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Dai L, Du L. Genes in pediatric pulmonary arterial hypertension and the most promising BMPR2 gene therapy. Front Genet 2022; 13:961848. [PMID: 36506323 PMCID: PMC9730536 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.961848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare but progressive and lethal vascular disease of diverse etiologies, mainly caused by proliferation of endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells in the pulmonary artery, and fibroblasts, which ultimately leads to right-heart hypertrophy and cardiac failure. Recent genetic studies of childhood-onset PAH report that there is a greater genetic burden in children than in adults. Since the first-identified pathogenic gene of PAH, BMPR2, which encodes bone morphogenetic protein receptor 2, a receptor in the transforming growth factor-β superfamily, was discovered, novel causal genes have been identified and substantially sharpened our insights into the molecular genetics of childhood-onset PAH. Currently, some newly identified deleterious genetic variants in additional genes implicated in childhood-onset PAH, such as potassium channels (KCNK3) and transcription factors (TBX4 and SOX17), have been reported and have greatly updated our understanding of the disease mechanism. In this review, we summarized and discussed the advances of genetic variants underlying childhood-onset PAH susceptibility and potential mechanism, and the most promising BMPR2 gene therapy and gene delivery approaches to treat childhood-onset PAH in the future.
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Lin G, Lin L, Lin H, Chen W, Chen L, Chen X, Chen S, Lin Q, Xu Y, Zeng Y. KCNK3 inhibits proliferation and glucose metabolism of lung adenocarcinoma via activation of AMPK-TXNIP pathway. Cell Death Dis 2022; 8:360. [PMID: 35963847 PMCID: PMC9376064 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-022-01152-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a primary histological subtype of lung cancer with increased morbidity and mortality. K+ channels have been revealed to be involved in carcinogenesis in various malignant tumors. However, TWIK-related acid-sensitive potassium channel 1 (TASK-1, also called KCNK3), a genetic member of K2P channels, remains an enigma in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). Herein, we investigated the pathological process of KCNK3 in proliferation and glucose metabolism of LUAD. The expressions of KCNK3 in LUAD tissues and corresponding adjacent tissues were identified by RNA sequencing, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, western blot, and immunohistochemistry. Gain and loss-of-function assays were performed to estimate the role of KCNK3 in proliferation and glucose metabolism of LUAD. Additionally, energy metabolites of LUAD cells were identified by targeted metabolomics analysis. The expressions of metabolic molecules and active biomarkers associated with AMPK-TXNIP signaling pathway were detected via western blot and immunofluorescence. KCNK3 was significantly downregulated in LUAD tissues and correlated with patients' poor prognosis. Overexpression of KCNK3 largely regulated the process of oncogenesis and glycometabolism in LUAD in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistic studies found that KCNK3-mediated differential metabolites were mainly enriched in AMPK signaling pathway. Furthermore, rescue experiments demonstrated that KCNK3 suppressed proliferation and glucose metabolism via activation of the AMPK-TXNIP pathway in LUAD cells. In summary, our research highlighted an emerging role of KCNK3 in the proliferative activity and glycometabolism of LUAD, suggesting that KCNK3 may be an optimal predictor for prognosis and a potential therapeutic target of LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guofu Lin
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian province, 362000, China.,Respiratory Medicine Center of Fujian Province, Quanzhou, Fujian province, 362000, China.,The Second Clinical College, Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian province, 362000, China
| | - Lanlan Lin
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian province, 362000, China.,Respiratory Medicine Center of Fujian Province, Quanzhou, Fujian province, 362000, China.,The Second Clinical College, Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian province, 362000, China
| | - Hai Lin
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian province, 362000, China.,Respiratory Medicine Center of Fujian Province, Quanzhou, Fujian province, 362000, China.,The Second Clinical College, Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian province, 362000, China
| | - Wenhan Chen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian province, 362000, China.,Respiratory Medicine Center of Fujian Province, Quanzhou, Fujian province, 362000, China.,The Second Clinical College, Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian province, 362000, China
| | - Luyang Chen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian province, 362000, China.,Respiratory Medicine Center of Fujian Province, Quanzhou, Fujian province, 362000, China.,The Second Clinical College, Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian province, 362000, China
| | - Xiaohui Chen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian province, 362000, China.,Respiratory Medicine Center of Fujian Province, Quanzhou, Fujian province, 362000, China.,The Second Clinical College, Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian province, 362000, China
| | - Shaohua Chen
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian province, 362000, China
| | - Qinhui Lin
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian province, 362000, China.,Respiratory Medicine Center of Fujian Province, Quanzhou, Fujian province, 362000, China
| | - Yuan Xu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian province, 362000, China. .,Respiratory Medicine Center of Fujian Province, Quanzhou, Fujian province, 362000, China. .,Clinical Research Unit, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian province, 362000, China.
