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Han X, Gross RW. The foundations and development of lipidomics. J Lipid Res 2022; 63:100164. [PMID: 34953866 PMCID: PMC8953652 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2021.100164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
For over a century, the importance of lipid metabolism in biology was recognized but difficult to mechanistically understand due to the lack of sensitive and robust technologies for identification and quantification of lipid molecular species. The enabling technological breakthroughs emerged in the 1980s with the development of soft ionization methods (Electrospray Ionization and Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization) that could identify and quantify intact individual lipid molecular species. These soft ionization technologies laid the foundations for what was to be later named the field of lipidomics. Further innovative advances in multistage fragmentation, dramatic improvements in resolution and mass accuracy, and multiplexed sample analysis fueled the early growth of lipidomics through the early 1990s. The field exponentially grew through the use of a variety of strategic approaches, which included direct infusion, chromatographic separation, and charge-switch derivatization, which facilitated access to the low abundance species of the lipidome. In this Thematic Review, we provide a broad perspective of the foundations, enabling advances, and predicted future directions of growth of the lipidomics field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianlin Han
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA; Departments of Medicine - Diabetes, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.
| | - Richard W Gross
- Division of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
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Mauger M, Ferreri C, Chatgilialoglu C, Seemann M. The bacterial protective armor against stress: The cis-trans isomerase of unsaturated fatty acids, a cytochrome-c type enzyme. J Inorg Biochem 2021; 224:111564. [PMID: 34418715 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Bacteria have evolved several outstanding strategies to resist to compounds or factors that compromise their survival. The first line of defense of the cell against environmental stresses is the membrane with fatty acids as fundamental building blocks of phospholipids. In this review, we focus on a periplasmic heme enzyme that catalyzes the cis-trans isomerization of unsaturated fatty acids to trigger a decrease in the fluidity of the membrane in order to rapidly counteract the danger. We particularly detailed the occurrence of such cis-trans isomerase in Nature, the different stresses that are at the origin of the double bond isomerization, the first steps in the elucidation of the mechanism of this peculiar metalloenzyme and some aspects of its regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mickaël Mauger
- Equipe Chimie Biologique et Applications Thérapeutiques, Institut de Chimie UMR 7177, Université de Strasbourg/CNRS 4, rue Blaise Pascal, 67070 Strasbourg, France
| | - Carla Ferreri
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche - ISOF, Via Piero Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Myriam Seemann
- Equipe Chimie Biologique et Applications Thérapeutiques, Institut de Chimie UMR 7177, Université de Strasbourg/CNRS 4, rue Blaise Pascal, 67070 Strasbourg, France.
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Giacometti G, Marini M, Papadopoulos K, Ferreri C, Chatgilialoglu C. trans-Double Bond-Containing Liposomes as Potential Carriers for Drug Delivery. Molecules 2017; 22:E2082. [PMID: 29182583 PMCID: PMC6149667 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22122082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of liposomes has been crucial for investigations in biomimetic chemical biology as a membrane model and in medicinal chemistry for drug delivery. Liposomes are made of phospholipids whose biophysical characteristics strongly depend on the type of fatty acid moiety, where natural unsaturated lipids always have the double bond geometry in the cis configuration. The influence of lipid double bond configuration had not been considered so far with respect to the competence of liposomes in delivery. We were interested in evaluating possible changes in the molecular properties induced by the conversion of the double bond from cis to trans geometry. Here we report on the effects of the addition of trans-phospholipids supplied in different amounts to other liposome constituents (cholesterol, neutral phospholipids and cationic surfactants), on the size, ζ-potential and stability of liposomal formulations and on their ability to encapsulate two dyes such as rhodamine B and fluorescein. From a biotechnological point of view, trans-containing liposomes proved to have different characteristics from those containing the cis analogues, and to influence the incorporation and release of the dyes. These results open new perspectives in the use of the unnatural lipid geometry, for the purpose of changing liposome behavior and/or of obtaining molecular interferences, also in view of synergic effects of cell toxicity, especially in antitumoral strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Giacometti
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, N.C.S.R. "Demokritos", 15310 Agia Paraskevi, Athens, Greece.
