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Ujlaky-Nagy L, Szöllősi J, Vereb G. Disrupting EGFR-HER2 Transactivation by Pertuzumab in HER2-Positive Cancer: Quantitative Analysis Reveals EGFR Signal Input as Potential Predictor of Therapeutic Outcome. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5978. [PMID: 38892166 PMCID: PMC11173106 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Pertuzumab (Perjeta®), a humanized antibody binding to the dimerization arm of HER2 (Human epidermal growth factor receptor-2), has failed as a monotherapy agent in HER2 overexpressing malignancies. Since the molecular interaction of HER2 with ligand-bound EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor) has been implied in mitogenic signaling and malignant proliferation, we hypothesized that this interaction, rather than HER2 expression and oligomerization alone, could be a potential molecular target and predictor of the efficacy of pertuzumab treatment. Therefore, we investigated static and dynamic interactions between HER2 and EGFR molecules upon EGF stimulus in the presence and absence of pertuzumab in HER2+ EGFR+ SK-BR-3 breast tumor cells using Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) microscopy and fluorescence correlation and cross-correlation spectroscopy (FCS/FCCS). The consequential activation of signaling and changes in cell proliferation were measured by Western blotting and MTT assay. The autocorrelation functions of HER2 diffusion were best fitted by a three-component model corrected for triplet formation, and among these components the slowly diffusing membrane component revealed aggregation induced by EGFR ligand binding, as evidenced by photon-counting histograms and co-diffusing fractions. This aggregation has efficiently been prevented by pertuzumab treatment, which also inhibited the post-stimulus interaction of EGFR and HER2, as monitored by changes in FRET efficiency. Overall, the data demonstrated that pertuzumab, by hindering post-stimulus interaction between EGFR and HER2, inhibits EGFR-evoked HER2 aggregation and phosphorylation and leads to a dose-dependent decrease in cell proliferation, particularly when higher amounts of EGF are present. Consequently, we propose that EGFR expression on HER2-positive tumors could be taken into consideration as a potential biomarker when predicting the outcome of pertuzumab treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- László Ujlaky-Nagy
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- HUN-REN-UD Cell Biology and Signaling Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - János Szöllősi
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- HUN-REN-UD Cell Biology and Signaling Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - György Vereb
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- HUN-REN-UD Cell Biology and Signaling Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
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2
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Rac Inhibition Causes Impaired GPVI Signalling in Human Platelets through GPVI Shedding and Reduction in PLCγ2 Phosphorylation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073746. [PMID: 35409124 PMCID: PMC8998833 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Rac1 is a small Rho GTPase that is activated in platelets upon stimulation with various ligands, including collagen and thrombin, which are ligands for the glycoprotein VI (GPVI) receptor and the protease-activated receptors, respectively. Rac1-deficient murine platelets have impaired lamellipodia formation, aggregation, and reduced PLCγ2 activation, but not phosphorylation. The objective of our study is to investigate the role of Rac1 in GPVI-dependent human platelet activation and downstream signalling. Therefore, we used human platelets stimulated using GPVI agonists (collagen and collagen-related peptide) in the presence of the Rac1-specific inhibitor EHT1864 and analysed platelet activation, aggregation, spreading, protein phosphorylation, and GPVI clustering and shedding. We observed that in human platelets, the inhibition of Rac1 by EHT1864 had no significant effect on GPVI clustering on collagen fibres but decreased the ability of platelets to spread or aggregate in response to GPVI agonists. Additionally, in contrast to what was observed in murine Rac1-deficient platelets, EHT1864 enhanced GPVI shedding in platelets and reduced the phosphorylation levels of PLCγ2 following GPVI activation. In conclusion, Rac1 activity is required for both human and murine platelet activation in response to GPVI-ligands, but Rac1's mode of action differs between the two species.
