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Wang F, Zhou F, Peng J, Chen H, Xie J, Liu C, Xiong H, Chen S, Xue G, Zhou X, Xie Y. Macrophage Tim-3 maintains intestinal homeostasis in DSS-induced colitis by suppressing neutrophil necroptosis. Redox Biol 2024; 70:103072. [PMID: 38330550 PMCID: PMC10865407 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
T-cell immunoglobulin domain and mucin domain-3 (Tim-3) is a versatile immunomodulator that protects against intestinal inflammation. Necroptosis is a type of cell death that regulates intestinal homeostasis and inflammation. The mechanism(s) underlying the protective role of macrophage Tim-3 in intestinal inflammation is unclear; thus, we investigated whether specific Tim-3 knockdown in macrophages drives intestinal inflammation via necroptosis. Tim-3 protein and mRNA expression were assessed via double immunofluorescence staining and single-cell RNA sequencing (sc-RNA seq), respectively, in the colonic tissues of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and healthy controls. Macrophage-specific Tim3-knockout (Tim-3M-KO) mice were generated to explore the function and mechanism of Tim-3 in dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis. Necroptosis was blocked by pharmacological inhibitors of receptor-interacting protein kinase (RIP)1, RIP3, and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Additionally, in vitro experiments were performed to assess the mechanisms of neutrophil necroptosis induced by Tim-3 knockdown macrophages. Although Tim-3 is relatively inactive in macrophages during colon homeostasis, it is highly active during colitis. Compared to those in controls, Tim-3M-KO mice showed increased susceptibility to colitis, higher colitis scores, and increased pro-inflammatory mediator expression. Following the administration of RIP1/RIP3 or ROS inhibitors, a significant reduction in intestinal inflammation symptoms was observed in DSS-treated Tim-3M-KO mice. Further analysis indicated the TLR4/NF-κB pathway in Tim-3 knockdown macrophages mediates the TNF-α-induced necroptosis pathway in neutrophils. Macrophage Tim-3 regulates neutrophil necroptosis via intracellular ROS signaling. Tim-3 knockdown macrophages can recruit neutrophils and induce neutrophil necroptosis, thereby damaging the intestinal mucosal barrier and triggering a vicious cycle in the development of colitis. Our results demonstrate a protective role of macrophage Tim-3 in maintaining gut homeostasis by inhibiting neutrophil necroptosis and provide novel insights into the pathogenesis of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfei Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China; Institute of Digestive Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Feng Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China; Institute of Digestive Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Jianxiang Peng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China; Institute of Digestive Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China; Institute of Digestive Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Jinliang Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China; Institute of Digestive Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Cong Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China; Institute of Digestive Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Huifang Xiong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China; Institute of Digestive Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Sihai Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China; Institute of Digestive Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Guohui Xue
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Jiujiang Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiujiang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Xiaojiang Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China; Institute of Digestive Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Yong Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China; Institute of Digestive Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China.
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Jatczak-Pawlik I, Ewiak-Paszyńska A, Domowicz M, Jurewicz A, Stasiołek M. Intracellular Accumulation and Secretion of YKL-40 (CHI3L1) in the Course of DMSO-Induced HL-60 Cell Differentiation. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:443. [PMID: 38675403 PMCID: PMC11053806 DOI: 10.3390/ph17040443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
YKL-40 (CHI3L1) is a matrix glycoprotein stored in human neutrophil-specific granules and released upon activation. While it is implicated in inflammation, cancer progression, and cell differentiation, its exact physiological role remains unclear. This study investigated the intracellular expression and secretion of YKL-40 by untreated and DMSO-treated HL-60 cells in association with surface expression of CD11b and CD66b throughout the differentiation process (up to 120 h). Secreted YKL-40 protein and mRNA levels of YKL-40, CD66b, and CD11b were measured by ELISA and quantitative RT-PCR, respectively. The intracellular YKL-40 and surface CD11b and CD66b expression were assessed by flow cytometry. A significant increase in CD11b expression confirmed DMSO-induced differentiation of HL-60 cells. Upon DMSO stimulation, YKL-40 mRNA expression increased in a time-dependent manner, unlike CD66b. The lack of CD66b (a granulocyte maturation and activation marker) on the surface of HL-60 cells might suggest that DMSO treatment did not induce full maturation or activation. The intracellular YKL-40 protein expression was increasing up to 96 h of DMSO treatment and then declined. YKL-40 secretion into the culture medium was detectable only at later time points (96 and 120 h), which was correlated with a decreased proliferation of DMSO-treated HL-60 cells. These findings suggest sequential changes in YKL-40 production and secretion during DMSO-induced differentiation of HL-60 cells and might contribute to a better understanding of YKL-40's involvement in both physiological processes and disease development, including multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Mariusz Stasiołek
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Lodz, Kosciuszki Street 4, 90-419 Lodz, Poland; (I.J.-P.); (A.E.-P.); (M.D.); (A.J.)
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3
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Hadjitheodorou A, Bell GRR, Ellett F, Irimia D, Tibshirani R, Collins SR, Theriot JA. Leading edge competition promotes context-dependent responses to receptor inputs to resolve directional dilemmas in neutrophil migration. Cell Syst 2023; 14:196-209.e6. [PMID: 36827986 PMCID: PMC10150694 DOI: 10.1016/j.cels.2023.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Maintaining persistent migration in complex environments is critical for neutrophils to reach infection sites. Neutrophils avoid getting trapped, even when obstacles split their front into multiple leading edges. How they re-establish polarity to move productively while incorporating receptor inputs under such conditions remains unclear. Here, we challenge chemotaxing HL60 neutrophil-like cells with symmetric bifurcating microfluidic channels to probe cell-intrinsic processes during the resolution of competing fronts. Using supervised statistical learning, we demonstrate that cells commit to one leading edge late in the process, rather than amplifying structural asymmetries or early fluctuations. Using optogenetic tools, we show that receptor inputs only bias the decision similarly late, once mechanical stretching begins to weaken each front. Finally, a retracting edge commits to retraction, with ROCK limiting sensitivity to receptor inputs until the retraction completes. Collectively, our results suggest that cell edges locally adopt highly stable protrusion/retraction programs that are modulated by mechanical feedback.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amalia Hadjitheodorou
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Biology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - George R R Bell
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Felix Ellett
- Department of Surgery, BioMEMS Resource Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel Irimia
- Department of Surgery, BioMEMS Resource Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Robert Tibshirani
- Department of Statistics and Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Sean R Collins
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
| | - Julie A Theriot
- Department of Biology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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Hinman SS, Massaro A, Wang Y, Sims CE, Kim R, Allbritton NL. Suspended Collagen Hydrogels to Replicate Human Colonic Epithelial Cell Interactions with Immune Cells. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2022; 6:e2200129. [PMID: 35773243 PMCID: PMC9691589 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202200129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The human colon plays a critical role in fluid and salt absorption and harbors the largest immune compartment. There is a widespread need for in vitro models of human colon physiology with its innate immune system. A method is described to produce a cassette with a network of struts supporting a suspended, non-chemically cross-linked collagen hydrogel scaffold compatible with the co-culture of primary gastrointestinal epithelium and migratory inflammatory cells. The epithelial monolayer cultured on the suspended collagen possesses a population of polarized and differentiated cells similar to that present in vivo. This epithelial layer displays proper barrier function with a transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) ≥ 1,500 Ω cm2 and an apparent permeability ≤10-5 cm2 s-1 . Immune cells plated on the basal face of the scaffold transmigrated over a period of 24 h to the epithelial layer in response to epithelial production of IL-8 induced by luminal stimulation of Clostridium difficile Toxin A. These studies demonstrate that this in vitro platform possesses a functional primary colonic epithelial layer with an immune cell compartment capable of recruitment in response to pro-inflammatory cues coming from the epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel S. Hinman
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, 3720 15th Ave NE, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA
| | - Angelo Massaro
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, 3720 15th Ave NE, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA
| | - Yuli Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, 3720 15th Ave NE, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA
| | - Chris E. Sims
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, 3720 15th Ave NE, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA
| | - Raehyun Kim
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, 3720 15th Ave NE, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA
| | - Nancy L. Allbritton
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, 3720 15th Ave NE, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA
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5
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Khachaturyan G, Holle AW, Ende K, Frey C, Schwederski HA, Eiseler T, Paschke S, Micoulet A, Spatz JP, Kemkemer R. Temperature-sensitive migration dynamics in neutrophil-differentiated HL-60 cells. Sci Rep 2022; 12:7053. [PMID: 35488042 PMCID: PMC9054779 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-10858-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell migration plays an essential role in wound healing and inflammatory processes inside the human body. Peripheral blood neutrophils, a type of polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN), are the first cells to be activated during inflammation and subsequently migrate toward an injured tissue or infection site. This response is dependent on both biochemical signaling and the extracellular environment, one aspect of which includes increased temperature in the tissues surrounding the inflammation site. In our study, we analyzed temperature-dependent neutrophil migration using differentiated HL-60 cells. The migration speed of differentiated HL-60 cells was found to correlate positively with temperature from 30 to 42 °C, with higher temperatures inducing a concomitant increase in cell detachment. The migration persistence time of differentiated HL-60 cells was higher at lower temperatures (30-33 °C), while the migration persistence length stayed constant throughout the temperature range. Coupled with the increased speed observed at high temperatures, this suggests that neutrophils are primed to migrate more effectively at the elevated temperatures characteristic of inflammation. Temperature gradients exist on both cell and tissue scales. Taking this into consideration, we also investigated the ability of differentiated HL-60 cells to sense and react to the presence of temperature gradients, a process known as thermotaxis. Using a two-dimensional temperature gradient chamber with a range of 27-43 °C, we observed a migration bias parallel to the gradient, resulting in both positive and negative thermotaxis. To better mimic the extracellular matrix (ECM) environment in vivo, a three-dimensional collagen temperature gradient chamber was constructed, allowing observation of biased neutrophil-like differentiated HL-60 migration toward the heat source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galina Khachaturyan
- Department of Cellular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, University of Heidelberg, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andrew W Holle
- Department of Cellular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, 117411, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117411, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Karen Ende
- School of Applied Chemistry, Reutlingen University, Alteburgstrasse 150, 72762, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Christoph Frey
- Department of Cellular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, University of Heidelberg, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Heiko A Schwederski
- School of Applied Chemistry, Reutlingen University, Alteburgstrasse 150, 72762, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Tim Eiseler
- Internal Medicine I, University Clinic Ulm, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Stephan Paschke
- General and Visceral Surgery, University Clinic Ulm, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Alexandre Micoulet
- Department of Cellular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, University of Heidelberg, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Joachim P Spatz
- Department of Cellular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, University of Heidelberg, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ralf Kemkemer
- Department of Cellular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
- School of Applied Chemistry, Reutlingen University, Alteburgstrasse 150, 72762, Reutlingen, Germany.
