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Puangmalai N, Bhatt N, Bittar A, Jerez C, Shchankin N, Kayed R. Traumatic brain injury derived pathological tau polymorphs induce the distinct propagation pattern and neuroinflammatory response in wild type mice. Prog Neurobiol 2024; 232:102562. [PMID: 38135105 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2023.102562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
The misfolding and aggregation of the tau protein into neurofibrillary tangles constitutes a central feature of tauopathies. Traumatic brain injury (TBI) has emerged as a potential risk factor, triggering the onset and progression of tauopathies. Our previous research revealed distinct polymorphisms in soluble tau oligomers originating from single versus repetitive mild TBIs. However, the mechanisms orchestrating the dissemination of TBI brain-derived tau polymorphs (TBI-BDTPs) remain elusive. In this study, we explored whether TBI-BDTPs could initiate pathological tau formation, leading to distinct pathogenic trajectories. Wild-type mice were exposed to TBI-BDTPs from sham, single-blast (SB), or repeated-blast (RB) conditions, and their memory function was assessed through behavioral assays at 2- and 8-month post-injection. Our findings revealed that RB-BDTPs induced cognitive and motor deficits, concurrently fostering the emergence of toxic tau aggregates within the injected hippocampus. Strikingly, this tau pathology propagated to cortical layers, intensifying over time. Importantly, RB-BDTP-exposed animals displayed heightened glial cell activation, NLRP3 inflammasome formation, and increased TBI biomarkers, particularly triggering the aggregation of S100B, which is indicative of a neuroinflammatory response. Collectively, our results shed light on the intricate mechanisms underlying TBI-BDTP-induced tau pathology and its association with neuroinflammatory processes. This investigation enhances our understanding of tauopathies and their interplay with neurodegenerative and inflammatory pathways following traumatic brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicha Puangmalai
- Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; Departments of Neurology, Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Nemil Bhatt
- Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; Departments of Neurology, Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Alice Bittar
- Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; Departments of Neurology, Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Cynthia Jerez
- Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; Departments of Neurology, Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Nikita Shchankin
- Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; Departments of Neurology, Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Rakez Kayed
- Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; Departments of Neurology, Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
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Kim MJ, Kim JH, Jung JH, Kim SE, Kim HS, Jang MK, Park SH, Lee MS, Suk KT, Kim DJ, Choi EK, Park JW. Serum S100B Levels in Patients with Liver Cirrhosis and Hepatic Encephalopathy. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13030333. [PMID: 36766438 PMCID: PMC9914222 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13030333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is one of the main complications of liver cirrhosis (LC) and is classified into minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE) and overt hepatic encephalopathy (overt HE). S100B is expressed mainly in astrocytes and other glial cells, and S100B has been reported to be associated with various neurological disorders. The present study aimed to investigate the diagnostic ability of serum S100B to discriminate the grade of HE and the parameters correlated with serum S100B levels. Additionally, we investigated whether serum S100B levels can be used to predict 1-year mortality in cirrhotic patients. In total, 95 cirrhotic patients were consecutively enrolled and divided into the following three groups: (i) without any types of HEs; (ii) with MHE; and (iii) with overt HE. The diagnosis of MHE was made by the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Psychometric Hepatic Encephalopathy Score (PHES). Among the three groups, there were no significant differences in serum S100B levels regardless of HE severity. The clinical parameters correlated with serum S100B levels were age, serum bilirubin, and creatinine levels. The Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score showed a significant positive correlation with serum S100B levels. The relationship between serum S100B levels and MELD score was maintained in 48 patients without any type of HE. Additionally, hyperammonemia, low cholesterol levels, and the combination of serum S100B levels ≥ 35 pg/mL with MELD score ≥ 13 were factors for predicting 1- year mortality. In conclusion, serum S100B level was not useful for differentiating the severity of HE. However, we found that serum S100B levels can be affected by age, serum bilirubin, and creatinine in cirrhotic patients and are associated with MELD scores. Additionally, serum S100B levels showed the possibility of predicting 1-year mortality in cirrhotic patients. These findings suggest that serum S100B levels may reflect liver dysfunction and prognosis in liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mo-Jong Kim
