen H Hobbs
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Raap U, Gehring M, Kleiner S, Rüdrich U, Eiz-Vesper B, Haas H, Kapp A, Gibbs BF. Human basophils are a source of - and are differentially activated by - IL-31. Clin Exp Allergy 2017; 47:499-508. [PMID: 28000952 DOI: 10.1111/cea.12875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Basophils are important effector cells involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory skin diseases including chronic urticaria which is associated by increased IL-31 serum levels. So far the effects of IL-31 on human basophils are unknown. OBJECTIVE To analyse the functional role of IL-31 in basophil biology. METHODS IL-31 expression was evaluated in skin samples derived from chronic spontaneous urticaria patients. Oncostatin M receptor (OSMR), IL-31 receptor A (RA) and IL-31 protein expressions were analysed on human basophils from healthy donors. Basophil responses to IL-31 were assessed for chemotaxis, externalization of CD63 and CD203c as well as the release of histamine, IL-4 and IL-13. RESULTS IL-31RA and OSMR were expressed on human basophils. IL-31 was strongly expressed in the skin of patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria and was released from isolated basophils following either anti-IgE, IL-3 or fMLP stimulation. IL-31 induced chemotaxis and the release of IL-4 and IL-13 which was specifically inhibited by anti-IL-31RA and anti-OSMR. Conversely, IL-31 had no effect on CD63 and CD203c externalization or histamine release. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Human basophils are a source of -and are activated by - IL-31 with the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the induction of chemotaxis indicating an important novel function of IL-31 in basophil biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- U Raap
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Oldenburg, Klinikum Oldenburg AöR, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - M Gehring
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - S Kleiner
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - U Rüdrich
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - B Eiz-Vesper
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - H Haas
- Division of Cellular Allergology, Research Center Borstel, Borstel, Germany
| | - A Kapp
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - B F Gibbs
- Medway School of Pharmacy, University of Kent, Chatham Maritime, UK
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Mommert S, Kleiner S, Gehring M, Eiz-Vesper B, Stark H, Gutzmer R, Werfel T, Raap U. Human basophil chemotaxis and activation are regulated via the histamine H4 receptor. Allergy 2016; 71:1264-73. [PMID: 26948974 DOI: 10.1111/all.12875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND IgE-mediated cross-linking of FcεRI results in the release of mediators stored in basophil granules, such as histamine and proteases, and in the de novo synthesis of sulfidoleukotrienes. OBJECTIVE In this study, we investigated the role of the histamine receptors, in particular that of the histamine H4 receptor (H4R), in modulating human basophil function. METHODS The mRNA expression of the histamine receptors was measured by real-time PCR. Migration of basophils was assessed using the modified Boyden chamber technique. The expression levels of CD63 and CD203c on the cell surface and the sulfidoleukotriene release were determined by flow cytometry and ELISA, respectively. RESULTS We could show that highly purified basophils express the H1R, H2R, and H4R but not the H3R mRNA. Human basophils expressed higher H4R mRNA levels as compared to the expression levels of the H1R (P < 0.01). Histamine and the H4R agonist ST-1006 initiated active migration of basophils (P < 0.001). A significant reduction in FcεRI cross-linking-mediated surface expression of CD63 and CD203c was observed on basophils after pre-incubation with histamine or the specific H4R agonist ST-1006 (P < 0.01). The synthesis and release of sulfidoleukotrienes from basophils after activation with different stimuli, by FcεRI cross-linking or by stimulation with hymenoptera venom allergens, were significantly reduced by histamine or the H4R agonist ST-1006 (P < 0.05-0.001). CONCLUSION These data imply that the H4R regulates IgE-dependent processes in human basophils and provides a novel function of the H4R preventing an overwhelming immune reaction by engagement of a negative feedback loop.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S. Mommert
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy; Hannover Medical School; Hannover Germany
| | - S. Kleiner
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy; Hannover Medical School; Hannover Germany
| | - M. Gehring
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy; Hannover Medical School; Hannover Germany
| | - B. Eiz-Vesper
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine; Hannover Medical School; Hannover Germany
| | - H. Stark
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry; Heinrich Heine University; Duesseldorf Germany
| | - R. Gutzmer
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy; Hannover Medical School; Hannover Germany
| | - T. Werfel
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy; Hannover Medical School; Hannover Germany
| | - U. Raap
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy; Hannover Medical School; Hannover Germany