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Kim HK, Kim H, Lee MK, Choi WH, Jang Y, Shin JS, Park JY, Bae DH, Hyun SI, Kim KH, Han HW, Lim B, Choi G, Kim M, Chang Lim Y, Yoo J. Generation of human tonsil epithelial organoids as an ex vivo model for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Biomaterials 2022; 283:121460. [PMID: 35286852 PMCID: PMC8901203 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The palatine tonsils (hereinafter referred to as "tonsils") serve as a reservoir for viral infections and play roles in the immune system's first line of defense. The aims of this study were to establish tonsil epithelial cell-derived organoids and examine their feasibility as an ex vivo model for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. The tonsil organoids successfully recapitulated the key characteristics of the tonsil epithelium, including cellular composition, histologic properties, and biomarker distribution. Notably, the basal layer cells of the organoids express molecules essential for SARS-CoV-2 entry, such as angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2) and furin, being susceptible to the viral infection. Changes in the gene expression profile in tonsil organoids revealed that 395 genes associated with oncostatin M signaling and lipid metabolism were highly upregulated within 72 h after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Notably, remdesivir suppressed the viral RNA copy number in organoid culture supernatants and intracellular viral protein levels in a dose-dependent manner. Here, we suggest that tonsil epithelial organoids could provide a preclinical and translational research platform for investigating SARS-CoV-2 infectivity and transmissibility or for evaluating antiviral candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Kyung Kim
- Department of Microbiology, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, Republic of Korea; CHA Organoid Research Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea; R&D Institute, Organoidsciences Ltd., Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeryeon Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Research Institute, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung Kyu Lee
- Infectious Diseases Therapeutic Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Hee Choi
- Department of Microbiology, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, Republic of Korea; CHA Organoid Research Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Yejin Jang
- Infectious Diseases Therapeutic Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Soo Shin
- Infectious Diseases Therapeutic Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Yeol Park
- Department of Microbiology, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, Republic of Korea; CHA Organoid Research Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hyuck Bae
- Department of Microbiology, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, Republic of Korea; CHA Organoid Research Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-In Hyun
- Department of Microbiology, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang Hyun Kim
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, CHA University School of Medicine, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Wook Han
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, CHA University School of Medicine, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Byungho Lim
- Data Convergence Drug Research Center, KRICT, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Gildon Choi
- Data Convergence Drug Research Center, KRICT, Daejeon, Republic of Korea; Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Meehyein Kim
- Infectious Diseases Therapeutic Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon, Republic of Korea; Graduate School of New Drug Discovery and Development, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Young Chang Lim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Research Institute, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jongman Yoo
- Department of Microbiology, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, Republic of Korea; CHA Organoid Research Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea; R&D Institute, Organoidsciences Ltd., Seongnam, Republic of Korea.
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7
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Garner RM, Theriot JA. Leading edge maintenance in migrating cells is an emergent property of branched actin network growth. eLife 2022; 11:74389. [PMID: 35275060 PMCID: PMC9033267 DOI: 10.7554/elife.74389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal cell migration is predominantly driven by the coordinated, yet stochastic, polymerization of thousands of nanometer-scale actin filaments across micron-scale cell leading edges. It remains unclear how such inherently noisy processes generate robust cellular behavior. We employed high-speed imaging of migrating neutrophil-like HL-60 cells to explore the fine-scale shape fluctuations that emerge and relax throughout the process of leading edge maintenance. We then developed a minimal stochastic model of the leading edge that reproduces this stable relaxation behavior. Remarkably, we find lamellipodial stability naturally emerges from the interplay between branched actin network growth and leading edge shape – with no additional feedback required – based on a synergy between membrane-proximal branching and lateral spreading of filaments. These results thus demonstrate a novel biological noise-suppression mechanism based entirely on system geometry. Furthermore, our model suggests that the Arp2/3-mediated ~70–80° branching angle optimally smooths lamellipodial shape, addressing its long-mysterious conservation from protists to mammals. In every human cell, there are tens of millions of proteins which work together to control everything from the cell’s shape to its behavior. One of the most abundant proteins is actin, which organizes itself into filaments that mechanically support the cell and help it to move. These filaments are very dynamic, with individual actin molecules constantly being added or removed. This allows the cell to build large structures with distinct shapes and properties. Many motile cells, for example, have a structure called a lamellipodium which protrudes at their ‘leading edge’ and pushes them forward. The lamellipodium has a very robust shape that does not vary much between different cell types, or change significantly as cells migrate. But how the tens of thousands of actin molecules inside the lamellipodium organize themselves into this large, stable structure is not fully understood. To investigate, Garner and Theriot used high-speed video microscopy to track the shape of human cells cultured in the laboratory. As the cells crawled along a glass surface, their leading edge undulated like strings being plucked on a guitar. A computer simulation showed that these ripples can be caused by filaments randomly adding and removing actin molecules. While these random movements could destabilize the structure of the leading edge, the simulation suggests that another aspect of actin filament growth smooths out any fluctuations in the lamellipodium’s shape. Actin networks in the lamellipodium have a branched configuration, with new strands emerging off each other at an angle like branches in a tree. Garner and Theriot found that the specific angle in which new filaments are added smooths out the lamellipodium’s shape, which may explain why this geometry has persisted throughout evolution. These findings suggest that the way in which actin filaments join together helps to maintain the shape of large cellular structures. In the future, scientists could use this design principle to build molecular machines that can self-organize into microstructures. These engineered constructs could be used to modulate the activity of living cells that have been damaged by disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rikki M Garner
- Department of Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
| | - Julie A Theriot
- Department of Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
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8
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Hadjitheodorou A, Bell GRR, Ellett F, Shastry S, Irimia D, Collins SR, Theriot JA. Directional reorientation of migrating neutrophils is limited by suppression of receptor input signaling at the cell rear through myosin II activity. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6619. [PMID: 34785640 PMCID: PMC8595366 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26622-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
To migrate efficiently to target locations, cells must integrate receptor inputs while maintaining polarity: a distinct front that leads and a rear that follows. Here we investigate what is necessary to overwrite pre-existing front-rear polarity in neutrophil-like HL60 cells migrating inside straight microfluidic channels. Using subcellular optogenetic receptor activation, we show that receptor inputs can reorient weakly polarized cells, but the rear of strongly polarized cells is refractory to new inputs. Transient stimulation reveals a multi-step repolarization process, confirming that cell rear sensitivity to receptor input is the primary determinant of large-scale directional reversal. We demonstrate that the RhoA/ROCK/myosin II pathway limits the ability of receptor inputs to signal to Cdc42 and reorient migrating neutrophils. We discover that by tuning the phosphorylation of myosin regulatory light chain we can modulate the activity and localization of myosin II and thus the amenability of the cell rear to 'listen' to receptor inputs and respond to directional reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amalia Hadjitheodorou
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Biology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - George R R Bell
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Felix Ellett
- Department of Surgery, BioMEMS Resource Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shashank Shastry
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Daniel Irimia
- Department of Surgery, BioMEMS Resource Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sean R Collins
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
| | - Julie A Theriot
- Department of Biology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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9
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François J, Kandasamy A, Yeh YT, Schwartz A, Ayala C, Meili R, Chien S, Lasheras JC, Del Álamo JC. The interplay between matrix deformation and the coordination of turning events governs directed neutrophil migration in 3D matrices. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabf3882. [PMID: 34261650 PMCID: PMC8279509 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abf3882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophils migrating through extravascular spaces must negotiate narrow matrix pores without losing directional movement. We investigated how chemotaxing neutrophils probe matrices and adjust their migration to collagen concentration ([col]) changes by tracking 20,000 cell trajectories and quantifying cell-generated 3D matrix deformations. In low-[col] matrices, neutrophils exerted large deformations and followed straight trajectories. As [col] increased, matrix deformations decreased, and neutrophils turned often to circumvent rather than remodel matrix pores. Inhibiting protrusive or contractile forces shifted this transition to lower [col], implying that mechanics play a crucial role in defining migratory strategies. To balance frequent turning and directional bias, neutrophils used matrix obstacles as pivoting points to steer toward the chemoattractant. The Actin Related Protein 2/3 complex coordinated successive turns, thus controlling deviations from chemotactic paths. These results offer an improved understanding of the mechanisms and molecular regulators used by neutrophils during chemotaxis in restrictive 3D environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua François
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Adithan Kandasamy
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Yi-Ting Yeh
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Amy Schwartz
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Cindy Ayala
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ruedi Meili
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Shu Chien
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Juan C Lasheras
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Juan C Del Álamo
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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10
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Kim JK, Youn YJ, Lee YB, Kim SH, Song DK, Shin M, Jin HK, Bae JS, Shrestha S, Hong CW. Extracellular vesicles from dHL-60 cells as delivery vehicles for diverse therapeutics. Sci Rep 2021; 11:8289. [PMID: 33859336 PMCID: PMC8050327 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87891-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-derived heterogeneous vesicles that mediate intercellular communications. They have recently been considered as ideal vehicles for drug-delivery systems, and immune cells are suggested as a potential source for drug-loaded EVs. In this study, we investigated the possibility of neutrophils as a source for drug-loaded EVs. Neutrophil-like differentiated human promyelocytic leukemia cells (dHL-60) produced massive amounts of EVs within 1 h. The dHL-60 cells are also easily loaded with various cargoes such as antibiotics (penicillin), anticancer drug (paclitaxel), chemoattractant (MCP-1), miRNA, and Cas9. The EVs derived from the dHL-60 cells showed efficient incorporation of these cargoes and significant effector functions, such as bactericidal activity, monocyte chemotaxis, and macrophage polarization. Our results suggest that neutrophils or neutrophil-like promyelocytic cells could be an attractive source for drug-delivery EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Kyu Kim
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Jin Youn
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Bin Lee
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Hwa Kim
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Keun Song
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Minsang Shin
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Kyung Jin
- Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea.,KNU Alzheimer's Disease Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Sung Bae
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea.,KNU Alzheimer's Disease Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanjeeb Shrestha
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea.
