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Zhuang Y, Sun X, Deng S, Wen Y, Xu Q, Guan Q. In vivo effects of low dose prenatal bisphenol A exposure on adiposity in male and female ICR offspring. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 257:114946. [PMID: 37105096 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bisphenol A (BPA) is known to exhibit endocrine disrupting activities and is associated with adiposity. We examined the obesogenic effect of prenatal BPA exposure in the present study. METHODS Pregnant ICR mice were exposed to vehicle or BPA via the drinking water at a dose of 0.5 μg/kg·d throughout the gestation. Obesity-related indexes were investigated in the 12-wk-old offspring. Primary mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) collected from treated embryos were used to test effects of BPA on adipocyte differentiation. RESULTS Offspring presented a significantly higher rate of weight gain than the control, with impaired insulin sensitivity and increased adipocyte size. Differentiation of MEFs from BPA-treated mice showed a higher propensity for the adipocyte commitment as well as up-regulation of genes enriched in lipid biosynthesis. TGF-β signaling pathway was found to modulate obesogenic effect of BPA in MEF model, but estrogen signaling pathway had no effect. CONCLUSIONS The present study provides strong evidence of the association between prenatal exposure to low dose of BPA and a significant increase in body weight in the offspring mice with a critical role played by TGF-β signaling pathway. The potential interactions modulating the binding of BPA and TGF-β that activate its obesogenic effects need to be examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Zhuang
- Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Xiangying Sun
- Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Siting Deng
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Ya Wen
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Qiujin Xu
- Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environment Science, Beijing 100012, China.
| | - Quanquan Guan
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.
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2
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Bai W, Zhang Y, Ma J, Du M, Xu H, Wang J, Zhang L, Li W, Hou Y, Liu X, Zhang X, Peng Y, Li J, Zhan X, Jiang W, Liu S, Liu X, Li Q, Miao Y, Sui M, Yang Y, Zhang S, Xu Z, Zuo B. FHL3 promotes the formation of fast glycolytic muscle fibers by interacting with YY1 and muscle glycolytic metabolism. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:27. [PMID: 36602641 PMCID: PMC11073127 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04680-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The proportions of the various muscle fiber types are important in the regulation of skeletal muscle metabolism, as well as animal meat production. Four-and-a-half LIM domain protein 3 (FHL3) is highly expressed in fast glycolytic muscle fibers and differentially regulates the expression of myosin heavy chain (MyHC) isoforms at the cellular level. Whether FHL3 regulates the transformation of muscle fiber types in vivo and the regulatory mechanism is unclear. In this study, muscle-specific FHL3 transgenic mice were generated by random integration, and lentivirus-mediated gene knockdown or overexpression in muscles of mice or pigs was conducted. Functional analysis showed that overexpression of FHL3 in muscles significantly increased the proportion of fast-twitch myofibers and muscle mass but decreased muscle succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity and whole-body oxygen consumption. Lentivirus-mediated FHL3 knockdown in muscles significantly decreased muscle mass and the proportion of fast-twitch myofibers. Mechanistically, FHL3 directly interacted with the Yin yang 1 (YY1) DNA-binding domain, repressed the binding of YY1 to the fast glycolytic MyHC2b gene regulatory region, and thereby promoted MyHC2b expression. FHL3 also competed with EZH2 to bind the repression domain of YY1 and reduced H3K27me3 enrichment in the MyHC2b regulatory region. Moreover, FHL3 overexpression reduced glucose tolerance by affecting muscle glycolytic metabolism, and its mRNA expression in muscle was positively associated with hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) in patients with type 2 diabetes. Therefore, FHL3 is a novel potential target gene for the treatment of muscle metabolism-related diseases and improvement of animal meat production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Bai
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Agriculture Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
| | - Yunxia Zhang
- Institute of Neuroscience and Translational Medicine, College of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, China
| | - Jun Ma
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Agriculture Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
| | - Mengmeng Du
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Agriculture Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Haiyang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Agriculture Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Agriculture Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Agriculture Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wentao Li
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Agriculture Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yunqing Hou
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Agriculture Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaomeng Liu
- Institute of Neuroscience and Translational Medicine, College of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, China
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan, China
| | - Xinyue Zhang
- Institute of Neuroscience and Translational Medicine, College of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, China
| | - Yaxin Peng
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Agriculture Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianan Li
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Agriculture Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xizhen Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Agriculture Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Agriculture Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shengsi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Agriculture Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Agriculture Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qinying Li
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Agriculture Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yang Miao
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Agriculture Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Mengru Sui
- Institute of Neuroscience and Translational Medicine, College of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, China
| | - Yuhan Yang
- Institute of Neuroscience and Translational Medicine, College of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, China
| | - Shenghao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zaiyan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Bo Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.
- Key Laboratory of Agriculture Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China.