- Ilsong Institute of Life Science, Hallym University, Seoul 07247, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Gerontology, Graduate School of Hallym University, Chuncheon-si 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hee Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital of Hallym University Medical Center, 7, Keunjaebong-gil, Hwaseong-si 18450, Republic of Korea
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Diseases, Hallym University, Chuncheon-si 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Jang-Han Jung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital of Hallym University Medical Center, 7, Keunjaebong-gil, Hwaseong-si 18450, Republic of Korea
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Diseases, Hallym University, Chuncheon-si 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Eun Kim
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Diseases, Hallym University, Chuncheon-si 24252, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital of Hallym University Medical Center, 22, Gwanpyeong-ro 170 beon-gil, Dongan-gu, Anyang-si 14068, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung-Su Kim
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Diseases, Hallym University, Chuncheon-si 24252, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital of Hallym University Medical Center, 18, Cheonho-daero 173-gil, Gangdong-gu, Seoul 05355, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung-Kuk Jang
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Diseases, Hallym University, Chuncheon-si 24252, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital of Hallym University Medical Center, 18, Cheonho-daero 173-gil, Gangdong-gu, Seoul 05355, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hoon Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital of Hallym University Medical Center, 1, Singil-ro, Yeongdeungpo-gu, Seoul 07441, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Seok Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital of Hallym University Medical Center, 1, Singil-ro, Yeongdeungpo-gu, Seoul 07441, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Tae Suk
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Diseases, Hallym University, Chuncheon-si 24252, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital of Hallym University Medical Center, 77, Sakju-ro, Chuncheon-si 24253, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Joon Kim
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Diseases, Hallym University, Chuncheon-si 24252, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital of Hallym University Medical Center, 77, Sakju-ro, Chuncheon-si 24253, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Kyoung Choi
- Ilsong Institute of Life Science, Hallym University, Seoul 07247, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Gerontology, Graduate School of Hallym University, Chuncheon-si 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Won Park
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Diseases, Hallym University, Chuncheon-si 24252, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital of Hallym University Medical Center, 22, Gwanpyeong-ro 170 beon-gil, Dongan-gu, Anyang-si 14068, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-31-380-3705
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Jansen van Vuuren J, Pillay S, Naidoo A. Circulating Biomarkers in Long-Term Stroke Prognosis: A Scoping Review Focusing on the South African Setting. Cureus 2022; 14:e23971. [PMID: 35547443 PMCID: PMC9090128 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.23971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebrovascular disease, including both ischaemic and haemorrhagic strokes, remains one of the highest causes of global morbidity and mortality. Developing nations, such as South Africa (SA), are affected disproportionately. Early identification of stroke patients at risk of poor clinical prognosis may result in improved outcomes. In addition to conventional neuroimaging, the role of predictive biomarkers has been shown to be important. Little data exist on their applicability within SA. This scoping review aimed to evaluate the currently available data pertaining to blood biomarkers that aid in the long-term prognostication of patients following stroke and its potential application in the South African setting. This scoping review followed a 6-stage process to identify and critically review currently available literature pertaining to prognostic biomarkers in stroke. An initial 1191 articles were identified and, following rigorous review, 41 articles were included for the purposes of the scoping review. A number of potential biomarkers were identified and grouped according to the function or origin of the marker. Although most biomarkers showed great prognostic potential, the cost and availability will likely limit their application within SA. The burden of stroke is increasing worldwide and appears to be affecting developing countries disproportionately. Access to neuroradiological services is not readily available in all settings and the addition of biomarkers to assist in the long-term prognostication of patients following a stroke can be of great clinical value. The cost and availability of many of the reviewed biomarkers will likely hinder their use in the South African setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Jansen van Vuuren