| | - Chang-Won Hong
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea.
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11
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Dewan SMR, Osaka M, Deushi M, Yoshida M. Complement C5a-triggered differentiated HL-60 stimulates migration of THP-1 monocytic leukocytes via secretion of CCL2. FEBS Open Bio 2021; 11:1374-1381. [PMID: 33715310 PMCID: PMC8091577 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukocytes play an important role in vascular inflammation prior to atherosclerosis. In particular, monocyte adhesion and migration to the endothelium contribute to the development of vascular inflammation. Previously, we showed the importance of neutrophils and complement C5a in the early phase of vascular inflammation in mice fed a high-fat diet. However, the relationship between monocytes and neutrophils is not well understood. In this study, we elucidated the involvement of neutrophils in the migration of monocytes. We observed that C5a induces CCL2 expression in neutrophil-like dHL-60 cells. To investigate the physiological significance of CCL2 secretion, we performed a chemotaxis assay. Interestingly, dHL-60 culture supernatant in the presence of C5a enhanced the migration of THP-1 in comparison with the absence of C5a. Furthermore, CCL2 expression and secretion significantly increased in C5a-stimulated dHL-60 through the phosphorylation of NF-κB p65. Actin polymerization on THP-1 was enhanced by the presence of C5a compared with the absence of C5a when stimulated by a dHL-60-cultured medium. These results suggest that crosstalk between neutrophils and monocytes via CCL2 may play an important role in vascular inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Masudur Rahman Dewan
- Department of Life Sciences and Bioethics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan
| | - Mizuko Osaka
- Department of Life Sciences and Bioethics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan.,Department of Nutrition in Cardiovascular Disease, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan
| | - Michiyo Deushi
- Department of Life Sciences and Bioethics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan
| | - Masayuki Yoshida
- Department of Life Sciences and Bioethics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan
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12
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Li X, Pal DS, Biswas D, Iglesias PA, Devreotes PN. Reverse fountain flow of phosphatidylinositol-3,4-bisphosphate polarizes migrating cells. EMBO J 2021; 40:e105094. [PMID: 33586225 PMCID: PMC7883298 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2020105094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability of cells to polarize and move toward external stimuli plays a crucial role in development, as well as in normal and pathological physiology. Migrating cells maintain dynamic complementary distributions of Ras activity and of the phospholipid phosphatidylinositol‐3,4‐bisphosphate (PI(3,4)P2). Here, we show that lagging‐edge component PI(3,4)P2 also localizes to retracting leading‐edge protrusions and nascent macropinosomes, even in the absence of phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5‐trisphosphate (PIP3). Once internalized, macropinosomes break up into smaller PI(3,4)P2‐enriched vesicles, which fuse with the plasma membrane at the rear of the cell. Subsequently, the phosphoinositide diffuses toward the front of the cell, where it is degraded. Computational modeling confirms that this cycle gives rise to stable back‐to‐front gradient. These results uncover a surprising “reverse‐fountain flow” of PI(3,4)P2 that regulates polarity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoguang Li
- Department of Cell Biology and Center for Cell Dynamics, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Dhiman Sankar Pal
- Department of Cell Biology and Center for Cell Dynamics, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Debojyoti Biswas
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Pablo A Iglesias
- Department of Cell Biology and Center for Cell Dynamics, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Peter N Devreotes
- Department of Cell Biology and Center for Cell Dynamics, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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13
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Chemotaxis and swarming in differentiated HL-60 neutrophil-like cells. Sci Rep 2021; 11:778. [PMID: 33436661 PMCID: PMC7804120 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78854-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The human leukemia cell line (HL-60) is an alternative to primary neutrophils in research studies. However, because HL-60 cells proliferate in an incompletely differentiated state, they must undergo differentiation before they acquire the functional properties of neutrophils. Here we provide evidence of swarming and chemotaxis in differentiated HL-60 neutrophil-like cells (dHL-60) using precise microfluidic assays. We found that dimethyl sulfoxide differentiated HL-60 cells (DdHL-60) have a larger size, increased length, and lower ability to squeeze through narrow channels compared to primary neutrophils. They migrate through tapered microfluidic channels slower than primary neutrophils, but faster than HL-60s differentiated by other protocols, e.g., using all-trans retinoic acid. We found that dHL-60 can swarm toward zymosan particle clusters, though they display disorganized migratory patterns and produce swarms of smaller size compared to primary neutrophils.