| | - Yiming Zeng
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian province, 362000, China. .,Respiratory Medicine Center of Fujian Province, Quanzhou, Fujian province, 362000, China. .,Clinical Research Unit, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian province, 362000, China.
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Han L, Song N, Hu X, Zhu A, Wei X, Liu J, Yuan S, Mao W, Chen X. Inhibition of RELM-β prevents hypoxia-induced overproliferation of human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells by reversing PLC-mediated KCNK3 decline. Life Sci 2020; 246:117419. [PMID: 32045592 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Although resistin-like molecule β (RELM-β) is involved in the pathological processes of various lung diseases, such as pulmonary inflammation, asthma and fibrosis, its potential roles in hypoxic pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) remain largely unknown. The study aims to investigate whether RELM-β contributes to hypoxia-induced excessive proliferation of human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) and to explore the potential mechanisms of this process. MAIN METHODS Human PASMCs were exposed to normoxia or hypoxia (1% O2) for 24 h. siRNA targeting RELM-β was transfected into cells. Protein levels of KCNK3, RELM-β, pSTAT3 and STAT3 were determined by immunoblotting. The translocation of NFATc2 and expression of KCNK3 were visualized by immunofluorescence. 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine assays and cell counting kit-8 assays were performed to assess the proliferation of PASMCs. KEY FINDINGS (1) Chronic hypoxia significantly decreased KCNK3 protein levels while upregulating RELM-β protein levels in human PASMCs, which was accompanied by excessive proliferation of cells. (2) RELM-β could promote human PASMCs proliferation and activate the STAT3/NFAT axis by downregulating KCNK3 protein under normoxia. (3) Inhibition of RELM-β expression effectively prevented KCNK3-mediated cell proliferation under hypoxia. (4) Phospholipase C (PLC) inhibitor U-73122 could not only prevent the hypoxia/RELM-β-induced decrease in KCNK3 protein, but also inhibit the enhanced cell viability caused by hypoxia/RELM-β. (5) Both hypoxia and RELM-β could downregulate membrane KCNK3 protein levels by enhancing endocytosis. SIGNIFICANCE RELM-β activation is responsible for hypoxia-induced excessive proliferation of human PASMCs. Interfering with RELM-β may alleviate the progression of hypoxic PAH by upregulating PLC-dependent KCNK3 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Han
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Nannan Song
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Xiaomin Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Afang Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, CAMS&PUMC, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Wei
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Jinmin Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Shiying Yuan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Weike Mao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
| | - Xiangdong Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
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Chemoreceptors as a key to understanding carcinogenesis process. Semin Cancer Biol 2019; 60:362-364. [PMID: 31622661 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The tissue organization field theory (TOFT) presented completely new, different from the previous one, perspective of research on neoplasm processes. It implicates that secretory neuroepithelial-like cells (NECs), putative chemoreceptors are probably responsible for the control of squamous epithelial cells proliferation in the digestive tract during hypoxia in gut breathing fish (GBF). On the other hand, chemoreceptors dysfunction can lead to uncontrolled proliferation and risk of cancer development in mammals, including humans. The studies on NECs like cells (signal capturing and transduction) may be crucial for understanding the processes of controlling the proliferation of squamous epithelial cells in the digestive tract of GBF fish during hypoxia states. This knowledge can contribute to the explanation of cancer processes.
