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Gampa M, Nagar S, Kumari K, Tanwar E, Goyal S, Kumar V, Singh B. Cyclic extraction of phosphate from soybean meal using immobilized Aspergillus oryzae SBS50 phytase. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2024; 47:39-55. [PMID: 37962643 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-023-02943-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Phytase enzyme found in plants, animals, and microorganisms is mainly involved in catalyzing the systematic removal of a phosphate group from phytic acid. Enzyme immobilization is one of the cost-effective methods for the wide usage of enzymes in the industrial sector. This paper reports the covalent immobilization of phytase on glutaraldehyde-activated aluminum oxide beads. The immobilization yield, efficiency, and activation energy were found to be 47.8%, 71.5%, and 15.78 J/mol, respectively. The bound enzyme displayed a shift in pH optima from 5.5 to 4.5, which is more beneficial to increase digestibility in comparison with the free enzyme. Immobilized phytase retained 42.60% of its activity after 1.0 h incubation at 80 °C, whereas free enzyme retained only 4.20% of its activity. Thermodynami increase in half-lives, D-values, enthalpy and free energy change after covalent immobilization could be credited to the enhanced stability. Immobilized phytase could be reused for five consecutive cycles retaining 51% of its initial activity with sodium phytate. The immobilized phytase was also found effective to hydrolyze the soybean meal, thus increasing the digestibility of poultry feed. The hydrolyzing reaction of soybean meal was carried out for six consecutive cycles and immobilized phytase retained nearly 50% of activity till the fifth cycle. The amount of phosphorus released after treatment with immobilized phytase was far higher than that from free phytase. Immobilization on this support is significant, as this support can sustain high mechanical resistance at high pH and temperature. This considerable stability and reusability of the bound enzyme may be advantageous for its industrial application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mallesh Gampa
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana, 125004, India
| | - Sushil Nagar
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana, 125004, India.
| | - Kajal Kumari
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana, 125004, India
| | - Ekta Tanwar
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana, 125004, India
| | - Sakshi Goyal
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana, 125004, India
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana, 125004, India
| | - Bijender Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Interdisciplinary and Applied Sciences, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, Haryana, 123031, India
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Biodiesel production from microalgae using lipase-based catalysts: Current challenges and prospects. ALGAL RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2021.102616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Razzaghi M, Homaei A, Vianello F, Azad T, Sharma T, Nadda AK, Stevanato R, Bilal M, Iqbal HMN. Industrial applications of immobilized nano-biocatalysts. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2022; 45:237-256. [PMID: 34596787 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-021-02647-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Immobilized enzyme-based catalytic constructs could greatly improve various industrial processes due to their extraordinary catalytic activity and reaction specificity. In recent decades, nano-enzymes, defined as enzyme immobilized on nanomaterials, gained popularity for the enzymes' improved stability, reusability, and ease of separation from the biocatalytic process. Thus, enzymes can be strategically incorporated into nanostructured materials to engineer nano-enzymes, such as nanoporous particles, nanofibers, nanoflowers, nanogels, nanomembranes, metal-organic frameworks, multi-walled or single-walled carbon nanotubes, and nanoparticles with tuned shape and size. Surface-area-to-volume ratio, pore-volume, chemical compositions, electrical charge or conductivity of nanomaterials, protein charge, hydrophobicity, and amino acid composition on protein surface play fundamental roles in the nano-enzyme preparation and catalytic properties. With proper understanding, the optimization of the above-mentioned factors will lead to favorable micro-environments for biocatalysts of industrial relevance. Thus, the application of nano-enzymes promise to further strengthen the advances in catalysis, biotransformation, biosensing, and biomarker discovery. Herein, this review article spotlights recent progress in nano-enzyme development and their possible implementation in different areas, including biomedicine, biosensors, bioremediation of industrial pollutants, biofuel production, textile, leather, detergent, food industries and antifouling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mozhgan Razzaghi
- Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, University of Hormozgan, P.O. Box 3995, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Ahmad Homaei
- Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, University of Hormozgan, P.O. Box 3995, Bandar Abbas, Iran.
