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Kasten A, Cascorbi I. Understanding the impact of ABCG2 polymorphisms on drug pharmacokinetics: focus on rosuvastatin and allopurinol. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2024; 20:519-528. [PMID: 38809523 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2024.2362184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In addition to the well-established understanding of the pharmacogenetics of drug-metabolizing enzymes, there is growing data on the effects of genetic variation in drug transporters, particularly ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters. However, the evidence that these genetic variants can be used to predict drug effects and to adjust individual dosing to avoid adverse events is still limited. AREAS COVERED This review presents a summary of the current literature from the PubMed database as of February 2024 regarding the impact of genetic variants on ABCG2 function and their relevance to the clinical use of the HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor rosuvastatin and the xanthine oxidase inhibitor allopurinol. EXPERT OPINION Although there are pharmacogenetic guidelines for the ABCG2 missense variant Q141K, there is still some conflicting data regarding the clinical benefits of these recommendations. Some caution appears to be warranted in homozygous ABCG2 Q141K carriers when rosuvastatin is administered at higher doses and such information is already included in the drug label. The benefit of dose adaption to lower possible side effects needs to be evaluated in prospective clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Kasten
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Ingolf Cascorbi
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
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Lukanov T, Ivanova M, Yankova P, Al Hadra B, Mihaylova A, Genova M, Svinarov D, Naumova E. Impact of CYP3A7, CYP2D6 and ABCC2/ABCC3 polymorphisms on tacrolimus steady state concentrations in Bulgarian kidney transplant recipients. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2022.2081517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tsvetelin Lukanov
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Stem Cell Bank, University Hospital Alexandrovska, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Milena Ivanova
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Petya Yankova
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Bushra Al Hadra
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Stem Cell Bank, University Hospital Alexandrovska, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Anastasiya Mihaylova
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Stem Cell Bank, University Hospital Alexandrovska, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Marianka Genova
- Department of Clinical Laboratory & Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Alexandrovska, Sofia, Bulgaria
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Dobrin Svinarov
- Department of Clinical Laboratory & Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Alexandrovska, Sofia, Bulgaria
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Elisaveta Naumova
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
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Drug-drug-gene interactions as mediators of adverse drug reactions to diclofenac and statins: a case report and literature review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 72:114-128. [PMID: 34187111 PMCID: PMC8265195 DOI: 10.2478/aiht-2021-72-3549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Concomitant treatment with drugs that inhibit drug metabolising enzymes and/or transporters, such as commonly prescribed statins and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), has been associated with prolonged drug exposure and increased risk of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) due to drug-drug interactions. The risk is further increased in patients with chronic diseases/comorbidities who are more susceptible because of their genetic setup or external factors. In that light, we present a case of a 46-year-old woman who had been experiencing acute renal and hepatic injury and myalgia over two years of concomitant treatment with diclofenac, atorvastatin, simvastatin/fenofibrate, and several other drugs, including pantoprazole and furosemide. Our pharmacogenomic findings supported the suspicion that ADRs, most notably the multi-organ toxicity experienced by our patient, may be owed to drug-drug-gene interactions and increased bioavailability of the prescribed drugs due to slower detoxification capacity and decreased hepatic and renal elimination. We also discuss the importance of CYP polymorphisms in the biotransformation of endogenous substrates such as arachidonic acid and their modulating role in pathophysiological processes. Yet even though the risks of ADRs related to the above mentioned drugs are substantially evidenced in literature, pre-emptive pharmacogenetic analysis has not yet found its way into common clinical practice.
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Bruckmueller H, Cascorbi I. ABCB1, ABCG2, ABCC1, ABCC2, and ABCC3 drug transporter polymorphisms and their impact on drug bioavailability: what is our current understanding? Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2021; 17:369-396. [PMID: 33459081 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2021.1876661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Interindividual differences in drug response are a frequent clinical challenge partly due to variation in pharmacokinetics. ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters are crucial determinants of drug disposition. They are subject of gene regulation and drug-interaction; however, it is still under debate to which extend genetic variants in these transporters contribute to interindividual variability of a wide range of drugs. AREAS COVERED This review discusses the current literature on the impact of genetic variants in ABCB1, ABCG2 as well as ABCC1, ABCC2, and ABCC3 on pharmacokinetics and drug response. The aim was to evaluate if results from recent studies would increase the evidence for potential clinically relevant pharmacogenetic effects. EXPERT OPINION Although enormous efforts have been made to investigate effects of ABC transporter genotypes on drug pharmacokinetics and response, the majority of studies showed only weak if any associations. Despite few unique results, studies mostly failed to confirm earlier findings or still remained inconsistent. The impact of genetic variants on drug bioavailability is only minor and other factors regulating the transporter expression and function seem to be more critical. In our opinion, the findings on the so far investigated genetic variants in ABC efflux transporters are not suitable as predictive biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrike Bruckmueller
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Ingolf Cascorbi
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
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Ivashchenko DV, Tereshchenko OV, Temirbulatov II, Akmalova KA, Grishina EA, Zastrozhin MS, Savchenko LM, Bryun EA, Sychev DA. Pharmacogenetics of the safety of phenazepam in alcohol withdrawal syndrome: haplotype and combinatorial analyses of polymorphic variants in the pharmacokinetic factor genes. NEUROLOGY, NEUROPSYCHIATRY, PSYCHOSOMATICS 2020. [DOI: 10.14412/2074-2711-2020-2-17-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. V. Ivashchenko
- Russian Medical Academy of Continuing Professional Education, Ministry of Health of Russia
| | | | - I. I. Temirbulatov
- Russian Medical Academy of Continuing Professional Education, Ministry of Health of Russia
| | - K. A. Akmalova
- Russian Medical Academy of Continuing Professional Education, Ministry of Health of Russia
| | - E. A. Grishina
- Russian Medical Academy of Continuing Professional Education, Ministry of Health of Russia
| | - M. S. Zastrozhin
- Russian Medical Academy of Continuing Professional Education, Ministry of Health of Russia;
Moscow Research and Practical Center of Addictions, Moscow Healthcare Department
| | - L. M. Savchenko
- Russian Medical Academy of Continuing Professional Education, Ministry of Health of Russia
| | - E. A. Bryun
- Russian Medical Academy of Continuing Professional Education, Ministry of Health of Russia;
Moscow Research and Practical Center of Addictions, Moscow Healthcare Department
| | - D. A. Sychev
- Russian Medical Academy of Continuing Professional Education, Ministry of Health of Russia
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Mealey KL, Martinez SE, Villarino NF, Court MH. Personalized medicine: going to the dogs? Hum Genet 2019; 138:467-481. [PMID: 31032534 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-019-02020-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Interindividual variation in drug response occurs in canine patients just as it does in human patients. Although canine pharmacogenetics still lags behind human pharmacogenetics, significant life-saving discoveries in the field have been made over the last 20 years, but much remains to be done. This article summarizes the available published data about the presence and impact of genetic polymorphisms on canine drug transporters, drug-metabolizing enzymes, drug receptors/targets, and plasma protein binding while comparing them to their human counterparts when applicable. In addition, precision medicine in cancer treatment as an application of canine pharmacogenetics and pertinent considerations for canine pharmacogenetics testing is reviewed. The field is poised to transition from single pharmacogene-based studies, pharmacogenetics, to pharmacogenomic-based studies to enhance our understanding of interindividual variation of drug response in dogs. Advances made in the field of canine pharmacogenetics will not only improve the health and well-being of dogs and dog breeds, but may provide insight into individual drug efficacy and toxicity in human patients as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrina L Mealey
- Program in Individualized Medicine (PrIMe), Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99163, USA.