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Olschewski A, Veale EL, Nagy BM, Nagaraj C, Kwapiszewska G, Antigny F, Lambert M, Humbert M, Czirják G, Enyedi P, Mathie A. TASK-1 (KCNK3) channels in the lung: from cell biology to clinical implications. Eur Respir J 2017; 50:50/5/1700754. [PMID: 29122916 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00754-2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
TWIK-related acid-sensitive potassium channel 1 (TASK-1 encoded by KCNK3) belongs to the family of two-pore domain potassium channels. This gene subfamily is constitutively active at physiological resting membrane potentials in excitable cells, including smooth muscle cells, and has been particularly linked to the human pulmonary circulation. TASK-1 channels are sensitive to a wide array of physiological and pharmacological mediators that affect their activity such as unsaturated fatty acids, extracellular pH, hypoxia, anaesthetics and intracellular signalling pathways. Recent studies show that modulation of TASK-1 channels, either directly or indirectly by targeting their regulatory mechanisms, has the potential to control pulmonary arterial tone in humans. Furthermore, mutations in KCNK3 have been identified as a rare cause of both familial and idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension. This review summarises our current state of knowledge of the functional role of TASK-1 channels in the pulmonary circulation in health and disease, with special emphasis on current advancements in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Olschewski
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research Graz, Graz, Austria .,Institute of Physiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Emma L Veale
- Medway School of Pharmacy, University of Kent, Central Avenue, Chatham Maritime, UK
| | - Bence M Nagy
- Institute of Physiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Chandran Nagaraj
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research Graz, Graz, Austria.,Institute of Physiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Grazyna Kwapiszewska
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research Graz, Graz, Austria.,Institute of Physiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Fabrice Antigny
- Univ. Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,AP-HP, Centre de Référence de l'Hypertension Pulmonaire Sévère, Département Hospitalo-Universitaire (DHU) Thorax Innovation, Service de Pneumologie et Réanimation Respiratoire, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,UMRS 999, INSERM and Univ. Paris-Sud, Laboratoire d'Excellence (LabEx) en Recherche sur le Médicament et l'Innovation Thérapeutique (LERMIT), Hôpital-Marie-Lannelongue, Le Plessis Robinson, France
| | - Mélanie Lambert
- Univ. Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,AP-HP, Centre de Référence de l'Hypertension Pulmonaire Sévère, Département Hospitalo-Universitaire (DHU) Thorax Innovation, Service de Pneumologie et Réanimation Respiratoire, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,UMRS 999, INSERM and Univ. Paris-Sud, Laboratoire d'Excellence (LabEx) en Recherche sur le Médicament et l'Innovation Thérapeutique (LERMIT), Hôpital-Marie-Lannelongue, Le Plessis Robinson, France
| | - Marc Humbert
- Univ. Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,AP-HP, Centre de Référence de l'Hypertension Pulmonaire Sévère, Département Hospitalo-Universitaire (DHU) Thorax Innovation, Service de Pneumologie et Réanimation Respiratoire, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,UMRS 999, INSERM and Univ. Paris-Sud, Laboratoire d'Excellence (LabEx) en Recherche sur le Médicament et l'Innovation Thérapeutique (LERMIT), Hôpital-Marie-Lannelongue, Le Plessis Robinson, France
| | - Gábor Czirják
- Dept of Physiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Enyedi
- Dept of Physiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Alistair Mathie
- Medway School of Pharmacy, University of Kent, Central Avenue, Chatham Maritime, UK
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Kitagawa MG, Reynolds JO, Wehrens XHT, Bryan RM, Pandit LM. Hemodynamic and Pathologic Characterization of the TASK-1 -/- Mouse Does Not Demonstrate Pulmonary Hypertension. Front Med (Lausanne) 2017; 4:177. [PMID: 29109948 PMCID: PMC5660113 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2017.00177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Pulmonary hypertension (PH) carries significant associated morbidity and mortality and the underlying molecular mechanisms of PH are not well understood. Loss-of-function mutations in TASK-1 potassium channels are associated with PH in humans. Although TASK-1 has been considered in the development of PH for over a decade, characterization of TASK-1 knockout mice has been limited to in vitro studies or in vivo studies in room air at isolated time points. The purpose of this study was twofold. First, we sought to determine if TASK-/- male and female mice developed PH over the span of one year. Second, we sought to determine the effect of chronic hypoxia, a stimulus for PH, and its recovery on PH in TASK-1-/- mice. Methods We measured right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP) and vascular remodeling in male and female C57BL/6 WT and TASK-1-/- mice at separate