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Jian O, MengXia N, Shiyu X, QingXia M, QinYan Z, Jie D, Wei W, Jiaojiao W, Hong L, Yining H. MiR-145 is upregulated in the retarded preimplantation embryos and modulates cholesterol levels in mice preimplantation embryos through targeting Abca1. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2022; 20:168. [PMID: 36510317 PMCID: PMC9743540 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-022-01044-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preimplantation embryonic lethality is a driver of female infertility. Certain microRNAs (miRNAs) have previously been demonstrated to play important roles in the regulation of embryogenesis. METHODS Normally developing blastocysts and arrested embryos were collected from patients undergoing intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), and the expression of specific miRNAs therein was evaluated by qPCR. The overexpression of target molecule miR-145 in early mice embryos was achieved via oocyte microinjection, enabling the subsequent monitoring of how such overexpression impacted embryonic development. Bioinformatics approaches were utilized to identify putative miR-145 target mRNAs, and luciferase reporter assessments were implemented to confirm the ability of miR-145 to regulate Abca1 in HEK293T cells. The functional relationship between miR-145 and Abca1 in the mice's embryonic development was then confirmed through rescue assays. RESULTS Abnormally increased miR-145 expression was observed in patients' arrested embryos, and the exogenous overexpression of this miRNA significantly suppressed mural blastocyst formation. Mechanistically, miR-145 was found to bind to the 3'-untranslated area of the Abca1 mRNA in HK293T cells, thus suppressing its expression and increasing embryonic cholesterol levels. In line with the importance of these cholesterol levels to embryogenesis, the upregulation of Abca1 was sufficient to rescue the observed change in cholesterol levels and the associated retardation of mice embryonic development that occurred in response to the overexpression of miR-145. CONCLUSION The regulatory dynamics of the miR-145/Abca1 axis play an important role in shaping normal embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ou Jian
- Center for Reproduction and Genetics, Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ni MengXia
- Center for Reproduction and Genetics, Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xing Shiyu
- Center for Reproduction and Genetics, Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Meng QingXia
- Center for Reproduction and Genetics, Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zou QinYan
- Center for Reproduction and Genetics, Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ding Jie
- Center for Reproduction and Genetics, Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wang Wei
- Center for Reproduction and Genetics, Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wan Jiaojiao
- Peking Jabrehoo Med-Tech Co., Ltd, No. 19 Tianrong Road, Daxing Bio-medicine Industry Park, Daxing District, Peking, 102629, China
| | - Li Hong
- Center for Reproduction and Genetics, Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Huang Yining
- Peking Jabrehoo Med-Tech Co., Ltd, No. 19 Tianrong Road, Daxing Bio-medicine Industry Park, Daxing District, Peking, 102629, China.
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Xie M, Park D, Sica GL, Deng X. Bcl2-induced DNA replication stress promotes lung carcinogenesis in response to space radiation. Carcinogenesis 2021; 41:1565-1575. [PMID: 32157295 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgaa021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Space radiation is characterized by high-linear energy transfer (LET) ionizing radiation. The relationships between the early biological effects of space radiation and the probability of cancer in humans are poorly understood. Bcl2 not only functions as a potent antiapoptotic molecule but also as an oncogenic protein that induces DNA replication stress. To test the role and mechanism of Bcl2 in high-LET space radiation-induced lung carcinogenesis, we created lung-targeting Bcl2 transgenic C57BL/6 mice using the CC10 promoter to drive Bcl2 expression selectively in lung tissues. Intriguingly, lung-targeting transgenic Bcl2 inhibits ribonucleotide reductase activity, reduces dNTP pool size and retards DNA replication fork progression in mouse bronchial epithelial cells. After exposure of mice to space radiation derived from 56iron, 28silicon or protons, the incidence of lung cancer was significantly higher in lung-targeting Bcl2 transgenic mice than in wild-type mice, indicating that Bcl2-induced DNA replication stress promotes lung carcinogenesis in response to space radiation. The findings provide some evidence for the relative effectiveness of space radiation and Bcl-2 at inducing lung cancer in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maohua Xie
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine and Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Dongkyoo Park
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine and Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Gabriel L Sica
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine and Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Xingming Deng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine and Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Ranisavljevic N, Borensztein M, Ancelin K. Understanding Chromosome Structure During Early Mouse Development by a Single-Cell Hi-C Analysis. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2214:283-293. [PMID: 32944917 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0958-3_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Over the past two decades, the development of chromosome conformation capture technologies has allowed to intensively probe the properties of genome folding in various cell types. High-throughput versions of these C-based assays (named Hi-C) have released the mapping of 3D chromosome folding for the entire genomes. Applied to mammalian preimplantation embryos, it has revealed a unique chromosome organization after fertilization when a new individual is being formed. However, the questions of whether specific structures could arise depending on their parental origins or of their transcriptional status remain open. Our method chapter is dedicated to the technical description on how applying scHi-C to mouse embryos at different stages of preimplantation development. This approach capitalized with the limited amount of material available at these developmental stages. It also provides new research avenues, such as the study of mutant embryos for further functional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noémie Ranisavljevic
- Institut Curie, CNRS UMR3215/ INSERM U934, Paris Sciences & Lettres Research University (PSL), Paris, France.
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, CHU and University of Montpellier, Montpellier Cedex 5, France.
| | - Maud Borensztein
- Institut Curie, CNRS UMR3215/ INSERM U934, Paris Sciences & Lettres Research University (PSL), Paris, France
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Katia Ancelin
- Institut Curie, CNRS UMR3215/ INSERM U934, Paris Sciences & Lettres Research University (PSL), Paris, France.