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14
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Wen L, Fan Z, Mikulski Z, Ley K. Imaging of the immune system - towards a subcellular and molecular understanding. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:133/5/jcs234922. [PMID: 32139598 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.234922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune responses involve many types of leukocytes that traffic to the site of injury, recognize the insult and respond appropriately. Imaging of the immune system involves a set of methods and analytical tools that are used to visualize immune responses at the cellular and molecular level as they occur in real time. We will review recent and emerging technological advances in optical imaging, and their application to understanding the molecular and cellular responses of neutrophils, macrophages and lymphocytes. Optical live-cell imaging provides deep mechanistic insights at the molecular, cellular, tissue and organism levels. Live-cell imaging can capture quantitative information in real time at subcellular resolution with minimal phototoxicity and repeatedly in the same living cells or in accessible tissues of the living organism. Advanced FRET probes allow tracking signaling events in live cells. Light-sheet microscopy allows for deeper tissue penetration in optically clear samples, enriching our understanding of the higher-level organization of the immune response. Super-resolution microscopy offers insights into compartmentalized signaling at a resolution beyond the diffraction limit, approaching single-molecule resolution. This Review provides a current perspective on live-cell imaging in vitro and in vivo with a focus on the assessment of the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lai Wen
- Laboratory of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle Drive, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Zhichao Fan
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, UConn Health, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Zbigniew Mikulski
- Microscopy Core Facility, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle Drive, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Klaus Ley
- Laboratory of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle Drive, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA .,Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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15
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Garner RM, Skariah G, Hadjitheodorou A, Belliveau NM, Savinov A, Footer MJ, Theriot JA. Neutrophil-like HL-60 cells expressing only GFP-tagged β-actin exhibit nearly normal motility. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2020; 77:181-196. [PMID: 32072765 PMCID: PMC7383899 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Observations of actin dynamics in living cells using fluorescence microscopy have been foundational in the exploration of the mechanisms underlying cell migration. We used CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing to generate neutrophil‐like HL‐60 cell lines expressing GFP‐β‐actin from the endogenous locus (ACTB). In light of many previous reports outlining functional deficiencies of labeled actin, we anticipated that HL‐60 cells would only tolerate a monoallelic edit, as biallelic edited cells would produce no normal β‐actin. Surprisingly, we recovered viable monoallelic GFP‐β‐actin cells as well as biallelic edited GFP‐β‐actin cells, in which one copy of the ACTB gene is silenced and the other contains the GFP tag. Furthermore, the edited cells migrate with similar speeds and persistence as unmodified cells in a variety of motility assays, and have nearly normal cell shapes. These results might partially be explained by our observation that GFP‐β‐actin incorporates into the F‐actin network in biallelic edited cells at similar efficiencies as normal β‐actin in unedited cells. Additionally, the edited cells significantly upregulate γ‐actin, perhaps helping to compensate for the loss of normal β‐actin. Interestingly, biallelic edited cells have only modest changes in global gene expression relative to the monoallelic line, as measured by RNA sequencing. While monoallelic edited cells downregulate expression of the tagged allele and are thus only weakly fluorescent, biallelic edited cells are quite bright and well‐suited for live cell microscopy. The nondisruptive phenotype and direct interpretability of this fluorescent tagging approach make it a promising tool for studying actin dynamics in these rapidly migrating and highly phagocytic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rikki M Garner
- Biophysics Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA.,Department of Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Gemini Skariah
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Amalia Hadjitheodorou
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University Schools of Medicine and Engineering, Stanford, CA
| | - Nathan M Belliveau
- Department of Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Andrew Savinov
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Matthew J Footer
- Department of Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Julie A Theriot
- Department of Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
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16
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Kim YC, Lee SE, Kim SK, Jang HD, Hwang I, Jin S, Hong EB, Jang KS, Kim HS. Toll-like receptor mediated inflammation requires FASN-dependent MYD88 palmitoylation. Nat Chem Biol 2019; 15:907-916. [PMID: 31427815 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-019-0344-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Toll-like receptor (TLR)/myeloid differentiation primary response protein (MYD88) signaling aggravates sepsis by impairing neutrophil migration to infection sites. However, the role of intracellular fatty acids in TLR/MYD88 signaling is unclear. Here, inhibition of fatty acid synthase by C75 improved neutrophil chemotaxis and increased the survival of mice with sepsis in cecal ligation puncture and lipopolysaccharide-induced septic shock models. C75 specifically blocked TLR/MYD88 signaling in neutrophils. Treatment with GSK2194069 that targets a different domain of fatty acid synthase, did not block TLR signaling or MYD88 palmitoylation. De novo fatty acid synthesis and CD36-mediated exogenous fatty acid incorporation contributed to MYD88 palmitoylation. The binding of IRAK4 to the MYD88 intermediate domain and downstream signal activation required MYD88 palmitoylation at cysteine 113. MYD88 was palmitoylated by ZDHHC6, and ZDHHC6 knockdown decreased MYD88 palmitoylation and TLR/MYD88 activation upon lipopolysaccharide stimulus. Thus, intracellular saturated fatty acid-dependent palmitoylation of MYD88 by ZDHHC6 is a therapeutic target of sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Chan Kim
- Strategic Center of Cell & Bio Therapy, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.,Korea Research-Driven Hospital, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Eun Lee
- Cardiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Somi K Kim
- Strategic Center of Cell & Bio Therapy, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.,Korea Research-Driven Hospital, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun-Duk Jang
- Strategic Center of Cell & Bio Therapy, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.,Korea Research-Driven Hospital, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Injoo Hwang
- Strategic Center of Cell & Bio Therapy, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.,Korea Research-Driven Hospital, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sooryeonhwa Jin
- Strategic Center of Cell & Bio Therapy, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.,Korea Research-Driven Hospital, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun-Byeol Hong
- Strategic Center of Cell & Bio Therapy, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.,Korea Research-Driven Hospital, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyoung-Soon Jang
- Biomedical Omics Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Hyo-Soo Kim
- Strategic Center of Cell & Bio Therapy, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea. .,Korea Research-Driven Hospital, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea. .,Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea. .,World Class University Program, Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
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17
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The Establishment and Validation of the Human U937 Cell Line as a Cellular Model to Screen Immunomodulatory Agents Regulating Cytokine Release Induced by Influenza Virus Infection. Virol Sin 2019; 34:648-661. [PMID: 31286365 PMCID: PMC6889097 DOI: 10.1007/s12250-019-00145-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe influenza infections are often associated with the excessive induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines, which is also referred to as "cytokine storms". Several studies have shown that cytokine storms are directly associated with influenza-induced fatal acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Due to the narrow administration window, current antiviral therapies are often inadequate. The efforts to use immunomodulatory agents alone or in combination with antiviral agents in the treatment of influenza in animal models have resulted in the achievement of protective effects accompanied with reduced cytokine production. Currently, there are no immunomodulatory drugs for influenza available for clinical use. Animal models, despite being ideal to study the anti-inflammatory responses to influenza virus infection, are very costly and time-consuming. Therefore, there is an urgent need to establish fast and economical screening methods using cell-based models to screen and develop novel immunomodulatory agents. In this study, we screened seven human cell lines and found that the human monocytic cell U937 supports the replication of different subtypes of influenza viruses as well as the production of the important pro-inflammatory cytokines and was selected to develop the cell-based model. The U937 cell model was validated by testing a panel of known antiviral and immunomodulatory agents and screening a drug library consisting of 1280 compounds comprised mostly of FDA-approved drugs. We demonstrated that the U937 cell model is robust and suitable for the high-throughput screening of immunomodulators and antivirals against influenza infection.
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18
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Wen X, Xu X, Sun W, Chen K, Pan M, Wang JM, Bolland SM, Jin T. G-protein-coupled formyl peptide receptors play a dual role in neutrophil chemotaxis and bacterial phagocytosis. Mol Biol Cell 2018; 30:346-356. [PMID: 30540534 PMCID: PMC6589574 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e18-06-0358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A dogma of innate immunity is that neutrophils use G-protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs) for chemoattractant to chase bacteria through chemotaxis and then use phagocytic receptors coupled with tyrosine kinases to destroy opsonized bacteria via phagocytosis. Our current work showed that G-protein–coupled formyl peptide receptors (FPRs) directly mediate neutrophil phagocytosis. Mouse neutrophils lacking formyl peptide receptors (Fpr1/2–/–) are defective in the phagocytosis of Escherichia coli and the chemoattractant N-formyl-Met-Leu-Phe (fMLP)-coated beads. fMLP immobilized onto the surface of a bead interacts with FPRs, which trigger a Ca2+ response and induce actin polymerization to form a phagocytic cup for engulfment of the bead. This chemoattractant GPCR/Gi signaling works independently of phagocytic receptor/tyrosine kinase signaling to promote phagocytosis. Thus, in addition to phagocytic receptor-mediated phagocytosis, neutrophils also utilize the chemoattractant GPCR/Gi signaling to mediate phagocytosis to fight against invading bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Wen
- Chemotaxis Signal Section, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20852
| | - Xuehua Xu
- Chemotaxis Signal Section, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20852
| | - Wenxiang Sun
- Autoimmunity and Functional Genomics Section, Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20852
| | - Keqiang Chen
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Research Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702-1201
| | - Miao Pan
- Chemotaxis Signal Section, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20852
| | - Ji Ming Wang
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Research Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702-1201
| | - Silvia M Bolland
- Autoimmunity and Functional Genomics Section, Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20852
| | - Tian Jin
- Chemotaxis Signal Section, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20852
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19
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Kim HK, Bae MJ, Lim S, Lee W, Kim S. A Water-Soluble Extract from Actinidia arguta Ameliorates Psoriasis-Like Skin Inflammation in Mice by Inhibition of Neutrophil Infiltration. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10101399. [PMID: 30279326 PMCID: PMC6213123 DOI: 10.3390/nu10101399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disease with complex etiology involving multiple factors. Current treatment methods are highly limited and there is a strong need for the development of safer and efficacious agents. We have previously shown that a water-soluble extract derived from hardy kiwifruit Actinidia arguta, called PG102, shows potent anti-inflammatory effects. Based on its reported biological activities, the effects of PG102 were examined on imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like skin inflammation. Our results showed that topical application of PG102 ameliorates clinical symptoms of psoriasis, reducing skin thickness and Interleukin (IL)-17A level in draining lymph nodes without causing any adverse effects. Treatment with PG102 on cytokine-stimulated HaCaT cells suppressed hyperproliferation and downregulated the expression of various chemokines and antimicrobial peptides known to induce neutrophil infiltration. These anti-inflammatory activities of PG102 were mediated via inhibition of NF-κB and signal transducer of activation (STAT) signaling. We also found decreased neutrophil chemotaxis both in vitro and in vivo. Taken together, PG102 has potential as a safe and effective reagent for the treatment of psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Keun Kim
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea.
| | - Min Jung Bae
- ViroMed Co. Ltd., Building 203, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea.
| | - Seonung Lim
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea.
| | - Wonwoo Lee
- ViroMed Co. Ltd., Building 203, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea.
| | - Sunyoung Kim
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea.
- ViroMed Co. Ltd., Building 203, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea.
