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Jaiswal P, Meena NP, Chang FS, Liao XH, Kim L, Kimmel AR. An integrated, cross-regulation pathway model involving activating/adaptive and feed-forward/feed-back loops for directed oscillatory cAMP signal-relay/response during the development of Dictyostelium. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 11:1263316. [PMID: 38357530 PMCID: PMC10865387 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1263316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Self-organized and excitable signaling activities play important roles in a wide range of cellular functions in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. Cells require signaling networks to communicate amongst themselves, but also for response to environmental cues. Such signals involve complex spatial and temporal loops that may propagate as oscillations or waves. When Dictyostelium become starved for nutrients, cells within a localized space begin to secrete cAMP. Starved cells also become chemotactic to cAMP. cAMP signals propagate as outwardly moving waves that oscillate at ∼6 min intervals, which creates a focused territorial region for centralized cell aggregation. Proximal cells move inwardly toward the cAMP source and relay cAMP outwardly to recruit additional cells. To ensure directed inward movement and outward cAMP relay, cells go through adapted and de-adapted states for both cAMP synthesis/degradation and for directional cell movement. Although many immediate components that regulate cAMP signaling (including receptors, G proteins, an adenylyl cyclase, phosphodiesterases, and protein kinases) are known, others are only inferred. Here, using biochemical experiments coupled with gene inactivation studies, we model an integrated large, multi-component kinetic pathway involving activation, inactivation (adaptation), re-activation (re-sensitization), feed-forward, and feed-back controls to generate developmental cAMP oscillations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pundrik Jaiswal
- Laboratory of Cellular and Developmental Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, The National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Netra Pal Meena
- Laboratory of Cellular and Developmental Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, The National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Fu-Sheng Chang
- Laboratory of Cellular and Developmental Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, The National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Xin-Hua Liao
- Laboratory of Cellular and Developmental Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, The National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Lou Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Alan R. Kimmel
- Laboratory of Cellular and Developmental Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, The National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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Wang W, Chen S, Das S, Losert W, Parent CA. Adenylyl cyclase A mRNA localized at the back of cells is actively translated in live chemotaxing Dictyostelium. J Cell Sci 2018; 131:jcs.216176. [PMID: 29618632 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.216176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Dictyostelium discoideum cells transport adenylyl cyclase A (ACA)-containing vesicles to the back of polarized cells to relay exogenous cAMP signals during chemotaxis. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) experiments showed that ACA mRNA is also asymmetrically distributed at the back of polarized cells. By using the MS2 bacteriophage system, we now visualize the distribution of ACA mRNA in live chemotaxing cells. We found that the ACA mRNA localization is not dependent on the translation of the protein product and requires multiple cis-acting elements within the ACA-coding sequence. We show that ACA mRNA is associated with actively translating ribosomes and is transported along microtubules towards the back of cells. By monitoring the recovery of ACA-YFP after photobleaching, we observed that local translation of ACA-YFP occurs at the back of cells. These data represent a novel functional role for localized translation in the relay of chemotactic signals during chemotaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiye Wang
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Song Chen
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.,Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Satarupa Das
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.,Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Wolfgang Losert
- Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Carole A Parent
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA .,Department of Pharmacology, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.,Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
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Das S, Parker JM, Guven C, Wang W, Kriebel PW, Losert W, Larson DR, Parent CA. Adenylyl cyclase mRNA localizes to the posterior of polarized DICTYOSTELIUM cells during chemotaxis. BMC Cell Biol 2017; 18:23. [PMID: 28545392 PMCID: PMC5445419 DOI: 10.1186/s12860-017-0139-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Dictyostelium discoideum, vesicular transport of the adenylyl cyclase A (ACA) to the posterior of polarized cells is essential to relay exogenous 3',5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) signals during chemotaxis and for the collective migration of cells in head-to-tail arrangements called streams. RESULTS Using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), we discovered that the ACA mRNA is asymmetrically distributed at the posterior of polarized cells. Using both standard estimators and Monte Carlo simulation methods, we found that the ACA mRNA enrichment depends on the position of the cell within a stream, with the posterior localization of ACA mRNA being strongest for cells at the end of a stream. By monitoring the recovery of ACA-YFP after cycloheximide (CHX) treatment, we observed that ACA mRNA and newly synthesized ACA-YFP first emerge as fluorescent punctae that later accumulate to the posterior of cells. We also found that the ACA mRNA localization requires 3' ACA cis-acting elements. CONCLUSIONS Together, our findings suggest that the asymmetric distribution of ACA mRNA allows the local translation and accumulation of ACA protein at the posterior of cells. These data represent a novel functional role for localized translation in the relay of chemotactic signal during chemotaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satarupa Das
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, 37 Convent Drive, Bldg.37/Rm2066, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892-4256, USA.,Institute for Physical Science and Technology, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Joshua M Parker
- Institute for Physical Science and Technology, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Can Guven
- Institute for Physical Science and Technology, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Weiye Wang
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, 37 Convent Drive, Bldg.37/Rm2066, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892-4256, USA
| | - Paul W Kriebel
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, 37 Convent Drive, Bldg.37/Rm2066, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892-4256, USA
| | - Wolfgang Losert
- Institute for Physical Science and Technology, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Daniel R Larson
- Laboratory of Receptor Biology and Gene Expression, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Carole A Parent
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, 37 Convent Drive, Bldg.37/Rm2066, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892-4256, USA. .,Institute for Physical Science and Technology, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA.
