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Aspect Ratio of PEGylated Upconversion Nanocrystals Affects the Cellular Uptake In Vitro and In Vivo. Acta Biomater 2022; 147:403-413. [PMID: 35605956 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The central nervous system (CNS) is protected by the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which acts as a physical barrier to regulate and prevent the uptake of endogenous metabolites and xenobiotics. However, the BBB prevents most non-lipophilic drugs from reaching the CNS following systematic administration. Therefore, there is considerable interest in identifying drug carriers that can maintain the biostability of therapeutic molecules and target their transport across the BBB. In this regard, upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) have become popular as a nanoparticle-based solution to this problem, with the additional benefit that they display unique properties for in vivo visualization. The majority of studies to date have explored basic spherical UCNPs for drug delivery applications. However, the biophysical properties of UCNPs, cell uptake and BBB transport have not been thoroughly investigated. In this study, we described a one-pot seed-mediated approach to precisely control longitudinal growth to produce bright UCNPs with various aspect ratios. We have systematically evaluated the effects of the physical aspect ratios and PEGylation of UCNPs on cellular uptake in different cell lines and an in vivo zebrafish model. We found that PEGylated the original UCNPs can enhance their biostability and cell uptake capacity. We identify an optimal aspect ratio for UCNP uptake into several different types of cultured cells, finding that this is generally in the ratio of 2 (length/width). This data provides a crucial clue for further optimizing UCNPs as a drug carrier to deliver therapeutic agents into the CNS. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The central nervous system (CNS) is protected by the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which acts as a highly selective semipermeable barrier of endothelial cells to regulate and prevent the uptake of toxins and pathogens. However, the BBB prevents most non-lipophilic drugs from reaching the CNS following systematic administration. The proposed research is significant because identifying the aspect ratio of drug carriers that maintains the biostability of therapeutic molecules and targets their transport across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is crucial for designing an efficient drug delivery system. Therefore, this research provides a vital clue for further optimizing UCNPs as drug carriers to deliver therapeutic molecules into the brain.
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Wang S, Zheng J, Ma L, Petersen RB, Xu L, Huang K. Inhibiting protein aggregation with nanomaterials: The underlying mechanisms and impact factors. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2021; 1866:130061. [PMID: 34822925 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2021.130061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Protein aggregation is correlated with the onset and progression of protein misfolding diseases (PMDs). Inhibiting the generation of toxic aggregates of misfolded proteins has been proposed as a therapeutic approach for PMDs. Due to their unique properties, nanomaterials have been extensively investigated for their ability to inhibit protein aggregation and have shown great potential in the diagnosis and treatment of PMDs. However, the precise mechanisms by which nanomaterials interact with amyloidogenic proteins and the factors influencing these interactions remain poorly understood. Consequently, developing a rational design strategy for nanomaterials that target specific proteins in PMDs has been challenging. In this review, we elucidate the effects of nanomaterials on protein aggregation and describe the mechanisms through which nanomaterials interfere with protein aggregation. The major factors impacting protein-nanomaterial interaction such as size, charge, concentration, surface modification and morphology that can be rationally addressed to achieve the desired effects of nanomaterials on protein aggregation are summarized. The prospects and challenges to the clinical application of nanomaterials for the treatment of PMDs are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilin Wang
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Jiaojiao Zheng
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Liang Ma
- Affiliated Wuhan Mental Health Center, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Robert B Petersen
- Foundational Sciences, Central Michigan University College of Medicine, Mount Pleasant, MI 48859, USA
| | - Li Xu
- Affiliated Wuhan Mental Health Center, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Kun Huang
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
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Saleem S, Kannan RR. Zebrafish: A Promising Real-Time Model System for Nanotechnology-Mediated Neurospecific Drug Delivery. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2021; 16:135. [PMID: 34424426 PMCID: PMC8382796 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-021-03592-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Delivering drugs to the brain has always remained a challenge for the research community and physicians. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) acts as a major hurdle for delivering drugs to specific parts of the brain and the central nervous system. It is physiologically comprised of complex network of capillaries to protect the brain from any invasive agents or foreign particles. Therefore, there is an absolute need for understanding of the BBB for successful therapeutic interventions. Recent research indicates the strong emergence of zebrafish as a model for assessing the permeability of the BBB, which is highly conserved in its structure and function between the zebrafish and mammals. The zebrafish model system offers a plethora of advantages including easy maintenance, high fecundity and transparency of embryos and larvae. Therefore, it has the potential to be developed as a model for analysing and elucidating the permeability of BBB to novel permeation technologies with neurospecificity. Nanotechnology has now become a focus area within the industrial and research community for delivering drugs to the brain. Nanoparticles are being developed with increased efficiency and accuracy for overcoming the BBB and delivering neurospecific drugs to the brain. The zebrafish stands as an excellent model system to assess nanoparticle biocompatibility and toxicity. Hence, the zebrafish model is indispensable for the discovery or development of novel technologies for neurospecific drug delivery and potential therapies for brain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suraiya Saleem
- Neuroscience Lab, Centre for Molecular and Nanomedical Sciences, Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, School of Bio and Chemical Engineering, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology (Deemed to be University), Jeppiaar Nagar, Rajiv Gandhi Salai, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600119, India
| | - Rajaretinam Rajesh Kannan
- Neuroscience Lab, Centre for Molecular and Nanomedical Sciences, Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, School of Bio and Chemical Engineering, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology (Deemed to be University), Jeppiaar Nagar, Rajiv Gandhi Salai, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600119, India.
