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Caponio VCA, Silva FFVE, Popolo F, Giugliano S, Spizzirri F, Lorenzo-Pouso AI, Padín-Iruegas ME, Zhurakivska K, Muzio LL, López-Pintor RM. State of art of micronuclei assay in exfoliative cytology as a clinical biomarker of genetic damage in oral carcinogenesis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. MUTATION RESEARCH. REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2024; 794:108508. [PMID: 38964629 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2024.108508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common oral malignancy, often preceded by oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs). Currently, no clinical biomarker exists to predict malignancy, necessitating OPMD follow-up. Habits and environmental factors, such as smoking, and alcohol consumption, influence OSCC onset. Increased micronuclei (MNs) formation has been observed in the development of OSCC. Non-invasive diagnostic tests like exfoliative cytology offer painless and regular monitoring options. This study evaluates the impact of tobacco, alcohol, and pesticide exposure on MNs occurrence in exfoliative cytology-collected oral mucosal cells, assessing their potential as non-invasive biomarker for OSCC development prediction and monitoring in high-risk patients. Despite results from this meta-analysis supporting the existence of a stepwise increase from controls to patients with OPMD to OSCC, the translation of these findings into clinical practice is limited due to intra- and inter-individual heterogeneity, as well as methodological variability in MNs quantification. Various factors contribute to this heterogeneity, including demographic variables, methodological variability of different laboratories, staining techniques, sample collection location, and patient characteristics. All these points were discussed to provide further insights and improve standardization for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vito Carlo Alberto Caponio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia 71122, Italy; ORALMED Research Group, Department of Dental Clinical Specialties, School of Dentistry, Complutense University, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Fábio França-Vieira E Silva
- Oral Medicine, Oral Surgery and Implantology Unit (MedOralRes), Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain; ORALRES Group, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (FIDIS), Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain.
| | - Francesco Popolo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia 71122, Italy
| | - Sara Giugliano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia 71122, Italy
| | - Francesca Spizzirri
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia 71122, Italy
| | - Alejandro I Lorenzo-Pouso
- Oral Medicine, Oral Surgery and Implantology Unit (MedOralRes), Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain
| | - María Elena Padín-Iruegas
- Human Anatomy and Embryology Area, Department of Functional Biology and Health Sciences, University of Vigo, Vigo 36310, Spain
| | - Khrystyna Zhurakivska
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia 71122, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Lo Muzio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia 71122, Italy
| | - Rosa María López-Pintor
- ORALMED Research Group, Department of Dental Clinical Specialties, School of Dentistry, Complutense University, Madrid 28040, Spain
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de Araújo AC, de Medeiros MCS, do Nascimento PKDSB, Cobucci RN, Bortolin RH, de Rezende AA. Effect of maternal diet on the frequency of micronuclei in pregnant women and newborns: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0300714. [PMID: 38527051 PMCID: PMC10962814 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effects of diet on maternal and child genetic levels have been previously reported. Diet-associated DNA damage, such as the presence of micronuclei (MN), may be related to an increased risk of developing chronic diseases, such as cancer. Such damage is particularly concerning during pregnancy as it can affect the newborn. AIM This review will aim to summarize the primary evidence of the impact of diet during pregnancy on micronucleus frequency in the maternal-newborn population. METHODS This protocol was developed based on the Preferred Reporting Items guidelines for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses Protocol. The review was registered with the International Register of Prospective Systematic Reviews on February 17, 2022 (registration number: CRD42022302401). We will use PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, Science direct, and Google databases to search for observational studies. This review will include studies that investigate the diet consumed by pregnant women and its effect on the frequency of MN in mothers and newborns without any time or language limitations. For data extraction, researchers will independently review the full text and collect information that characterizes the study and its findings. We will analyze the results by calculating the odds ratio for each type of diet evaluated, accompanied by a 95% confidence interval. We will perform a quantitative synthesis of homogeneous studies to perform a meta-analysis. Micronucleus frequency quantifies the effect and will be presented as the mean and standard deviation or median and interquartile range. EXPECTED RESULTS This review will aim to identify which dietary patterns during pregnancy may be associated with an increase in the frequency of MN in mothers and their newborns. Understanding the impact of diet on the frequency of MN is essential to deepen studies and to propose strategies that aim to protect the health of the public through food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anny Cristine de Araújo
- Nutrition Postgraduate Program, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | | | | | - Ricardo Ney Cobucci
- Sciences Applied to Women’s Health Postgraduate Program, Center for Health Sciences, Maternidade Escola Januário Cicco (MECJ/EBSERH), Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