- Department of Neurology, Grey's Hospital, Pietermaritzburg, ZAF
- School of Clinical Medicine, PhD programme, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, ZAF
- Member, Royal Society of South Africa, Cape Town, ZAF
| | | | - Ansuya Naidoo
- Neurology, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, ZAF
- Department of Neurology, Grey's Hospital, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, ZAF
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Foschi M, Padroni M, Abu-Rumeileh S, Abdelhak A, Russo M, D'Anna L, Guarino M. Diagnostic and Prognostic Blood Biomarkers in Transient Ischemic Attack and Minor Ischemic Stroke: An Up-To-Date Narrative Review. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2022; 31:106292. [PMID: 35026496 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2021.106292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Early diagnosis and correct risk stratification in patients with transient ischemic attack (TIA) and minor ischemic stroke (MIS) is crucial for the high rate of subsequent disabling stroke. Although highly improved, diagnosis and prognostication of TIA/MIS patients remain still based on clinical and neuroimaging findings, with some inter-rater variability even among trained neurologists. OBJECTIVES To provide an up-to-date overview of diagnostic and prognostic blood biomarkers in TIA and MIS patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS We performed a bibliographic search on PubMed database with last access on July 10th 2021. More than 680 articles were screened and we finally included only primary studies on blood biomarkers. RESULTS In a narrative fashion, we discussed about blood biomarkers investigated in TIA/MIS patients, including inflammatory, thrombosis, neuronal injury and cardiac analytes, antibodies and microRNAs. Other soluble molecules have been demonstrated to predict the risk of recurrent cerebrovascular events or treatment response in these patients. A rapid point of care assay, combining the determination of different biomarkers, has been developed to improve triage recognition of acute cerebrovascular accidents. CONCLUSIONS The implementation of blood biomarkers in the clinical management of TIA/MIS could ameliorate urgent identification, risk stratification and individual treatment choice. Large prospective and longitudinal studies, adopting standardized sampling and analytic procedures, are needed to clarify blood biomarkers kinetic and their relationship with TIA and minor stroke etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Foschi
- Department of Neuroscience, Neurology Unit, S. Maria delle Croci Hospital of Ravenna, AUSL Romagna, Ravenna, Italy; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Marina Padroni
- Neurology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara, Cona, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Samir Abu-Rumeileh
- Department of Neurology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Ahmed Abdelhak
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, USA; Department of Neurology, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Michele Russo
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Division of Cardiology - S. Maria delle Croci Hospital, AUSL Romagna, Ravenna, Italy
| | - Lucio D'Anna
- Department of Stroke and Neuroscience, Charing Cross Hospital, Imperial College London, NHS Healthcare Trust, London, United Kingdom; Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Guarino
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Al-Kuraishy HM, Al-Gareeb AI, Naji MT. Statin therapy associated with decreased neuronal injury measured by serum S100β levels in patients with acute ischemic stroke. Int J Crit Illn Inj Sci 2021; 11:246-252. [PMID: 35070915 PMCID: PMC8725813 DOI: 10.4103/ijciis.ijciis_7_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Acute ischemic strokes (AIS) are a common cause of morbidity, mortality, and disability. The serum biomarker S100β correlates with poor neurological outcomes in the setting of AIS. This study describes the impact of statin treatment on S100β levels following AIS. Methods This was a prospective case-control study of AIS patients compared to healthy controls. Patients were stratified into three groups: (1) AIS patients on statin therapy, (2) AIS patients not on statin therapy, and (3) healthy controls. Demographics, clinical parameters, stroke risk scores (SRS), and S100β levels were recorded for all patients. Results Blood pressure, lipids, and SRS scores were higher in stroke versus control patients (all P < 0.05), and lower in Group I versus II (all P < 0.05). S100β levels were higher in stroke versus nonstroke patients (P = 0.001), and lower in Group I versus II (P = 0.001). Furthermore, patients on atorvastatin showed greater S100β reductions than those on rosuvastatin therapy (P = 0.01). Conclusion In acute stroke patients, statins therapy correlated with reductions in the neuronal injury biomarker S100β, with greater reductions observed for atorvastatin than rosuvastatin therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayder M Al-Kuraishy