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 8, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Marina Marini
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 8, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Kyriakos Papadopoulos
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, N.C.S.R. "Demokritos", 15310 Agia Paraskevi, Athens, Greece.
| | - Carla Ferreri
- ISOF, Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche, Via P. Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Chryssostomos Chatgilialoglu
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, N.C.S.R. "Demokritos", 15310 Agia Paraskevi, Athens, Greece.
- ISOF, Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche, Via P. Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy.
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Fouret G, Tolika E, Lecomte J, Bonafos B, Aoun M, Murphy MP, Ferreri C, Chatgilialoglu C, Dubreucq E, Coudray C, Feillet-Coudray C. The mitochondrial-targeted antioxidant, MitoQ, increases liver mitochondrial cardiolipin content in obesogenic diet-fed rats. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2015; 1847:1025-35. [PMID: 26028302 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2015.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Revised: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Cardiolipin (CL), a unique mitochondrial phospholipid, plays a key role in several processes of mitochondrial bioenergetics as well as in mitochondrial membrane stability and dynamics. The present study was designed to determine the effect of MitoQ, a mitochondrial-targeted antioxidant, on the content of liver mitochondrial membrane phospholipids, in particular CL, and its fatty acid composition in obesogenic diet-fed rats. To do this, twenty-four 6week old male Sprague Dawley rats were randomized into three groups of 8 animals and fed for 8weeks with either a control diet, a high fat diet (HF), or a HF diet with MitoQ (HF+MitoQ). Phospholipid classes and fatty acid composition were assayed by chromatographic methods in liver and liver mitochondria. Mitochondrial bioenergetic function was also evaluated. While MitoQ had no or slight effects on total liver fatty acid composition and phospholipid classes and their fatty acid composition, it had major effects on liver mitochondrial phospholipids and mitochondrial function. Indeed, MitoQ both increased CL synthase gene expression and CL content of liver mitochondria and increased 18:2n-6 (linoleic acid) content of mitochondrial phospholipids by comparison to the HF diet. Moreover, mitochondrial CL content was positively correlated to mitochondrial membrane fluidity, membrane potential and respiration, as well as to ATP synthase activity, while it was negatively correlated to mitochondrial ROS production. These findings suggest that MitoQ may decrease pathogenic alterations to CL content and profiles, thereby preserving mitochondrial function and attenuating the development of some of the features of metabolic syndrome in obesogenic diet-fed rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilles Fouret
- INRA, UMR866 Dynamique Musculaire et Métabolisme, Université Montpellier, F-34060 Montpellier, France
| | | | | | - Béatrice Bonafos
- INRA, UMR866 Dynamique Musculaire et Métabolisme, Université Montpellier, F-34060 Montpellier, France
| | | | - Michael P Murphy
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, MRC Building, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | | | - Chryssostomos Chatgilialoglu
- Institute of Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, National Center of Scientific Research "Demokritos", Patriarchou Gregoriou Street, 15310, Agia Paraskevi, Athens, Greece
| | - Eric Dubreucq
- Montpellier SupAgro, UMR IATE, F-34060 Montpellier, France
| | - Charles Coudray
- INRA, UMR866 Dynamique Musculaire et Métabolisme, Université Montpellier, F-34060 Montpellier, France
| | - Christine Feillet-Coudray
- INRA, UMR866 Dynamique Musculaire et Métabolisme, Université Montpellier, F-34060 Montpellier, France.