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Bretschneider T, Othmer HG, Weijer CJ. Progress and perspectives in signal transduction, actin dynamics, and movement at the cell and tissue level: lessons from Dictyostelium. Interface Focus 2016; 6:20160047. [PMID: 27708767 DOI: 10.1098/rsfs.2016.0047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Movement of cells and tissues is a basic biological process that is used in development, wound repair, the immune response to bacterial invasion, tumour formation and metastasis, and the search for food and mates. While some cell movement is random, directed movement stimulated by extracellular signals is our focus here. This involves a sequence of steps in which cells first detect extracellular chemical and/or mechanical signals via membrane receptors that activate signal transduction cascades and produce intracellular signals. These intracellular signals control the motile machinery of the cell and thereby determine the spatial localization of the sites of force generation needed to produce directed motion. Understanding how force generation within cells and mechanical interactions with their surroundings, including other cells, are controlled in space and time to produce cell-level movement is a major challenge, and involves many issues that are amenable to mathematical modelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Till Bretschneider
- Warwick Systems Biology Centre , University of Warwick , Coventry CV4 7AL , UK
| | - Hans G Othmer
- School of Mathematics , University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, MN 55455 , USA
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Sultana H, Neelakanta G, Rivero F, Blau-Wasser R, Schleicher M, Noegel AA. Ectopic expression of cyclase associated protein CAP restores the streaming and aggregation defects of adenylyl cyclase a deficient Dictyostelium discoideum cells. BMC DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2012; 12:3. [PMID: 22239817 PMCID: PMC3316131 DOI: 10.1186/1471-213x-12-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2011] [Accepted: 01/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Background Cell adhesion, an integral part of D. discoideum development, is important for morphogenesis and regulated gene expression in the multicellular context and is required to trigger cell-differentiation. G-protein linked adenylyl cyclase pathways are crucially involved and a mutant lacking the aggregation specific adenylyl cyclase ACA does not undergo multicellular development. Results Here, we have investigated the role of cyclase-associated protein (CAP), an important regulator of cell polarity and F-actin/G-actin ratio in the aca- mutant. We show that ectopic expression of GFP-CAP improves cell polarization, streaming and aggregation in aca- cells, but it fails to completely restore development. Our studies indicate a requirement of CAP in the ACA dependent signal transduction for progression of the development of unicellular amoebae into multicellular structures. The reduced expression of the cell adhesion molecule DdCAD1 together with csA is responsible for the defects in aca- cells to initiate multicellular development. Early development was restored by the expression of GFP-CAP that enhanced the DdCAD1 transcript levels and to a lesser extent the csA mRNA levels. Conclusions Collectively, our data shows a novel role of CAP in regulating cell adhesion mechanisms during development that might be envisioned to unravel the functions of mammalian CAP during animal embryogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hameeda Sultana
- Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, 50931 Köln, Germany.