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Lehmkuhl P, Gentz M, Garcia de Otezya AC, Grimbacher B, Schulze-Koops H, Skapenko A. Dysregulated immunity in PID patients with low GARP expression on Tregs due to mutations in LRRC32. Cell Mol Immunol 2021; 18:1677-1691. [PMID: 34059789 PMCID: PMC8245512 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-021-00701-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune dysregulation diseases are characterized by heterogeneous clinical manifestations and may have severe disease courses. The identification of the genetic causes of these diseases therefore has critical clinical implications. We performed whole-exome sequencing of patients with immune dysregulation disorders and identified two patients with previously undescribed mutations in LRRC32, which encodes glycoprotein A repetitions predominant (GARP). These patients were characterized by markedly reduced numbers and frequencies of regulatory T cells (Tregs). Tregs with mutated LRRC32 exhibited strongly diminished cell-surface GARP expression and reduced suppressor function. In a model of conditional Garp deficiency in mice, we confirmed increased susceptibility to inflammatory diseases once GARP expression on Tregs was decreased. Garp deficiency led to an unstable Treg phenotype due to diminished Foxp3 protein acetylation and stability. Our study reinforces the understanding of the immunological mechanisms of immune dysregulation and expands the knowledge on the immunological function of GARP as an important regulator of Treg stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Lehmkuhl
- grid.5252.00000 0004 1936 973XDivision of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine IV, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Magdalena Gentz
- grid.5252.00000 0004 1936 973XDivision of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine IV, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Andres Caballero Garcia de Otezya
- grid.5963.9Institute for Immunodeficiency, Centre of Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Bodo Grimbacher
- grid.5963.9Institute for Immunodeficiency, Centre of Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Hendrik Schulze-Koops
- grid.5252.00000 0004 1936 973XDivision of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine IV, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Alla Skapenko
- grid.5252.00000 0004 1936 973XDivision of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine IV, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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4
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Khenine H, Waeckel L, Seghrouchni F, Berger AE, Lambert C. Fluorescent energy transfer causing misleading signal in multicolor flow cytometry. Cytometry A 2021; 99:1102-1106. [PMID: 33826227 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.24342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Multiple immunolabeling introduces high risks of interferences between fluorochromes. In an intend to analyze T cell clonality using CD3-APC Alexa750, CD4-Pac Blue, CD8-Krome Orange, CD56-PE-Cy7 and Vbeta clonotypes FITC and PE, we repeatedly observed a clear, unexpected signal on B770 (PE-Cy7) detector on the Vb subset mimicking a lymphoproliferative disorder. The aim of this study was to identify and prevent this source of artifact. The study was performed on a seven color panel performed on fresh whole blood, labeled, fixed, lyzed and analyzed on Navios Cytometer Beckman Coulter. Data were reanalyzed using Kaluza. Eleven tubes tested two clonotypes each with the same T cell backbone. Only one representative combination is presented. Using this panel, we observed repeatedly a strong CD56 PE-Cy7 (B755 LP) on all Vbeta1 T cell subsets but not on Vbeta 2-FITC T cells. The effect was still observed after removing CD56-PE-Cy7 (Full Minus One). Changing anti-CD3 APC-Alexa 750 with CD3APC, the B755 LP signal disappeared but a B695/30 signal appeared. Shifting to CD3-FITC abolished any unexpected red signal. This demonstrates a fluorescent energy transfer (FRET) between PE excited by the blue laser and Alexa750 to be excited by the red laser. Accordingly, the Vbeta PE fluorescence intensity was reduced when FRET happened and clearly increased when CD3-FITC was used instead. This observation clearly reminds that FRET can give misleading results in case of labeling of very close markers with complementary fluorochromes. This risk has to be considered in panel design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Khenine
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Louis Waeckel
- Immunology Lab University Hospital Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Fouad Seghrouchni
- Cytomagh, Immunology Lab, National Institute of Hygiene, Rabat, Morocco
| | | | - Claude Lambert
- Immunology Lab University Hospital Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
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5