| | - Fabio Vianello
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - Taha Azad
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Tanvi Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Solan, Waknaghat, India
| | - Ashok Kumar Nadda
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Solan, Waknaghat, India
| | - Roberto Stevanato
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, University Ca' Foscari of Venice, Venice, Italy
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, 223003, China
| | - Hafiz M N Iqbal
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, 64849, Monterrey, Mexico
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de Souza Lima J, Boemo APSI, de Araújo PHH, de Oliveira D. Immobilization of endoglucanase on kaolin by adsorption and covalent bonding. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2021; 44:1627-1637. [PMID: 33686500 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-021-02545-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In the current research, endoglucanase, one of the enzymes of the cellulolytic complex, was immobilized on kaolin by two different techniques, adsorption, and covalent bonding. A comparative study was conducted between free, adsorbed, and covalently immobilized endoglucanase. For the covalent bonding, the kaolin particles were functionalized with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) and activated with glutaraldehyde. Immobilization by adsorption was performed using the kaolin without any treatment. Recovered activities after the endoglucanase immobilization by adsorption and covalent bonding were found to be 60 ± 2.5 and 65 ± 3.5%, respectively. The studies of optima pH and temperature, as well as thermal stability, showed that the catalytic characteristic of the enzyme was maintained after the immobilization by both adsorption and covalent bonding. Even after 8 cycles of use, the endoglucanase immobilized by the two techniques retained about 86% of its initial activity. The results showed that the adsorption was as effective as covalent bonding for the immobilization of endoglucanase on kaolin. However, the adsorption technique seems to have a greater potential for use in future studies, as it is simpler, cheaper, and faster than covalent immobilization. Therefore, in this work it was demonstrated that endoglucanases can be immobilized efficiently on kaolin through a very simple immobilization protocol, offering a promising strategy for performing repeated enzymatic hydrolysis reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janaina de Souza Lima
- Department of Chemical and Food Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Serafini Immich Boemo
- Department of Chemical and Food Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Pedro Henrique Hermes de Araújo
- Department of Chemical and Food Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Débora de Oliveira
- Department of Chemical and Food Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil.
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Bhavaniramya S, Vanajothi R, Vishnupriya S, Premkumar K, Al-Aboody MS, Vijayakumar R, Baskaran D. Enzyme Immobilization on Nanomaterials for Biosensor and Biocatalyst in Food and Biomedical Industry. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 25:2661-2676. [PMID: 31309885 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190712181403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Enzymes exhibit a great catalytic activity for several physiological processes. Utilization of immobilized enzymes has a great potential in several food industries due to their excellent functional properties, simple processing and cost effectiveness during the past decades. Though they have several applications, they still exhibit some challenges. To overcome the challenges, nanoparticles with their unique physicochemical properties act as very attractive carriers for enzyme immobilization. The enzyme immobilization method is not only widely used in the food industry but is also a component methodology in the pharmaceutical industry. Compared to the free enzymes, immobilized forms are more robust and resistant to environmental changes. In this method, the mobility of enzymes is artificially restricted to changing their structure and properties. Due to their sensitive nature, the classical immobilization methods are still limited as a result of the reduction of enzyme activity. In order to improve the enzyme activity and their properties, nanomaterials are used as a carrier for enzyme immobilization. Recently, much attention has been directed towards the research on the potentiality of the immobilized enzymes in the food industry. Hence, the present review emphasizes the different types of immobilization methods that is presently used in the food industry and other applications. Various types of nanomaterials such as nanofibers, nanoflowers and magnetic nanoparticles are significantly used as a support material in the immobilization methods. However, several numbers of immobilized enzymes are used in the food industries to improve the processing methods which not only reduce the production cost but also the effluents from the industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sundaresan Bhavaniramya
- College of Food and Dairy Technology, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University, Chennai-600052, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ramar Vanajothi
- Department of Biomedical Science, Bharathidasan University, Trichy-620024, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Selvaraju Vishnupriya
- College of Food and Dairy Technology, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University, Chennai-600052, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kumpati Premkumar