time points: 20-24 weeks and 1 year of age. Additionally, we measured RVSP and vascular remodeling in TASK-1-/- and wild-type mice between 13 and 16 weeks of age exposed to 10% hypoxia for 3 weeks followed by recovery to room air conditions for an additional 6 weeks. Results RVSP was similar between WT and TASK-/- mice. Male and female WT and TASK-1-/- mice all demonstrated age-related increases in RVSP, which correlated to age-related vascular remodeling in male mice but not in female mice. Male TASK-1-/- and WT mice exposed to chronic hypoxia demonstrated increased RVSP, which decreased following room air recovery. WT and TASK-1-/- male mice demonstrated vascular remodeling upon exposure to hypoxia that persisted in room air recovery. Conclusion Female and male TASK-1-/- mice do not develop hemodynamic or vascular evidence for PH, but RVSP rises in an age-dependent manner independent of genotype. TASK-1-/- and WT male mice develop hypoxia-induced elevations in RVSP that decrease to baseline after recovery in room air. TASK-1-/- and WT male mice demonstrate vascular remodeling after exposure to hypoxia that persists despite recovery to room air conditions and does not correlate with RVSP normalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie G Kitagawa
- Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Julia O Reynolds
- Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, TX, United States.,Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | | | | | - Lavannya M Pandit
- Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, TX, United States.,Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
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Bohnen MS, Roman-Campos D, Terrenoire C, Jnani J, Sampson KJ, Chung WK, Kass RS. The Impact of Heterozygous KCNK3 Mutations Associated With Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension on Channel Function and Pharmacological Recovery. J Am Heart Assoc 2017; 6:JAHA.117.006465. [PMID: 28889099 PMCID: PMC5634293 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.117.006465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heterozygous loss of function mutations in the KCNK3 gene cause hereditary pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). KCNK3 encodes an acid-sensitive potassium channel, which contributes to the resting potential of human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells. KCNK3 is widely expressed in the body, and dimerizes with other KCNK3 subunits, or the closely related, acid-sensitive KCNK9 channel. METHODS AND RESULTS We engineered homomeric and heterodimeric mutant and nonmutant KCNK3 channels associated with PAH. Using whole-cell patch-clamp electrophysiology in human pulmonary artery smooth muscle and COS7 cell lines, we determined that homomeric and heterodimeric mutant channels in heterozygous KCNK3 conditions lead to mutation-specific severity of channel dysfunction. Both wildtype and mutant KCNK3 channels were activated by ONO-RS-082 (10 μmol/L), causing cell hyperpolarization. We observed robust gene expression of KCNK3 in healthy and familial PAH patient lungs, but no quantifiable expression of KCNK9, and demonstrated in functional studies that KCNK9 minimizes the impact of select KCNK3 mutations when the 2 channel subunits co-assemble. CONCLUSIONS Heterozygous KCNK3 mutations in PAH lead to variable loss of channel function via distinct mechanisms. Homomeric and heterodimeric mutant KCNK3 channels represent novel therapeutic substrates in PAH. Pharmacological and pH-dependent activation of wildtype and mutant KCNK3 channels in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells leads to membrane hyperpolarization. Co-assembly of KCNK3 with KCNK9 subunits may provide protection against KCNK3 loss of function in tissues where both KCNK9 and KCNK3 are expressed, contributing to the lung-specific phenotype observed clinically in patients with PAH because of KCNK3 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S Bohnen
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | | | - Cecile Terrenoire
- Department of Biophysics, Paulista School of Medicine, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jack Jnani
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Kevin J Sampson
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Wendy K Chung
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Robert S Kass
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY
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8
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Du G, Wang S, Li Z, Liu J. Sevoflurane Posttreatment Attenuates Lung Injury Induced by Oleic Acid in Dogs. Anesth Analg 2017; 124:1555-1563. [PMID: 28431421 DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000002034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In animal models, both sevoflurane and propofol protect against acute lung injury (ALI), especially when administered prior to ALI onset. We hypothesized that when compared to propofol, sevoflurane administration after the onset of acute respiratory distress syndrome would mitigate oleic acid (OA)-induced ALI in dogs. METHODS Dogs were randomly assigned to receive intravenous OA to induce ALI (n = 7 for each OA group) or saline as an OA control (n = 6 for each control). Dogs were then mechanically ventilated