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Wang Y, Gu J, Du A, Zhang S, Deng M, Zhao R, Lu Y, Ji Y, Shao Y, Sun W, Kong X. SPARC-related modular calcium binding 1 regulates aortic valve calcification by disrupting BMPR-II/p-p38 signalling. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 118:913-928. [PMID: 33757126 PMCID: PMC8859632 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvab107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims Aortic valve calcification is more prevalent in chronic kidney disease accompanied by hypercalcemia. Secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC)-related modular calcium binding 1 (SMOC1) is a regulator of BMP2 signalling, but the role of SMOC1 in aortic valve calcification under different conditions has not been studied. This study aimed to investigate the roles of SMOC1 in aortic valve calcification under normal and high calcium conditions, focusing on the effects on aortic valve interstitial cells (AVICs). Methods and results SMOC1 was expressed by aortic valve endothelial cells and secreted into the extracellular matrix in non-calcific valves and downregulated in calcific aortic valves. In vitro studies demonstrated that HUVEC secreted SMOC1 could enter the cytoplasm of AVICs. Overexpression of SMOC1 attenuated warfarin-induced AVIC calcification but promoted high calcium/phosphate or vitamin D-induced AVIC and aortic valve calcification by regulating BMP2 signalling both in vitro and in vivo. Co-immunoprecipitation revealed that SMOC1 binds to BMP receptor II (BMPR-II) and inhibits BMP2-induced phosphorylation of p38 (p-p38) via amino acids 372–383 of its EF-hand calcium-binding domain. Inhibition of p-p38 by the p38 inhibitor SB203580 blocked the effects of SMOC1 on BMP2 signalling and AVIC calcification induced by high calcium/phosphate medium. In high-calcium-treated AVICs, SMOC1 lost its ability to bind to BMPR-II, but not to caveolin-1, promoting p-p38 and cell apoptosis due to increased expression of BMPR-II and enhanced endocytosis. Conclusions These observations support that SMOC1 works as a dual-directional modulator of AVIC calcification by regulating p38-dependent BMP2 signalling transduction according to different extracellular calcium concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Rong Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, 185 Juqian street, Changzhou, 213004, PR China
| | | | | | - Yongfeng Shao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, PR China
| | | | - Xiangqing Kong
- Department of Cardiology.,State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 210029, PR China
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7
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Wang Y, Dai G, Gu Z, Liu G, Tang K, Pan YH, Chen Y, Lin X, Wu N, Chen H, Feng S, Qiu S, Sun H, Li Q, Xu C, Mao Y, Zhang YE, Khaitovich P, Wang YL, Liu Q, Han JDJ, Shao Z, Wei G, Xu C, Jing N, Li H. Accelerated evolution of an Lhx2 enhancer shapes mammalian social hierarchies. Cell Res 2020; 30:408-420. [PMID: 32238901 PMCID: PMC7196073 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-020-0308-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Social hierarchies emerged during evolution, and social rank influences behavior and health of individuals. However, the evolutionary mechanisms of social hierarchy are still unknown in amniotes. Here we developed a new method and performed a genome-wide screening for identifying regions with accelerated evolution in the ancestral lineage of placental mammals, where mammalian social hierarchies might have initially evolved. Then functional analyses were conducted for the most accelerated region designated as placental-accelerated sequence 1 (PAS1, P = 3.15 × 10-18). Multiple pieces of evidence show that PAS1 is an enhancer of the transcription factor gene Lhx2 involved in brain development. PAS1s isolated from various amniotes showed different cis-regulatory activity in vitro, and affected the expression of Lhx2 differently in the nervous system of mouse embryos. PAS1 knock-out mice lack social stratification. PAS1 knock-in mouse models demonstrate that PAS1s determine the social dominance and subordinate of adult mice, and that social ranks could even be turned over by mutated PAS1. All homozygous mutant mice had normal huddled sleeping behavior, motor coordination and strength. Therefore, PAS1-Lhx2 modulates social hierarchies and is essential for establishing social stratification in amniotes, and positive Darwinian selection on PAS1 plays pivotal roles in the occurrence of mammalian social hierarchies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yueyang Road 320, 200031, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guangyi Dai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yueyang Road 320, 200031, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhili Gu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yueyang Road 320, 200031, Shanghai, China
| | - Guopeng Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yueyang Road 320, 200031, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ke Tang
- Precise Genome Engineering Center, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510405, Guangdong, China
| | - Yi-Hsuan Pan
- Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, East China Normal University, 200062, Shanghai, China
| | - Yujie Chen
- Bio-Med Big Data Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yueyang Road 320, 200031, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Lin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yueyang Road 320, 200031, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Nan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, East China Normal University, 200062, Shanghai, China
| | - Haoshan Chen
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yueyang Road 320, 200031, Shanghai, China
| | - Su Feng
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yueyang Road 320, 200031, Shanghai, China
| | - Shou Qiu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yueyang Road 320, 200031, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongduo Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yueyang Road 320, 200031, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yueyang Road 320, 200031, Shanghai, China
| | - Chuan Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yueyang Road 320, 200031, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanan Mao
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution & State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Edward Zhang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution & State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
- Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 650223, Kunming, China
| | - Philipp Khaitovich
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yueyang Road 320, 200031, Shanghai, China
- Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 650223, Kunming, China
| | - Yan-Ling Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
| | - Qunxiu Liu
- Shanghai Zoological Park, 200335, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing-Dong Jackie Han
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yueyang Road 320, 200031, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen Shao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yueyang Road 320, 200031, Shanghai, China
| | - Gang Wei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yueyang Road 320, 200031, Shanghai, China
| | - Chun Xu
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yueyang Road 320, 200031, Shanghai, China
| | - Naihe Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yueyang Road 320, 200031, Shanghai, China
| | - Haipeng Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yueyang Road 320, 200031, Shanghai, China.
- Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 650223, Kunming, China.