- Department of Biomedical Science, Bharathidasan University, Trichy-620024, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mohammad S Al-Aboody
- Department of Biology, College of Science in Zulfi, Majmaah University, Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rajendran Vijayakumar
- Department of Biology, College of Science in Zulfi, Majmaah University, Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dharmar Baskaran
- College of Food and Dairy Technology, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University, Chennai-600052, Tamil Nadu, India
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Yushkova ED, Nazarova EA, Matyuhina AV, Noskova AO, Shavronskaya DO, Vinogradov VV, Skvortsova NN, Krivoshapkina EF. Application of Immobilized Enzymes in Food Industry. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:11553-11567. [PMID: 31553885 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b04385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Enzymes are macromolecular biocatalysts, widely used in food industry. In applications, enzymes are often immobilized on inert and insoluble carriers, which increase their efficiency due to multiple reusability. The properties of immobilized enzymes depend on the immobilization method and the carrier type. The choice of the carrier usually concerns the biocompatibility, chemical and thermal stability, insolubility under reaction conditions, capability of easy regeneration and reusability, as well as cost efficiency. In this review, we provide an overview of various carriers for enzyme immobilization, with the primary focus on food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina D Yushkova
- ITMO University , Lomonosova Street 9 , 191002 St. Petersburg , Russian Federation
| | - Elena A Nazarova
- ITMO University , Lomonosova Street 9 , 191002 St. Petersburg , Russian Federation
| | - Anna V Matyuhina
- ITMO University , Lomonosova Street 9 , 191002 St. Petersburg , Russian Federation
| | - Alina O Noskova
- ITMO University , Lomonosova Street 9 , 191002 St. Petersburg , Russian Federation
| | - Darya O Shavronskaya
- ITMO University , Lomonosova Street 9 , 191002 St. Petersburg , Russian Federation
| | | | - Natalia N Skvortsova
- ITMO University , Lomonosova Street 9 , 191002 St. Petersburg , Russian Federation
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Thangaraj B, Solomon PR. Immobilization of Lipases – A Review. Part I: Enzyme Immobilization. CHEMBIOENG REVIEWS 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cben.201900016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Baskar Thangaraj
- Jiangsu UniversitySchool of Food and Biological Engineering 301 Xuefu road 212013 Zhenjiang Jiangsu Province China
| | - Pravin Raj Solomon
- SASTRA Deemed UniversitySchool of Chemical & Biotechnology, Tirumalaisamudram 613401 Thanjavur Tamil Nadu India
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Adetunji AI, Olaniran AO. Immobilization and characterization of lipase from an indigenous Bacillus aryabhattai SE3-PB isolated from lipid-rich wastewater. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2018; 48:898-905. [PMID: 30265208 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2018.1514517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular lipase from an indigenous Bacillus aryabhattai SE3-PB was immobilized in alginate beads by entrapment method. After optimization of immobilization conditions, maximum immobilization efficiencies of 77% ± 1.53% and 75.99% ± 3.49% were recorded at optimum concentrations of 2% (w/v) sodium alginate and 0.2 M calcium chloride, respectively, for the entrapped enzyme. Biochemical properties of both free and immobilized lipase revealed no change in the optimum temperature and pH of both enzyme preparations, with maximum activity attained at 60 °C and 9.5, respectively. In comparison to free lipase, the immobilized enzyme exhibited improved stability over the studied pH range (8.5-9.5) and temperature (55-65 °C) when incubated for 3 h. Furthermore, the immobilized lipase showed enhanced enzyme-substrate affinity and higher catalytic efficiency when compared to soluble enzyme. The entrapped enzyme was also found to be more stable, retaining 61.51% and 49.44% of its original activity after being stored for 30 days at 4 °C and 25 °C, respectively. In addition, the insolubilized enzyme exhibited good reusability with 18.46% relative activity after being repeatedly used for six times. These findings suggest the efficient and sustainable use of the developed immobilized lipase for various biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adegoke Isiaka Adetunji
- a Discipline of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science , University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville Campus) , Durban , Republic of South Africa
| | - Ademola Olufolahan Olaniran
- a Discipline of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science , University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville Campus) , Durban , Republic of South Africa
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9
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Gahlaut A, Hooda V, Gothwal A, Hooda V. Enzyme-Based Ultrasensitive Electrochemical Biosensors for Rapid Assessment of Nitrite Toxicity: Recent Advances and Perspectives. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2018; 49:32-43. [PMID: 29757672 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2018.1461551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