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20
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Monti M, De Rosa V, Iommelli F, Carriero MV, Terlizzi C, Camerlingo R, Belli S, Fonti R, Di Minno G, Del Vecchio S. Neutrophil Extracellular Traps as an Adhesion Substrate for Different Tumor Cells Expressing RGD-Binding Integrins. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19082350. [PMID: 30096958 PMCID: PMC6121671 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19082350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), in addition to their function as a host defense mechanism, play a relevant role in thrombus formation and metastatic dissemination of cancer cells. Here we screened different cancer cell lines endogenously expressing a variety of integrins for their ability to bind to NETs. To this end, we used NETs isolated from neutrophil-like cells as a substrate for adhesion assays of HT1080, U-87 MG, H1975, DU 145, PC-3 and A-431 cells. Levels of α5, αIIb, αv, β1, β3 and β5 chains were determined by western blot analysis in all cell lines and levels of whole integrins on the plasma membrane were assessed by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis. We found that high levels of α5β1, αvβ3 and αvβ5 enhance cell adhesion to NETs, whereas low expression of α5β1 prevents cell attachment to NETs. Excess of cyclic RGD peptide inhibited cell adhesion to NETs by competing with fibronectin within NETs. The maximal reduction of such adhesion was similar to that obtained by DNase 1 treatment causing DNA degradation. Our findings indicate that NETs from neutrophil-like cells may be used as a substrate for large screening of the adhesion properties of cancer cells expressing a variety of RGD-binding integrins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcello Monti
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Viviana De Rosa
- Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 80145 Naples, Italy.
| | - Francesca Iommelli
- Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 80145 Naples, Italy.
| | - Maria Vincenza Carriero
- Dipartimento di Oncologia Sperimentale, IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori "Fondazione G. Pascale", 80145 Naples, Italy.
| | - Cristina Terlizzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Avanzate, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Via S. Pansini 5, 80145 Naples, Italy.
| | - Rosa Camerlingo
- Dipartimento di Oncologia Sperimentale, IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori "Fondazione G. Pascale", 80145 Naples, Italy.
| | - Stefania Belli
- Istituto di Genetica e Biofisica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Rosa Fonti
- Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 80145 Naples, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Di Minno
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Silvana Del Vecchio
- Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 80145 Naples, Italy.
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Avanzate, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Via S. Pansini 5, 80145 Naples, Italy.
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21
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Melo-Gonzalez F, Fenton TM, Forss C, Smedley C, Goenka A, MacDonald AS, Thornton DJ, Travis MA. Intestinal mucin activates human dendritic cells and IL-8 production in a glycan-specific manner. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:8543-8553. [PMID: 29581231 PMCID: PMC5986209 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.789305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2017] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Cross-talk between different components of the intestinal barrier and the immune system may be important in maintaining gut homeostasis. A crucial part of the gut barrier is the mucus layer, a cross-linked gel on top of the intestinal epithelium that consists predominantly of the mucin glycoprotein MUC2. However, whether the mucin layer actively regulates intestinal immune cell responses is not clear. Because recent evidence suggests that intestinal dendritic cells (DCs) may be regulated by the mucus layer, we purified intestinal mucin, incubated it with human DCs, and determined the functional effects. Here we show that expression of the chemokine IL-8 and co-stimulatory DC markers CD86 and CD83 are significantly up-regulated on human DCs in the presence of intestinal mucins. Additionally, mucin-exposed DCs promoted neutrophil migration in an IL-8–dependent manner. The stimulatory effects of mucins on DCs were not due to mucin sample contaminants such as lipopolysaccharide, DNA, or contaminant proteins. Instead, mucin glycans are important for the pro-inflammatory effects on DCs. Thus, intestinal mucins are capable of inducing important pro-inflammatory functions in DCs, which could be important in driving inflammatory responses upon intestinal barrier damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Melo-Gonzalez
- From the Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research.,the Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, and.,the Manchester Immunology Group, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9NT, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas M Fenton
- From the Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research.,the Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, and.,the Manchester Immunology Group, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9NT, United Kingdom
| | - Cecilia Forss
- From the Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research.,the Manchester Immunology Group, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9NT, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine Smedley
- From the Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research.,the Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, and.,the Manchester Immunology Group, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9NT, United Kingdom
| | - Anu Goenka
- From the Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research.,the Manchester Immunology Group, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9NT, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew S MacDonald
- From the Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research.,the Manchester Immunology Group, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9NT, United Kingdom
| | - David J Thornton
- the Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, and .,the Manchester Immunology Group, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9NT, United Kingdom
| | - Mark A Travis
- From the Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, .,the Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, and.,the Manchester Immunology Group, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9NT, United Kingdom
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22
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Lee DS, Lee CM, Park SK, Yim MJ, Lee JM, Choi G, Yoo JS, Jung WK, Park S, Seo SK, Park WS, Choi IW. Anti-inhibitory potential of an ethanolic extract of Distromium decumbens on pro-inflammatory cytokine production in Pseudomonas aeruginosa lipopolysaccharide-stimulated nasal polyp-derived fibroblasts. Int J Mol Med 2017; 40:1950-1956. [PMID: 29039451 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.3182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine algae are rich sources of biologically active compounds that may present useful leads in the development of pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, and functional foods. The main aim of this study was to identify the possible anti-inflammatory effects of Distromium decumbens in nasal polyp-derived fibroblasts (NPDFs) and its associated mechanism of action. NPDFs were stimulated by Pseudomonas aeruginosa lipopolysaccharide (PA-LPS) and treated with an ethanolic extract of Distromium decumbens (DDE). The production of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-8 in the supernatant, the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) molecules [extracellular signal-related kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), c-Jun N-terminal kinase and p38 MAPK] and Akt, and the activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) were assayed in the PA-LPS-stimulated NPDFs untreated or treated with DDE. The expression levels of IL-6 and IL-8 in PA-LPS-exposed NPDFs were detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. The mechanisms by which DDE regulates cellular signaling cascades were investigated using electrophoretic mobility shift assays and western blot analysis. Functional validation was performed by measuring the inhibitory effects of DDE on neutrophil migration in vitro. DDE reduced the expression of IL-6 and IL-8 stimulated by PA-LPS in NPDFs. The activation of ERK1/2, Akt and NF-κB by PA-LPS was inhibited by DDE. Inhibitors of ERK1/2, Akt and NF-κB inhibited the expression of IL-6 and IL-8. In addition, DDE significantly attenuated PA-LPS-induced migration of differentiated HL-60 cells. The present findings suggest that DDE potently inhibits inflammation through the ERK1/2, Akt and NF-κB signaling pathways in NPDFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae-Sung Lee
- Department of Applied Research, National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, Seocheon 33662, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Min Lee
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Warren Alpert School of Medicine, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Seong Kook Park
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan Paik Hospital, Busan 47392, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Jin Yim
- Department of Applied Research, National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, Seocheon 33662, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Min Lee
- Department of Applied Research, National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, Seocheon 33662, Republic of Korea
| | - Grace Choi
- Department of Applied Research, National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, Seocheon 33662, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Su Yoo
- Department of Applied Research, National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, Seocheon 33662, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Kyo Jung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, and Center for Marine-Integrated Biomedical Technology (BK21 Plus), Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Saegwang Park
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan 47392, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Kil Seo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan 47392, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Sun Park
- Department of Physiology, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Il-Whan Choi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan 47392, Republic of Korea
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23
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Chang F, Kim JM, Choi Y, Park K. MTA promotes chemotaxis and chemokinesis of immune cells through distinct calcium-sensing receptor signaling pathways. Biomaterials 2017; 150:14-24. [PMID: 29028549 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) has been introduced as a choice material for regenerative dentistry. To date, the diverse biological activities of MTA, including its anti-inflammatory effects, have been extensively discussed. However, there is limited insight into the link between MTA and immune cell migration. In this study, we report the role of MTA in enhancing both chemotactic and chemokinetic immune cell migration through distinct signaling pathways. By using versatile live imaging techniques, we demonstrated that MTA-mediated CaSR activation induced diverse downstream pathways to govern cell migratory capacity. In this context, Cdc42 generates cytoskeleton-driven cellular protrusions to steer directional cell migration (chemotaxis) whereas Ca2+-calmodulin dependent myosin light chain kinase induces cell contractility that plays an important role in speeding up the average migration speed (chemokinesis). Our findings illuminate an unrecognized role for MTA and the related CaSR signaling network in immune cell migration, providing evidence that can drive development of novel approaches to immunological therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengjiao Chang
- Department of Physiology, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University and Dental Research Institute, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jin Man Kim
- Department of Physiology, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University and Dental Research Institute, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Youngnim Choi
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University and Dental Research Institute, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyungpyo Park
- Department of Physiology, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University and Dental Research Institute, Seoul, South Korea.