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8
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Lawrence M, Theunissen TW, Lombard P, Adams DJ, Silva JCR. ZMYM2 inhibits NANOG-mediated reprogramming. Wellcome Open Res 2019; 4:88. [PMID: 31363497 PMCID: PMC6640293 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.15250.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: NANOG is a homeodomain-containing transcription factor which forms one of the hubs in the pluripotency network and plays a key role in the reprogramming of somatic cells and epiblast stem cells to naïve pluripotency. Studies have found that NANOG has many interacting partners and some of these were shown to play a role in its ability to mediate reprogramming. In this study, we set out to analyse the effect of NANOG interactors on the reprogramming process. Methods: Epiblast stem cells and somatic cells were reprogrammed to naïve pluripotency using MEK/ERK inhibitor PD0325901, GSK3β inhibitor CHIR99021 and Leukaemia Inhibitory Factor (together termed 2i Plus LIF). Zmym2 was knocked out using the CRISPR/Cas9 system or overexpressed using the PiggyBac system. Reprogramming was quantified after ZMYM2 deletion or overexpression, in diverse reprogramming systems. In addition, embryonic stem cell self renewal was quantified in differentiation assays after ZMYM2 removal or overexpression. Results: In this work, we identified ZMYM2/ZFP198, which physically associates with NANOG as a key negative regulator of NANOG-mediated reprogramming of both epiblast stem cells and somatic cells. In addition, ZMYM2 impairs the self renewal of embryonic stem cells and its overexpression promotes differentiation. Conclusions: We propose that ZMYM2 curtails NANOG's actions during the reprogramming of both somatic cells and epiblast stem cells and impedes embryonic stem cell self renewal, promoting differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moyra Lawrence
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, CB2 1QR, UK
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QR, UK
| | - Thorold W. Theunissen
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, CB2 1QR, UK
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QR, UK
- Department of Developmental Biology and Center of Regenerative Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Patrick Lombard
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, CB2 1QR, UK
| | - David J. Adams
- Experimental Cancer Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - José C. R. Silva
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, CB2 1QR, UK
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QR, UK
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9
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Okumura H, Nakanishi A, Toyama S, Yamanoue M, Yamada K, Ukai A, Hashita T, Iwao T, Miyamoto T, Tagawa YI, Hirabayashi M, Miyoshi I, Matsunaga T. Contribution of rat embryonic stem cells to xenogeneic chimeras in blastocyst or 8-cell embryo injection and aggregation. Xenotransplantation 2018; 26:e12468. [PMID: 30375053 DOI: 10.1111/xen.12468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The ultimate goal of regenerative medicine is the transplantation of a target organ generated by the patient's own cells. Recently, a method of organ generation using pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) and blastocyst complementation was reported. This approach is based on chimeric animal generation using an early embryo and PSCs, and the contribution of PSCs to the target organ is key to the method's success. However, the contribution rate of PSCs in target organs generated by different chimeric animal generation methods remains unknown. In this study, we used 8-cell embryo aggregation, 8-cell embryo injection, and blastocyst injection to generate interspecies chimeric mice using rat embryonic stem (ES) cells and then investigated the differences in the contribution rate of the rat ES cells. The rate of chimeric mouse generation was the highest using blastocyst injection, followed in order by 8-cell embryo injection and 8-cell embryo aggregation. However, the contribution rate of rat ES cells was the highest in chimeric neonates generated by 8-cell embryo injection, and the difference was statistically significant in the liver. Live functionality was confirmed by analyzing the expression of rat hepatocyte-derived drug-metabolizing enzyme. Collectively, these findings indicate that the 8-cell embryo injection method is the most suitable for generation of PSC-derived organs via chimeric animal generation, particularly for the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Okumura
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Anna Nakanishi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Satoshi Toyama
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Mai Yamanoue
- Educational Research Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kana Yamada
- Educational Research Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Akane Ukai
- Educational Research Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tadahiro Hashita
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan.,Educational Research Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takahiro Iwao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan.,Educational Research Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tomomi Miyamoto
- Center for Experimental Animal Science, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoh-Ichi Tagawa
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Masumi Hirabayashi
- Center for Genetic Analysis of Behavior, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Ichiro Miyoshi
- Center for Experimental Animal Science, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tamihide Matsunaga
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan.,Educational Research Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
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10
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Strain differences in arsenic-induced oxidative lesion via arsenic biomethylation between C57BL/6J and 129X1/SvJ mice. Sci Rep 2017; 7:44424. [PMID: 28303940 PMCID: PMC5355880 DOI: 10.1038/srep44424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Arsenic is a common environmental and occupational toxicant with dramatic species differences in its susceptibility and metabolism. Mouse strain variability may provide a better understanding of the arsenic pathological profile but is largely unknown. Here we investigated oxidative lesion induced by acute arsenic exposure in the two frequently used mouse strains C57BL/6J and 129X1/SvJ in classical gene targeting technique. A dose of 5 mg/kg body weight arsenic led to a significant alteration of blood glutathione towards oxidized redox potential and increased hepatic malondialdehyde content in C57BL/6J mice, but not in 129X1/SvJ mice. Hepatic antioxidant enzymes were induced by arsenic in transcription in both strains and many were higher in C57BL/6J than 129X1/SvJ mice. Arsenic profiles in the liver, blood and urine and transcription of genes encoding enzymes involved in arsenic biomethylation all indicate a higher arsenic methylation capacity, which contributes to a faster hepatic arsenic excretion, in 129X1/SvJ mice than C57BL/6J mice. Taken together, C57BL/6J mice are more susceptible to oxidative hepatic injury compared with 129X1/SvJ mice after acute arsenic exposure, which is closely associated with arsenic methylation pattern of the two strains.