In the present era of rapid international globalization and industrialization, intensive use of nitrite as a fertilizing agent in agriculture, preservative, dyeing agent, food additive and as corrosion inhibitor in industrial sectors is adversely effecting environment, natural habitats and human health. The issue of toxicity and carcinogenicity due to excessive ingestion of nitrites via the dietary intake has led to an imminent need for its efficient real-time monitoring in situ. Nitrite detection employing electrochemical biosensors has been gaining high credibility in the field of clinical research. Nitrite biosensors have emerged as an outstanding choice for portable point of care testing of nitrite quantification owing to the excellent properties, such as rapidity, miniaturization, ultra-low limits of detection, multiplexing and enhanced detection sensitivity. The article is enclosed with an interesting outlook on latest emerging trends in the development of nitrite biosensors utilizing nanomaterials, such as metal nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes, metal oxide nanoparticles, nanocomposites, polymers and biomaterials. The present review embarks on the highlights relevant to the nitrite quantification in real samples, then proceeds with a meticulous description of the most pertinent electrochemical nitrite biosensors, which have been proposed by adopting diverse materials and strategies of fabrication and finally end with the achievements and future outlook signifying the application of these nanoengineered biosensors for environmental surveillance and human safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjum Gahlaut
- a Centre for Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University , Rohtak , Haryana , India
| | - Vinita Hooda
- a Centre for Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University , Rohtak , Haryana , India
| | - Ashish Gothwal
- a Centre for Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University , Rohtak , Haryana , India
| | - Vikas Hooda
- a Centre for Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University , Rohtak , Haryana , India
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Recent Advances in Electrochemical Biosensors Based on Fullerene-C60 Nano-Structured Platforms. BIOSENSORS-BASEL 2015; 5:712-35. [PMID: 26610583 PMCID: PMC4697141 DOI: 10.3390/bios5040712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Revised: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Nanotechnology is becoming increasingly important in the field of (bio)sensors. The performance and sensitivity of biosensors is greatly improved with the integration of nanomaterials into their construction. Since its first discovery, fullerene-C60 has been the object of extensive research. Its unique and favorable characteristics of easy chemical modification, conductivity, and electrochemical properties has led to its tremendous use in (bio)sensor applications. This paper provides a concise review of advances in fullerene-C60 research and its use as a nanomaterial for the development of biosensors. We examine the research work reported in the literature on the synthesis, functionalization, approaches to nanostructuring electrodes with fullerene, and outline some of the exciting applications in the field of (bio)sensing.
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Mohamad NR, Marzuki NHC, Buang NA, Huyop F, Wahab RA. An overview of technologies for immobilization of enzymes and surface analysis techniques for immobilized enzymes. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2015; 29:205-220. [PMID: 26019635 PMCID: PMC4434042 DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2015.1008192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 717] [Impact Index Per Article: 79.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The current demands of sustainable green methodologies have increased the use of enzymatic technology in industrial processes. Employment of enzyme as biocatalysts offers the benefits of mild reaction conditions, biodegradability and catalytic efficiency. The harsh conditions of industrial processes, however, increase propensity of enzyme destabilization, shortening their industrial lifespan. Consequently, the technology of enzyme immobilization provides an effective means to circumvent these concerns by enhancing enzyme catalytic properties and also simplify downstream processing and improve operational stability. There are several techniques used to immobilize the enzymes onto supports which range from reversible physical adsorption and ionic linkages, to the irreversible stable covalent bonds. Such techniques produce immobilized enzymes of varying stability due to changes in the surface microenvironment and degree of multipoint attachment. Hence, it is mandatory to obtain information about the structure of the enzyme protein following interaction with the support surface as well as interactions of the enzymes with other proteins. Characterization technologies at the nanoscale level to study enzymes immobilized on surfaces are crucial to obtain valuable qualitative and quantitative information, including morphological visualization of the immobilized enzymes. These technologies are pertinent to assess efficacy of an immobilization technique and development of future enzyme immobilization strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Royhaila Mohamad
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai81310, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Nur Haziqah Che Marzuki
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai81310, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Nor Aziah Buang
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai81310, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Fahrul Huyop
- Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, Faculty of Bioscience and Medical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai81310, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Roswanira Abdul Wahab
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai81310, Johor, Malaysia