- Biotechnology Graduate Program, Potiguar University, UnP, Natal, Brazil
| | - Raul Hernandes Bortolin
- Health Sciences Postgraduate Program, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
- Boston Children´s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Adriana Augusto de Rezende
- Nutrition Postgraduate Program, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, Brazil
- Health Sciences Postgraduate Program, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
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Raj SG, Rajitha V. Assessment of genotoxic instability markers in peripheral blood lymphocytes of breast cancer patients: a case control study. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024; 42:1559-1563. [PMID: 37222673 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2214226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Changes in genetic constitution of an individual leads to uncontrollable cell growth and tumour formation. The acquisition of genomic instability predisposes cells to accumulate stable genome mutations causing carcinogenesis. The cytokinesis-block micronucleus cytome assay (CBMN), a well-established marker assay for chromosomal mutagen sensitivity, was applied in this study enrolling breast cancer patients and age and sex-matched controls. This work aimed to assess the predictive value of the frequency of genotoxic markers in peripheral blood lymphocytes for the risk/susceptibility of breast cancer. Samples from a hundred untreated breast cancer patients and age and sex matched controls were enrolled in the study from Government Medical College, Alappuzha. The genomic instability was assessed using cytokinesis block micronucleus assay where cytome events were marked. The results showed a significant increase in the frequency of micronucleus, nucleoplasmic bridge, and buds in the binucleated cells of breast cancer patients compared to the control samples. The variability was assessed by CBMN Cyt assay. The frequency of Micronuclei and Nucleoplasmic buds was significantly higher in the patient groups than in the controls (p < 0.0001). In Breast cancer patients, the median (IQR) range of MNi was 12(6), the Nucleoplasmic bridge 3(3) and the Nuclear buds were 2(1) and, in the controls, it was 6(5), 1(2) and 1(1) respectively. A larger difference in the frequency of genetic markers in cancer patients over control cases support a significant role of these markers in the population screening of individuals at high risk of cancer.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smitha G Raj
- Department of Anatomy, GTDMC, Alappuzha, India
- Vinayaka Mission Kirupananda Variyar Medical College, Salem, India
| | - V Rajitha
- Department of Anatomy, Vinayaka Mission Kirupananda Variyar Medical College, Salem, India
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Sánchez-Alarcón J, Milić M, Bonassi S, Gómez-Arroyo S, Cortés-Eslava J, Flores-Márquez AR, Valencia-Sánchez RA, Valencia-Quintana R. Occupational exposure to pesticides: DNA damage in horticulturist from Nativitas, Tlaxcala in Mexico. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 100:104141. [PMID: 37146670 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2023.104141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Mexico is a country where agricultural activity is of great importance, but biomonitoring data are still scarce. With more intensive pesticides use per unit area/surface in horticultural productivity, there is a higher impact on environmental contamination and workers' health. Considering that exposure to various pesticide and pesticide mixtures represents an additional genotoxic risk, the appropriate characterization of exposure, confounding factors and the risk itself are very much needed. We compared genetic damage in 42 horticulturists and 46 unexposed controls (Nativitas, Tlaxcala) using alkaline comet (whole blood) and micronucleus (MN) test with nuclear abnormalities (NA) (buccal epithelial cells). Workers demonstrated significantly higher levels of damage (TI%=14.02 ± 2.49 vs. 5.37 ± 0.46; MN=10.14 ± 5.15 vs. 2.40 ± 0.20), with more than 90% of them not using protective clothing nor gloves during application. Combined DNA damage techniques and periodic monitoring together with educational programs for safe pesticide application is the best strategy to assess and prevent workers' health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juana Sánchez-Alarcón
- Laboratorio "Rafael Villalobos-Pietrini" de Toxicología Genómica y Química Ambiental, Facultad de Agrobiología, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, CA Genética y Ambiente UATLX-CA 223, Red Temática de Toxicología de Plaguicidas, Tlaxcala 90120, Mexico
| | - Mirta Milić
- Mutagenesis Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska Cesta 2, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Stefano Bonassi
- Department of Human Sciences and Quality of Life Promotion, San Raffaele University, 00166 Rome, Italy; Unit of Clinical and Molecular Epidemiology, IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, 00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Sandra Gómez-Arroyo
- Laboratorio de Genotoxicología y Mutagénesis Ambientales, Instituto de Ciencias de la Atmósfera y Cambio Climático, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, 04510 Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Josefina Cortés-Eslava
- Laboratorio de Genotoxicología y Mutagénesis Ambientales, Instituto de Ciencias de la Atmósfera y Cambio Climático, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, 04510 Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Ana Rosa Flores-Márquez
- Laboratorio de Genotoxicología y Mutagénesis Ambientales, Instituto de Ciencias de la Atmósfera y Cambio Climático, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, 04510 Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | | | - Rafael Valencia-Quintana
- Laboratorio "Rafael Villalobos-Pietrini" de Toxicología Genómica y Química Ambiental, Facultad de Agrobiología, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, CA Genética y Ambiente UATLX-CA 223, Red Temática de Toxicología de Plaguicidas, Tlaxcala 90120, Mexico.