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11
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Sprengel R, Eltokhi A, Single FN. Gene Targeted Mice with Conditional Knock-In (-Out) of NMDAR Mutations. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1677:201-230. [PMID: 28986875 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7321-7_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
For the genetic alterations of NMDA receptor (NMDAR) properties like Ca2+-permeability or voltage-dependent gating in mice and for the experimental analysis of nonsense or missense mutations that were identified in human patients, single nucleotide mutations have to be introduced into the germ line of mice (Burnashev and Szepetowski, Curr Opin Pharmacol 20:73-82, 2015; Endele et al., Nat Genet 42:1021-1026, 2010). This can be done with very high precision by the well-established method of gene replacement, which makes use of homologous recombination in pluripotent embryonic stem (ES) cells of mice. The homologous recombination at NMDAR subunit genes (Grin; for glutamate receptor ionotropic NMDAR subtype) has to be performed by targeting vectors, also called replacement vectors. The targeting vector should encode part of the gene for the NMDAR subunit, the NMDAR mutation, and a removable selection maker. In these days, the targeting vector can be precisely designed using DNA sequences from public databases. The assembly of the vector is then done from isogenic NMDAR gene fragments cloned in bacterial artificial chromosomes (BACs) using "high fidelity" long-range PCR reactions. During these PCR reactions, the NMDAR mutations are introduced into the cloned NMDAR gene fragments of the targeting vector. Finally, the targeting vector is used for homologous recombination in mouse ES cells. Positive ES cell clones which have the correct mutation have to be selected and are then used for blastocyst injection to generate chimeric mice that hopefully transmit the Grin gene targeted ES cells to their offspring. In the first offspring generation of the founder (F1), some animals will be heterozygous for the targeted NMDAR gene mutation. In order to regulate the expression of NMDAR mutations, it is important to keep the targeted NMDAR mutation under conditional control. Here, we describe a general method how those conditionally controlled NMDAR mutations can be engraved into the germ line of mice as hypomorphic Grin alleles. By breeding these hypomorphic Grin gene targeted mice with Cre recombinase expressing mice, the hypomorphic Grin allele can be activated at specific time points in specific cell types, and the function of the mutated NMDAR can be analyzed in these - so called - conditional mouse models. In this method chapter, we describe in detail the different methodical steps for successful gene targeting and generation of conditional NMDAR mutant mouse lines. Within the last 20 years, several students in our Department of Molecular Neurobiology in Heidelberg used these techniques several times to generate different mouse lines with mutated NMDARs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rolf Sprengel
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Jahnstraße 29, Heidelberg, Germany.
- Max Planck Research Group, Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 307, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Ahmed Eltokhi
- Max Planck Research Group, Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 307, Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 366, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frank N Single
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Jahnstraße 29, Heidelberg, Germany
- Miltenyi Biotec GmbH, Friedrich-Ebert-Straße 68, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany
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12
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Petersen MC, Madiraju AK, Gassaway BM, Marcel M, Nasiri AR, Butrico G, Marcucci MJ, Zhang D, Abulizi A, Zhang XM, Philbrick W, Hubbard SR, Jurczak MJ, Samuel VT, Rinehart J, Shulman GI. Insulin receptor Thr1160 phosphorylation mediates lipid-induced hepatic insulin resistance. J Clin Invest 2016; 126:4361-4371. [PMID: 27760050 DOI: 10.1172/jci86013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a risk factor for type 2 diabetes (T2D), but whether NAFLD plays a causal role in the pathogenesis of T2D is uncertain. One proposed mechanism linking NAFLD to hepatic insulin resistance involves diacylglycerol-mediated (DAG-mediated) activation of protein kinase C-ε (PKCε) and the consequent inhibition of insulin receptor (INSR) kinase activity. However, the molecular mechanism underlying PKCε inhibition of INSR kinase activity is unknown. Here, we used mass spectrometry to identify the phosphorylation site Thr1160 as a PKCε substrate in the functionally critical INSR kinase activation loop. We hypothesized that Thr1160 phosphorylation impairs INSR kinase activity by destabilizing the active configuration of the INSR kinase, and our results confirmed this prediction by demonstrating severely impaired INSR kinase activity in phosphomimetic T1160E mutants. Conversely, the INSR T1160A mutant was not inhibited by PKCε in vitro. Furthermore, mice with a threonine-to-alanine mutation at the homologous residue Thr1150 (InsrT1150A mice) were protected from high fat diet-induced hepatic insulin resistance. InsrT1150A mice also displayed increased insulin signaling, suppression of hepatic glucose production, and increased hepatic glycogen synthesis compared with WT controls during hyperinsulinemic clamp studies. These data reveal a critical pathophysiological role for INSR Thr1160 phosphorylation and provide further mechanistic links between PKCε and INSR in mediating NAFLD-induced hepatic insulin resistance.