| | - Stephanie E Martinez
- Program in Individualized Medicine (PrIMe), Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99163, USA
| | - Nicolas F Villarino
- Program in Individualized Medicine (PrIMe), Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99163, USA
| | - Michael H Court
- Program in Individualized Medicine (PrIMe), Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99163, USA
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Macauda A, Castelli E, Buda G, Pelosini M, Butrym A, Watek M, Kruszewski M, Vangsted AJ, Rymko M, Jamroziak K, Abildgaard N, Haastrup EK, Mazur G, Ríos R, Jurczyszyn A, Zawirska D, Dudziński M, Raźny M, Dutka M, Tomczak W, Suska A, Druzd-Sitek A, Marques H, Petrini M, Markiewicz M, Martinez-Lopez J, Ebbesen LH, Iskierka-Jażdżewska E, Sainz J, Canzian F, Campa D. Inherited variation in the xenobiotic transporter pathway and survival of multiple myeloma patients. Br J Haematol 2018; 183:375-384. [PMID: 30079960 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.15521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Over the past four decades, remarkable progress has been made in the treatment and prognosis of multiple myeloma (MM), although it remains an incurable disease. Chemotherapy resistance is a major hurdle for treatment efficacy. Drug resistance can be innate and so driven by genes involved in the drug metabolism pathways. We performed an association study of 71 germline variants within the major genes in those pathways (ABCB1, ABCC2, ABCG2, and their regulators NR1I2/PXR and NR1I3/CAR) in the International Multiple Myeloma rESEarch (IMMEnSE) consortium, consisting of 1365 MM cases with survival information recruited in 5 European countries. Two of the SNPs showed a significant association with the survival of MM patients, namely rs2235013, located in ABCB1 [Hazard ratio (HR) = 1·52, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1·18-1·95, P = 0·00087], and rs4148388, located in ABCC2 (HR = 2·15, 95% CI = 1·44-3·22, P = 0·0001). ABCC2 plays an essential role in transporting various anticancer drugs, including several used against MM, out of the cell. In silico analyses predict that the variant alleles of four SNPs in linkage disequilibrium with ABCC2-rs4148388 are associated with increased gene expression. Overexpression of ABCC2 increases drug clearance and therefore may induce drug resistance mechanisms. In conclusion, we found a promising association between ABCC2-rs4148388 and MM outcome that is supported by a plausible biological explanation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelica Macauda
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Genomic Epidemiology Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Gabriele Buda
- Haematology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Matteo Pelosini
- U.O. Dipartimento di Ematologia, Azienda USL Toscana Nord Ovest, Livorno, Italy
| | - Aleksandra Butrym
- Department of Internal Diseases, Occupational Medicine, Hypertension and Clinical Oncology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | | | | | - Annette Juul Vangsted
- Department of Haematology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marcin Rymko
- Department of Haematology, N. Copernicus Town Hospital, Torun, Poland
| | | | - Niels Abildgaard
- Department of Haematology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Eva Kannik Haastrup
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Grzegorz Mazur
- Department of Internal Diseases, Occupational Medicine, Hypertension and Clinical Oncology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Rafael Ríos
- Genomic Oncology Area, GENYO. Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research:, Pfizer / University of Granada / Andalusian Regional Government, Granada, Spain.,Monoclonal Gammopathies Unit, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain.,Pharmacogenetics Unit, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (Ibs.GRANADA), Hospitales Universitarios de Granada/Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Artur Jurczyszyn
- Department of Haematology, Cracow University Hospital, Cracow, Poland
| | - Daria Zawirska
- Department of Haematology, University Clinic, Cracow, Poland
| | - Marek Dudziński
- Haematology Department, Teaching Hospital No 1, Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Raźny
- Department of Haematology, L.Rydygier's Hospital, Cracow, Poland
| | - Magdalena Dutka
- Department of Haematology and Transplantology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Waldemar Tomczak
- Department of Haemato-oncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation and Department of Internal Medicine in Nursing, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Anna Suska
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, KraKow, Poland
| | | | - Herlander Marques
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Mario Petrini
- Haematology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Juan Sainz
- Genomic Oncology Area, GENYO. Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research:, Pfizer / University of Granada / Andalusian Regional Government, Granada, Spain.,Monoclonal Gammopathies Unit, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain.,Pharmacogenetics Unit, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (Ibs.GRANADA), Hospitales Universitarios de Granada/Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Federico Canzian
- Genomic Epidemiology Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daniele Campa
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Impact of NR1I2, adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette transporters genetic polymorphisms on the pharmacokinetics of ginsenoside compound K in healthy Chinese volunteers. J Ginseng Res 2018; 43:460-474. [PMID: 31308818 PMCID: PMC6606825 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2018.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Ginsenoside compound K (CK) is a promising drug candidate for rheumatoid arthritis. This study examined the impact of polymorphisms in NR1I2, adenosine triphosphate–binding cassette (ABC) transporter genes on the pharmacokinetics of CK in healthy Chinese individuals. Methods Forty-two targeted variants in seven genes were genotyped in 54 participants using Sequenom MassARRAY system to investigate their association with major pharmacokinetic parameters of CK and its metabolite 20(S)-protopanaxadiol (PPD). Subsequently, molecular docking was simulated using the AutoDock Vina program. Results ABCC4 rs1751034 TT and rs1189437 TT were associated with increased exposure of CK and decreased exposure of 20(S)-PPD, whereas CFTR rs4148688 heterozygous carriers had the lowest maximum concentration (Cmax) of CK. The area under the curve from zero to the time of the last quantifiable concentration (AUClast) of CK was decreased in NR1I2 rs1464602 and rs2472682 homozygous carriers, while Cmax was significantly reduced only in rs2472682. ABCC4 rs1151471 and CFTR rs2283054 influenced the pharmacokinetics of 20(S)-PPD. In addition, several variations in ABCC2, ABCC4, CFTR, and NR1I2 had minor effects on the pharmacokinetics of CK. Quality of the best homology model of multidrug resistance protein 4 (MRP4) was assessed, and the ligand interaction plot showed the mode of interaction of CK with different MRP4 residues. Conlusion ABCC4 rs1751034 and rs1189437 affected the pharmacokinetics of both CK and 20(S)-PPD. NR1I2 rs1464602 and rs2472682 were only associated with the pharmacokinetics of CK. Thus, these hereditary variances could partly explain the interindividual differences in the pharmacokinetics of CK.