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Medicine, College of Medicine Almustansiriya University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Ali I Al-Gareeb
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Medicine, College of Medicine Almustansiriya University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Marwa Thaier Naji
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Medicine, College of Medicine Almustansiriya University, Baghdad, Iraq
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Comparison of Dexmedetomidine and Etomidate on Intraoperative Wake-Up Equality, Hemodynamics, and Cerebral Protection in Operation of the Brain Functional Area. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:6363188. [PMID: 34484398 PMCID: PMC8416374 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6363188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, with the increasing incidence of brain functional area tumors, the clinical application of functional area tumor resection has become extremely urgent. Intraoperative wake-up is an important auxiliary method of this operation, which can effectively reduce the damage of the brain function area caused by the operation and anesthesia itself while playing the role of auxiliary function area and tumor positioning. However, the intraoperative wake-up requires a higher anesthesia effect, so higher requirements are put forward for the choice of anesthetic drugs. Based on hemodynamic and serum molecular observations, this study found that dexmedetomidine- and etomidate-assisted anesthesia were used for intraoperative wake-up in brain functional area surgery, both of which could maintain hemodynamic stability. In addition, the arousal effect and brain protection of dexmedetomidine were better than those of etomidate, and the incidence of adverse reactions was lower during the arousal period. This can provide relevant reference for clinical improvement of the anesthesia effect and surgical safety of intraoperative wake-up.
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Mastandrea P, Mengozzi S, Bernardini S. Systematic review and cumulative meta-analysis of the diagnostic accuracy of glial fibrillary acidic protein vs. S100 calcium binding protein B as blood biomarkers in observational studies of patients with mild or moderate acute traumatic brain injury. Diagnosis (Berl) 2021; 9:18-27. [PMID: 34214384 DOI: 10.1515/dx-2021-0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) and sports-related concussions (SRCs) are the leading causes of hospitalization and death in subjects <45 years old in the USA and Europe. Some biomarkers (BMs) have been used to reduce unnecessary cranial computed tomography (CCT). In recent years, the astroglial S100 calcium-binding B protein (S100B) has prevented approximately 30% of unnecessary CCTs. Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) has also been studied in direct comparison with S100B. The aim of our cumulative meta-analysis (cMA) is to compare - in the context of hospital emergency departments or SRC conditions - the differences in diagnostic accuracy (DA), sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp) of GFAP and S100B. The main cMA inclusion criterion was the assessment of both BMs in the included subjects since 2010, with blood samples drawn 1-30 h from the suspected TBI or SRC. The risk-of-bias (RoB) score was determined, and both the publication bias (with the Begg, Egger and Duval trim-and-fill tests) and sensitivity (with the box-and-whiskers plot) were analyzed for outliers. Seven studies with 899 subjects and nine observations (samples) were included. The diagnostic odds ratios (dORs) with their prediction intervals (PIs), Se and Sp (analyzed with a hierarchical model to respect the binomial data structure) were assessed, and a random-effects MA and a cMA of the difference in the BMs dOR natural logarithms (logOR(G-S)) between the BMs were performed. The cMA of dOR(G-S) was significant (5.78 (CI 2-16.6)) probably preventing approximately 50% of unnecessary CCTs. Further work is needed to standardize and harmonize GFAP laboratory methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Mastandrea
- Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Azienda Ospedaliera "s. G. Moscati", Avellino, Italy
| | | | - Sergio Bernardini
- Department Experimental Medicine, Tor Vergata University General Hospital, Rome, Italy