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Kleiner S, Braunstahl GJ, Rüdrich U, Gehring M, Eiz-Vesper B, Luger TA, Steelant B, Seys SF, Kapp A, Böhm M, Hellings PW, Raap U. Regulation of melanocortin 1 receptor in allergic rhinitis in vitro and in vivo. Clin Exp Allergy 2016; 46:1066-74. [PMID: 27196703 DOI: 10.1111/cea.12759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Revised: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) was shown to inhibit allergic airway inflammation and exert suppressive effects on human basophils. OBJECTIVE This study aims to extend our current knowledge on the melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) expression in nasal tissue of patients with allergic rhinitis (AR) and functional effects of α-MSH in human basophils especially from patients with allergic rhinitis. METHODS MC1R expression before and after nasal allergen provocation was studied in nasal mucosal tissue of AR patients and in a mouse model of allergic airway inflammation using immunofluorescence. In vitro regulation of the MC1R and CD203c surface expression on whole-blood basophils of patients with AR and controls was assessed with flow cytometry. Functional effects of α-MSH on isolated basophils were analysed regarding apoptosis with flow cytometry and chemotaxis using a Boyden chamber assay. RESULTS We detected an accumulation of MC1R-positive basophils in nasal mucosa tissue of patients with AR 24 h after nasal allergen provocation. Such accumulation was not present in mucosa sections from healthy controls. In mice with allergic airway inflammation, we found a clear accumulation of MC1R-positive basophils in the nasal tissue compared to control mice. MC1R expression was inducible in AR patients and controls by stimulation with anti-IgE. α-MSH inhibited anti-IgE and grass pollen induced upregulation of CD203c, but had no effect on chemotaxis or apoptosis of basophils in vitro. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE MC1R-positive basophils accumulate in the nasal mucosa of patients with AR after nasal allergen provocation. Since α-MSH suppresses proinflammatory effector functions in human basophils via the MC1R, it constitutes an interesting novel target for modulating the allergic inflammatory response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Kleiner
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - G-J Braunstahl
- Department of Pulmonology, Sint Franciscus Gasthuis, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - U Rüdrich
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - M Gehring
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - B Eiz-Vesper
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - T A Luger
- Department of Dermatology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - B Steelant
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - S F Seys
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - A Kapp
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - M Böhm
- Department of Dermatology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - P W Hellings
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - U Raap
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Kleiner S, Beer M, Schmitz BL. [Dorsal thoracic arachnoid septa - detection in MRI with time resolved sequences (CineTrueFISP sequence)]. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2015. [PMID: 26200568 DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1553339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
14
|
Kong X, Banks A, Liu T, Kazak L, Rao RR, Cohen P, Wang X, Yu S, Lo JC, Tseng YH, Cypess AM, Xue R, Kleiner S, Kang S, Spiegelman BM, Rosen ED. IRF4 is a key thermogenic transcriptional partner of PGC-1α. Cell 2014; 158:69-83. [PMID: 24995979 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2014.04.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Revised: 03/14/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Brown fat can reduce obesity through the dissipation of calories as heat. Control of thermogenic gene expression occurs via the induction of various coactivators, most notably PGC-1α. In contrast, the transcription factor partner(s) of these cofactors are poorly described. Here, we identify interferon regulatory factor 4 (IRF4) as a dominant transcriptional effector of thermogenesis. IRF4 is induced by cold and cAMP in adipocytes and is sufficient to promote increased thermogenic gene expression, energy expenditure, and cold tolerance. Conversely, knockout of IRF4 in UCP1(+) cells causes reduced thermogenic gene expression and energy expenditure, obesity, and cold intolerance. IRF4 also induces the expression of PGC-1α and PRDM16 and interacts with PGC-1α, driving Ucp1 expression. Finally, cold, β-agonists, or forced expression of PGC-1α are unable to cause thermogenic gene expression in the absence of IRF4. These studies establish IRF4 as a transcriptional driver of a program of thermogenic gene expression and energy expenditure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xingxing Kong
- Division of Endocrinology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Alexander Banks
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Tiemin Liu
- Division of Endocrinology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Lawrence Kazak
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Rajesh R Rao
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Paul Cohen
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Xun Wang
- Division of Endocrinology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Songtao Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Memorial Research Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60614, USA
| | - James C Lo
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Yu-Hua Tseng
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Aaron M Cypess
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Ruidan Xue
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Sandra Kleiner
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Sona Kang
- Division of Endocrinology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Bruce M Spiegelman
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Evan D Rosen
- Division of Endocrinology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Kir S, White JP, Kleiner S, Kazak L, Cohen P, Baracos VE, Spiegelman BM. Tumour-derived PTH-related protein triggers adipose tissue browning and cancer cachexia. Nature 2014; 513:100-4. [PMID: 25043053 DOI: 10.1038/nature13528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 446] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Cachexia is a wasting disorder of adipose and skeletal muscle tissues that leads to profound weight loss and frailty. About half of all cancer patients suffer from cachexia, which impairs quality of life, limits cancer therapy and decreases survival. One key characteristic of cachexia is higher resting energy expenditure levels than in healthy individuals, which has been linked to greater thermogenesis by brown fat. How tumours induce brown fat activity is unknown. Here, using a Lewis lung carcinoma model of cancer cachexia, we show that tumour-derived parathyroid-hormone-related protein (PTHrP) has an important role in wasting, through driving the expression of genes involved in thermogenesis in adipose tissues. Neutralization of PTHrP in tumour-bearing mice blocked adipose tissue browning and the loss of muscle mass and strength. Our results demonstrate that PTHrP mediates energy wasting in fat tissues and contributes to the broader aspects of cancer cachexia. Thus, neutralization of PTHrP might hold promise for ameliorating cancer cachexia and improving patient survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Serkan Kir