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Cascorbi I. The Pharmacogenetics of Immune-Modulating Therapy. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2018; 83:275-296. [PMID: 29801578 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2018.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Immunosuppressive drugs are a prerequisite in organ transplantation to prevent rejection and are also widely used in inflammatory diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) or also in some hematologic malignancies-depending on the mode of action. For thiopurine analogs the polymorphic thiopurine S-methyltransferase (TPMT) was early detected to be associated with thiopurine-induced leukopenia; recent studies identified also NUDT15 to be related to this severe side effect. For drugs like methotrexate and mycophenolate mofetil a number of ADME genes like UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) and ABC efflux transporters were investigated, however, with partly contradicting results. For calcineurin inhibitors like cyclosporine and in particular tacrolimus however, cytochrome P450 3A4 and 3A5 variants were found to significantly affect the pharmacokinetics. Genetic variants in genes encoding relevant pharmacodynamic proteins, however, lacked compelling evidence to affect the clinical outcome. This chapter reviews the current evidence on the association of pharmacogenetic traits to dose finding and clinical outcome of small-molecule immunosuppressants. Moreover this chapter critically summarizes suitability to apply pharmacogenetics in clinical practice in order to optimize immunosuppressant therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingolf Cascorbi
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany.
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Effect of UGT, SLCO, ABCB and ABCC polymorphisms on irinotecan toxicity. Med Clin (Barc) 2018; 151:425-430. [PMID: 29499902 DOI: 10.1016/j.medcli.2018.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Evaluate the relationship between the presence of polymorphisms in genes involved in the pharmacodynamics of irinotecan (UGT1A, SLCO1B1, ABCB1 and ABCC2) and the safety of irinotecan in the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). PATIENTS AND METHODS Prospective observational, single-centre study of 30 months duration, which included patients diagnosed with mCRC treated with FOLFIRI was carried out. Toxicity was evaluated in each treatment cycle according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) v.4.0 NCI. Genomic DNA was obtained with a peripheral blood sample from an extraction method based on alkaline lysis. Genetic characterisation was performed using the LigthCycler®480 platform and allele-specific HybProbe® fluorescent probes. Analysed polymorphisms were: UGT1A1*28, UGT1A1*60, UGT1A7*1,*2,*3,*4, UGT1A7*12, UGT1A9*22, SLCO1B1 (rs11045879), ABCC2 (rs717620) and ABCB1 (rs1045642). RESULTS Thirty-four patients were included (73.5% were male, mean age 59.9 years [27-81]) in the study. Polymorphisms rs8175347, rs17868323, rs3832043, rs11692021 and rs7577677 were associated with a higher incidence of adverse effects. Furthermore, it was observed that those patients with wild-type in UGT family genes analysed have lower rates of toxicity associated with irinotecan treatment than those with certain mutated allele (P=.010). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that the presence of certain polymorphisms in the UGT1A family of genes is related to the development of toxicity during treatment with irinotecan.
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Bahrami A, Amerizadeh F, Hassanian SM, ShahidSales S, Khazaei M, Maftouh M, Ghayour-Mobarhan M, Ferns GA, Avan A. Genetic variants as potential predictive biomarkers in advanced colorectal cancer patients treated with oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy. J Cell Physiol 2017; 233:2193-2201. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Afsane Bahrami
- Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies; Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
| | - Forouzan Amerizadeh
- Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies; Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
| | - Seyed Mahdi Hassanian
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
| | | | - Majid Khazaei
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
| | - Mina Maftouh
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
| | - Majid Ghayour-Mobarhan
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
| | - Gordon A. Ferns
- Brighton & Sussex Medical School; Division of Medical Education; Falmer Brighton, Sussex UK
| | - Amir Avan
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
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Yang H, Guo D, Obianom ON, Su T, Polli JE, Shu Y. Multidrug and toxin extrusion proteins mediate cellular transport of cadmium. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2016; 314:55-62. [PMID: 27871888 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2016.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Revised: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is an environmentally prevalent toxicant posing increasing risk to human health worldwide. As compared to the extensive research in Cd tissue accumulation, little was known about the elimination of Cd, particularly its toxic form, Cd ion (Cd2+). In this study, we aimed to examine whether Cd2+ is a substrate of multidrug and toxin extrusion proteins (MATEs) that are important in renal xenobiotic elimination. HEK-293 cells overexpressing the human MATE1 (HEK-hMATE1), human MATE2-K (HEK-hMATE2-K) and mouse Mate1 (HEK-mMate1) were used to study the cellular transport and toxicity of Cd2+. The cells overexpressing MATEs showed a 2-4 fold increase of Cd2+ uptake that could be blocked by the MATE inhibitor cimetidine. A saturable transport profile was observed with the Michaelis-Menten constant (Km) of 130±15.8μM for HEK-hMATE1; 139±21.3μM for HEK-hMATE2-K; and 88.7±13.5μM for HEK-mMate1, respectively. Cd2+ could inhibit the uptake of metformin, a substrate of MATE transporters, with the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 97.5±6.0μM, 20.2±2.6μM, and 49.9±6.9μM in HEK-hMATE1, HEK-hMATE2-K, and HEK-mMate1 cells, respectively. In addition, hMATE1 could transport preloaded Cd2+ out of the HEK-hMATE1 cells, thus resulting in a significant decrease of Cd2+-induced cytotoxicity. The present study has provided the first evidence supporting that MATEs transport Cd2+ and may function as cellular elimination machinery in Cd intoxication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland at Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Dong Guo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland at Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Obinna N Obianom
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland at Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Tong Su
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Hunan 410007, China
| | - James E Polli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland at Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yan Shu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland at Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Cascorbi I, Werk AN. Advances and challenges in hereditary cancer pharmacogenetics. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2016; 13:73-82. [DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2017.1233965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Daud ANA, Bergman JEH, Kerstjens-Frederikse WS, Groen H, Wilffert B. The Risk of Congenital Heart Anomalies Following Prenatal Exposure to Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors-Is Pharmacogenetics the Key? Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17081333. [PMID: 27529241 PMCID: PMC5000730 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17081333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Revised: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SRIs) are often prescribed during pregnancy. Previous studies that found an increased risk of congenital anomalies, particularly congenital heart anomalies (CHA), with SRI use during pregnancy have created concern among pregnant women and healthcare professionals about the safety of these drugs. However, subsequent studies have reported conflicting results on the association between CHA and SRI use during pregnancy. These discrepancies in the risk estimates can potentially be explained by genetic differences among exposed individuals. In this review, we explore the potential pharmacogenetic predictors involved in the pharmacokinetics and mechanism of action of SRIs, and their relation to the risk of CHA. In general, the risk is dependent on the maternal concentration of SRIs and the foetal serotonin level/effect, which can be modulated by the alteration in the expression and/or function of the metabolic enzymes, transporter proteins and serotonin receptors involved in the serotonin signalling of the foetal heart development. Pharmacogenetics might be the key to understanding why some children exposed to SRIs develop a congenital heart anomaly and others do not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aizati N A Daud
- Department of Pharmacy, Unit of PharmacoTherapy, -Epidemiology and -Economics, University of Groningen, 9713AV Groningen, The Netherlands.
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Discipline of Clinical Pharmacy, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia.
| | - Jorieke E H Bergman
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713AV Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | | | - Henk Groen
- Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713AV Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Bob Wilffert
- Department of Pharmacy, Unit of PharmacoTherapy, -Epidemiology and -Economics, University of Groningen, 9713AV Groningen, The Netherlands.
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713AV Groningen, The Netherlands.