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24
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Hiwa R, Ohmura K, Arase N, Jin H, Hirayasu K, Kohyama M, Suenaga T, Saito F, Terao C, Atsumi T, Iwatani H, Mimori T, Arase H. Myeloperoxidase/HLA Class II Complexes Recognized by Autoantibodies in Microscopic Polyangiitis. Arthritis Rheumatol 2017; 69:2069-2080. [DOI: 10.1002/art.40170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Hiwa
- World Premier International Immunology Frontier Research Center and Osaka University, Suita, Japan, and Kyoto University; Kyoto Japan
| | | | | | - Hui Jin
- World Premier International Immunology Frontier Research Center and Osaka University; Suita Japan
| | - Kouyuki Hirayasu
- World Premier International Immunology Frontier Research Center; Suita Japan
| | - Masako Kohyama
- World Premier International Immunology Frontier Research Center and Osaka University; Suita Japan
| | - Tadahiro Suenaga
- World Premier International Immunology Frontier Research Center and Osaka University; Suita Japan
| | | | | | - Tatsuya Atsumi
- Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine; Sapporo Japan
| | | | | | - Hisashi Arase
- World Premier International Immunology Frontier Research Center and Osaka University; Suita Japan
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25
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Pan B, Alam HB, Chong W, Mobley J, Liu B, Deng Q, Liang Y, Wang Y, Chen E, Wang T, Tewari M, Li Y. CitH3: a reliable blood biomarker for diagnosis and treatment of endotoxic shock. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8972. [PMID: 28827548 PMCID: PMC5567134 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09337-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Current biomarkers for sepsis are limited by their non-specificity, short half-life, and insensitive response to therapy. Recently, we have demonstrated that citrullinated histone H3(CitH3) is released into the blood from neutrophil extracellular traps(NETs) in response to severe infection, and CitH3 may be a potential biomarker for sepsis. In the present study, we found that NET components were released in mouse models of both lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced shock (LPSS) and hemorrhagic shock (HS). To further quantify CitH3 in the NETs, we established a CitH3 specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Circulating CitH3 was found to be elevated only in LPSS but not in HS. Importantly, blood CitH3 was detected 30 minutes after LPS insult, and remained elevated for 24 hours (period of the highest mortality). Treatment of endotoxic mice with YW3-56, a peptidylarginine deiminase-2/4 inhibitor, significantly diminished levels of CitH3 in the blood. Interleukin-1β did not respond to LPS early, and interleukin-1β and interleukin-6 fluctuated although they responded to treatment. Procalcitonin reacted to LPS insult late. Compared to CitH3, these biomarkers were non-specifically induced in LPSS and HS. Collectively, our results demonstrate that YW3-56 protects animals from LPSS, and CitH3 is a reliable biomarker due to its early appearance, specificity, duration, and response to therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baihong Pan
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Hospital, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Hasan B Alam
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Hospital, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Wei Chong
- The First Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | | | - Baoling Liu
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Hospital, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Qiufang Deng
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Hospital, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Yinjian Liang
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Hospital, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,The First Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yanming Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Penn State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Eric Chen
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Hospital, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Tianbing Wang
- Department of Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Muneesh Tewari
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Yongqing Li
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Hospital, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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26
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EB1 contributes to proper front-to-back polarity in neutrophil-like HL-60 cells. Eur J Cell Biol 2017; 96:143-153. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2017.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Revised: 12/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
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27
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Monti M, Iommelli F, De Rosa V, Carriero MV, Miceli R, Camerlingo R, Di Minno G, Del Vecchio S. Integrin-dependent cell adhesion to neutrophil extracellular traps through engagement of fibronectin in neutrophil-like cells. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0171362. [PMID: 28166238 PMCID: PMC5293257 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0171362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), originally recognized as a host defense mechanism, were reported to promote thrombosis and metastatic dissemination of cancer cells. Here we tested the role of integrins α5β1 and ανβ3 in the adhesion of cancer cells to NETs. Neutrophil-like cells stimulated with calcium ionophore (A23187) were used as a stable source of cell-free NETs-enriched suspensions. Using NETs as an adhesion substrate, two human K562 cell lines, differentially expressing α5β1 and ανβ3 integrins, were subjected to adhesion assays in the presence or absence of DNAse 1, blocking antibodies against α5β1 or ανβ3, alone or in combination with DNAse 1, and Proteinase K. As expected DNAse 1 treatment strongly inhibited adhesion of both cell lines to NETs. An equivalent significant reduction of cell adhesion to NETs was obtained after treatment of cells with blocking antibodies against α5β1 or ανβ3 indicating that both integrins were able to mediate cell adhesion to NETs. Furthermore, the combination of DNAse 1 and anti-integrin antibody treatment almost completely blocked cell adhesion. Western blot analysis and immunoprecipitation experiments showed a dose-dependent increase of fibronectin levels in samples from stimulated neutrophil-like cells and a direct or indirect interaction of fibronectin with histone H3. Finally, co-immunolocalization studies with confocal microscopy showed that fibronectin and citrullinated histone H3 co-localize inside the web-structure of NETs. In conclusion, our study showed that α5β1 and ανβ3 integrins mediate cell adhesion to NETs by binding to their common substrate fibronectin. Therefore, in addition to mechanical trapping and aspecific adsorption of different cell types driven by DNA/histone complexes, NETs may provide specific binding sites for integrin-mediated cell adhesion of neutrophils, platelets, endothelial and cancer cells thus promoting intimate interactions among these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcello Monti
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Iommelli
- Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Naples, Italy
| | - Viviana De Rosa
- Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Vincenza Carriero
- Dipartimento di Oncologia Sperimentale, IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori “Fondazione G. Pascale”, Naples, Italy
| | - Roberta Miceli
- Dipartimento di Oncologia Sperimentale, IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori “Fondazione G. Pascale”, Naples, Italy
| | - Rosa Camerlingo
- Dipartimento di Oncologia Sperimentale, IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori “Fondazione G. Pascale”, Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Di Minno
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
| | - Silvana Del Vecchio
- Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Naples, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Avanzate, Università degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
- * E-mail:
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28
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Gera N, Swanson KD, Jin T. β-Arrestin 1-dependent regulation of Rap2 is required for fMLP-stimulated chemotaxis in neutrophil-like HL-60 cells. J Leukoc Biol 2016; 101:239-251. [PMID: 27493245 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.2a1215-572r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Revised: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
β-Arrestins have emerged as key regulators of cytoskeletal rearrangement that are required for directed cell migration. Whereas it is known that β-arrestins are required for formyl-Met-Leu-Phe receptor (FPR) recycling, less is known about their role in regulating FPR-mediated neutrophil chemotaxis. Here, we show that β-arrestin 1 (ArrB1) coaccumulated with F-actin within the leading edge of neutrophil-like HL-60 cells during chemotaxis, and its knockdown resulted in markedly reduced migration within fMLP gradients. The small GTPase Ras-related protein 2 (Rap2) was found to bind ArrB1 under resting conditions but dissociated upon fMLP stimulation. The FPR-dependent activation of Rap2 required ArrB1 but was independent of Gαi activity. Significantly, depletion of either ArrB1 or Rap2 resulted in reduced chemotaxis and defects in cellular repolarization within fMLP gradients. These data strongly suggest a model in which FPR is able to direct ArrB1 and other bound proteins that are required for lamellipodial extension to the leading edge in migrating neutrophils, thereby orientating and directing cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Gera
- Chemotaxis Signal Section, Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, USA; and
| | - Kenneth D Swanson
- Department of Neurology, Division of Neuro-Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Tian Jin
- Chemotaxis Signal Section, Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, USA; and
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29
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Shao S, Cao T, Jin L, Li B, Fang H, Zhang J, Zhang Y, Hu J, Wang G. Increased Lipocalin-2 Contributes to the Pathogenesis of Psoriasis by Modulating Neutrophil Chemotaxis and Cytokine Secretion. J Invest Dermatol 2016; 136:1418-1428. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2016.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Revised: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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30
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Wang Y, Xu X, Pan M, Jin T. ELMO1 Directly Interacts with Gβγ Subunit to Transduce GPCR Signaling to Rac1 Activation in Chemotaxis. J Cancer 2016; 7:973-83. [PMID: 27313788 PMCID: PMC4910590 DOI: 10.7150/jca.15118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Diverse chemokines bind to G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) to activate the small GTPase Rac to regulate F-actin dynamics during chemotaxis. ELMO and Dock proteins form complexes that function as guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) for Rac activation. However, the linkage between GPCR activation and the ELMO/Dock-mediated Rac activation is not fully understood. In the present study, we show that chemoattractants induce dynamic membrane translocation of ELMO1 in mammalian cells. ELMO1 plays an important role in GPCR-mediated chemotaxis. We also reveal that ELMO1 and Dock1 form a stable complex. Importantly, activation of chemokine GPCR promotes the interaction between ELMO1 and Gβγ. The ELMO1-Gβγ interaction is through the N-terminus of ELMO1 protein and is important for the membrane translocation of ELMO1. ELMO1 is required for Rac1 activation upon chemoattractant stimulation. Our results suggest that chemokine GPCR-mediated interaction between Gβγ and ELMO1/Dock1 complex might serve as an evolutionarily conserved mechanism for Rac activation to regulate actin cytoskeleton for chemotaxis of human cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youhong Wang
- Chemotaxis Signaling Section, Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health; Rockville, MD 20852, USA
| | - Xuehua Xu
- Chemotaxis Signaling Section, Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health; Rockville, MD 20852, USA
| | - Miao Pan
- Chemotaxis Signaling Section, Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health; Rockville, MD 20852, USA
| | - Tian Jin
- Chemotaxis Signaling Section, Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health; Rockville, MD 20852, USA
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31
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Directional memory arises from long-lived cytoskeletal asymmetries in polarized chemotactic cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:1267-72. [PMID: 26764383 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1513289113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotaxis, the directional migration of cells in a chemical gradient, is robust to fluctuations associated with low chemical concentrations and dynamically changing gradients as well as high saturating chemical concentrations. Although a number of reports have identified cellular behavior consistent with a directional memory that could account for behavior in these complex environments, the quantitative and molecular details of such a memory process remain unknown. Using microfluidics to confine cellular motion to a 1D channel and control chemoattractant exposure, we observed directional memory in chemotactic neutrophil-like cells. We modeled this directional memory as a long-lived intracellular asymmetry that decays slower than observed membrane phospholipid signaling. Measurements of intracellular dynamics revealed that moesin at the cell rear is a long-lived element that when inhibited, results in a reduction of memory. Inhibition of ROCK (Rho-associated protein kinase), downstream of RhoA (Ras homolog gene family, member A), stabilized moesin and directional memory while depolymerization of microtubules (MTs) disoriented moesin deposition and also reduced directional memory. Our study reveals that long-lived polarized cytoskeletal structures, specifically moesin, actomyosin, and MTs, provide a directional memory in neutrophil-like cells even as they respond on short time scales to external chemical cues.