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - James P White
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Sandra Kleiner
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Lawrence Kazak
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Paul Cohen
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Vickie E Baracos
- Department of Oncology, Division of Palliative Care Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 1Z2, Canada
| | - Bruce M Spiegelman
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Sczelecki S, Besse-Patin A, Abboud A, Kleiner S, Laznik-Bogoslavski D, Wrann CD, Ruas JL, Haibe-Kains B, Estall JL. Loss of Pgc-1α expression in aging mouse muscle potentiates glucose intolerance and systemic inflammation. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2014; 306:E157-67. [PMID: 24280126 PMCID: PMC4073996 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00578.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes risk increases significantly with age and correlates with lower oxidative capacity in muscle. Decreased expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (Pgc-1α) and target gene pathways involved in mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation are associated with muscle insulin resistance, but a causative role has not been established. We sought to determine whether a decline in Pgc-1α and oxidative gene expression occurs during aging and potentiates the development of age-associated insulin resistance. Muscle-specific Pgc-1α knockout (MKO) mice and wild-type littermate controls were aged for 2 yr. Genetic signatures of skeletal muscle (microarray and mRNA expression) and metabolic profiles (glucose homeostasis, mitochondrial metabolism, body composition, lipids, and indirect calorimetry) of mice were compared at 3, 12, and 24 mo of age. Microarray and gene set enrichment analysis highlighted decreased function of the electron transport chain as characteristic of both aging muscle and loss of Pgc-1α expression. Despite significant reductions in oxidative gene expression and succinate dehydrogenase activity, young mice lacking Pgc-1α in muscle had lower fasting glucose and insulin. Consistent with loss of oxidative capacity during aging, Pgc-1α and Pgc-1β expression were reduced in aged wild-type mouse muscle. Interestingly, the combination of age and loss of muscle Pgc-1α expression impaired glucose tolerance and led to increased fat mass, insulin resistance, and inflammatory markers in white adipose and liver tissues. Therefore, loss of Pgc-1α expression and decreased mitochondrial oxidative capacity contribute to worsening glucose tolerance and chronic systemic inflammation associated with aging.
Collapse
|
17
|
Affiliation(s)
- James White
- Cell Biology, DFCIHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA
| | - Jorge Ruas
- Cell Biology, DFCIHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA
| | - Rajesh Rao
- Cell Biology, DFCIHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA
| | | | - Jun Wu
- Cell Biology, DFCIHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA
| | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Ruas JL, White JP, Rao RR, Kleiner S, Brannan KT, Harrison BC, Greene NP, Wu J, Estall JL, Irving BA, Lanza IR, Rasbach KA, Okutsu M, Nair KS, Yan Z, Leinwand LA, Spiegelman BM. A PGC-1α isoform induced by resistance training regulates skeletal muscle hypertrophy. Cell 2013; 151:1319-31. [PMID: 23217713 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2012.10.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 471] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2012] [Revised: 06/30/2012] [Accepted: 10/26/2012] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
PGC-1α is a transcriptional coactivator induced by exercise that gives muscle many of the best known adaptations to endurance-type exercise but has no effects on muscle strength or hypertrophy. We have identified a form of PGC-1α (PGC-1α4) that results from alternative promoter usage and splicing of the primary transcript. PGC-1α4 is highly expressed in exercised muscle but does not regulate most known PGC-1α targets such as the mitochondrial OXPHOS genes. Rather, it specifically induces IGF1 and represses myostatin, and expression of PGC-1α4 in vitro and in vivo induces robust skeletal muscle hypertrophy. Importantly, mice with skeletal muscle-specific transgenic expression of PGC-1α4 show increased muscle mass and strength and dramatic resistance to the muscle wasting of cancer cachexia. Expression of PGC-1α4 is preferentially induced in mouse and human muscle during resistance exercise. These studies identify a PGC-1α protein that regulates and coordinates factors involved in skeletal muscle hypertrophy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge L Ruas