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Ruiz-Pinto S, Pita G, Patiño-García A, García-Miguel P, Alonso J, Pérez-Martínez A, Sastre A, Gómez-Mariano G, Lissat A, Scotlandi K, Serra M, Ladenstein R, Lapouble E, Pierron G, Kontny U, Picci P, Kovar H, Delattre O, González-Neira A. Identification of genetic variants in pharmacokinetic genes associated with Ewing Sarcoma treatment outcome. Ann Oncol 2016; 27:1788-93. [PMID: 27287205 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdw234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the effectiveness of current treatment protocols for Ewing sarcoma (ES), many patients still experience relapse, and survival following recurrence is <15%. We aimed to identify genetic variants that predict treatment outcome in children diagnosed with ES. PATIENTS AND METHODS We carried out a pharmacogenetic study of 384 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 24 key transport or metabolism genes relevant to drugs used to treat in pediatric patients (<30 years) with histologically confirmed ES. We studied the association of genotypes with tumor response and overall survival (OS) in a discovery cohort of 106 Spanish children, with replication in a second cohort of 389 pediatric patients from across Europe. RESULTS We identified associations with OS (P < 0.05) for three SNPs in the Spanish cohort that were replicated in the European cohort. The strongest association observed was with rs7190447, located in the ATP-binding cassette subfamily C member 6 (ABCC6) gene [discovery: hazard ratio (HR) = 14.30, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.53-134, P = 0.020; replication: HR = 9.28, 95% CI = 2.20-39.2, P = 0.0024] and its correlated SNP rs7192303, which was predicted to have a plausible regulatory function. We also replicated associations with rs4148737 in the ATP-binding cassette subfamily B member 1 (ABCB1) gene (discovery: HR = 2.96, 95% CI = 1.08-8.10, P = 0.034; replication: HR = 1.60, 95% CI = 1.05-2.44, P = 0.029), which we have previously found to be associated with poorer OS in pediatric osteosarcoma patients, and rs11188147 in cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 8 gene (CYP2C8) (discovery : HR = 2.49, 95% CI = 1.06-5.87, P = 0.037; replication: HR = 1.77, 95% CI = 1.06-2.96, P = 0.030), an enzyme involved in the oxidative metabolism of the ES chemotherapeutic agents cyclophosphamide and ifosfamide. None of the associations with tumor response were replicated. CONCLUSION Using an integrated pathway-based approach, we identified polymorphisms in ABCC6, ABCB1 and CYP2C8 associated with OS. These associations were replicated in a large independent cohort, highlighting the importance of pharmacokinetic genes as prognostic markers in ES.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ruiz-Pinto
- Human Genotyping Unit-CeGen, Human Cancer Genetics Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - G Pita
- Human Genotyping Unit-CeGen, Human Cancer Genetics Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - A Patiño-García
- Clinical Genetics Unit, University Clinic of Navarra (CUN), Pamplona, Spain
| | - P García-Miguel
- Department of Pediatric Hemato-Oncology, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - J Alonso
- Pediatric Solid Tumor Laboratory, Human Genetic Department, Research Institute of Rare Diseases, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - A Pérez-Martínez
- Department of Pediatric Hemato-Oncology, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - A Sastre
- Department of Pediatric Hemato-Oncology, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - G Gómez-Mariano
- Pediatric Solid Tumor Laboratory, Human Genetic Department, Research Institute of Rare Diseases, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - A Lissat
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Oncology and Hematology, Charité Universitaetsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - K Scotlandi
- Experimental Oncology Laboratory, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - M Serra
- Experimental Oncology Laboratory, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - R Ladenstein
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Cancer Research Institute, St Anna Kinderkrebsforschung e.V., Medical University, Vienna, Austria
| | - E Lapouble
- Somatic Genetics Unit, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - G Pierron
- Somatic Genetics Unit, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - U Kontny
- Division of Paediatric Haematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Centre, Aachen, Germany
| | - P Picci
- Experimental Oncology Laboratory, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - H Kovar
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Cancer Research Institute, St Anna Kinderkrebsforschung e.V., Medical University, Vienna, Austria
| | - O Delattre
- Inserm U830, Centre de Recherche, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - A González-Neira
- Human Genotyping Unit-CeGen, Human Cancer Genetics Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
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Relation of the Allelic Variants of Multidrug Resistance Gene to Agranulocytosis Associated With Clozapine. J Clin Psychopharmacol 2016; 36:257-61. [PMID: 27043126 DOI: 10.1097/jcp.0000000000000495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Clozapine use is associated with leukopenia and more rarely agranulocytosis, which may be lethal. The drug and its metabolites are proposed to interact with the multidrug resistance transporter (ABCB1/MDR1) gene product, P-glycoprotein (P-gp). Among various P-glycoprotein genetic polymorphisms, nucleotide changes in exons 26 (C3435T), 21 (G2677T), and 12 (C1236T) have been implicated for changes in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of many substrate drugs. In this study, we aimed to investigate the association between these specific ABCB1 polymorphisms and clozapine-associated agranulocytosis (CAA). Ten patients with a history of CAA and 91 control patients without a history of CAA, despite 10 years of continuous clozapine use, were included. Patient recruitment and blood sample collection were conducted at the Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, in collaboration with the members of the Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Disorders Section of the Psychiatric Association of Turkey, working in various psychiatry clinics. After DNA extraction from peripheral blood lymphocytes, genotyping was performed using polymerase chain reaction and endonuclease digestion. Patients with CAA had shorter duration of clozapine use but did not show any significant difference in other clinical, sociodemographic characteristics and in genotypic or allelic distributions of ABCB1 variants and haplotypes compared with control patients. Among the 10 patients with CAA, none carried the ABCB1 all-variant haplotype (TT-TT-TT), whereas the frequency of this haplotype was approximately 12% among the controls. Larger sample size studies and thorough genetic analyses may reveal both genetic risk and protective factors for this serious adverse event.
