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Chen S, Lu XT, He TT, Yishake D, Tan XY, Hou MJ, Luo Y, Long JA, Tang ZH, Zhong RH, Fang AP, Zhu HL. Betaine Delayed Muscle Loss by Attenuating Samtor Complex Inhibition for mTORC1 Signaling Via Increasing SAM Level. Mol Nutr Food Res 2021; 65:e2100157. [PMID: 34061446 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202100157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE The muscle loss during aging results from the blunt of protein synthesis and poses threat to the elderly health. This study aims to investigate whether betaine affects muscle loss by improving protein synthesis. METHODS AND RESULTS Male C57BL/6J mice are raised from age 12 or 15 months. Mice are fed with AIN-93M diet without or with 2% w/v betaine in distilled water as control group or betaine intervention group (Bet), respectively. Betaine supplementation to mice demonstrates better body composition, grip strength, and motor function. Muscle morphology upregulates expression of myogenic regulate factors, and elevates myosin heavy chain and also improves in Bet group. Betaine promotes muscle protein synthesis via tethering mammalian target of rapamycin complex1 protein kinase (mTORC1) on the lysosomal membrane thereby activating mTORC1 signaling. All these effects aforementioned are time-dependent (p < 0.05). Ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography results show that betaine increases S-adenosyl-l-methionine (SAM) via methionine cycle. SAM sensor-Samtor-overexpression in C2C12 cells could displace mTORC1 from lysosome thereby inhibiting the mTORC1 signaling. Addition of betaine attenuates this inhibition by increasing SAM level and then disrupting interaction of Samtor complex. CONCLUSIONS These observations indicate that betaine could promisingly promote protein synthesis to delay age-related muscle loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Chen
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Xiao-Ting Lu
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Tong-Tong He
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Dinuerguli Yishake
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Xu-Yin Tan
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Meng-Jun Hou
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Yun Luo
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Jing-An Long
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Zhi-Hong Tang
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Rong-Huan Zhong
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Ai-Ping Fang
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Hui-Lian Zhu
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, 510080, China
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