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Rapp TL, DeForest CA. Targeting drug delivery with light: A highly focused approach. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 171:94-107. [PMID: 33486009 PMCID: PMC8127392 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Light is a uniquely powerful tool for controlling molecular events in biology. No other external input (e.g., heat, ultrasound, magnetic field) can be so tightly focused or so highly regulated as a clinical laser. Drug delivery vehicles that can be photonically activated have been developed across many platforms, from the simplest "caging" of therapeutics in a prodrug form, to more complex micelles and circulating liposomes that improve drug uptake and efficacy, to large-scale hydrogel platforms that can be used to protect and deliver macromolecular agents including full-length proteins. In this Review, we discuss recent innovations in photosensitive drug delivery and highlight future opportunities to engineer and exploit such light-responsive technologies in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa L Rapp
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Cole A DeForest
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA; Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA; Institute of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Molecular Engineering & Sciences Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA.
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5
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Eilenberger C, Selinger F, Rothbauer M, Lin Y, Limbeck A, Schädl B, Grillari J, Kavok NS, Klochkov VK, Malyukin YV, Margitich V, Ertl P. Cytotoxicity, Retention, and Anti-inflammatory Effects of a CeO 2 Nanoparticle-Based Supramolecular Complex in a 3D Liver Cell Culture Model. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2020; 4:101-106. [PMID: 33615164 PMCID: PMC7887746 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.0c00170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Both cerium oxide (CeOx) nanoparticles
and mefenamic acid (MFA)
are known anti-inflammatory agents with hepatoprotective properties
and are therefore prescribed for one of the major diseases in the
world, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). To study the potential
cytotoxicity and anti-inflammatory effects as well as drug retention
of a potential therapeutic CeOx/MFA supramolecular complex, a well-standardized
hepatic (HepG2) spheroid model was used. Results showed that the highest
cytotoxicity for the CeOx/MFA supramolecular complex was found at
50 μg/mL, while effective doses of 0.1 and 1 μg/mL yielded
a significant decrease of TNF-α and IL-8 secretion. Time-resolved
analysis of HepG2 spheroids revealed a spatiotemporal distribution
of the supramolecular complex and limited clearance from the internal
microtissue over a period of 8 days in cultivation. In summary, our
results point at rapid uptake, distribution, and biostability of the
supramolecular complex within the HepG2 liver spheroid model as well
as a significant anti-inflammatory response at noncytotoxic levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Eilenberger
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics and Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria.,SAICO Biosystems KG, Gumpendorferstraße 5/8, 1060 Vienna, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Donaueschingenstraße 13, 1200 Vienna, Austria
| | - Florian Selinger
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics and Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria.,SAICO Biosystems KG, Gumpendorferstraße 5/8, 1060 Vienna, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Donaueschingenstraße 13, 1200 Vienna, Austria
| | - Mario Rothbauer
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics and Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria.,SAICO Biosystems KG, Gumpendorferstraße 5/8, 1060 Vienna, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Donaueschingenstraße 13, 1200 Vienna, Austria.,Medical University of Vienna, Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopaedic Biology, Währingergürtel 18-19, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Yiji Lin
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics and Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Limbeck
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics and Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara Schädl
- Ludwig-Boltzmann-Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, Donaueschingenstraße 13, 1200 Vienna, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Donaueschingenstraße 13, 1200 Vienna, Austria
| | - Johannes Grillari
- Ludwig-Boltzmann-Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, Donaueschingenstraße 13, 1200 Vienna, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Donaueschingenstraße 13, 1200 Vienna, Austria.,University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Dept. of Biotechnology, Institute for Molecular Biotechnology, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Nataliya S Kavok
- Institute for Scintillation Materials, STC "Institute for Single Crystals", 60 Science Avenue, 61001 Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Vladimir K Klochkov
- Institute for Scintillation Materials, STC "Institute for Single Crystals", 60 Science Avenue, 61001 Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Yuri V Malyukin
- Institute for Scintillation Materials, STC "Institute for Single Crystals", 60 Science Avenue, 61001 Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | | | - Peter Ertl
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics and Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria.,SAICO Biosystems KG, Gumpendorferstraße 5/8, 1060 Vienna, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Donaueschingenstraße 13, 1200 Vienna, Austria
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