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17
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Mechanisms of tumor cell resistance to the current targeted-therapy agents. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:10021-39. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-5059-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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Wolking S, Schaeffeler E, Lerche H, Schwab M, Nies AT. Impact of Genetic Polymorphisms of ABCB1 (MDR1, P-Glycoprotein) on Drug Disposition and Potential Clinical Implications: Update of the Literature. Clin Pharmacokinet 2016; 54:709-35. [PMID: 25860377 DOI: 10.1007/s40262-015-0267-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
ATP-binding cassette transporter B1 (ABCB1; P-glycoprotein; multidrug resistance protein 1) is an adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-dependent efflux transporter located in the plasma membrane of many different cell types. Numerous structurally unrelated compounds, including drugs and environmental toxins, have been identified as substrates. ABCB1 limits the absorption of xenobiotics from the gut lumen, protects sensitive tissues (e.g. the brain, fetus and testes) from xenobiotics and is involved in biliary and renal secretion of its substrates. In recent years, a large number of polymorphisms of the ABCB1 [ATP-binding cassette, sub-family B (MDR/TAP), member 1] gene have been described. The variants 1236C>T (rs1128503, p.G412G), 2677G>T/A (rs2032582, p.A893S/T) and 3435C>T (rs1045642, p.I1145I) occur at high allele frequencies and create a common haplotype; therefore, they have been most widely studied. This review provides an overview of clinical studies published between 2002 and March 2015. In summary, the effect of ABCB1 variation on P-glycoprotein expression (messenger RNA and protein expression) and/or activity in various tissues (e.g. the liver, gut and heart) appears to be small. Although polymorphisms and haplotypes of ABCB1 have been associated with alterations in drug disposition and drug response, including adverse events with various ABCB1 substrates in different ethnic populations, the results have been majorly conflicting, with limited clinical relevance. Future research activities are warranted, considering a deep-sequencing approach, as well as well-designed clinical studies with appropriate sample sizes to elucidate the impact of rare ABCB1 variants and their potential consequences for effect sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Wolking
- Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler Strasse 3, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
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19
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Walsh DR, Nolin TD, Friedman PA. Drug Transporters and Na+/H+ Exchange Regulatory Factor PSD-95/Drosophila Discs Large/ZO-1 Proteins. Pharmacol Rev 2016; 67:656-80. [PMID: 26092975 DOI: 10.1124/pr.115.010728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug transporters govern the absorption, distribution, and elimination of pharmacologically active compounds. Members of the solute carrier and ATP binding-cassette drug transporter family mediate cellular drug uptake and efflux processes, thereby coordinating the vectorial movement of drugs across epithelial barriers. To exert their physiologic and pharmacological function in polarized epithelia, drug transporters must be targeted and stabilized to appropriate regions of the cell membrane (i.e., apical versus basolateral). Despite the critical importance of drug transporter membrane targeting, the mechanisms that underlie these processes are largely unknown. Several clinically significant drug transporters possess a recognition sequence that binds to PSD-95/Drosophila discs large/ZO-1 (PDZ) proteins. PDZ proteins, such as the Na(+)/H(+) exchanger regulatory factor (NHERF) family, act to stabilize and organize membrane targeting of multiple transmembrane proteins, including many clinically relevant drug transporters. These PDZ proteins are normally abundant at apical membranes, where they tether membrane-delimited transporters. NHERF expression is particularly high at the apical membrane in polarized tissue such as intestinal, hepatic, and renal epithelia, tissues important to drug disposition. Several recent studies have highlighted NHERF proteins as determinants of drug transporter function secondary to their role in controlling membrane abundance and localization. Mounting evidence strongly suggests that NHERF proteins may have clinically significant roles in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of several pharmacologically active compounds and may affect drug action in cancer and chronic kidney disease. For these reasons, NHERF proteins represent a novel class of post-translational mediators of drug transport and novel targets for new drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dustin R Walsh
- Laboratory for G Protein-Coupled Receptor Biology, Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, and Structural Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (P.A.F.); and Center for Clinical Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy and Therapeutics, University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (D.R.W., T.D.N.)
| | - Thomas D Nolin
- Laboratory for G Protein-Coupled Receptor Biology, Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, and Structural Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (P.A.F.); and Center for Clinical Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy and Therapeutics, University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (D.R.W., T.D.N.)
| | - Peter A Friedman
- Laboratory for G Protein-Coupled Receptor Biology, Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, and Structural Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (P.A.F.); and Center for Clinical Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy and Therapeutics, University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (D.R.W., T.D.N.)
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20
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De Mattia E, Cecchin E, Toffoli G. Pharmacogenomics of intrinsic and acquired pharmacoresistance in colorectal cancer: Toward targeted personalized therapy. Drug Resist Updat 2015; 20:39-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2015.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Revised: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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21
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Daud ANA, Bergman JEH, Bakker MK, Wang H, de Walle HEK, Plösch T, Wilffert B. Pharmacogenetics of drug-induced birth defects: the role of polymorphisms of placental transporter proteins. Pharmacogenomics 2015; 15:1029-41. [PMID: 24956255 DOI: 10.2217/pgs.14.62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the ongoing issues in perinatal medicine is the risk of birth defects associated with maternal drug use. The teratogenic effect of a drug depends, apart from other factors, on the exposition of the fetus to the drug. Transporter proteins are known to be involved in the pharmacokinetics of drugs and have an effect on drug level and fetal drug exposure. This condition may subsequently alter the risk of teratogenicity, which occurs in a dose-dependent manner. This review focuses on the clinically important polymorphisms of transporter proteins and their effects on the mRNA and protein expression in placental tissue. We also propose a novel approach on how the different genotypes of the polymorphism can be translated into phenotypes to facilitate genetic association studies. The last section looks into the recent studies exploring the association between P-glycoprotein polymorphisms and the risk of fetal birth defects associated with medication use during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aizati N A Daud
- Unit of Pharmacotherapy & Pharmaceutical Care, Department of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, 9713AV Groningen, The Netherlands
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22
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Malhi S, Gu X. Nanocarrier-mediated drugs targeting cancer stem cells: an emerging delivery approach. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2015; 12:1177-201. [PMID: 25601619 DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2015.998648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cancer stem cells (CSCs) play an important role in the development of drug resistance, metastasis and recurrence. Current conventional therapies do not commonly target CSCs. Nanocarrier-based delivery systems targeting cancer cells have entered a new era of treatment, where specific targeting to CSCs may offer superior outcomes to efficient cancer therapies. AREAS COVERED This review discusses the involvement of CSCs in tumor progression and relevant mechanisms associated with CSCs resistance to conventional chemo- and radio-therapies. It highlights CSCs-targeted strategies that are either under evaluation or could be explored in the near future, with a focus on various nanocarrier-based delivery systems of drugs and nucleic acids to CSCs. Novel nanocarriers targeting CSCs are presented in a cancer-specific way to provide a current perspective on anti-CSCs therapeutics. EXPERT OPINION The field of CSCs-targeted therapeutics is still emerging with a few small molecules and macromolecules currently proving efficacy in clinical trials. However considering the complexities of CSCs and existing delivery difficulties in conventional anticancer therapies, CSC-specific delivery systems would face tremendous technical and clinical challenges. Nanocarrier-based approaches have demonstrated significant potential in specific drug delivery and targeting; their success in CSCs-targeted drug delivery would not only significantly enhance anticancer treatment but also address current difficulties associated with cancer resistance, metastasis and recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarandeep Malhi
- University of Manitoba, College of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences , 750 McDermot Avenue Winnipeg, MB R3E 0H5 , Canada
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23
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Bruhn O, Cascorbi I. Polymorphisms of the drug transporters ABCB1, ABCG2, ABCC2 and ABCC3 and their impact on drug bioavailability and clinical relevance. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2014; 10:1337-54. [PMID: 25162314 DOI: 10.1517/17425255.2014.952630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Human ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters act as translocators of numerous substrates across extracellular and intracellular membranes, thereby contributing to bioavailability and consequently therapy response. Genetic polymorphisms are considered as critical determinants of expression level or activity and subsequently response to selected drugs. AREAS COVERED Here the influence of polymorphisms of the prominent ABC transporters P-glycoprotein (MDR1, ABCB1), breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP, ABCG2) and the multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP) 2 (ABCC2) as well as MRP3 (ABCC3) on the pharmacokinetic of drugs and associated consequences on therapy response and clinical outcome is discussed. EXPERT OPINION ABC transporter genetic variants were assumed to affect interindividual differences in pharmacokinetics and subsequently clinical response. However, decades of medical research have not yielded in distinct and unconfined reproducible outcomes. Despite some unique results, the majority were inconsistent and dependent on the analyzed cohort or study design. Therefore, variability of bioavailability and drug response may be attributed only by a small amount to polymorphisms in transporter genes, whereas transcriptional regulation or post-transcriptional modification seems to be more critical. In our opinion, currently identified genetic variants of ABC efflux transporters can give some hints on the role of transporters at interfaces but are less suitable as biomarkers to predict therapeutic outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Bruhn
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein , Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, 24105 Kiel , Germany +49 431 597 3500 ; +49 431 597 3522 ;
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Pharmacogenetics of ABC and SLC transporters in metastatic colorectal cancer patients receiving first-line FOLFIRI treatment. Pharmacogenet Genomics 2014; 23:549-57. [PMID: 24018773 DOI: 10.1097/fpc.0b013e328364b6cf] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Membrane transporters are widely recognized as important determinants of drug disposition and response, generating increasing interest on the pharmacological implications of their genetic variations. The aim of this study was to elucidate the predictive/prognostic role of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) and solute carrier (SLC) protein polymorphisms on irinotecan (FOLFIRI regimen) outcome. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 250 White metastatic colorectal cancer patients homogenously treated with a first-line FOLFIRI regimen were genotyped for a panel of variants in five transporter genes. The primary study endpoints were the response rate (partial or complete response), overall survival, and time to progression. Toxicity was considered a secondary endpoint. Irinotecan pharmacokinetic data of 71 patients were used for polymorphism functional analysis. RESULTS Two variants of the ABCG2 (-15622C>T, rs7699188) gene were found to be predictive (P < 0.01) of the response rate. High-order relationships of ABC/SLC markers with previously investigated genetic (UGT1A1 polymorphisms) and nongenetic (primary tumor site) factors that helped determine the response rate were highlighted. A prognostic effect of the ABCB1 rs2032582 variant on patient overall survival emerged (P = 0.0074). The ABCG2 rs7699788 variant was also seen to be associated with grade 3-4 nonhematological toxicity (P = 0.0012). The ABCG2 (-15622C>T, rs7699188) and ABCB1 (rs2032582) polymorphisms were not found to be associated with pharmacokinetic parameters. CONCLUSION This study showed that ABC/SLC polymorphisms have a crucial contribution toward the FOLFIRI outcome. This could represent a further step toward personalized therapy.