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Cai H, Das S, Kamimura Y, Long Y, Parent CA, Devreotes PN. Ras-mediated activation of the TORC2-PKB pathway is critical for chemotaxis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 190:233-45. [PMID: 20660630 PMCID: PMC2930282 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201001129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
RasC controls the spatial and temporal activity of TORC2 to regulate directional cell migration. In chemotactic cells, G protein–coupled receptors activate Ras proteins, but it is unclear how Ras-associated pathways link extracellular signaling to cell migration. We show that, in Dictyostelium discoideum, activated forms of RasC prolong the time course of TORC2 (target of rapamycin [Tor] complex 2)-mediated activation of a myristoylated protein kinase B (PKB; PKBR1) and the phosphorylation of PKB substrates, independently of phosphatidylinositol-(3,4,5)-trisphosphate. Paralleling these changes, the kinetics of chemoattractant-induced adenylyl cyclase activation and actin polymerization are extended, pseudopodial activity is increased and mislocalized, and chemotaxis is impaired. The effects of activated RasC are suppressed by deletion of the TORC2 subunit PiaA. In vitro RasCQ62L-dependent PKB phosphorylation can be rapidly initiated by the addition of a PiaA-associated immunocomplex to membranes of TORC2-deficient cells and blocked by TOR-specific inhibitor PP242. Furthermore, TORC2 binds specifically to the activated form of RasC. These results demonstrate that RasC is an upstream regulator of TORC2 and that the TORC2–PKB signaling mediates effects of activated Ras proteins on the cytoskeleton and cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaqing Cai
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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Shu S, Liu X, Kriebel PW, Hong MS, Daniels MP, Parent CA, Korn ED. Expression of Y53A-actin in Dictyostelium disrupts the cytoskeleton and inhibits intracellular and intercellular chemotactic signaling. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:27713-25. [PMID: 20610381 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.116277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
We showed previously that phosphorylation of Tyr(53), or its mutation to Ala, inhibits actin polymerization in vitro with formation of aggregates of short filaments, and that expression of Y53A-actin in Dictyostelium blocks differentiation and development at the mound stage (Liu, X., Shu, S., Hong, M. S., Levine, R. L., and Korn, E. D. (2006) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 103, 13694-13699; Liu, X., Shu, S., Hong, M. S., Yu, B., and Korn, E. D. (2010) J. Biol. Chem. 285, 9729-9739). We now show that expression of Y53A-actin, which does not affect cell growth, phagocytosis, or pinocytosis, inhibits the formation of head-to-tail cell streams during cAMP-induced aggregation, although individual amoebae chemotax normally. We show that expression of Y53A-actin causes a 50% reduction of cell surface cAMP receptors, and inhibits cAMP-induced increases in adenylyl cyclase A activity, phosphorylation of ERK2, and actin polymerization. Trafficking of vesicles containing adenylyl cyclase A to the rear of the cell and secretion of the ACA vesicles are also inhibited. The actin cytoskeleton of cells expressing Y53A-actin is characterized by numerous short filaments, and bundled and aggregated filaments similar to the structures formed by copolymerization of purified Y53A-actin and wild-type actin in vitro. This disorganized actin cytoskeleton may be responsible for the inhibition of intracellular and intercellular cAMP signaling in cells expressing F-Y53A-actin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Shu
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, NHLBI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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Frondorf K, Henkels KM, Frohman MA, Gomez-Cambronero J. Phosphatidic acid is a leukocyte chemoattractant that acts through S6 kinase signaling. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:15837-47. [PMID: 20304930 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.070524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphatidic acid (PA) is a pleiotropic lipid second messenger in mammalian cells. We report here that extracellular PA acts as a leukocyte chemoattractant, as membrane-soluble dioleoyl-PA (DOPA) elicits actin polymerization and chemotaxis of human neutrophils and differentiated proleukemic HL-60 cells. We show that the mechanism for this involves the S6 kinase (S6K) signaling enzyme. Chemotaxis was inhibited >90% by the S6K inhibitors rapamycin and bisindolylmaleimide and by S6K1 silencing using double-stranded RNA. However, it was only moderately ( approximately 30%) inhibited by mTOR siRNA, indicating the presence of an mTOR-independent mechanism for S6K. Exogenous PA led to robust time- and dose-dependent increases in S6K enzymatic activity and Thr(421)/Ser(424) phosphorylation, further supporting a PA/S6K connection. We also investigated whether intracellular PA production affects cell migration. Overexpression of phospholipase D2 (PLD2) and, to a lesser extent, PLD1, resulted in elevation of both S6K activity and chemokinesis, whereas PLD silencing was inhibitory. Because the lipase-inactive PLD2 mutants K444R and K758R neither activated S6K nor induced chemotaxis, intracellular PA is needed for this form of cell migration. Lastly, we demonstrated a connection between extracellular and intracellular PA. Using an enhanced green fluorescent protein-derived PA sensor (pEGFP-Spo20PABD), we showed that exogenous PA or PA generated in situ by bacterial (Streptomyces chromofuscus) PLD enters the cell and accumulates in vesicle-like cytoplasmic structures. In summary, we report the discovery of PA as a leukocyte chemoattractant via cell entry and activation of S6K to mediate the cytoskeletal actin polymerization and leukocyte chemotaxis required for the immune function of these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen Frondorf
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Wright State University School of Medicine, Dayton, Ohio 45435, USA
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