for 6 hours during which propofol (5 mg/kg/h) or sevoflurane (1.0 minimum alveolar concentration) was administered for sedation. Study end points included PO2/FIO2 ratio, pulmonary arterial pressure, pulmonary edema, histology, and tumor nuclear factor-α. RESULTS In OA-injured animals, oxygenation was worse at 1, 2, 3, and 4 hours after 6-hour mechanical ventilation in sevoflurane-sedated animals compared with propofol-sedated animals, with mean difference (95% confidence interval; propofol minus sevoflurane) of 75 (39-111), 87 (55-119), 66 (44-87), and 67 (27-107) mm Hg for the respective time points. However, sevoflurane reduced the elevated pulmonary arterial pressure and vascular resistance, attenuated pulmonary edema as evidenced by reduced extravascular lung water index, and decreased tumor nuclear factor-α and diffuse alveolar damage score compared with propofol in the OA-injured lungs. CONCLUSIONS When compared with propofol, sevoflurane attenuates OA-induced lung damage. However, despite this effect on lung histology and inflammation, sevoflurane worsened oxygenation in OA-induced ALI, possibly via inhibition of hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guizhi Du
- From the *Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; †Department of Neurology, The Second People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; and ‡Department of Pharmacy, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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9
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Ma L, Chung WK. The role of genetics in pulmonary arterial hypertension. J Pathol 2016; 241:273-280. [PMID: 27770446 DOI: 10.1002/path.4833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Group 1 pulmonary hypertension or pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare disease characterized by proliferation and occlusion of small pulmonary arterioles, leading to progressive elevation of pulmonary artery pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance, and right ventricular failure. Historically, it has been associated with a high mortality rate, although, over the last decade, treatment has improved survival. PAH includes idiopathic PAH (IPAH), heritable PAH (HPAH), and PAH associated with certain medical conditions. The aetiology of PAH is heterogeneous, and genetics play an important role in some cases. Mutations in BMPR2, encoding bone morphogenetic protein receptor 2, a member of the transforming growth factor-β superfamily of receptors, have been identified in 70% of cases of HPAH, and in 10-40% of cases of IPAH. Other genetic causes of PAH include mutations in the genes encoding activin receptor-like type 1, endoglin, SMAD9, caveolin 1, and potassium two-pore-domain channel subfamily K member 3. Mutations in the gene encoding T-box 4 have been identified in 10-30% of paediatric PAH patients, but rarely in adults with PAH. PAH in children is much more heterogeneous than in adults, and can be associated with several genetic syndromes, congenital heart disease, pulmonary disease, and vascular disease. In addition to rare mutations as a monogenic cause of HPAH, common variants in the gene encoding cerebellin 2 increase the risk of PAH by approximately two-fold. A PAH panel of genes is available for clinical testing, and should be considered for use in clinical management, especially for patients with a family history of PAH. Copyright © 2016 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijiang Ma
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Wendy K Chung
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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10
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TASK-1 Regulates Apoptosis and Proliferation in a Subset of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancers. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0157453. [PMID: 27294516 PMCID: PMC4905626 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0157453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide; survival times are poor despite therapy. The role of the two-pore domain K+ (K2P) channel TASK-1 (KCNK3) in lung cancer is at present unknown. We found that TASK-1 is expressed in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines at variable levels. In a highly TASK-1 expressing NSCLC cell line, A549, a characteristic pH- and hypoxia-sensitive non-inactivating K+ current was measured, indicating the presence of functional TASK-1 channels. Inhibition of TASK-1 led to significant depolarization in these cells. Knockdown of TASK-1 by siRNA significantly enhanced apoptosis and reduced proliferation in A549 cells, but not in weakly TASK-1 expressing NCI-H358 cells. Na+-coupled nutrient transport across the cell membrane is functionally coupled to the efflux of K+ via K+ channels, thus TASK-1 may potentially influence Na+-coupled nutrient transport. In contrast to TASK-1, which was not differentially expressed in lung cancer vs. normal lung tissue, we found the Na+-coupled nutrient transporters, SLC5A3, SLC5A6, and SLC38A1, transporters for myo-inositol, biotin and glutamine, respectively, to be significantly overexpressed in lung adenocarcinomas. In summary, we show for the first time that the TASK-1 channel regulates apoptosis and proliferation in a subset of NSCLC.