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Pastor CM, Müllhaupt B, Stieger B. The Role of Organic Anion Transporters in Diagnosing Liver Diseases by Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Drug Metab Dispos 2014; 42:675-84. [DOI: 10.1124/dmd.113.055707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
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Ono C, Kikkawa H, Suzuki A, Suzuki M, Yamamoto Y, Ichikawa K, Fukae M, Ieiri I. Clinical impact of genetic variants of drug transporters in different ethnic groups within and across regions. Pharmacogenomics 2013; 14:1745-64. [DOI: 10.2217/pgs.13.171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug transporters, together with drug metabolic enzymes, are major determinants of drug disposition and are known to alter the response to many commonly used drugs. Substantial frequency differences for known variants exist across geographic regions for certain drug transporters. To deliver efficacious medicine with the right dose for each patient, it is important to understand the contribution of genetic variants for drug transporters. Recently, mutual pharmacokinetic data usage among Asian regions, which are thought to be relatively similar in their own genetic background, is expected to accelerate new drug applications and reduce developmental costs. Polymorphisms of drug transporters could be key factors to be considered in implementing multiethnic global clinical trials. This review addresses the current knowledge on genetic variations of major drug transporters affecting drug disposition, efficacy and toxicity, focusing on the east Asian populations, and provides insights into future directions for precision medicine and drug development in east Asia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiho Ono
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Clinical Research, Pfizer Japan Inc., 3-22-7, Yoyogi, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 151-8589, Japan
| | - Hironori Kikkawa
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Clinical Research, Pfizer Japan Inc., 3-22-7, Yoyogi, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 151-8589, Japan
| | - Akiyuki Suzuki
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Clinical Research, Pfizer Japan Inc., 3-22-7, Yoyogi, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 151-8589, Japan
| | - Misaki Suzuki
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Clinical Research, Pfizer Japan Inc., 3-22-7, Yoyogi, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 151-8589, Japan
| | - Yuichi Yamamoto
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Clinical Research, Pfizer Japan Inc., 3-22-7, Yoyogi, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 151-8589, Japan
| | - Katsuomi Ichikawa
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Clinical Research, Pfizer Japan Inc., 3-22-7, Yoyogi, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 151-8589, Japan
| | - Masato Fukae
- Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ichiro Ieiri
- Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Pfeifer ND, Hardwick RN, Brouwer KLR. Role of hepatic efflux transporters in regulating systemic and hepatocyte exposure to xenobiotics. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2013; 54:509-35. [PMID: 24160696 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-011613-140021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Hepatic efflux transporters include numerous well-known and emerging proteins localized to the canalicular or basolateral membrane of the hepatocyte that are responsible for the excretion of drugs into the bile or blood, respectively. Altered function of hepatic efflux transporters due to drug-drug interactions, genetic variation, and/or disease states may lead to changes in xenobiotic exposure in the hepatocyte and/or systemic circulation. This review focuses on transport proteins involved in the hepatocellular efflux of drugs and metabolites, discusses mechanisms of altered transporter function as well as the interplay between multiple transport pathways, and highlights the importance of considering intracellular unbound concentrations of transporter substrates and/or inhibitors. Methods to evaluate hepatic efflux transport and predict the effects of impaired transporter function on systemic and hepatocyte exposure are discussed, and the sandwich-cultured hepatocyte model to evaluate comprehensively the role of hepatic efflux in the hepatobiliary disposition of xenobiotics is characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan D Pfeifer
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599; ,
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König J, Müller F, Fromm MF. Transporters and drug-drug interactions: important determinants of drug disposition and effects. Pharmacol Rev 2013; 65:944-66. [PMID: 23686349 DOI: 10.1124/pr.113.007518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 389] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Uptake and efflux transporters determine plasma and tissue concentrations of a broad variety of drugs. They are localized in organs such as small intestine, liver, and kidney, which are critical for drug absorption and elimination. Moreover, they can be found in important blood-tissue barriers such as the blood-brain barrier. Inhibition or induction of drug transporters by coadministered drugs can alter pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the victim drugs. This review will summarize in particular clinically observed drug-drug interactions attributable to inhibition or induction of intestinal export transporters [P-glycoprotein (P-gp), breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP)], to inhibition of hepatic uptake transporters [organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATPs)], or to inhibition of transporter-mediated [organic anion transporters (OATs), organic cation transporter 2 (OCT2), multidrug and toxin extrusion proteins (MATEs), P-gp] renal secretion of xenobiotics. Available data on the impact of nutrition on transport processes as well as genotype-dependent, transporter-mediated drug-drug interactions will be discussed. We will also present and discuss data on the variable extent to which information on the impact of transporters on drug disposition is included in summaries of product characteristics of selected countries (SPCs). Further work is required regarding a better understanding of the role of the drug metabolism-drug transport interplay for drug-drug interactions and on the extrapolation of in vitro findings to the in vivo (human) situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörg König
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Clinical Pharmacology and Clinical Toxicology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany
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Zuo Jin Wan, a Traditional Chinese Herbal Formula, Reverses P-gp-Mediated MDR In Vitro and In Vivo. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:957078. [PMID: 23533531 PMCID: PMC3603672 DOI: 10.1155/2013/957078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2012] [Accepted: 01/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Zuo Jin Wan (ZJW), a typical traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula, has been identified to have anticancer activity in recent studies. In this study, we determined the underlying mechanism of ZJW in the reversal effect of multidrug resistance on colorectal cancer in vitro and in vivo. Our results showed that ZJW significantly enhanced the sensitivity of chemotherapeutic drugs in HCT116/L-OHP, SGC7901/DDP, and Bel/Fu MDR cells. Moreover, combination of chemotherapy with ZJW could reverse the drug resistance of HCT116/L-OHP cells, increase the sensitivity of HCT116/L-OHP cells to L-OHP, DDP, 5-Fu, and MMC in vitro, and inhibit the tumor growth in the colorectal MDR cancer xenograft model. ICP-MS results showed that ZJW could increase the concentration of chemotherapeutic drugs in HCT116/L-OHP cells in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, we showed that ZJW could reverse drug resistance of colorectal cancer cells by decreasing P-gp level in vitro and in vivo, which has been represented as one of the major mechanisms that contribute to the MDR phenotype. Our study has provided the first direct evidence that ZJW plays an important role in reversing multidrug resistance of human colorectal cancer and may be considered as a useful target for cancer therapy.