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Poppe JK, Fernandez-Lafuente R, Rodrigues RC, Ayub MAZ. Enzymatic reactors for biodiesel synthesis: Present status and future prospects. Biotechnol Adv 2015; 33:511-25. [PMID: 25687275 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2015.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Revised: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Lipases are being extensively researched for the production of biodiesel as a "silver bullet" in order to avoid the drawbacks of the traditional alkaline transesterification. In this review, we analyzed the main factors involved in the enzymatic synthesis of biodiesel, focusing in the choice of the immobilization protocol, and the parameters involved in the choice and configuration of the reactors. An extensive discussion is presented about the advantages and disadvantages of each type of reactor and their mode of operation. The current scenario of the market for enzymatic biodiesel and some future prospects and necessary developments are also briefly presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakeline Kathiele Poppe
- Biotechnology, Bioprocess, and Biocatalysis Group, Food Science and Technology Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, PO Box 15090, ZC 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Rafael C Rodrigues
- Biotechnology, Bioprocess, and Biocatalysis Group, Food Science and Technology Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, PO Box 15090, ZC 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Marco Antônio Záchia Ayub
- Biotechnology, Bioprocess, and Biocatalysis Group, Food Science and Technology Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, PO Box 15090, ZC 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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13
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Enzymatic synthesis of ampicillin: nonlinear modeling, kinetics estimation, and adaptive control. J Biomed Biotechnol 2012; 2012:512691. [PMID: 22523470 PMCID: PMC3306788 DOI: 10.1155/2012/512691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2011] [Accepted: 12/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, the use of advanced control strategies in biotechnology is quite low. A main reason is the lack of quality of the data, and the fact that more sophisticated control strategies must be based on a model of the dynamics of bioprocesses. The nonlinearity of the bioprocesses and the absence of cheap and reliable instrumentation require an enhanced modeling effort and identification strategies for the kinetics. The present work approaches modeling and control strategies for the enzymatic synthesis of ampicillin that is carried out inside a fed-batch bioreactor. First, a nonlinear dynamical model of this bioprocess is obtained by using a novel modeling procedure for biotechnology: the bond graph methodology. Second, a high gain observer is designed for the estimation of the imprecisely known kinetics of the synthesis process. Third, by combining an exact linearizing control law with the on-line estimation kinetics algorithm, a nonlinear adaptive control law is designed. The case study discussed shows that a nonlinear feedback control strategy applied to the ampicillin synthesis bioprocess can cope with disturbances, noisy measurements, and parametric uncertainties. Numerical simulations performed with MATLAB environment are included in order to test the behavior and the performances of the proposed estimation and control strategies.
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Hughes SR, Moser BR, Harmsen AJ, Bischoff KM, Jones MA, Pinkelman R, Bang SS, Tasaki K, Doll KM, Qureshi N, Saha BC, Liu S, Jackson JS, Robinson S, Cotta MC, Rich JO, Caimi P. Production of Candida antarctica lipase B gene open reading frame using automated PCR gene assembly protocol on robotic workcell and expression in an ethanologenic yeast for use as resin-bound biocatalyst in biodiesel production. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 16:17-37. [PMID: 21609683 DOI: 10.1016/j.jala.2010.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2009] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A synthetic Candida antarctica lipase B (CALB) gene open reading frame (ORF) for expression in yeast was constructed, and the lycotoxin-1 (Lyt-1) C3 variant gene ORF, potentially to improve the availability of the active enzyme at the surface of the yeast cell, was added in frame with the CALB ORF using an automated PCR assembly and DNA purification protocol on an integrated robotic workcell. Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains expressing CALB protein or CALB Lyt-1 fusion protein were first grown on 2% (w/v) glucose, producing 9.3 g/L ethanol during fermentation. The carbon source was switched to galactose for GAL1-driven expression, and the CALB and CALB Lyt-1 enzymes expressed were tested for fatty acid ethyl ester (biodiesel) production. The synthetic enzymes catalyzed the formation of fatty acid ethyl esters from ethanol and either corn or soybean oil. It was further demonstrated that a one-step-charging resin, specifically selected for binding to lipase, was capable of covalent attachment of the CALB Lyt-1 enzyme, and that the resin-bound enzyme catalyzed the production of biodiesel. High-level expression of lipase in an ethanologenic yeast strain has the potential to increase the profitability of an integrated biorefinery by combining bioethanol production with coproduction of a low-cost biocatalyst that converts corn oil to biodiesel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen R Hughes
- Renewable Product Technology Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Agricultural Research Service (ARS), National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research (NCAUR), Peoria, IL 61604, USA.
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