- Department of Cell Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Ye L, Kleiner S, Wu J, Sah R, Gupta RK, Banks AS, Cohen P, Khandekar MJ, Boström P, Mepani RJ, Laznik D, Kamenecka TM, Song X, Liedtke W, Mootha VK, Puigserver P, Griffin PR, Clapham DE, Spiegelman BM. TRPV4 is a regulator of adipose oxidative metabolism, inflammation, and energy homeostasis. Cell 2012; 151:96-110. [PMID: 23021218 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2012.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 253] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2012] [Revised: 05/21/2012] [Accepted: 08/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PGC1α is a key transcriptional coregulator of oxidative metabolism and thermogenesis. Through a high-throughput chemical screen, we found that molecules antagonizing the TRPVs (transient receptor potential vanilloid), a family of ion channels, induced PGC1α expression in adipocytes. In particular, TRPV4 negatively regulated the expression of PGC1α, UCP1, and cellular respiration. Additionally, it potently controlled the expression of multiple proinflammatory genes involved in the development of insulin resistance. Mice with a null mutation for TRPV4 or wild-type mice treated with a TRPV4 antagonist showed elevated thermogenesis in adipose tissues and were protected from diet-induced obesity, adipose inflammation, and insulin resistance. This role of TRPV4 as a cell-autonomous mediator for both the thermogenic and proinflammatory programs in adipocytes could offer a target for treating obesity and related metabolic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Ye
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Fisher FM, Kleiner S, Douris N, Fox EC, Mepani RJ, Verdeguer F, Wu J, Kharitonenkov A, Flier JS, Maratos-Flier E, Spiegelman BM. FGF21 regulates PGC-1α and browning of white adipose tissues in adaptive thermogenesis. Genes Dev 2012; 26:271-81. [PMID: 22302939 DOI: 10.1101/gad.177857.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1148] [Impact Index Per Article: 95.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Certain white adipose tissue (WAT) depots are readily able to convert to a "brown-like" state with prolonged cold exposure or exposure to β-adrenergic compounds. This process is characterized by the appearance of pockets of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1)-positive, multilocular adipocytes and serves to increase the thermogenic capacity of the organism. We show here that fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) plays a physiologic role in this thermogenic recruitment of WATs. In fact, mice deficient in FGF21 display an impaired ability to adapt to chronic cold exposure, with diminished browning of WAT. Adipose-derived FGF21 acts in an autocrine/paracrine manner to increase expression of UCP1 and other thermogenic genes in fat tissues. FGF21 regulates this process, at least in part, by enhancing adipose tissue PGC-1α protein levels independently of mRNA expression. We conclude that FGF21 acts to activate and expand the thermogenic machinery in vivo to provide a robust defense against hypothermia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ffolliott M Fisher
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Gupta RK, Mepani RJ, Kleiner S, Lo JC, Khandekar MJ, Cohen P, Frontini A, Bhowmick DC, Ye L, Cinti S, Spiegelman BM. Zfp423 expression identifies committed preadipocytes and localizes to adipose endothelial and perivascular cells. Cell Metab 2012; 15:230-9. [PMID: 22326224 PMCID: PMC3366493 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2012.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 306] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2011] [Revised: 12/04/2011] [Accepted: 01/06/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Progress has been made in elucidating the cell-surface phenotype of primary adipose progenitors; however, specific functional markers and distinct molecular signatures of fat depot-specific preadipocytes have remained elusive. In this study, we label committed murine adipose progenitors through expression of GFP from the genetic locus for Zfp423, a gene controlling preadipocyte determination. Selection of GFP-expressing fibroblasts from either subcutaneous or visceral adipose-derived stromal vascular cultures isolates stably committed preadipocytes that undergo robust adipogenesis. Immunohistochemistry for Zfp423-driven GFP expression in vivo confirms a perivascular origin of preadipocytes within both white and brown adipose tissues. Interestingly, a small subset of capillary endothelial cells within white and brown fat also express this marker, suggesting a contribution of specialized endothelial cells to the adipose lineage. Zfp423(GFP) mice represent a simple tool for the specific localization and isolation of molecularly defined preadipocytes from distinct adipose tissue depots.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rana K Gupta
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Kleiner S, Nguyen-Tran V, Baré O, Huang X, Spiegelman B, Wu Z. PPAR{delta} agonism activates fatty acid oxidation via PGC-1{alpha} but does not increase mitochondrial gene expression and function. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:18624-33. [PMID: 19435887 PMCID: PMC2707195 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.008797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
PPARdelta (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta) is a regulator of lipid metabolism and has been shown to induce fatty acid oxidation (FAO). PPARdelta transgenic and knock-out mice indicate an involvement of PPARdelta in regulating mitochondrial biogenesis and oxidative capacity; however, the precise mechanisms by which PPARdelta regulates these pathways in skeletal muscle remain unclear. In this study, we determined the effect of selective PPARdelta agonism with the synthetic ligand, GW501516, on FAO and mitochondrial gene expression in vitro and in vivo. Our results show that activation of PPARdelta by GW501516 led to a robust increase in mRNA levels of key lipid metabolism genes. Mitochondrial gene expression and function were not induced under the same conditions. Additionally, the activation of Pdk4 transcription by PPARdelta was coactivated by PGC-1alpha. PGC-1alpha, but not PGC-1beta, was essential for full activation of Cpt-1b and Pdk4 gene expression via PPARdelta agonism. Furthermore, the induction of FAO by PPARdelta agonism was completely abolished in the absence of both PGC-1alpha and PGC-1beta. Conversely, PGC-1alpha-driven FAO was independent of PPARdelta. Neither GW501516 treatment nor knockdown of PPARdelta affects PGC-1alpha-induced mitochondrial gene expression in primary myotubes. These results demonstrate that pharmacological activation of PPARdelta induces FAO via PGC-1alpha. However, PPARdelta agonism does not induce mitochondrial gene expression and function. PGC-1alpha-induced FAO and mitochondrial biogenesis appear to be independent of PPARdelta.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Kleiner