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Rubiś B, Hołysz H, Barczak W, Gryczka R, Łaciński M, Jagielski P, Czernikiewicz A, Półrolniczak A, Wojewoda A, Perz K, Białek P, Morze K, Kanduła Z, Lisiak N, Mrozikiewicz PM, Grodecka-Gazdecka S, Rybczyńska M. Study of ABCB1 polymorphism frequency in breast cancer patients from Poland. Pharmacol Rep 2012; 64:1560-6. [DOI: 10.1016/s1734-1140(12)70954-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2011] [Revised: 08/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Associations between ABCC2 polymorphisms and cisplatin disposition and efficacy. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2012; 91:1022-6. [PMID: 22534871 DOI: 10.1038/clpt.2011.330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
ABCC2 (MRP2, cMOAT) expression has been implicated in cisplatin resistance in vitro. In mice, cisplatin disposition and toxicity were unaffected by Abcc2 knockout (Abcc2−/−). Moreover, in cancer patients (n = 237), cisplatin pharmacokinetics (P > 0.12) and efficacy (P > 0.41) were not associated with seven of the single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in ABCC2. These SNPs were also not correlated with ABCC2 expression in the NCI60 panel (P > 0.26) or with cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity (P = 0.21). These findings highlight the importance of verifying drug-transporter interactions with in vitro tests in humans.
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Campa D, Müller P, Edler L, Knoefel L, Barale R, Heussel CP, Thomas M, Canzian F, Risch A. A comprehensive study of polymorphisms inABCB1, ABCC2andABCG2and lung cancer chemotherapy response and prognosis. Int J Cancer 2012; 131:2920-8. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.27567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2011] [Accepted: 02/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Natarajan K, Xie Y, Baer MR, Ross DD. Role of breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP/ABCG2) in cancer drug resistance. Biochem Pharmacol 2012; 83:1084-103. [PMID: 22248732 PMCID: PMC3307098 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2012.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 296] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2011] [Revised: 01/02/2012] [Accepted: 01/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Since cloning of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) family member breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP/ABCG2) and its characterization as a multidrug resistance efflux transporter in 1998, BCRP has been the subject of more than two thousand scholarly articles. In normal tissues, BCRP functions as a defense mechanism against toxins and xenobiotics, with expression in the gut, bile canaliculi, placenta, blood-testis and blood-brain barriers facilitating excretion and limiting absorption of potentially toxic substrate molecules, including many cancer chemotherapeutic drugs. BCRP also plays a key role in heme and folate homeostasis, which may help normal cells survive under conditions of hypoxia. BCRP expression appears to be a characteristic of certain normal tissue stem cells termed "side population cells," which are identified on flow cytometric analysis by their ability to exclude Hoechst 33342, a BCRP substrate fluorescent dye. Hence, BCRP expression may contribute to the natural resistance and longevity of these normal stem cells. Malignant tissues can exploit the properties of BCRP to survive hypoxia and to evade exposure to chemotherapeutic drugs. Evidence is mounting that many cancers display subpopulations of stem cells that are responsible for tumor self-renewal. Such stem cells frequently manifest the "side population" phenotype characterized by expression of BCRP and other ABC transporters. Along with other factors, these transporters may contribute to the inherent resistance of these neoplasms and their failure to be cured.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yi Xie
- University of Maryland Greenebaum Cancer Center
| | - Maria R. Baer
- University of Maryland Greenebaum Cancer Center
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine
| | - Douglas D. Ross
- University of Maryland Greenebaum Cancer Center
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine
- Departments of Pathology, and Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, University of Maryland, School of Medicine
- Staff Physician, Baltimore VA Medical Center
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Shaffer BC, Gillet JP, Patel C, Baer MR, Bates SE, Gottesman MM. Drug resistance: still a daunting challenge to the successful treatment of AML. Drug Resist Updat 2012; 15:62-9. [PMID: 22409994 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2012.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Resistance to chemotherapy remains a challenging issue for patients and their physicians. P-glycoprotein (Pgp, MDR1, ABCB1), as well as a family of structurally and functionally related proteins, are plasma membrane transporters able to efflux a variety of substrates from the cell cytoplasm, including chemotherapeutic agents. The discovery of ABCB1 made available a potential target for pharmacologic down-regulation of efflux-mediated chemotherapy resistance. In patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), a neoplasm characterized by proliferation of poorly differentiated myeloid progenitor cells, leukemic cells often express ABCB1 at high levels, which may lead to the development of resistance to chemotherapy. Thus, AML seemed to be a likely cancer for which the addition of drug efflux inhibitors to the chemotherapeutic regimen would improve outcomes in patients. Despite this rational hypothesis, the majority of clinical trials evaluating this strategy have failed to reach a positive endpoint, most recently the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group E3999 trial. Here we review data suggesting the importance of ABCB1 in AML, address the failure of clinical trials to support a therapeutic strategy aimed at modulating ABCB1-mediated resistance, and consider the type of research that should be conducted in this field going forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian C Shaffer
- Medical Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-4255, USA
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Omidi Y, Barar J. Impacts of blood-brain barrier in drug delivery and targeting of brain tumors. BIOIMPACTS : BI 2012; 2:5-22. [PMID: 23678437 DOI: 10.5681/bi.2012.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2011] [Revised: 11/26/2011] [Accepted: 12/20/2011] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Entry of blood circulating agents into the brain is highly selectively con-trolled by specific transport machineries at the blood brain barrier (BBB), whose excellent barrier restrictiveness make brain drug delivery and targeting very challenging. METHODS Essential information on BBB cellular microenvironment were reviewed and discussed towards impacts of BBB on brain drug delivery and targeting. RESULTS Brain capillary endothelial cells (BCECs) form unique biological structure and architecture in association with astrocytes and pericytes, in which microenvironment the BCECs express restrictive tight junctional complexes that block the paracellular inward/outward traverse of biomolecules/compounds. These cells selectively/specifically control the transportation process through carrier and/or receptor mediated transport machineries that can also be exploited for the delivery of pharmaceuticals into the brain. Intelligent molecular therapies should be designed using such transport machineries for the efficient delivery of designated drugs into the brain. For better clinical outcomes, these smart pharmaceuticals should be engineered as seamless nanosystems to provide simultaneous imaging and therapy (multimodal theranostics). CONCLUSION The exceptional functional presence of BBB selectively controls inward and outward transportation mechanisms, thus advanced smart multifunctional nanomedicines are needed for the effective brain drug delivery and targeting. Fully understanding the biofunctions of BBB appears to be a central step for engineering of intelligent seamless therapeutics consisting of homing device for targeting, imaging moiety for detecting, and stimuli responsive device for on-demand liberation of therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadollah Omidi