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Marcucci V, Kleiman J. Biomarkers and Their Implications in Alzheimer’s Disease: A Literature Review. EXPLORATORY RESEARCH AND HYPOTHESIS IN MEDICINE 2021; 000:000-000. [DOI: 10.14218/erhm.2021.00016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Zhang J, Krishnan A, Wu H, Venkataraman V. Calcium-Dependent Translocation of S100B Is Facilitated by Neurocalcin Delta. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26010227. [PMID: 33466232 PMCID: PMC7794955 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26010227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
S100B is a calcium-binding protein that governs calcium-mediated responses in a variety of cells—especially neuronal and glial cells. It is also extensively investigated as a potential biomarker for several disease conditions, especially neurodegenerative ones. In order to establish S100B as a viable pharmaceutical target, it is critical to understand its mechanistic role in signaling pathways and its interacting partners. In this report, we provide evidence to support a calcium-regulated interaction between S100B and the neuronal calcium sensor protein, neurocalcin delta both in vitro and in living cells. Membrane overlay assays were used to test the interaction between purified proteins in vitro and bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays, for interactions in living cells. Added calcium is essential for interaction in vitro; however, in living cells, calcium elevation causes translocation of the NCALD-S100B complex to the membrane-rich, perinuclear trans-Golgi network in COS7 cells, suggesting that the response is independent of specialized structures/molecules found in neuronal/glial cells. Similar results are also observed with hippocalcin, a closely related paralog; however, the interaction appears less robust in vitro. The N-terminal region of NCALD and HPCA appear to be critical for interaction with S100B based on in vitro experiments. The possible physiological significance of this interaction is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, School of Osteopathic Medicine, Rowan University, Stratford, NJ 08084, USA; (J.Z.); (A.K.); (H.W.)
| | - Anuradha Krishnan
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, School of Osteopathic Medicine, Rowan University, Stratford, NJ 08084, USA; (J.Z.); (A.K.); (H.W.)
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, School of Osteopathic Medicine, Rowan University, Stratford, NJ 08084, USA; (J.Z.); (A.K.); (H.W.)
| | - Venkat Venkataraman
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, School of Osteopathic Medicine, Rowan University, Stratford, NJ 08084, USA; (J.Z.); (A.K.); (H.W.)
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, NeuroMusculoskeletal Institute, School of Osteopathic Medicine, Rowan University, Stratford, NJ 08084, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-856-566-6418
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Gao P, Chen Q, Hu J, Lin Y, Lin J, Guo Q, Yue H, Zhou Y, Zeng L, Li J, Ding G, Guo G. Effect of ultra‑wide‑band electromagnetic pulses on blood‑brain barrier permeability in rats. Mol Med Rep 2020; 22:2775-2782. [PMID: 32945403 PMCID: PMC7453585 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The restrictive nature of the blood brain barrier (BBB) brings a particular challenge to the treatment of central nervous system (CNS) disorders. The effect of ultra-wide band electromagnetic pulses (UWB-EMPs) on BBB permeability was examined in the present study in order to develop a safe and effective technology that opens the BBB to improve treatment options for CNS diseases. Rats were exposed to a single UWB-EMP at various field strengths (50, 200 or 400 kV/m) and the BBB was examined using albumin immunohistochemistry and Evans blue staining at different time periods (0.5, 3, 6 and 24 h) after exposure. The expression and distribution of zonula occludens 1 (ZO-1) were evaluated using western blotting to identify a potential mechanism underlying BBB permeability. The results showed that the BBB permeability of rats exposed to UWB-EMP increased immediately following UWM-EMP treatment and peaked between 3 and 6 h after UWB-EMP exposure, returning to pre-exposure levels 24 h later. The data suggested that UWB-EMP at 200 and 400 kV/m could induce BBB opening, while 50 kV/m UWB-EMP could not. The levels of ZO-1 in the cerebral cortex were significantly decreased at 3 and 6 h after exposure; however, no change was observed in the distribution of ZO-1. The present study indicated that UWB-EMP-induced BBB opening was field strength-dependent and reversible. Decreased expression of ZO-1 may be involved in the effect of UWB-EMP on BBB permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Gao
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Faculty of Preventive Medicine, Airforce Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Qin Chen
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Faculty of Preventive Medicine, Airforce Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Junfeng Hu
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Faculty of Preventive Medicine, Airforce Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Yanyun Lin