- From the Cardiovascular and Metabolism Disease Area, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
- the Dana Farber Cancer Institute and the Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Van Nguyen-Tran
- the Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, San Diego, California 92121, and
| | - Olivia Baré
- From the Cardiovascular and Metabolism Disease Area, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Xueming Huang
- From the Cardiovascular and Metabolism Disease Area, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Bruce Spiegelman
- the Dana Farber Cancer Institute and the Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Zhidan Wu
- From the Cardiovascular and Metabolism Disease Area, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Abstract
Loss of E-cadherin-mediated cell-cell adhesion and expression of proteolytic enzymes characterize the transition from benign lesions to invasive, metastatic tumor, a rate-limiting step in the progression from adenoma to carcinoma in vivo. A soluble E-cadherin fragment found recently in the serum and urine of cancer patients has been shown to disrupt cell-cell adhesion and to drive cell invasion in a dominant-interfering manner. Physical disruption of cell-cell adhesion can be mimicked by the function-blocking antibody Decma. We have shown previously in MCF7 and T47D cells that urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) activity is up-regulated upon disruption of E-cadherin-dependent cell-cell adhesion. We explored the underlying molecular mechanisms and found that blockage of E-cadherin by Decma elicits a signaling pathway downstream of E-cadherin that leads to Src-dependent Shc and extracellular regulated kinase (Erk) activation and results in uPAgene activation. siRNA-mediated knockdown of endogenous Src-homology collagen protein (Shc) and subsequent expression of single Shc isoforms revealed that p46(Shc) and p52(Shc) but not p66(Shc) were able to mediate Erk activation. A parallel pathway involving PI3K contributed partially to Decma-induced Erk activation. This report describes that disruption of E-cadherin-dependent cell-cell adhesion induces intracellular signaling with the potential to enhance tumorigenesis and, thus, offers new insights into the pathophysiological mechanisms of tumor development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Kleiner
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Cramer A, Kleiner S, Westermann M, Meissner A, Lange A, Friedrich K. Activation of the c-Met receptor complex in fibroblasts drives invasive cell behavior by signaling through transcription factor STAT3. J Cell Biochem 2005; 95:805-16. [PMID: 15838885 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.20459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
c-Met is the receptor for hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor (HGF/SF). It mediates multiple cellular responses in development and adult life, and c-Met hyperactivity is associated with malignant transformation of cells and the acquisition of metastatic properties. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) has been shown to contribute to c-Met-mediated cell motility and is, thus, potentially involved in the control of invasive cell behavior. We have functionally reconstituted c-Met-dependent signal transduction in fibroblasts with the aim of studying Met-driven cell invasiveness and the role of STAT3 in this phenomenon. Activation of the system was achieved by means of a hybrid receptor comprising the extracellular domain of the nerve growth factor (NGF) receptor TrkA, the cytoplasmic part of c-Met and a C-terminally fused blue fluorescent protein (BFP). In addition, a GFP-tagged derivative of adaptor protein Gab1 was expressed. NGF-stimulation of mouse fibroblasts expressing tagged versions of both Trk-Met and Gab1 with NGF resulted in anchorage-independent growth and enhanced invasiveness. By freeze-fracture cytochemistry and electron microscopy, we were able to visualize the ligand-induced formation of multivalent receptor complex assemblies within the cell membrane. NGF-stimulation of the heterologous receptor system evoked activation of STAT3 as evidenced by tyrosine phosphorylation and the formation of STAT3 clusters at the cell membrane. siRNA-mediated ablation of STAT3 expression resulted in a drastic reduction of c-Met-driven invasiveness, indicating an important role of STAT3 in the control of this particularly relevant property of transformed cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Cramer
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Nonnenplan 2, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Abstract
We have shown previously that cytoskeletal reorganization (CSR) induced by pharmacological reagents such as colchicine or cytochalasins can up-regulate the urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) gene via the Ras/Erk signaling pathway. In this present study using the small interfering RNA technique, we have found that ShcA adapter proteins play a rather active role in CSR-induced Erk activation, contrary to their mostly redundant role in other signaling pathways, e.g. growth factor-induced Erk activation, where Grb2 can bind directly to the receptor tyrosine kinase and activate Erk in the absence of ShcA. ShcA knockdown abolished CSR-induced activation of both Erk and the uPA promoter. Expression of small interfering RNA-escaping silent mutants of p52 or p46 but not p66 ShcA isoform efficiently rescued CSR-induced Erk activation. Moreover, we have shown that phosphorylation of either Tyr-239/Tyr-240 or Tyr-313 in p52(ShcA) can mediate CSR-induced Erk activation equally well. In a quest for molecules upstream of ShcA in this signaling, we found that CSR-induced ShcA tyrosine phosphorylation, its association with Grb2, Erk activation, and uPA gene expression were all dependent on Rho kinase, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, and Src. In summary, we have found a novel, non-redundant role for ShcA in contrast to its redundant role in many other signaling pathways.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing
