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Schindeler A, Mills RJ, Bobyn JD, Little DG. Preclinical models for orthopedic research and bone tissue engineering. J Orthop Res 2018; 36:832-840. [PMID: 29205478 DOI: 10.1002/jor.23824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
In this review, we broadly define and discuss the preclinical rodent models that are used for orthopedics and bone tissue engineering. These range from implantation models typically used for biocompatibility testing and high-throughput drug screening, through to fracture and critical defect models used to model bone healing and severe orthopedic injuries. As well as highlighting the key methods papers describing these techniques, we provide additional commentary based on our substantive practical experience with animal surgery and in vivo experimental design. This review also briefly touches upon the descriptive and functional outcome measures and power calculations that are necessary for an informative study. Obtaining informative and relevant research outcomes can be very dependent on the model used, and we hope this evaluation of common models will serve as a primer for new researchers looking to undertake preclinical bone studies. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:832-840, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Schindeler
- Orthopedic Research and Biotechnology Unit, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Locked Bag 4001, Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, 2145, Australia.,Discipline of Pediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Rebecca J Mills
- Orthopedic Research and Biotechnology Unit, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Locked Bag 4001, Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, 2145, Australia
| | - Justin D Bobyn
- Orthopedic Research and Biotechnology Unit, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Locked Bag 4001, Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, 2145, Australia.,Discipline of Pediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - David G Little
- Orthopedic Research and Biotechnology Unit, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Locked Bag 4001, Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, 2145, Australia.,Discipline of Pediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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Evaluation of a topical herbal agent for the promotion of bone healing. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:905270. [PMID: 25810746 PMCID: PMC4355818 DOI: 10.1155/2015/905270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Revised: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A topically used Chinese herbal paste, namely, CDNR, was designed to facilitate fracture healing which is usually not addressed in general hospital care. From our in vitro studies, CDNR significantly inhibited the release of nitric oxide from RAW264.7 cells by 51 to 77%. This indicated its anti-inflammatory effect. CDNR also promoted the growth of bone cells by stimulating the proliferation of UMR106 cells up to 18%. It also increased the biomechanical strength of the healing bone in a drill-hole defect rat model by 16.5% significantly. This result revealed its in vivo efficacy on facilitation of bone healing. Furthermore, the detection of the chemical markers of CDNR in the skin and muscle of the treatment area demonstrated its transdermal properties. However, CDNR did not affect the bone turnover markers in serum of the rats. With its anti-inflammatory and bone formation properties, CDNR is found effective in promoting bone healing.
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