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32
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Yang H, Zhao P, Tian S. Clopidogrel Protects Endothelium by Hindering TNFα-Induced VCAM-1 Expression through CaMKKβ/AMPK/Nrf2 Pathway. J Diabetes Res 2016; 2016:9128050. [PMID: 26824050 PMCID: PMC4707324 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9128050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2015] [Revised: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Clopidogrel (INN), an oral antiplatelet drug, has been revealed to have a number of biological properties, for instance, anti-inflammation and antioxidation. Oxidative stress plays an imperative role in inflammation, diabetes mellitus, atherosclerosis, and cancer. In the present study, human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) were employed to explore the anti-inflammatory activity of INN. INN reduced TNFα-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and time-dependently prompted the expression and activity of heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1). Cellular glutathione (GSH) levels were augmented by INN. shHO-1 blocked the INN suppression of TNFα-induced HL-60 cell adhesion. The CaMKKβ/AMPK pathway and Nrf2 transcriptional factor were implicated in the induction of HO-1 by INN. Additionally, TNFα dramatically augmented VCAM-1 expression at protein and mRNA levels. INN treatment strikingly repressed TNFα-induced expression of VCAM-1 and HL-60 cell adhesion. Compound C, an AMPK inhibitor, and shNrf2 abolished TNFα-induced expression of VCAM-1 and HL-60 cell adhesion. Our data suggest that INN diminishes TNFα-stimulated VCAM-1 expression at least in part via HO-1 induction, which is CaMKKβ/AMPK pathway-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huabing Yang
- School of Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, China
- Department of Medicine and Harold Hamm Oklahoma Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Pengjun Zhao
- Pediatric Heart Center, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shiliu Tian
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
- *Shiliu Tian:
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33
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Xu X, Gera N, Li H, Yun M, Zhang L, Wang Y, Wang QJ, Jin T. GPCR-mediated PLCβγ/PKCβ/PKD signaling pathway regulates the cofilin phosphatase slingshot 2 in neutrophil chemotaxis. Mol Biol Cell 2015; 26:874-86. [PMID: 25568344 PMCID: PMC4342024 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e14-05-0982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotaxis requires precisely coordinated polymerization and depolymerization of the actin cytoskeleton at leading fronts of migrating cells. However, GPCR activation-controlled F-actin depolymerization remains largely elusive. Here, we reveal a novel signaling pathway, including Gαi, PLC, PKCβ, protein kinase D (PKD), and SSH2, in control of cofilin phosphorylation and actin cytoskeletal reorganization, which is essential for neutrophil chemotaxis. We show that PKD is essential for neutrophil chemotaxis and that GPCR-mediated PKD activation depends on PLC/PKC signaling. More importantly, we discover that GPCR activation recruits/activates PLCγ2 in a PI3K-dependent manner. We further verify that PKCβ specifically interacts with PKD1 and is required for chemotaxis. Finally, we identify slingshot 2 (SSH2), a phosphatase of cofilin (actin depolymerization factor), as a target of PKD1 that regulates cofilin phosphorylation and remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton during neutrophil chemotaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuehua Xu
- Chemotaxis Signaling Section, Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20852
| | - Nidhi Gera
- Chemotaxis Signaling Section, Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20852
| | - Hongyan Li
- Chemotaxis Signaling Section, Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20852 Center of Therapeutic Research for Hepatocellular Carcinoma, 302 Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Michelle Yun
- Chemotaxis Signaling Section, Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20852
| | - Liyong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Youhong Wang
- Chemotaxis Signaling Section, Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20852
| | - Q Jane Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Tian Jin
- Chemotaxis Signaling Section, Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20852
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34
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Wood MP, Cole AL, Eade CR, Chen LM, Chai KX, Cole AM. The HIV-1 gp41 ectodomain is cleaved by matriptase to produce a chemotactic peptide that acts through FPR2. Immunology 2014; 142:474-83. [PMID: 24617769 PMCID: PMC4080963 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2013] [Revised: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Several aspects of HIV-1 virulence and pathogenesis are mediated by the envelope protein gp41. Additionally, peptides derived from the gp41 ectodomain have been shown to induce chemotaxis in monocytes and neutrophils. Whereas this chemotactic activity has been reported, it is not known how these peptides could be produced under biological conditions. The heptad repeat 1 (HR1) region of gp41 is exposed to the extracellular environment and could therefore be susceptible to proteolytic processing into smaller peptides. Matriptase is a serine protease expressed at the surface of most epithelia, including the prostate and mucosal surfaces. Here, we present evidence that matriptase efficiently cleaves the HR1 portion of gp41 into a 22-residue chemotactic peptide MAT-1, the sequence of which is highly conserved across HIV-1 clades. We found that MAT-1 induced migration of primary neutrophils and monocytes, the latter of which act as a cellular reservoir of HIV during early stage infection. We then used formyl peptide receptor 1 (FPR1) and FPR2 inhibitors, along with HEK 293 cells, to demonstrate that MAT-1 can induce chemotaxis specifically using FPR2, a receptor found on the surface of monocytes, macrophages and neutrophils. These findings are the first to identify a proteolytic cleavage product of gp41 with chemotactic activity and highlight a potential role for matriptase in HIV-1 transmission and infection at epithelial surfaces and within tissue reservoirs of HIV-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew P Wood
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, FL, USA
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35
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Martínez-Zárate AD, Martínez-Vieyra I, Alonso-Rangel L, Cisneros B, Winder SJ, Cerecedo D. Dystroglycan depletion inhibits the functions of differentiated HL-60 cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 448:274-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.04.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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36
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Tyurin VA, Balasubramanian K, Winnica D, Tyurina YY, Vikulina AS, He RR, Kapralov AA, Macphee CH, Kagan VE. Oxidatively modified phosphatidylserines on the surface of apoptotic cells are essential phagocytic 'eat-me' signals: cleavage and inhibition of phagocytosis by Lp-PLA2. Cell Death Differ 2014; 21:825-35. [PMID: 24464221 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2014.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Revised: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 12/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Diversified anionic phospholipids, phosphatidylserines (PS), externalized to the surface of apoptotic cells are universal phagocytic signals. However, the role of major PS metabolites, such as peroxidized species of PS (PSox) and lyso-PS, in the clearance of apoptotic cells has not been rigorously evaluated. Here, we demonstrate that H2O2 was equally effective in inducing apoptosis and externalization of PS in naive HL60 cells and in cells enriched with oxidizable polyunsaturated species of PS (supplemented with linoleic acid (LA)). Despite this, the uptake of LA-supplemented cells by RAW264.7 and THP-1 macrophages was more than an order of magnitude more effective than that of naive cells. A similar stimulation of phagocytosis was observed with LA-enriched HL60 cells and Jurkat cells triggered to apoptosis with staurosporine. This was due to the presence of PSox on the surface of apoptotic LA-supplemented cells (but not of naive cells). This enhanced phagocytosis was dependent on activation of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway, as no stimulation of phagocytosis occurred in LA-enriched cells challenged with Fas antibody. Incubation of apoptotic cells with lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2), a secreted enzyme with high specificity towards PSox, hydrolyzed peroxidized PS species in LA-supplemented cells resulting in the suppression of phagocytosis to the levels observed for naive cells. This suppression of phagocytosis by Lp-PLA2 was blocked by a selective inhibitor of Lp-PLA2, SB-435495. Screening of possible receptor candidates revealed the ability of several PS receptors and bridging proteins to recognize both PS and PSox, albeit with diverse selectivity. We conclude that PSox is an effective phagocytic 'eat-me' signal that participates in the engulfment of cells undergoing intrinsic apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- V A Tyurin
- 1] Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA [2] Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - K Balasubramanian
- 1] Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA [2] Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - D Winnica
- 1] Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA [2] Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Y Y Tyurina
- 1] Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA [2] Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - A S Vikulina
- 1] Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA [2] Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA [3] Department of Biophysics, MV Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - R R He
- 1] Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA [2] Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA [3] Pharmacy College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - A A Kapralov
- 1] Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA [2] Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - V E Kagan
- 1] Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA [2] Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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37
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Stroka KM, Konstantopoulos K. Physical biology in cancer. 4. Physical cues guide tumor cell adhesion and migration. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2014; 306:C98-C109. [PMID: 24133064 PMCID: PMC3919991 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00289.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2013] [Accepted: 10/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
As tumor cells metastasize from the primary tumor location to a distant secondary site, they encounter an array of biologically and physically heterogeneous microenvironments. While it is well established that biochemical signals guide all stages of the metastatic cascade, mounting evidence indicates that physical cues also direct tumor cell behavior, including adhesion and migration phenotypes. Physical cues acting on tumor cells in vivo include extracellular matrix mechanical properties, dimensionality, and topography, as well as interstitial flow, hydrodynamic shear stresses, and local forces due to neighboring cells. State-of-the-art technologies have recently enabled us and other researchers to engineer cell microenvironments that mimic specific physical properties of the cellular milieu. Through integration of these engineering strategies, along with physics, molecular biology, and imaging techniques, we have acquired new insights into tumor cell adhesion and migration mechanisms. In this review, we focus on the extravasation and invasion stages of the metastatic cascade. We first discuss the physical role of the endothelium during tumor cell extravasation and invasion and how contractility of endothelial and tumor cells contributes to the ability of tumor cells to exit the vasculature. Next, we examine how matrix dimensionality and stiffness coregulate tumor cell adhesion and migration beyond the vasculature. Finally, we summarize how tumor cells translate and respond to physical cues through mechanotransduction. Because of the critical role of tumor cell mechanotransduction at various stages of the metastatic cascade, targeting signaling pathways involved in tumor cell mechanosensing of physical stimuli may prove to be an effective therapeutic strategy for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly M Stroka