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11
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Mills TA, Greenwood SL, Devlin G, Shweikh Y, Robinson M, Cowley E, Hayward CE, Cottrell EC, Tropea T, Brereton MF, Dalby-Brown W, Wareing M. Activation of KV7 channels stimulates vasodilatation of human placental chorionic plate arteries. Placenta 2015; 36:638-44. [PMID: 25862611 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2015.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Revised: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Potassium (K(+)) channels are key regulators of vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) excitability. In systemic small arteries, Kv7 channel expression/activity has been noted and a role in vascular tone regulation demonstrated. We aimed to demonstrate functional Kv7 channels in human fetoplacental small arteries. METHODS Human placental chorionic plate arteries (CPAs) were obtained at term. CPA responses to Kv7 channel modulators was determined by wire myography. Presence of Kv7 channel mRNA (encoded by KCNQ1-5) and protein expression were assessed by RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry/immunofluorescence, respectively. RESULTS Kv7 channel blockade with linopirdine increased CPA basal tone and AVP-induced contraction. Pre-contracted CPAs (AVP; 80 mM K(+) depolarization solution) exhibited significant relaxation to flupirtine, retigabine, the acrylamide (S)-1, and (S) BMS-204352, differential activators of Kv7.1 - Kv7.5 channels. All CPAs assessed expressed KCNQ1 and KCNQ3-5 mRNA; KCNQ2 was expressed only in a subset of CPAs. Kv7 protein expression was confirmed in intact CPAs and isolated VSMCs. DISCUSSION Kv7 channels are present and active in fetoplacental vessels, contributing to vascular tone regulation in normal pregnancy. Targeting these channels may represent a therapeutic intervention in pregnancies complicated by increased vascular resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- T A Mills
- School of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Work, The University of Manchester, Jean McFarlane Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom.
| | - S L Greenwood
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, Institute of Human Development, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, St. Mary's Hospital, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester M13 9WL, United Kingdom.
| | - G Devlin
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, Institute of Human Development, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, St. Mary's Hospital, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester M13 9WL, United Kingdom.
| | - Y Shweikh
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, Institute of Human Development, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, St. Mary's Hospital, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester M13 9WL, United Kingdom
| | - M Robinson
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, Institute of Human Development, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, St. Mary's Hospital, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester M13 9WL, United Kingdom
| | - E Cowley
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, Institute of Human Development, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, St. Mary's Hospital, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester M13 9WL, United Kingdom.
| | - C E Hayward
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, Institute of Human Development, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, St. Mary's Hospital, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester M13 9WL, United Kingdom.
| | - E C Cottrell
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, Institute of Human Development, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, St. Mary's Hospital, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester M13 9WL, United Kingdom.
| | - T Tropea
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, Institute of Human Development, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, St. Mary's Hospital, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester M13 9WL, United Kingdom; Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, CS, Italy.
| | - M F Brereton
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, Institute of Human Development, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, St. Mary's Hospital, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester M13 9WL, United Kingdom.
| | - W Dalby-Brown
- Pcovery Aps, Thorvaldsensvej 57, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
| | - M Wareing
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, Institute of Human Development, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, St. Mary's Hospital, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester M13 9WL, United Kingdom.
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Zhao YD, Yun HZH, Peng J, Yin L, Chu L, Wu L, Michalek R, Liu M, Keshavjee S, Waddell T, Granton J, de Perrot M. De novo synthesize of bile acids in pulmonary arterial hypertension lung. Metabolomics 2014; 10:1169-1175. [PMID: 25374487 PMCID: PMC4213391 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-014-0653-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2013] [Accepted: 03/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Although multiple, complex molecular studies have been done for understanding the development and progression of pulmonary hypertension (PAH), little is known about the metabolic heterogeneity of PAH. Using a combination of high-throughput liquid-and-gas-chromatography-based mass spectrometry, we found bile acid metabolites, which are normally product derivatives of the liver and gallbladder, were highly increased in the PAH lung. Microarray showed that the gene encoding cytochrome P450 7B1 (CYP7B1), an isozyme for bile acid synthesis, was highly expressed in the PAH lung compared with the control. CYP7B1 protein was found to be primarily localized on pulmonary vascular endothelial cells suggesting de novo bile acid synthesis may be involved in the development of PAH. Here, by profiling the metabolomic heterogeneity of the PAH lung, we reveal a newly discovered pathogenesis mechanism of PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yidan D. Zhao
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, Division of Thoracic Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