- Adaptor Proteins, Vesicular Transport/metabolism
- Adaptor Proteins, Vesicular Transport/physiology
- Animals
- Blotting, Western
- Colchicine/pharmacology
- Cytoskeleton/metabolism
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Enzyme Activation
- Genes, Reporter
- LLC-PK1 Cells
- Mice
- Microscopy, Fluorescence
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism
- Models, Biological
- Mutation
- Oxidative Stress
- Phosphorylation
- Plasmids/metabolism
- Protein Isoforms
- Protein Structure, Tertiary
- Proteins/metabolism
- RNA, Small Interfering/metabolism
- Shc Signaling Adaptor Proteins
- Signal Transduction
- Src Homology 2 Domain-Containing, Transforming Protein 1
- Swine
- Transfection
- Tyrosine/chemistry
- Up-Regulation
- Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator/biosynthesis
- p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amir Faisal
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Maulbeerstrasse 66, CH-4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Kisielow M, Kleiner S, Nagasawa M, Faisal A, Nagamine Y. Isoform-specific knockdown and expression of adaptor protein ShcA using small interfering RNA. Biochem J 2002; 363:1-5. [PMID: 11903040 PMCID: PMC1222444 DOI: 10.1042/0264-6021:3630001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Many eukaryotic genes are expressed as multiple isoforms through the differential utilization of transcription/translation initiation sites or alternative splicing. The conventional approach for studying individual isoforms in a clean background (i.e. without the influence of other isoforms) has been to express them in cells or whole organisms in which the target gene has been deleted; this is time-consuming. Recently an efficient post-transcriptional gene-silencing method has been reported that employs a small interfering double-stranded RNA (siRNA). On the basis of this method we report a rapid alternative approach for isoform-specific gene expression. We show how the adaptor protein ShcA can be suppressed and expressed in an isoform-specific manner in a human cell line. ShcA exists in three isoforms, namely p66, p52 and p46, which differ only in their N-terminal regions and are derived from two different transcripts, namely p66 and p52/p46 mRNAs. An siRNA with a sequence shared by the two transcripts suppressed all of them. However, another siRNA whose sequence was present only in p66 mRNA suppressed only the p66 isoform, suggesting that the siRNA signal did not propagate to other regions of the target mRNA. The expression of individual isoforms was achieved by first down-regulating all isoforms by the common siRNA and then transfecting with an expression vector for each isoform that harboured silent mutations at the site corresponding to the siRNA. This allowed functional analysis of individual ShcA isoforms and may be more generally applicable for studying genes encoding multiple proteins.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing
- Blotting, Western
- Cloning, Molecular
- Cytoplasm/metabolism
- DNA, Complementary/metabolism
- Down-Regulation
- Gene Silencing
- Genetic Techniques
- HeLa Cells
- Humans
- Kinetics
- Protein Biosynthesis
- Protein Isoforms
- Protein Structure, Tertiary
- Proteins/chemistry
- Proteins/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- RNA, Small Interfering
- RNA, Untranslated/chemistry
- RNA, Untranslated/metabolism
- Shc Signaling Adaptor Proteins
- Src Homology 2 Domain-Containing, Transforming Protein 1
- Transcription, Genetic
- Transfection
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata Kisielow
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Maulbeerstrasse 66 CH-4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Kingreen D, Beyer J, Kleiner S, Reif S, Huhn D, Siegert W. ICE--an efficient drug combination for stem cell mobilization and high-dose treatment of malignant lymphoma. Eur J Haematol Suppl 2001; 64:46-50. [PMID: 11486402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
Between 1989 and 1999 we studied the ICE regimen in sequential trials in 290 patients with malignant lymphoma and germ-cell tumours. For patients with relapsed or refractory lymphoma we could demonstrate a comparable efficacy of ICE to other high-dose chemotherapy (HDCT) regimens but with a toxicity profile in favour of ICE. From a retrospective comparative analysis of ICE as HDCT regimen in patients with malignant lymphoma and germ-cell tumours we conclude that the characteristic toxicity profile of ICE varies depending on prior drug exposure of individual patients. Further dose intensification of ICE may be achieved with acceptable toxicity by adding further drugs (e.g. anthracyclines) or by treatment with sequential cycles of ICE (Tandem-HDCT). More convenient drug formulations (e.g. etoposide phosphate) might further improve the therapeutic index of ICE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Kingreen
- Klinik für Innere Medizin m.S. Hämatologie/Onkologie Charité, Campus Virchow Klinikum Augustenburgerplatz 1 D-13353 Berlin, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Kleiner S, Kirsch A, Schwaner I, Kingreen D, Schwella N, Huhn D, Siegert W. High-dose chemotherapy with carboplatin, etoposide and ifosfamide followed by autologous stem cell rescue in patients with relapsed or refractory malignant lymphomas: a phase I/II study. Bone Marrow Transplant 1997; 20:953-9. [PMID: 9422474 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bmt.1701002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Patients with relapsed or refractory non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL) and Hodgkin's disease (HD) with recurrences after an anthracyclin-containing regimen only have a chance of cure of below 10% with conventional chemotherapy. In order to improve their prognosis, we started a phase I/II trial using high-dose therapy comprising carboplatin, together with etoposide and ifosfamide (CEI), followed by autologous stem cell rescue (ASCR) as consolidation after salvage treatment. Since September 1990, 40 patients with intensively pretreated advanced NHL (n = 24) or HD (n = 16) received one cycle of high-dose therapy (HDT) consisting of carboplatin 1500 mg/m2, ifosfamide 10 g/m2 and etoposide in escalating