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Silva MAP, Figueiredo DBS, Lara JR, Paschoalinotte EE, Braz LG, Braz MG. Evaluation of genetic instability, oxidative stress, and metabolism-related gene polymorphisms in workers exposed to waste anesthetic gases. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:9609-9623. [PMID: 36057057 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22765-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Professionals who work in operating rooms (ORs) may be exposed daily to waste anesthetic gases (WAGs) due to the use of inhalational anesthetics. Considering the controversial findings related to genetic damage and redox status in addition to a lack of knowledge about the effect of polymorphisms in genes related to phase I and II detoxification upon occupational exposure to WAGs, this cross-sectional study is the first to jointly evaluate biomarkers of genetic instability, oxidative stress, and susceptibility genes in professionals occupationally exposed to high trace amounts of halogenated (≥ 7 ppm) and nitrous oxide (165 ppm) anesthetics in ORs and in individuals not exposed to WAGs (control group). Elevated rates of buccal micronucleus (MN) and nuclear bud (NBUD) were observed in the exposure group and in professionals exposed aged more than 30 years. Exposed males showed a higher antioxidant capacity, as determined by the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), than exposed females; exposed females had higher frequencies of MN and NBUD than nonexposed females. Genetic instability (MN) was observed in professionals with greater weekly WAG exposure, and those exposed for longer durations (years) exhibited oxidative stress (increased lipid peroxidation and decreased FRAP). Polymorphisms in metabolic genes (cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) and glutathione S-transferases (GSTs)) did not exert an effect, except for the effects of the GSTP1 (rs1695) AG/GG polymorphism on FRAP (both groups) and GSTP1 AG/GG and GSTT1 null polymorphisms, which were associated with greater FRAP values in exposed males. Minimizing WAG exposure is necessary to reduce impacts on healthcare workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariane A P Silva
- Medical School - São Paulo State University (UNESP), Prof. Mario Rubens G. Montenegro Av. Botucatu, São Paulo, 18618-687, Brazil
| | - Drielle B S Figueiredo
- Medical School - São Paulo State University (UNESP), Prof. Mario Rubens G. Montenegro Av. Botucatu, São Paulo, 18618-687, Brazil
| | - Juliana R Lara
- Medical School - São Paulo State University (UNESP), Prof. Mario Rubens G. Montenegro Av. Botucatu, São Paulo, 18618-687, Brazil
| | - Eloisa E Paschoalinotte
- Medical School - São Paulo State University (UNESP), Prof. Mario Rubens G. Montenegro Av. Botucatu, São Paulo, 18618-687, Brazil
| | - Leandro G Braz
- Medical School - São Paulo State University (UNESP), Prof. Mario Rubens G. Montenegro Av. Botucatu, São Paulo, 18618-687, Brazil
| | - Mariana G Braz
- Medical School - São Paulo State University (UNESP), Prof. Mario Rubens G. Montenegro Av. Botucatu, São Paulo, 18618-687, Brazil.