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13
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Singhal G, Douris N, Fish AJ, Zhang X, Adams AC, Flier JS, Pissios P, Maratos-Flier E. Fibroblast growth factor 21 has no direct role in regulating fertility in female mice. Mol Metab 2016; 5:690-698. [PMID: 27656406 PMCID: PMC5021666 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2016.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Revised: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Reproduction is an energetically expensive process. Insufficient calorie reserves, signaled to the brain through peripheral signals such as leptin, suppress fertility. Recently, fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) was implicated as a signal from the liver to the hypothalamus that directly inhibits the hypothalamic–gonadotropin axis during fasting and starvation. However, FGF21 itself increases metabolic rate and can induce weight loss, which suggests that the effects of FGF21 on fertility may not be direct and may reflect changes in energy balance. Methods To address this important question, we evaluated fertility in several mouse models with elevated FGF21 levels including ketogenic diet fed mice, fasted mice, mice treated with exogenous FGF21 and transgenic mice over-expressing FGF21. Results We find that ketogenic diet fed mice remain fertile despite significant elevation in serum FGF21 levels. Absence of FGF21 does not alter transient infertility induced by fasting. Centrally infused FGF21 does not suppress fertility despite its efficacy in inducing browning of inguinal white adipose tissue. Furthermore, a high fat diet (HFD) can restore fertility of female FGF21-overexpressing mice, a model of growth restriction, even in the presence of supraphysiological serum FGF21 levels. Conclusions We conclude that FGF21 is not a direct physiological regulator of fertility in mice. The infertility observed in FGF21 overexpressing mice is likely driven by the increased energy expenditure and consequent excess calorie requirements resulting from high FGF21 levels. Ketogenic diet fed mice remain fertile despite significant elevation in serum FGF21. Central infusion of FGF21 does not suppress fertility in female mice. Mice lacking FGF21 have similar post-fasting delay of cycling as control mice. High fat diet restores fertility in FGF21-Tg mice despite supra physiological serum FGF21.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garima Singhal
- Division of Endocrinology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Nicholas Douris
- Division of Endocrinology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Alan J Fish
- Division of Endocrinology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Xinyao Zhang
- Division of Endocrinology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Andrew C Adams
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Diabetes Research, Indianapolis, IN, 46225, USA
| | - Jeffrey S Flier
- Division of Endocrinology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Pavlos Pissios
- Division of Endocrinology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
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14
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Petkova R, Arabadjiev B, Chakarov S, Pankov R. Current state of the opportunities for derivation of germ-like cells from pluripotent stem cells: are you a man, or a mouse? BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2014; 28:184-191. [PMID: 26019504 PMCID: PMC4434091 DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2014.907037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2013] [Accepted: 11/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The concept of pluripotency as a prerogative of cells of early mammal embryos and cultured embryonic stem cells (ESC) has been invalidated with the advent of induced pluripotent stem cells. Later, it became clear that the ability to generate all cell types of the adult organism is also a questionable aspect of pluripotency, as there are cell types, such as germ cells, which are difficult to produce from pluripotent stem cells. Recently it has been proposed that there are at least two different states of pluripotency; namely, the naïve, or ground state, and the primed state, which may differ radically in terms of timeline of existence, signalling mechanisms, cell properties, capacity for differentiation into different cell types, etc. Germ-like male and female rodent cells have been successfully produced in vitro from ESC and induced pluripotent stem cells. The attempts to derive primate primordial germ cells (PGC) and germ cells in vitro from pluripotent stem cells, however, still have a low success rate, especially with the female germline. The paper reviews the properties of rodent and primate ESC with regard to their capacity for differentiation in vitro to germ-like cells, outlining the possible caveats to derivation of PGC and germ cells from primate and human pluripotent cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rumena Petkova
- Scientific Technological Service (STS) Ltd., Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Borislav Arabadjiev
- Scientific Technological Service (STS) Ltd., Sofia, Bulgaria
- Department of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, and Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, Sofia University ‘St. Kliment Ohridsky’, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Stoyan Chakarov
- Department of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, and Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, Sofia University ‘St. Kliment Ohridsky’, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Roumen Pankov
- Department of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, and Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, Sofia University ‘St. Kliment Ohridsky’, Sofia, Bulgaria
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15
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Lee KH. Generating chimeric mice from embryonic stem cells via vial coculturing or hypertonic microinjection. Methods Mol Biol 2014; 1194:77-111. [PMID: 25064099 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-1215-5_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The generation of a fertile embryonic stem cell (ESC)-derived or F0 (100 % coat color chimerism) mice is the final criterion in proving that the ESC is truly pluripotent. Many methods have been developed to produce chimeric mice. To date, the most popular methods for generating chimeric embryos is well sandwich aggregation between zona pellucida (ZP) removed (denuded) 2.5-day post-coitum (dpc) embryos and ESC clumps, or direct microinjection of ESCs into the cavity (blastocoel) of 3.5-dpc blastocysts. However, due to systemic limitations and the disadvantages of conventional microinjection, aggregation, and coculturing, two novel methods (vial coculturing and hypertonic microinjection) were developed in recent years at my laboratory.Coculturing 2.5-dpc denuded embryos with ESCs in 1.7-mL vials for ~3 h generates chimeras that have significantly high levels of chimerism (including 100 % coat color chimerism) and germline transmission. This method has significantly fewer instrumental and technological limitations than existing methods, and is an efficient, simple, inexpensive, and reproducible method for "mass production" of chimeric embryos. For laboratories without a microinjection system, this is the method of choice for generating chimeric embryos. Microinjecting ESCs into a subzonal space of 2.5-dpc embryos can generate germline-transmitted chimeras including 100 % coat color chimerism. However, this method is adopted rarely due to the very small and tight space between ZP and blastomeres. Using a laser pulse or Piezo-driven instrument/device to help introduce ESCs into the subzonal space of 2.5-dpc embryos demonstrates the superior efficiency in generating ESC-derived (F0) chimeras. Unfortunately, due to the need for an expensive instrument/device and extra fine skill, not many studies have used either method. Recently, ESCs injected into the large subzonal space of 2.5-dpc embryos in an injection medium containing 0.2-0.3 M sucrose very efficiently generated viable, healthy, and fertile chimeric mice with 100 % coat color chimerism.Both vial coculture and hypertonic microinjection methods are useful and effective alternatives for producing germline chimeric or F0 mice efficiently and reliably. Furthermore, both novel methods are also good for induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) to generate chimeric embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun-Hsiung Lee
- Division of Biotechnology, Animal Technology Institute Taiwan, 23, Chunan (35053), Miaoli, Taiwan,
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16