- MaRS Centre, Toronto Medical Discovery Tower, 2nd Floor Rm 2-817, 101 College Street, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7 Canada
| | - Hana Z. H. Yun
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, Division of Thoracic Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Jenny Peng
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, Division of Thoracic Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Li Yin
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, Division of Thoracic Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Lei Chu
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, Division of Thoracic Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Licun Wu
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, Division of Thoracic Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Ryan Michalek
- Metabolon, Incorporated, 617 Davis Drive, Durham, NC 27713 USA
| | - Mingyao Liu
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, Division of Thoracic Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Shaf Keshavjee
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, Division of Thoracic Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Thomas Waddell
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, Division of Thoracic Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - John Granton
- Clinical Studies Resource Centre, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Marc de Perrot
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, Division of Thoracic Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
- MaRS Centre, Toronto Medical Discovery Tower, 2nd Floor Rm 2-817, 101 College Street, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7 Canada
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Félétou M. The Endothelium, Part I: Multiple Functions of the Endothelial Cells -- Focus on Endothelium-Derived Vasoactive Mediators. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.4199/c00031ed1v01y201105isp019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Du GZ, Gao H, Liu J, Wu GS, He X, Zeng XG, Hu XY, Li XH. Isoflurane pre-treatment before cardiopulmonary bypass alleviates neutrophil accumulation in dog lungs. Cardiovasc J Afr 2010; 22:128-33. [PMID: 21107494 PMCID: PMC3721866 DOI: 10.5830/cvja-2010-055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2010] [Accepted: 07/01/2010] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated the effect of isoflurane pretreatment on cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB)-related lung injury. METHODS Twelve dogs were randomly divided into two groups of six each. In one group, 1.0 minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of isoflurane was dministered for 30 min before CPB, while the control group received no anaesthetic. Both groups then underwent 100 min of mild hypothermic CPB with 60-min aortic cross clamping. Haemodynamic parameters, respiratory mechanics and alveolar arterial oxygen difference (AaDO₂) were measured during the experiment. One hundred and fifty minutes after CPB, lung tissue samples from the non-dependent and dependent portions of the left and right lungs were harvested for polymorphonulear leukocyte (PMNs) counts. RESULTS Following CPB, within the control group, pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) was significantly increased at 60, 120 and 180 min after declamping, AaDO₂ deteriorated at 180 min post-declamping, and dynamic lung compliance (DLC) was reduced dramatically after declamping. Isoflurane pretreatment before CPB significantly reduced PVR compared to the controls. AaDO₂ was impaired at 180 min after declamping and DLC was decreased after declamping within the isoflurane group. No differences in AaDO₂ and DLC were found between the isoflurane and control groups. At 180 min after declamping, the PMN count in both the non-dependent and dependent regions of the isoflurane pre-treated lungs was significantly lower than that of the controls. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that 30-min pre-treatment with 1.0 MAC isoflurane before CPB caused a reduction in PMN accumulation in the dog lungs, inhibition of increases in PVR, and it did not affect AaDO₂ in the early post-CPB stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Zhi Du
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
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The two-pore domain K+ channel TASK-1 is closely associated with brain barriers and meninges. J Mol Histol 2010; 41:315-23. [PMID: 20835844 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-010-9293-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2010] [Accepted: 08/26/2010] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Impairment of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), the blood-cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) barrier and brain-CSF barrier has been implicated in neuropathology of several brain disorders, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, cerebral edema, multiple sclerosis, neural inflammation, ischemia and stroke. Two-pore domain weakly inward rectifying K+ channel (TWIK)-related acid-sensitive potassium (TASK)-1 channels (K2p3.1; KCNK3) are among the targets that contribute to the development of these pathologies. For example TASK-1 activity is inhibited by acidification, ischemia, hypoxia and several signaling molecules released under pathologic conditions. We have used immuno-histochemistry to examine the distribution of the TASK-1 protein in structures associated with the BBB, blood-CSF barrier, brain-CSF barrier, and in the meninges of adult rat. Dense TASK-1 immuno-reactivity (TASK-1-IR) was observed in ependymal cells lining the fourth ventricle at the brain-CSF interface, in glial cells that ensheath the walls of blood vessels at the glio-vascular interface, and in the meninges. In these structures, TASK-1-IR often co-localized with glial fibrillary associated protein (GFAP) or vimentin. This study provides anatomical evidence for localization of TASK-1 K+ channels in cells that segregate distinct fluid compartments within and surrounding the brain. We suggest that TASK-1 channels, in coordination with other ion channels (e.g., aquaporins and chloride channels) and transporters (e.g., Na+-K+-ATPase and Na+-K+-2Cl⁻ and by virtue of its heterogeneous distribution, may differentially contribute to the varying levels of K+ vital for cellular function in these compartments. Our findings are likely to be relevant to recently reported roles of TASK-1 in cerebral ischemia, stroke and inflammatory brain disorders.
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