doses from 1200 mg/m2 to 2400 mg/m2 followed by ASCR. Thirty-nine patients were assessable for toxicity and response. The following doses appeared to be safe: carboplatin 1500 mg/m2, etoposide 2400 mg/m2 and ifosfamide 10 g/m2. All patients developed grade 3 nausea and grade 3 or 4 mucositis. Granulocytopenic fever occurred in 100% with grade 4 infections in 15%. Mild transient kidney toxicity was noted in 36% and liver toxicity in 20% of patients. One toxic death occurred (2.5%). Objective responses were obtained in 36 of 39 patients (92%) with complete remissions (CR) in 24 patients (61.5%) and partial remissions (PR) in 12 (30.7%). Median observation time for surviving patients was 23.3 months (range 3.4-52.3). The probabilities of overall, event-free and relapse-free survival at 2 years are 62, 39 and 55%, respectively. Patients with primary refractory disease or resistant relapse had a poor prognosis. High-dose carboplatin, etoposide and ifosfamide plus autologous stem cell rescue represents an effective, potentially curative salvage treatment with acceptable toxicities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Kleiner
- Abteilung für Innere Medizin und Poliklinik m S Hämatologie und Onkologie, Virchow-Klinikum der Humboldt-Universität, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Kleiner S, Bringmann A. Nucleus basalis magnocellularis and pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus: control of the slow EEG waves in rats. Arch Ital Biol 1996; 134:153-67. [PMID: 8741223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Certain human disorders, which are characterized by learning and memory disturbances, are also accompanied by synchronizations of the cortical electroencephalogram (EEG). Although the EEG synchronization was casually related to the degeneration of the cholinergic basal forebrain, degenerations were found also in the cholinergic pontomesencephalic tegmentum. The present study was carried out to prove whether lesions of rat's pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus (PPTg) may cause EEG synchronizations like lesions of the basal forebrain. The effects of the unilateral ibotenic acid lesions of the nucleus basalis magnocellularis (NBM) and of the PPTg on the frontal and occipital EEG were compared in different behavioural states. The NBM lesion caused unilateral spectral power increases of all frequencies up to 20 Hz in the frontal EEG that were stronger with increased arousal level. Additionally, synchronized spike and wave discharges appeared in the frontal EEG. The NBM may suppress especially the delta EEG waves in the frontal motor cortex during motor active behaviours. The PPTg lesion caused unilateral suppressions of the occipital theta rhythm during exploratoring sniffing. During grooming the power of the frontal delta waves were elevated. Furthermore, the PPTg lesion caused a suppression of slow sleep waves. The results may indicate that a degeneration of both brain regions may change differently the power of the cortical slow EEG waves.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Kleiner
- University of Leipzig, School of Medicine, Paul Flechsig Institute of Brain Research, Department of Neurophysiology, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Abstract
A study of immunological markers was performed in 16 patients with newly diagnosed refractory anaemia with excess of blasts (RAEB) and RAEB in transformation (RAEB-T) and in 12 other patients with acute myeloid leukaemia evolving from RAEB or RAEB-T. Immunocytochemical investigation of bone marrow blasts was done using a modified indirect immunoperoxidase technique. This method permitted accurate morphological identification of blasts and other cells in bone marrow. The monoclonal antibodies used in RAEB and RAEB-T samples were anti-CD34, -c-kit, -HLA-DR and -CD13. The range of CD34 expression of blasts in RAEB samples was 1-14% (mean 6.2%) and in RAEB-T samples 29-48% (mean 35.5%). CD34 positivity was detected in 3-94% (mean 47.4%) of the bone marrow blasts in acute myeloid leukaemia evolving from RAEB and RAEB-T. Expression of c-kit was demonstrated only in a low percentage of blast cells in RAEB, RAEB-T and acute myeloid leukaemia following myelodysplasia. A high percentage (> 30%) of blasts in most patients with RAEB, RAEB-T and acute myeloid leukaemia was HLA-DR and CD13 positive. We observed the transformation from RAEB to acute myeloid leukaemia in three patients. The proportion of CD34 positive blasts increased to 25% and 32% in two patients. The third patient showed an unchanged percentage of CD34 positivity of blasts. These findings indicate that the CD34 positivity of blasts increases with the progression of myelodysplasia to RAEB-T and acute myeloid leukaemia demonstrating the instability of the clonal defect in myelodysplasia.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Acute Disease
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Anemia, Refractory, with Excess of Blasts/immunology
- Antigens, CD/analysis
- Antigens, CD34
- Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic/analysis
- Antigens, Neoplasm/analysis
- Bone Marrow/immunology
- CD13 Antigens
- Female
- HLA-DR Antigens/analysis
- Humans
- Immunoenzyme Techniques
- Immunophenotyping
- Leukemia, Myeloid/immunology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/immunology
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit
- Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/immunology
- Receptors, Colony-Stimulating Factor/immunology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Oertel
- Hämatologische Abteilung, Freien Universität Berlin, Germany
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Abstract