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Li MW, Kinchen KL, Vallelunga JM, Young DL, Wright KDK, Gorano LN, Wasson K, Lloyd KCK. Safety, efficacy and efficiency of laser-assisted IVF in subfertile mutant mouse strains. Reproduction 2013; 145:245-54. [PMID: 23315689 DOI: 10.1530/rep-12-0477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In the present report we studied the safety, efficacy and efficiency of using an infrared laser to facilitate IVF by assessing fertilization, development and birth rates after laser-zona drilling (LZD) in 30 subfertile genetically modified (GM) mouse lines. We determined that LZD increased the fertilization rate four to ten times that of regular IVF, thus facilitating the derivation of 26 of 30 (86.7%) GM mouse lines. Cryopreserved two-cell stage embryos derived by LZD-assisted IVF were recovered and developed to blastocysts in vitro at the same rate as frozen-thawed embryos derived by regular IVF. Surprisingly after surgical transfer to pseudopregnant recipients the birth rate of embryos derived by LZD-assisted IVF was significantly lower than that of embryos derived by regular IVF. However this result could be completely mitigated by the addition of 0.25 M sucrose to the culture medium during LZD which caused the oocyte to shrink in volume relative to the perivitelline space. By increasing the distance from the laser target site on the zona pellucida, we hypothesize that the hyperosmotic effect of sucrose reduced the potential for laser-induced cytotoxic thermal damage to the underlying oocytes. With appropriate preparation and cautious application, our results indicate that LZD-assisted IVF is a safe, efficacious and efficient assisted reproductive technology for deriving mutant mouse lines with male factor infertility and subfertility caused by sperm-zona penetration defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Wen Li
- Mouse Biology Program, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95618, USA
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17
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Xu Y, Wei X, Wang M, Zhang R, Fu Y, Xing M, Hua Q, Xie X. Proliferation rate of somatic cells affects reprogramming efficiency. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:9767-9778. [PMID: 23439651 PMCID: PMC3617278 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.403881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery of induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells provides not only new approaches for cell replacement therapy, but also new ways for drug screening. However, the undefined mechanism and relatively low efficiency of reprogramming have limited the application of iPS cells. In an attempt to further optimize the reprogramming condition, we unexpectedly observed that removing c-Myc from the Oct-4, Sox-2, Klf-4, and c-Myc (OSKM) combination greatly enhanced the generation of iPS cells. The iPS cells generated without c-Myc attained salient pluripotent characteristics and were capable of producing full-term mice through tetraploid complementation. We observed that forced expression of c-Myc induced the expression of many genes involved in cell cycle control and a hyperproliferation state of the mouse embryonic fibroblasts during the early stage of reprogramming. This enhanced proliferation of mouse embryonic fibroblasts correlated negatively to the overall reprogramming efficiency. By applying small molecule inhibitors of cell proliferation at the early stage of reprogramming, we were able to improve the efficiency of iPS cell generation mediated by OSKM. Our data demonstrated that the proliferation rate of the somatic cell plays critical roles in reprogramming. Slowing down the proliferation of the original cells might be beneficial to the induction of iPS cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongyu Xu
- Laboratory of Receptor-based Bio-medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092; National Center for Drug Screening, Stake Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Wei
- Laboratory of Receptor-based Bio-medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092; National Center for Drug Screening, Stake Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Min Wang
- National Center for Drug Screening, Stake Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ru Zhang
- Laboratory of Receptor-based Bio-medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092.
| | - Yanbin Fu
- Laboratory of Receptor-based Bio-medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092; National Center for Drug Screening, Stake Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Mingzhe Xing
- Laboratory of Receptor-based Bio-medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092; National Center for Drug Screening, Stake Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Qiuhong Hua
- Laboratory of Receptor-based Bio-medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092
| | - Xin Xie
- Laboratory of Receptor-based Bio-medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092; National Center for Drug Screening, Stake Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.
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Abstract
The ability to introduce DNA sequences (e.g., genes) of interest into the germline genome has rendered the mouse a powerful and indispensable experimental model in fundamental and medical research. The DNA sequences can be integrated into the genome randomly or into a specific locus by homologous recombination, in order to: (1) delete or insert mutations into genes of interest to determine their function, (2) introduce human genes into the genome of mice to generate animal models enabling study of human-specific genes and diseases, e.g., mice susceptible to infections by human-specific pathogens of interest, (3) introduce individual genes or genomes of pathogens (such as viruses) in order to examine the contributions of such genes to the pathogenesis of the parent pathogens, (4) and last but not least introduce reporter genes that allow monitoring in vivo or ex vivo the expression of genes of interest. Furthermore, the use of recombination systems, such as Cre/loxP or FRT/FLP, enables conditional induction or suppression of gene expression of interest in a restricted period of mouse's lifetime, in a particular cell type, or in a specific tissue. In this review, we will give an updated summary of the gene targeting technology and discuss some important considerations in the design of gene-targeted mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hicham Bouabe
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signalling and Development, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK
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19
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Transgenic mice over-expressing carbonic anhydrase I showed aggravated joint inflammation and tissue destruction. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2012; 13:256. [PMID: 23256642 PMCID: PMC3575273 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2474-13-256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2012] [Accepted: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have demonstrated that carbonic anhydrase I (CA1) stimulates calcium salt precipitation and cell calcification, which is an essential step in new bone formation. Our study had reported that CA1 encoding gene has a strong association with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and ankylosing spondylitis (AS), two rheumatic diseases with abnormal new bone formation and bone resorption in joints. This study investigated the effect of CA1 on joint inflammation and tissue destruction in transgenic mice that over-express CA1 (CA1-Tg). METHODS CA1-Tg was generated with C57BL/6J mice by conventional methods. CA1-Tg was treated with collagen-II to induce arthritis (CIA). Wild-type mice, CA1-Tg treated with bovine serum albumin (BSA) and transgenic mice over-expressing PADI4 (PADI4-Tg), a gene known to be involved in rheumatoid arthritis, were used as controls. Histochemistry and X-ray radiographic assay were used to examine joint destruction. Western blotting and real time-PCR were used to examine CA1 expression. RESULTS CIA was observed in 60% of CA1-Tg, 20% of PADI4-Tg and 20% of wild-type mice after collagen injections. No CIA was found in CA1-Tg mice that received injections of BSA. The arthritic score was 5.5 ± 0.84 in the CA1-Tgs but the score was less than 2 in the injected wild-type mice and the PADI4-Tgs. The thickness of the hind paws in the CA1-Tgs was 3.46 ± 0.11 mm, which was thicker than that of PADI4-Tgs (2.23 ± 0.08 mm), wild-type mice (2.08 ± 0.06 mm) and BSA-treated CA1-Tgs (2.04 ± 0.07 mm). Histochemistry showed obvious inflammation, synovial hyperplasia and bone destruction in the joints of CA1-Tg that was not detected in PADI4-Tgs or wild-type mice. X-ray assays showed bone fusion in the paws and spines of CA1-Tg mice. CONCLUSION Over-expression of CA1 may aggravate joint inflammation and tissue destruction in the transgenic mice.