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Cytogenetic Effects in Children Exposed to Air Pollutants: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19116736. [PMID: 35682315 PMCID: PMC9180689 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19116736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess the association between exposure to ambient air pollutants and micronuclei (MN) frequency in children. This work was performed according to the Cochrane Collaboration and the PRISMA guidelines and recommendations. Articles published before November 2021 were identified by an advanced search on PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus and Web of Science databases. A critical appraisal using a specific tool was conducted to assess the quality of each included study. All analyses were carried out by using the Review Manager (RevMan) 5.4 software (The Cochrane Collaboration, London, UK). One hundred and forty-five references were firstly identified, and, at the end of selection process, 13 studies met the inclusion criteria. Six studies carried out a direct evaluation through the use of air samplers, whereas the other ones accessed environmental databases (n = 2) or used other tools (n = 3). In two cases, exposure was not directly investigated, with children sampled in two different areas with well-known different levels of pollution. The overall effect size (ES) was 1.57 ((95% CI = 1.39; 1.78), p-value < 0.00001) (total evaluated subjects: 4162), which highlighted a statistically significant association between outdoor air pollution and MN frequency in children. As a high MN frequency has been associated with a number of pathological states and a higher risk of developing chronic degenerative diseases, our results should be taken into consideration by policy makers to design and implement interventions aimed at reducing the introduction of pollutants in the atmosphere as well as at minimizing the exposure extent, particularly in children.
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Lim HK, Hughes CO, Lim MJS, Li JJ, Rakshit M, Yeo C, Chng KR, Li A, Chan JSH, Ng KW, Leavesley DI, Smith BPC. Development of reconstructed intestinal micronucleus cytome (RICyt) assay in 3D human gut model for genotoxicity assessment of orally ingested substances. Arch Toxicol 2022; 96:1455-1471. [PMID: 35226136 PMCID: PMC9013689 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-022-03228-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The micronucleus (MN) assay is widely used as part of a battery of tests applied to evaluate the genotoxic potential of chemicals, including new food additives and novel food ingredients. Micronucleus assays typically utilise homogenous in vitro cell lines which poorly recapitulate the physiology, biochemistry and genomic events in the gut, the site of first contact for ingested materials. Here we have adapted and validated the MN endpoint assay protocol for use with complex 3D reconstructed intestinal microtissues; we have named this new protocol the reconstructed intestine micronucleus cytome (RICyt) assay. Our data suggest the commercial 3D microtissues replicate the physiological, biochemical and genomic responses of native human small intestine to exogenous compounds. Tissues were shown to maintain log-phase proliferation throughout the period of exposure and expressed low background MN. Analysis using the RICyt assay protocol revealed the presence of diverse cell types and nuclear anomalies (cytome) in addition to MN, indicating evidence for comprehensive DNA damage and mode(s) of cell death reported by the assay. The assay correctly identified and discriminated direct-acting clastogen, aneugen and clastogen requiring exogenous metabolic activation, and a non-genotoxic chemical. We are confident that the genotoxic response in the 3D microtissues more closely resembles the native tissues due to the inherent tissue architecture, surface area, barrier effects and tissue matrix interactions. This proof-of-concept study highlights the RICyt MN cytome assay in 3D reconstructed intestinal microtissues is a promising tool for applications in predictive toxicology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Kheng Lim
- Innovations in Food and Chemical Safety (IFCS) Programme, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore.
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore (SRIS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore.