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Faculty of Preventive Medicine, Airforce Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Jiajin Lin
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Faculty of Preventive Medicine, Airforce Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Qiyan Guo
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Faculty of Preventive Medicine, Airforce Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Hao Yue
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Faculty of Preventive Medicine, Airforce Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Faculty of Preventive Medicine, Airforce Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Lihua Zeng
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Faculty of Preventive Medicine, Airforce Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Faculty of Preventive Medicine, Airforce Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Guirong Ding
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Faculty of Preventive Medicine, Airforce Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Guozhen Guo
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Faculty of Preventive Medicine, Airforce Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
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Pisano A, Torella M, Yavorovskiy A, Landoni G. The Impact of Anesthetic Regimen on Outcomes in Adult Cardiac Surgery: A Narrative Review. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2020; 35:711-729. [PMID: 32434720 DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2020.03.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Despite improvements in surgical techniques and perioperative care, cardiac surgery still is burdened by relatively high mortality and frequent major postoperative complications, including myocardial dysfunction, pulmonary complications, neurologic injury, and acute kidney injury. Although the surgeon's skills and volume and patient- and procedure-related risk factors play a major role in the success of cardiac surgery, there is growing evidence that also optimizing perioperative care may improve outcomes significantly. The present review focuses on the aspects of perioperative care that are strictly related to the anesthesia regimen, with special reference to volatile anesthetics and neuraxial anesthesia, whose effect on outcome in adult cardiac surgery has been investigated extensively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Pisano
- Department of Critical Care, Cardiac Anesthesia and Intensive Care Unit, AORN Dei Colli, Monaldi Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Michele Torella
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," Naples, Italy
| | - Andrey Yavorovskiy
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Giovanni Landoni
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy; Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
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Specificity of gut microbiota in children with autism spectrum disorder in Slovakia and its correlation with astrocytes activity marker and specific behavioural patterns. Physiol Behav 2020; 214:112745. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2019.112745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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TOMOVA A, KEMÉNYOVÁ P, FILČÍKOVÁ D, SZAPUOVÁ Ž, KOVÁČ A, BABINSKÁ K, OSTATNÍKOVÁ D. Plasma Levels of Glial Cell Marker S100B in Children With Autism. Physiol Res 2019; 68:S315-S323. [DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.934350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition with increasing incidence. Recent evidences suggest glial cells involvement in autism pathophysiology. S100B is a calcium binding protein, mainly found in astrocytes and therefore used as a marker of their activity. In our study, children with autism had higher plasma concentrations of S100B compared to non-autistic controls. No association of S100B plasma levels with behavioral symptoms (ADI-R and ADOS-2 scales) was found. Plasma S100B concentration significantly correlated with urine serotonin, suggesting their interconnection. Correlation of plasma S100B levels with stool calprotectin concentrations was found, suggesting not only brain astrocytes, but also enteric glial cells may take part in autism pathogenesis. Based on our findings, S100B seems to have a potential to be used as a biomarker of human neurodevelopmental disorders, but more investigations are needed to clarify its exact role in pathomechanism of autism.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. TOMOVA
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - P. KEMÉNYOVÁ
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - D. FILČÍKOVÁ
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Ž. SZAPUOVÁ
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - A. KOVÁČ
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - K. BABINSKÁ
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - D. OSTATNÍKOVÁ
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
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