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Chatgilialoglu C, Ferreri C, Melchiorre M, Sansone A, Torreggiani A. Lipid geometrical isomerism: from chemistry to biology and diagnostics. Chem Rev 2013; 114:255-84. [PMID: 24050531 DOI: 10.1021/cr4002287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Chatgilialoglu C, Ferreri C, Masi A, Melchiorre M, Sansone A, Terzidis MA, Torreggiani A. Free radicals in chemical biology: from chemical behavior to biomarker development. J Vis Exp 2013. [PMID: 23629513 PMCID: PMC3664958 DOI: 10.3791/50379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The involvement of free radicals in life sciences has constantly increased with time and has been connected to several physiological and pathological processes. This subject embraces diverse scientific areas, spanning from physical, biological and bioorganic chemistry to biology and medicine, with applications to the amelioration of quality of life, health and aging. Multidisciplinary skills are required for the full investigation of the many facets of radical processes in the biological environment and chemical knowledge plays a crucial role in unveiling basic processes and mechanisms. We developed a chemical biology approach able to connect free radical chemical reactivity with biological processes, providing information on the mechanistic pathways and products. The core of this approach is the design of biomimetic models to study biomolecule behavior (lipids, nucleic acids and proteins) in aqueous systems, obtaining insights of the reaction pathways as well as building up molecular libraries of the free radical reaction products. This context can be successfully used for biomarker discovery and examples are provided with two classes of compounds: mono-trans isomers of cholesteryl esters, which are synthesized and used as references for detection in human plasma, and purine 5',8-cyclo-2'-deoxyribonucleosides, prepared and used as reference in the protocol for detection of such lesions in DNA samples, after ionizing radiations or obtained from different health conditions.
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Souabni H, Thoma V, Bizouarn T, Chatgilialoglu C, Siafaka-Kapadai A, Baciou L, Ferreri C, Houée-Levin C, Ostuni M. trans Arachidonic acid isomers inhibit NADPH-oxidase activity by direct interaction with enzyme components. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2012; 1818:2314-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2012.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2011] [Revised: 04/23/2012] [Accepted: 04/24/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Tuo Y, Feng DD, Wang DF, Sun J, Li SB, Chen C. Long-term in vitro treatment of INS-1 rat pancreatic β-cells by unsaturated free fatty acids protects cells against gluco- and lipotoxicities via activation of GPR40 receptors. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2012; 39:423-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1681.2012.05691.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Dan Dan Feng
- Department of Physiology; Xiang Ya Medical School; Central South University; Changsha; China
| | | | - Jian Sun
- School of Biomedical Sciences; The University of Queensland; Brisbane; Queensland; Australia
| | - Sheng-Bin Li
- Department of Forensic Science; School of Medicine; Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an; China
| | - Chen Chen
- School of Biomedical Sciences; The University of Queensland; Brisbane; Queensland; Australia
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Ferreri C, Grabovskiy SA, Aoun M, Melchiorre M, Kabal’nova N, Feillet-Coudray C, Fouret G, Coudray C, Chatgilialoglu C. Trans Fatty Acids: Chemical Synthesis of Eicosapentaenoic Acid Isomers and Detection in Rats Fed a Deodorized Fish Oil Diet. Chem Res Toxicol 2012; 25:687-94. [DOI: 10.1021/tx200467c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carla Ferreri
- ISOF, Consiglio Nazionale delle
Ricerche, Via P. Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Stanislav A. Grabovskiy
- ISOF, Consiglio Nazionale delle
Ricerche, Via P. Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Ufa Research Center of RAS, 71 prospekt Oktyabrya,
450054 Ufa, Russia
| | - Manar Aoun
- INRA UMR
866, Dynamique Musculaire
et Métabolisme, INRA, 2 place Pierre Viala, Université
Montpellier 1, and Université Montpellier 2, 34060 Montpellier,
France
| | - Michele Melchiorre
- ISOF, Consiglio Nazionale delle
Ricerche, Via P. Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Natalia Kabal’nova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Ufa Research Center of RAS, 71 prospekt Oktyabrya,
450054 Ufa, Russia
| | - Christine Feillet-Coudray
- INRA UMR