- Future Ready Food Safety Hub (a Joint Initiative of A*STAR, SFA and NTU), Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Christopher Owen Hughes
- Innovations in Food and Chemical Safety (IFCS) Programme, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore (SRIS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Michelle Jing Sin Lim
- Innovations in Food and Chemical Safety (IFCS) Programme, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation (SIFBI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jia'En Jasmine Li
- National Centre for Food Science, Singapore Food Agency, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Moumita Rakshit
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Calvin Yeo
- National Centre for Food Science, Singapore Food Agency, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kern Rei Chng
- National Centre for Food Science, Singapore Food Agency, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Angela Li
- National Centre for Food Science, Singapore Food Agency, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Kee Woei Ng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Environmental Chemistry and Materials Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore
- Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Cambridge, USA
| | - David Ian Leavesley
- Innovations in Food and Chemical Safety (IFCS) Programme, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore (SRIS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Benjamin Paul Chapman Smith
- Innovations in Food and Chemical Safety (IFCS) Programme, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- Future Ready Food Safety Hub (a Joint Initiative of A*STAR, SFA and NTU), Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation (SIFBI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
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A Validation Study on Immunophenotypic Differences in T-lymphocyte Chromosomal Radiosensitivity between Newborns and Adults in South Africa. RADIATION 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/radiation2010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Children have an increased risk of developing radiation-induced secondary malignancies compared to adults, due to their high radiosensitivity and longer life expectancy. In contrast to the epidemiological evidence, there is only a handful of radiobiology studies which investigate the difference in radiosensitivity between children and adults at a cellular level. In this study, the previous results on the potential age dependency in chromosomal radiosensitivity were validated again by means of the cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) assay in T-lymphocytes isolated from the umbilical cord and adult peripheral blood of a South African population. The isolated cells were irradiated with 60Co γ-rays at doses ranging from 0.5 Gy to 4 Gy. Increased radiosensitivities of 34%, 42%, 29%, 26% and 16% were observed for newborns compared to adults at 0.5, 1, 2, 3 and 4 Gy, respectively. An immunophenotypic evaluation with flow cytometry revealed a significant change in the fraction of naïve (CD45RA+) T-lymphocytes in CD4+ and CD8+ T-lymphocytes with age. Newborns co-expressed an average of 91.05% CD45RA+ (range: 80.80–98.40%) of their CD4+ cells, while this fraction decreased to an average of 39.08% (range: 12.70–58.90%) for adults. Similar observations were made for CD8+ cells. This agrees with previous published results that the observed differences in chromosomal radiosensitivity between newborn and adult T-lymphocytes could potentially be linked to their immunophenotypic profiles.
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Sycheva LP, Kiselev SM, Shandala NK. Cytogenetic analysis (buccal micronucleus cytome assay) of radioactive waste management workers. MUTATION RESEARCH. GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2021; 870-871:503403. [PMID: 34583823 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2021.503403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The Russian Federation is implementing a program for dismantling nuclear-powered submarines and nuclear service vessels decommissioned from the Navy. Program personnel may be exposed to mutagenic and carcinogenic factors, including ionizing radiation. Improved preclinical health diagnostics are desirable, for timely identification of health effects, optimization of preventive measures, and medical interventions. We used an improved version of the buccal micronucleus cytome assay (BMCyt) to conduct cytogenetic status assessment of 59 employees of the Far Eastern Center for Radioactive Waste Management (DalRAO). We observed a statistically significant increase in the frequency of buccal epithelial cells with cytogenetic abnormalities (2.31‰ versus 1.15‰) and a small decrease in the apoptotic index (42 % versus 44 %) in the exposure group vs. controls. An accumulation index of cytogenetic disorders (the ratio of cells with nuclear abnormalities to cells in apoptosis) was determined and significant differences were found between the exposure and control groups. The proposed approach is simple, non-invasive, and highly informative for monitoring the health status of personnel exposed to complex factors in the working environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyudmila Petrovna Sycheva
- State Research Center - Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency, 123182 Zhivopisnaya str, 46, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Sergey Mikhailovich Kiselev
- State Research Center - Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency, 123182 Zhivopisnaya str, 46, Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalia Konstantinovna Shandala
- State Research Center - Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency, 123182 Zhivopisnaya str, 46, Moscow, Russia
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Valencia-Quintana R, López-Durán RM, Milić M, Bonassi S, Ochoa-Ocaña MA, Uriostegui-Acosta MO, Pérez-Flores GA, Gómez-Olivares JL, Sánchez-Alarcón J. Assessment of Cytogenetic Damage and Cholinesterases' Activity in Workers Occupationally Exposed to Pesticides in Zamora-Jacona, Michoacan, Mexico. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18126269. [PMID: 34200547 PMCID: PMC8296030 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18126269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Pesticides have been considered as potential chemical mutagens; however, little is known about toxic and genotoxic effects during pesticide application in Zamora-Jacona, Michoacan State in Mexico. This study sought to determine DNA damage and cholinesterase activities inhibitions in 54 agricultural workers exposed to complex mixtures of pesticides vs. control group (26 individuals) using Comet assay in peripheral whole blood, micronucleus (MN) test in oral mucosa cells, Cytokinesis-blocked MN assay in lymphocytes (L-CBMNcyt) and measuring AChE and BChE activities in whole blood and plasma samples, respectively. Exposed subjects demonstrated significantly elevated levels of primary (Comet assay: tail intensity, tail length, tail moment, Olive tail moment) and permanent DNA damage (MN assay: in blood/buccal cells; frequencies of nuclear buds, binucleated cells, cells with condensed chromatin, karyorrhexis, pyknosis, and karyolysis). However, inhibition of cholinesterase activities (AChE and BChE) was not observed in the workers. Confounding factors including sex, age, BMI, working exposure period, protection level, smoking habit (cigarettes per day units), alcohol consumption (weekly), medication, were considered in the analysis. These combined techniques demonstrated usefulness in the health hazards risks pesticide exposure assessment and suggested the need for periodic monitoring together with the education and the training of occupational workers for the safe application of potentially harmful pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Valencia-Quintana
- Laboratorio “Rafael Villalobos-Pietrini” de Toxicología Genómica y Química Ambiental, Facultad de Agrobiología, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, CA Genética y Ambiente UATLX-CA 223, Red Temática de Toxicología de Plaguicidas, Tlaxcala 90120, Mexico; (R.V.-Q.); (G.A.P.-F.)