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Yabuuchi A, Rehman H, Kim K. Histocompatible parthenogenetic embryonic stem cells as a potential source for regenerative medicine. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 29:17-21. [PMID: 25264423 DOI: 10.1274/jmor.29.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Parthenogenesis is the process by which an oocyte develops into an embryo without fertilization. Parthenogenetic activation can be performed at various stages of meiosis, yielding embryos with a distinct genetic pattern of homozygousity and heterozygousity. The heterozygousity pattern specific to parthenogenetic embryonic stem (pES) cells derived from such embryos, can be predicted using genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis to determine whether extrusion of the first or second polar body is prohibited. The heterozygous pES cells carrying the full complement of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigen matched to the oocyte donor, could therefore provide a potential source of MHC matched cells or tissue for cell replacement therapy. In this review, we summarized the mechanism of deriving heterozygous MHC-matched pES cells using a mouse and human models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Yabuuchi
- Advanced Medical Research Institute of Fertility, Kato Ladies Clinic, 7-20-3 Nishishinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, JAPAN
| | - Haniya Rehman
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Center for Cell Engineering, Sloan Kettering Institute, Cell and Developmental Biology Graduate program, Weil Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Kitai Kim
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Center for Cell Engineering, Sloan Kettering Institute, Cell and Developmental Biology Graduate program, Weil Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA
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Abstract
SummarySomatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) has emerged as an important tool for producing transgenic animals and deriving transgenic embryonic stem cells. The process of SCNT involves fusion of in vitro matured oocytes with somatic cells to make embryos that are transgenic when the nuclear donor somatic cells carry ‘foreign’ DNA and are clones when all the donor cells are genetically identical. However, in canines, it is difficult to obtain enough mature oocytes for successful SCNT due to the very low efficiency of in vitro oocyte maturation in this species that hinders canine transgenic cloning. One solution is to use oocytes from a different species or even a different genus, such as bovine oocytes, that can be matured easily in vitro. Accordingly, the aim of this study was: (1) to establish a canine fetal fibroblast line transfected with the green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene; and (2) to investigate in vitro embryonic development of canine cloned embryos derived from transgenic and non-transgenic cell lines using bovine in vitro matured oocytes. Canine fetal fibroblasts were transfected with constructs containing the GFP and puromycin resistance genes using FuGENE 6®. Viability levels of these cells were determined by the MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide] assay. Interspecies SCNT (iSCNT) embryos from normal or transfected cells were produced and cultured in vitro. The MTT measurement of GFP-transfected fetal fibroblasts (mean OD = 0.25) was not significantly different from non-transfected fetal fibroblasts (mean OD = 0.35). There was no difference between transgenic iSCNT versus non-transgenic iSCNT embryos in terms of fusion rates (73.1% and 75.7%, respectively), cleavage rates (69.7% vs. 73.8%) and development to the 8–16-cell stage (40.1% vs. 42.7%). Embryos derived from the transfected cells completely expressed GFP at the 2-cell, 4-cell, and 8–16-cell stages without mosaicism. In summary, our results demonstrated that, following successful isolation of canine transgenic cells, iSCNT embryos developed to early pre-implantation stages in vitro, showing stable GFP expression. These canine–bovine iSCNT embryos can be used for further in vitro analysis of canine transgenic cells and will contribute to the production of various transgenic dogs for use as specific human disease models.
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Kraus P, Leong G, Tan V, Xing X, Goh JW, Yap SP, Lufkin T. A more cost effective and rapid high percentage germ-line transmitting chimeric mouse generation procedure via microinjection of 2-cell, 4-cell, and 8-cell embryos with ES and iPS cells. Genesis 2010; 48:394-9. [PMID: 20533407 DOI: 10.1002/dvg.20627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The long-standing traditional method of delivering embryonic stem (ES) cells adjacent to the inner cell mass (ICM) of blastocysts to generate chimeras improved with the advent of laser- or Piezo assisted 8-cell embryo microinjection. Building on this technology but omitting either the laser or the Piezo to penetrate the zona pellucida and making use of earlier embryonic stages (2-cell and 4-cell), we were able to significantly speed up and economize our ES cell microinjection and chimera production throughput. We demonstrate here that embryonic (ES) and induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells can stay fully pluripotent when delivered into 2-cell- and 4-cell-stage embryos, long before they would naturally be incorporated into the ICM of a blastocyst (E3.5) and give rise to high percentage and germline transmitting chimeras.
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