866, Dynamique Musculaire
et Métabolisme, INRA, 2 place Pierre Viala, Université
Montpellier 1, and Université Montpellier 2, 34060 Montpellier,
France
| | - Gilles Fouret
- INRA UMR
866, Dynamique Musculaire
et Métabolisme, INRA, 2 place Pierre Viala, Université
Montpellier 1, and Université Montpellier 2, 34060 Montpellier,
France
| | - Charles Coudray
- INRA UMR
866, Dynamique Musculaire
et Métabolisme, INRA, 2 place Pierre Viala, Université
Montpellier 1, and Université Montpellier 2, 34060 Montpellier,
France
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Reis A, Spickett CM. Chemistry of phospholipid oxidation. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2012; 1818:2374-87. [PMID: 22342938 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2012.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 436] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2011] [Revised: 01/14/2012] [Accepted: 02/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The oxidation of lipids has long been a topic of interest in biological and food sciences, and the fundamental principles of non-enzymatic free radical attack on phospholipids are well established, although questions about detail of the mechanisms remain. The number of end products that are formed following the initiation of phospholipid peroxidation is large, and is continually growing as new structures of oxidized phospholipids are elucidated. Common products are phospholipids with esterified isoprostane-like structures and chain-shortened products containing hydroxy, carbonyl or carboxylic acid groups; the carbonyl-containing compounds are reactive and readily form adducts with proteins and other biomolecules. Phospholipids can also be attacked by reactive nitrogen and chlorine species, further expanding the range of products to nitrated and chlorinated phospholipids. Key to understanding the mechanisms of oxidation is the development of advanced and sensitive technologies that enable structural elucidation. Tandem mass spectrometry has proved invaluable in this respect and is generally the method of choice for structural work. A number of studies have investigated whether individual oxidized phospholipid products occur in vivo, and mass spectrometry techniques have been instrumental in detecting a variety of oxidation products in biological samples such as atherosclerotic plaque material, brain tissue, intestinal tissue and plasma, although relatively few have achieved an absolute quantitative analysis. The levels of oxidized phospholipids in vivo is a critical question, as there is now substantial evidence that many of these compounds are bioactive and could contribute to pathology. The challenges for the future will be to adopt lipidomic approaches to map the profile of oxidized phospholipid formation in different biological conditions, and relate this to their effects in vivo. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Oxidized phospholipids-their properties and interactions with proteins.
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Han X, Yang K, Gross RW. Multi-dimensional mass spectrometry-based shotgun lipidomics and novel strategies for lipidomic analyses. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2012; 31:134-78. [PMID: 21755525 PMCID: PMC3259006 DOI: 10.1002/mas.20342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 398] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2011] [Revised: 05/20/2011] [Accepted: 05/20/2011] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Since our last comprehensive review on multi-dimensional mass spectrometry-based shotgun lipidomics (Mass Spectrom. Rev. 24 (2005), 367), many new developments in the field of lipidomics have occurred. These developments include new strategies and refinements for shotgun lipidomic approaches that use direct infusion, including novel fragmentation strategies, identification of multiple new informative dimensions for mass spectrometric interrogation, and the development of new bioinformatic approaches for enhanced identification and quantitation of the individual molecular constituents that comprise each cell's lipidome. Concurrently, advances in liquid chromatography-based platforms and novel strategies for quantitative matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry for lipidomic analyses have been developed. Through the synergistic use of this repertoire of new mass spectrometric approaches, the power and scope of lipidomics has been greatly expanded to accelerate progress toward the comprehensive understanding of the pleiotropic roles of lipids in biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianlin Han
- Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, Orlando, FL 32827, USA.