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran ; Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Caronia D, Patiño-Garcia A, Peréz-Martínez A, Pita G, Moreno LT, Zalacain-Díez M, Molina B, Colmenero I, Sierrasesúmaga L, Benítez J, Gonzalez-Neira A. Effect of ABCB1 and ABCC3 polymorphisms on osteosarcoma survival after chemotherapy: a pharmacogenetic study. PLoS One 2011; 6:e26091. [PMID: 22016816 PMCID: PMC3189235 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0026091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2011] [Accepted: 09/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Standard treatment for osteosarcoma patients consists of a combination of cisplatin, adriamycin, and methotrexate before surgical resection of the primary tumour, followed by postoperative chemotherapy including vincristine and cyclophosphamide. Unfortunately, many patients still relapse or suffer adverse events. We examined whether common germline polymorphisms in chemotherapeutic transporter and metabolic pathway genes of the drugs used in standard osteosarcoma treatment may predict treatment response. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS In this study we screened 102 osteosarcoma patients for 346 Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) and 2 Copy Number Variants (CNVs) in 24 genes involved in the metabolism or transport of cisplatin, adriamycin, methotrexate, vincristine, and cyclophosphamide. We studied the association of the genotypes with tumour response and overall survival. We found that four SNPs in two ATP-binding cassette genes were significantly associated with overall survival: rs4148416 in ABCC3 (per-allele HR = 8.14, 95%CI = 2.73-20.2, p-value = 5.1×10⁻⁵), and three SNPs in ABCB1, rs4148737 (per-allele HR = 3.66, 95%CI = 1.85-6.11, p-value = 6.9×10⁻⁵), rs1128503 and rs10276036 (r² = 1, per-allele HR = 0.24, 95%CI = 0.11-0.47 p-value = 7.9×10⁻⁵). Associations with these SNPs remained statistically significant after correction for multiple testing (all corrected p-values [permutation test] ≤ 0.03). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that these polymorphisms may affect osteosarcoma treatment efficacy. If these associations are independently validated, these variants could be used as genetic predictors of clinical outcome in the treatment of osteosarcoma, helping in the design of individualized therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Caronia
- Human Genotyping Unit-CeGen, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Patiño-Garcia
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Navarra and University Clinic, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Antonio Peréz-Martínez
- Pediatric Oncology Department, Universitary Children's Hospital Niño Jesus, Madrid, Spain
| | - Guillermo Pita
- Human Genotyping Unit-CeGen, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Leticia Tais Moreno
- Human Genotyping Unit-CeGen, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Zalacain-Díez
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Navarra and University Clinic, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Blanca Molina
- Pediatric Oncology Department, Universitary Children's Hospital Niño Jesus, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Colmenero
- Pediatric Oncology Department, Universitary Children's Hospital Niño Jesus, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Sierrasesúmaga
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Navarra and University Clinic, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Javier Benítez
- Human Genotyping Unit-CeGen, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid, Spain
- Human Genetics Group, Human Cancer Genetics Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Anna Gonzalez-Neira
- Human Genotyping Unit-CeGen, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail:
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Kapitulnik J. Drug transport and metabolism in the blood-brain barrier. Front Pharmacol 2011; 2:37. [PMID: 21811462 PMCID: PMC3139925 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2011.00037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2011] [Accepted: 07/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Kapitulnik
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Jerusalem, Israel
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Gillet JP, Gottesman MM. Advances in the molecular detection of ABC transporters involved in multidrug resistance in cancer. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2011; 12:686-92. [PMID: 21118086 PMCID: PMC3188423 DOI: 10.2174/138920111795163931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2010] [Accepted: 04/20/2010] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
ATP-Binding Cassette (ABC) transporters are important mediators of multidrug resistance (MDR) in patients with cancer. Although their role in MDR has been extensively studied in vitro, their value in predicting response to chemotherapy has yet to be fully determined. Establishing a molecular diagnostic assay dedicated to the quantitation of ABC transporter genes is therefore critical to investigate their involvement in clinical MDR. In this article, we provide an overview of the methodologies that have been applied to analyze the mRNA expression levels of ABC transporters, by describing the technology, its pros and cons, and the experimental protocols that have been followed. We also discuss recent studies performed in our laboratory that assess the ability of the currently available high-throughput gene expression profiling platforms to discriminate between highly homologous genes. This work led to the conclusion that high-throughput TaqMan-based qRT-PCR platforms provide standardized clinical assays for the molecular detection of ABC transporters and other families of highly homologous MDR-linked genes encoding, for example, the uptake transporters (solute carriers-SLCs) and the phase I and II metabolism enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Pierre Gillet
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, USA
| | - Michael M. Gottesman
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, USA
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Cascorbi I. P-glycoprotein: tissue distribution, substrates, and functional consequences of genetic variations. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2011:261-283. [PMID: 21103972 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-14541-4_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
P-glycoprotein (ABCB1, MDR1) belongs to the ABC transporter family transporting a wide range of drugs and xenobiotics from intra- to extracellular at many biological interfaces such as the intestine, liver, blood-brain barrier, and kidney. The ABCB1 gene is highly polymorphic. Starting with the observation of lower duodenal protein expression and elevated digoxin bioavailability in relation to the 3435C>T single nucleotide polymorphism, hundreds of pharmacokinetic and outcome studies have been performed, mostly genotyping 1236C>T, 2677G>T/A, and 3435C>T. Though some studies pointed out that intracellular concentrations of anticancer drugs, for example, within lymphocytes, might be affected by ABCB1 variants resulting in differential outcome, current knowledge of the functional significance genetic variants of ABC membrane transporters does not allow selection of a particular SNP to predict an individual's pharmacokinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingolf Cascorbi
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany.
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Rodrigues AC. Efflux and uptake transporters as determinants of statin response. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2010; 6:621-32. [PMID: 20367534 DOI: 10.1517/17425251003713519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE OF THE FIELD The important role of drug transporters in drug absorption and disposition has been well documented. Statins are subjected to active transport of membrane proteins of the superfamilies ATP-binding cassette and solute carrier, and there is limited understanding of the mechanisms by which differences in transporter expression and activity contributes to variability of pharmacokinetics (PKs)/pharmacodynamics (PDs) of statins. AREAS COVERED IN THIS REVIEW This review aims to discuss the roles of drug transporters in the PKs and PDs of statins, and in drug interactions with statins. WHAT THE READER WILL GAIN A comprehensive summary of the literature on this subject including in vitro and in vivo observations. TAKE HOME MESSAGE In vivo and in vitro studies have shown that efflux and uptake transporters modulate the PKs/PDs of statins. Until now organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATP)1B1 variants have been considered major factors in limiting the uptake of statins and increasing statin exposure, and, consequently, increasing risk of myopathy. Further studies in pharmacogenetics and in vitro models to assess statin disposition and toxicity are required to understand the contribution of others transporters, such as multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP)1, MRP2, breast cancer resistance protein, OATP2B1, OAT1B3 and OATP1A2, in interindividual variability to statins efficacy and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice C Rodrigues
- University of Sao Paulo, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 580, bl17s, Sao Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil.
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