| | - Rosa María López-Durán
- Laboratorio de Biomembranas, División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México 09340, Mexico;
- Correspondence: (R.M.L.-D.); (J.S.-A.)
| | - Mirta Milić
- Mutagenesis Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska Cesta 2, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Stefano Bonassi
- Department of Human Sciences and Quality of Life Promotion, San Rafaele University, 00166 Rome, Italy;
- Unit of Clinical and Molecular Epidemiology, IRCCS San Rafaele Pisana, 00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Ma. Antonieta Ochoa-Ocaña
- Unidad Académica de Estudios Regionales, Coordinación de Humanidades, UNAM, Jiquilpan 59510, Mexico;
| | | | - Guillermo Alejandro Pérez-Flores
- Laboratorio “Rafael Villalobos-Pietrini” de Toxicología Genómica y Química Ambiental, Facultad de Agrobiología, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, CA Genética y Ambiente UATLX-CA 223, Red Temática de Toxicología de Plaguicidas, Tlaxcala 90120, Mexico; (R.V.-Q.); (G.A.P.-F.)
| | - José Luis Gómez-Olivares
- Laboratorio de Biomembranas, División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México 09340, Mexico;
| | - Juana Sánchez-Alarcón
- Laboratorio “Rafael Villalobos-Pietrini” de Toxicología Genómica y Química Ambiental, Facultad de Agrobiología, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, CA Genética y Ambiente UATLX-CA 223, Red Temática de Toxicología de Plaguicidas, Tlaxcala 90120, Mexico; (R.V.-Q.); (G.A.P.-F.)
- Correspondence: (R.M.L.-D.); (J.S.-A.)
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Micronucleus Assay: The State of Art, and Future Directions. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21041534. [PMID: 32102335 PMCID: PMC7073234 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
During almost 40 years of use, the micronucleus assay (MN) has become one of the most popular methods to assess genotoxicity of different chemical and physical factors, including ionizing radiation-induced DNA damage. In this minireview, we focus on the position of MN among the other genotoxicity tests, its usefulness in different applications and visibility by international organizations, such as International Atomic Energy Agency, Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development and International Organization for Standardization. In addition, the mechanism of micronuclei formation is discussed. Finally, foreseen directions of the MN development are pointed, such as automation, buccal cells MN and chromothripsis phenomenon.
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Micronuclei and disease - Report of HUMN project workshop at Rennes 2019 EEMGS conference. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2020; 850-851:503133. [PMID: 32247551 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2020.503133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The "Micronuclei and Disease" workshop was organized by the HUMN Project consortium and hosted by the European Environmental Mutagen and Genomics Society at their annual meeting in Rennes, France, on 23 May 2019. The program of the workshop focused on addressing the emerging evidence linking micronucleus (MN) frequency to human disease. The first objective was to review what has been published and evaluate the level and quality of evidence for the connection between MN frequency and various diseases through all life stages. The second objective was to identify the knowledge gaps and what else needs to be done to determine the clinical utility of MN assays as predictors of disease risk and of prognosis when disease is active. Speakers at the workshop discussed the association of MN frequency with inflammation, infertility, pregnancy complications, obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, kidney disease, cervical and bladder cancer, oral head and neck cancer, lung cancer, accelerated ageing syndromes, neurodegenerative diseases, and a road-map on how to utilise this knowledge was proposed. The outcomes of the workshop indicated that there are significant opportunities for translating the application of MN assays into clinical practice to improve disease prevention and risk management and to inform public health policy.
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