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Cohen G, Riahi Y, Shamni O, Guichardant M, Chatgilialoglu C, Ferreri C, Kaiser N, Sasson S. Role of lipid peroxidation and PPAR-δ in amplifying glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Diabetes 2011; 60:2830-42. [PMID: 21896929 PMCID: PMC3198069 DOI: 10.2337/db11-0347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 270] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previous studies show that polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) increase the insulin secretory capacity of pancreatic β-cells. We aimed at identifying PUFA-derived mediators and their cellular targets that are involved in the amplification of insulin release from β-cells preexposed to high glucose levels. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS The content of fatty acids in phospholipids of INS-1E β-cells was determined by lipidomics analysis. High-performance liquid chromatography was used to identify peroxidation products in β-cell cultures. Static and dynamic glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) assays were performed on isolated rat islets and/or INS-1E cells. The function of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-δ (PPAR-δ) in regulating insulin secretion was investigated using pharmacological agents and gene expression manipulations. RESULTS High glucose activated cPLA(2) and, subsequently, the hydrolysis of arachidonic and linoleic acid (AA and LA, respectively) from phospholipids in INS-1E cells. Glucose also increased the level of reactive oxygen species, which promoted the peroxidation of these PUFAs to generate 4-hydroxy-2E-nonenal (4-HNE). The latter mimicked the GSIS-amplifying effect of high glucose preexposure and of the PPAR-δ agonist GW501516 in INS-1E cells and isolated rat islets. These effects were blocked with GSK0660, a selective PPAR-δ antagonist, and the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine or by silencing PPAR-δ expression. High glucose, 4-HNE, and GW501516 also induced luciferase expression in a PPAR-δ-mediated transactivation assay. Cytotoxic effects of 4-HNE were observed only above the physiologically effective concentration range. CONCLUSIONS Elevated glucose levels augment the release of AA and LA from phospholipids and their peroxidation to 4-HNE in β-cells. This molecule is an endogenous ligand for PPAR-δ, which amplifies insulin secretion in β-cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy Cohen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Drug Research, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yael Riahi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Drug Research, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ofer Shamni
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Drug Research, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Michel Guichardant
- CarMeN Laboratory, Lyon University, INSA de Lyon, INSERM U1060, Université de Lyon-1, Villeurbanne, France
| | | | - Carla Ferreri
- ISOF-BioFreeRadicals, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Bologna, Italy
| | - Nurit Kaiser
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Service, Department of Medicine, Hadassah–Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Shlomo Sasson
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Drug Research, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
- Corresponding author: Shlomo Sasson,
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Rat liver mitochondrial membrane characteristics and mitochondrial functions are more profoundly altered by dietary lipid quantity than by dietary lipid quality: effect of different nutritional lipid patterns. Br J Nutr 2011; 107:647-59. [PMID: 21774841 DOI: 10.1017/s000711451100331x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Dietary lipids are known to affect the composition of the biological membrane and functions that are involved in cell death and survival. The mitochondrial respiratory chain enzymes are membrane protein complexes whose function depends on the composition and fluidity of the mitochondrial membrane lipid. The present study aimed at investigating the impact of different nutritional patterns of dietary lipids on liver mitochondrial functions. A total of forty-eight Wistar male rats were divided into six groups and fed for 12 weeks with a basal diet, lard diet or fish oil diet, containing either 50 or 300 g lipid/kg. The 30 % lipid intake increased liver NEFA, TAG and cholesterol levels, increased mitochondrial NEFA and TAG, and decreased phospholipid (PL) levels. SFA, PUFA and unsaturation index (UI) increased, whereas MUFA and trans-fatty acids (FA) decreased in the mitochondrial membrane PL in 30 % fat diet-fed rats compared with 5 % lipid diet-fed rats. PL UI increased with fish oil diet v. basal and lard-rich diets, and PL trans-FA increased with lard diet v. basal and fish oil diets. The 30 % lipid diet intake increased mitochondrial membrane potential, membrane fluidity, mitochondrial respiration and complex V activity, and decreased complex III and IV activities. With regard to lipid quality effects, β-oxidation decreased with the intake of basal or fish oil diets compared with that of the lard diet. The intake of a fish oil diet decreased complex III and IV activities compared with both the basal and lard diets. In conclusion, the characteristics and mitochondrial functions of the rat liver mitochondrial membrane are more profoundly altered by the quantity of dietary lipid than by its quality, which may have profound impacts on the pathogenesis and development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
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Senger RS. Biofuel production improvement with genome-scale models: The role of cell composition. Biotechnol J 2010; 5:671-85. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.201000007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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