- Johns Hopkins Institute for NanoBioTechnology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
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38
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Dixon AR, Rajan S, Kuo CH, Bersano T, Wold R, Futai N, Takayama S, Mehta G. Microfluidic device capable of medium recirculation for non-adherent cell culture. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2014; 8:016503. [PMID: 24753733 PMCID: PMC3977789 DOI: 10.1063/1.4865855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2013] [Accepted: 02/04/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We present a microfluidic device designed for maintenance and culture of non-adherent mammalian cells, which enables both recirculation and refreshing of medium, as well as easy harvesting of cells from the device. We demonstrate fabrication of a novel microfluidic device utilizing Braille perfusion for peristaltic fluid flow to enable switching between recirculation and refresh flow modes. Utilizing fluid flow simulations and the human promyelocytic leukemia cell line, HL-60, non-adherent cells, we demonstrate the utility of this RECIR-REFRESH device. With computer simulations, we profiled fluid flow and concentration gradients of autocrine factors and found that the geometry of the cell culture well plays a key role in cell entrapping and retaining autocrine and soluble factors. We subjected HL-60 cells, in the device, to a treatment regimen of 1.25% dimethylsulfoxide, every other day, to provoke differentiation and measured subsequent expression of CD11b on day 2 and day 4 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) on day 4. Our findings display perfusion sensitive CD11b expression, but not TNF-α build-up, by day 4 of culture, with a 1:1 ratio of recirculation to refresh flow yielding the greatest increase in CD11b levels. RECIR-REFRESH facilitates programmable levels of cell differentiation in a HL-60 non-adherent cell population and can be expanded to other types of non-adherent cells such as hematopoietic stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela R Dixon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Shrinidhi Rajan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Chuan-Hsien Kuo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA ; Mobility and Thermal Management Department, General Dynamics Land Systems, Sterling Heights, Michigan 48310, USA
| | - Tom Bersano
- Google, Inc., 1600 Amphitheatre Parkway Mountain View, California 94043, USA ; University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Rachel Wold
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Nobuyuki Futai
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Shibaura Institute of Technology, 3-5-1 Toyosu, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-8548, Japan
| | - Shuichi Takayama
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA ; Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Geeta Mehta
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA ; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
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39
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Park DW, Jiang S, Tadie JM, Stigler WS, Gao Y, Deshane J, Abraham E, Zmijewski JW. Activation of AMPK enhances neutrophil chemotaxis and bacterial killing. Mol Med 2013; 19:387-98. [PMID: 24091934 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2013.00065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2013] [Accepted: 09/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
An inability of neutrophils to eliminate invading microorganisms is frequently associated with severe infection and may contribute to the high mortality rates associated with sepsis. In the present studies, we examined whether metformin and other 5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activators affect neutrophil motility, phagocytosis and bacterial killing. We found that activation of AMPK enhanced neutrophil chemotaxis in vitro and in vivo, and also counteracted the inhibition of chemotaxis induced by exposure of neutrophils to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). In contrast, small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated knockdown of AMPKα1 or blockade of AMPK activation through treatment of neutrophils with the AMPK inhibitor compound C diminished neutrophil chemotaxis. In addition to their effects on chemotaxis, treatment of neutrophils with metformin or aminoimidazole carboxamide ribonucleotide (AICAR) improved phagocytosis and bacterial killing, including more efficient eradication of bacteria in a mouse model of peritonitis-induced sepsis. Immunocytochemistry showed that, in contrast to LPS, metformin or AICAR induced robust actin polymerization and distinct formation of neutrophil leading edges. Although LPS diminished AMPK phosphorylation, metformin or AICAR was able to partially decrease the effects of LPS/toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) engagement on downstream signaling events, particularly LPS-induced IκBα degradation. The IκB kinase (IKK) inhibitor PS-1145 diminished IκBα degradation and also prevented LPS-induced inhibition of chemotaxis. These results suggest that AMPK activation with clinically approved agents, such as metformin, may facilitate bacterial eradication in sepsis and other inflammatory conditions associated with inhibition of neutrophil activation and chemotaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae Won Park
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America Division of Infectious Diseases, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - Shaoning Jiang
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Jean-Marc Tadie
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Réanimation Médicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Rennes, France
| | - William S Stigler
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Yong Gao
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Jessy Deshane
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Edward Abraham
- Office of the Dean, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Jaroslaw W Zmijewski
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
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40
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Dandekar SN, Park JS, Peng GE, Onuffer JJ, Lim WA, Weiner OD. Actin dynamics rapidly reset chemoattractant receptor sensitivity following adaptation in neutrophils. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2013; 368:20130008. [PMID: 24062580 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2013.0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are cells of the innate immune system that hunt and kill pathogens using directed migration. This process, known as chemotaxis, requires the regulation of actin polymerization downstream of chemoattractant receptors. Reciprocal interactions between actin and intracellular signals are thought to underlie many of the sophisticated signal processing capabilities of the chemotactic cascade including adaptation, amplification and long-range inhibition. However, with existing tools, it has been difficult to discern actin's role in these processes. Most studies investigating the role of the actin cytoskeleton have primarily relied on actin-depolymerizing agents, which not only block new actin polymerization but also destroy the existing cytoskeleton. We recently developed a combination of pharmacological inhibitors that stabilizes the existing actin cytoskeleton by inhibiting actin polymerization, depolymerization and myosin-based rearrangements; we refer to these processes collectively as actin dynamics. Here, we investigated how actin dynamics influence multiple signalling responses (PI3K lipid products, calcium and Pak phosphorylation) following acute agonist addition or during desensitization. We find that stabilized actin polymer extends the period of receptor desensitization following agonist binding and that actin dynamics rapidly reset receptors from this desensitized state. Spatial differences in actin dynamics may underlie front/back differences in agonist sensitivity in neutrophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheel N Dandekar
- Department of Biophysics, Genentech Hall, University of California, , 600 16th Street, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
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41
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Chen L, Vicente-Manzanares M, Potvin-Trottier L, Wiseman PW, Horwitz AR. The integrin-ligand interaction regulates adhesion and migration through a molecular clutch. PLoS One 2012; 7:e40202. [PMID: 22792239 PMCID: PMC3391238 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0040202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2012] [Accepted: 06/04/2012] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Adhesive and migratory behavior can be cell type, integrin, and substrate dependent. We have compared integrin and substrate differences using three integrin receptors: α5β1, α6β1, and αLβ2 expressed in a common cell type, CHO.B2 cells, which lack integrin α subunits, as well as in different cell types that express one or more of these integrins. We find that CHO.B2 cells expressing either α6β1 or αLβ2 integrins migrate and protrude faster and are more directionally persistent on laminin or ICAM-1, respectively, than CHO.B2 cells expressing α5β1 on fibronectin. Despite rapid adhesion maturation and the presence of large adhesions in both the α6β1- and αLβ2-expressing cells, they display robust tyrosine phosphorylation. In addition, whereas myosin II regulates adhesion maturation and turnover, protrusion rates, and polarity in cells migrating on fibronectin, surprisingly, it does not have comparable effects in cells expressing α6β1 or αLβ2. This apparent difference in the integration of myosin II activity, adhesion, and migration arises from alterations in the ligand-integrin-actin linkage (molecular clutch). The elongated adhesions in the protrusions of the α6β1-expressing cells on laminin or the αLβ2-expressing cells on ICAM-1 display a novel, rapid retrograde flux of integrin; this was largely absent in the large adhesions in protrusions of α5β1-expressing cells on fibronectin. Furthermore, the force these adhesions exert on the substrate in protrusive regions is reduced compared to similar regions in α5-expressing cells, and the adhesion strength is reduced. This suggests that intracellular forces are not efficiently transferred from actomyosin to the substratum due to altered adhesion strength, that is, avidity, affinity, or the ligand-integrin-actin interaction. Finally, we show that the migration of fast migrating leukocytes on fibronectin or ICAM-1 is also largely independent of myosin II; however, their adhesions are small and do not show retrograde fluxing suggesting other intrinsic factors determine their migration differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingfeng Chen
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Miguel Vicente-Manzanares
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
- School of Medicine at the Hospital de la Princesa, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Paul W. Wiseman
- Department of Physics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Alan Rick Horwitz
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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