We have studied the immunophenotypic features in patients with chronic lymphoid leukaemia and investigated the suitability of classification according to guidelines of the French-American-British (FAB) group. Immunophenotyping was carried out on cytocentrifuge preparations of mononuclear blood leukocytes using the alkaline phosphatase-antialkaline phosphatase (APAAP) method. The 114 leukaemias, including 58 cases of B-chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (B-CLL), 3 Waldenström's macroglobulinaemia, 6 prolymphocytic leukaemia (B-PL), 13 B-CLL/PL, 4 B-CLL of mixed cell type, 8 splenic lymphoma with villous lymphocytes (SLVL), 8 hairy cell leukaemia (HCL), two HCL variant, three leukaemic phase of follicular lymphoma, two leukaemic phase of intermediate lymphoma, two plasma cell leukaemia and two chronic T-cell leukaemia, were investigated. The 111 of 112 B-chronic lymphoid leukaemias (B-CLL + B-PL + B-CLL/PL + SLVL + HCL etc.) showed monotypic light chains. The antibody HML1 was highly specific for HCL. The antibodies CD11c and CD25 were positive in all HCL cases, but were not specific for this disease. CD5 positivity and CD22s negativity were found in most patients with B-CLL, B-CLL/PL and B-CLL of mixed type. This marker type has a limited value for differentiation from the other chronic lymphoid leukaemias. We also studied three patients with chronic lymphoid leukaemia which were not described by the FAB classification. We conclude that a study of the morphology of the leukaemic cells was the most useful basis for the diagnosis of these leukaemias, whereas immunotyping was apparently valuable only in individual cases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Oertel
- Hämatologische Abteilung im Klinikum R. Virchow-Charlottenburg, Freien Universität Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Affiliation(s)
- K Rosenkranz
- Strahlenklinik und Poliklinik, Universitätsklinikum Rudolf Virchow, Freie Universität Berlin
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Oelkers W, Kleiner S, Bähr V. Effects of incremental infusions of atrial natriuretic factor on aldosterone, renin, and blood pressure in humans. Hypertension 1988; 12:462-7. [PMID: 2971619 DOI: 10.1161/01.hyp.12.4.462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
To evaluate the physiological effects of human atrial natriuretic factor-(99-126) (ANF), we infused ANF, 0.1, 0.3, and 1.0 micrograms/min, or placebo for 125 minutes on different days into six sodium-deprived normal men. During the last 45 minutes of infusion, angiotensin II, 6 ng/kg/min, was infused. Blood pressure, heart rate, plasma concentrations of ANF, aldosterone, and cortisol, and plasma renin activity (PRA) were measured before and during infusion. Steady state mean plasma ANF levels during infusion were 26.2 (placebo), 68.8 (0.1 micrograms ANF/min), 221 (0.3 micrograms ANF/min), and 648 pg/ml (1.0 microgram ANF/min). Systolic blood pressure fell significantly (with 1.0 microgram ANF/min), and diastolic pressure tended to rise in a dose-dependent manner, while heart rate was unchanged. PRA and plasma aldosterone fell during ANF infusion in a dose-dependent manner (significant with 0.3 and 1.0 microgram ANF/min infused). The blood pressure-raising and aldosterone-stimulating effects of angiotensin II were blunted by ANF (significant only with 1.0 microgram ANF/min). It is concluded that effects of ANF on blood pressure and the renin-aldosterone system occur with plasma ANF levels close to the physiological range, as well as with slightly elevated ANF levels, as observed in congestive heart failure and renal insufficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W Oelkers
- Department of Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, West Germany
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Kirkendall DT, Calabrese L, Grogan J, Kleiner S. 309. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1987. [DOI: 10.1249/00005768-198704001-00309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
35
|
Kleiner S. Arizona's rural hospitals. How important? How healthy? A report. Ariz Med 1983; 40:778, 783-8. [PMID: 6661067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
|
36
|
L'Hermite M, Hotton F, Kleiner S, Caufriez A, Robyn C. Amenorrhoea, sterility and hyperprolactinaemia. Importance of complex movement tomographic x-ray study and follow-up of the sella turcica. Ann Endocrinol (Paris) 1977; 38:327-32. [PMID: 900882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In a 24 y.o. woman complaining of primary amenorrhoea and infertility, hyperprolactinaemia and clearly enlarged sella turcica on standard x-rays in 1975 led to the diagnosis of a pituitary prolactin-producing adenoma, later confirmed surgically. Galactorrhoea never occurred spontaneously and could not be provoked at physical examination. In the course of a previous investigation in 1967, the standard x-ray of the sella turcica, although showing already a minor duplication of the anterior wall of the sella, had been misinterpreted as being normal. It is clear from the present observation that repeated, for example at yearly intervals, radiological examinations and prolactin determinations (not available before 1971) would allow an early diagnosis. It is furthermore stressed that a tomographic radiological examination using complex movement (spiral or hypocycloidal) should be mandatory in any case of amenorrhoea with hyperprolactinaemia in order to assess or not the possible existence of a prolactin-producing pituitary adenoma. Indeed, dynamic studies of anterior pituitary secretions cannot allow a differential diagnosis between tumoural and functional hyperprolactinaemia.
Collapse
|
37
|
Hotton F, Kleiner S, Benchekroun S, L'hermite M. [Radiological study of the sella turcica in amenorrhea]. J Belge Radiol 1976; 59:335-40. [PMID: 1010834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|
38
|
van Elegem P, Kleiner S, Hotton F. [Radiation received by the patient during tomography of the petrous bone]. Ann Radiol (Paris) 1974; 17:33-5. [PMID: 4820228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
|
39
|
Bollaert A, Hotton F, Kleiner S, Courtoy M, Appel L. [Tomographic study of congenital malformations of the ear]. Ann Radiol (Paris) 1972; 15:907-14. [PMID: 4644194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
|
40
|
Bollaert A, Hotton F, Kleiner S. [Tomographic study of petrous bone fractures and especially of the aqueduct of Fallopius]. J Belge Radiol 1971; 54:209-22. [PMID: 5562051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
|
41
|
Bollaert A, Bremer A, Kleiner S, Hotton F, Dagnelie J, Lambilliote J. [Colonic polyps and polypoid syndromes]. J Belge Radiol 1971; 54:53-64. [PMID: 5573432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
|