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Hawley TS, Hawley RG, Telford WG. Fluorescent Proteins for Flow Cytometry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 80:9.12.1-9.12.20. [PMID: 28369764 DOI: 10.1002/cpcy.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescent proteins have become standard tools for cell and molecular biologists. The color palette of fluorescent proteins spans the ultraviolet, visible, and near-infrared spectrum. Utility of fluorescent proteins has been greatly facilitated by the availability of compact and affordable solid state lasers capable of providing various excitation wavelengths. In theory, the plethora of fluorescent proteins and lasers make it easy to detect multiple fluorescent proteins simultaneously. However, in practice, heavy spectral overlap due to broad excitation and emission spectra presents a challenge. In conventional flow cytometry, careful selection of excitation wavelengths and detection filters is necessary. Spectral flow cytometry, an emerging methodology that is not confined by the "one color, one detector" paradigm, shows promise in the facile detection of multiple fluorescent proteins. This chapter provides a synopsis of fluorescent protein development, a list of commonly used fluorescent proteins, some practical considerations and strategies for detection, and examples of applications. © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa S Hawley
- Flow Cytometry Core Facility, Laboratory of Genome Integrity, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Robert G Hawley
- Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Biology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, D.C
| | - William G Telford
- Flow Cytometry Core Facility, Experimental Transplantation and Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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6
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Crottès D, Rapetti-Mauss R, Alcaraz-Perez F, Tichet M, Gariano G, Martial S, Guizouarn H, Pellissier B, Loubat A, Popa A, Paquet A, Presta M, Tartare-Deckert S, Cayuela ML, Martin P, Borgese F, Soriani O. SIGMAR1 Regulates Membrane Electrical Activity in Response to Extracellular Matrix Stimulation to Drive Cancer Cell Invasiveness. Cancer Res 2016; 76:607-18. [PMID: 26645564 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-1465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The sigma 1 receptor (Sig1R) is a stress-activated chaperone that regulates ion channels and is associated with pathologic conditions, such as stroke, neurodegenerative diseases, and addiction. Aberrant expression levels of ion channels and Sig1R have been detected in tumors and cancer cells, such as myeloid leukemia and colorectal cancer, but the link between ion channel regulation and Sig1R overexpression during malignancy has not been established. In this study, we found that Sig1R dynamically controls the membrane expression of the human voltage-dependent K(+) channel human ether-à-go-go-related gene (hERG) in myeloid leukemia and colorectal cancer cell lines. Sig1R promoted the formation of hERG/β1-integrin signaling complexes upon extracellular matrix stimulation, triggering the activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway. Consequently, the presence of Sig1R in cancer cells increased motility and VEGF secretion. In vivo, Sig1R expression enhanced the aggressiveness of tumor cells by potentiating invasion and angiogenesis, leading to poor survival. Collectively, our findings highlight a novel function for Sig1R in mediating cross-talk between cancer cells and their microenvironment, thus driving oncogenesis by shaping cellular electrical activity in response to extracellular signals. Given the involvement of ion channels in promoting several hallmarks of cancer, our study also offers a potential strategy to therapeutically target ion channel function through Sig1R inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Crottès
- Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, iBV, Nice, France. CNRS, iBV, UMR7277, Nice, France. INSERM U1091, Nice, France. Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Raphael Rapetti-Mauss
- Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, iBV, Nice, France. CNRS, iBV, UMR7277, Nice, France. INSERM U1091, Nice, France
| | - Francisca Alcaraz-Perez
- Telomerase, Aging and Cancer Group, Research Unit, Department of Surgery, CIBERehd, University Hospital "Virgen de la Arrixaca", Murcia, Spain. Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB), Murcia, Spain
| | - Mélanie Tichet
- Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, C3M, Inserm U1065, Nice, France
| | - Giuseppina Gariano
- Unit of Oncology and Experimental Immunology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Sonia Martial
- Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, iBV, Nice, France. CNRS, iBV, UMR7277, Nice, France. INSERM U1091, Nice, France
| | - Hélène Guizouarn
- Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, iBV, Nice, France. CNRS, iBV, UMR7277, Nice, France. INSERM U1091, Nice, France
| | - Bernard Pellissier
- Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, iBV, Nice, France. CNRS, iBV, UMR7277, Nice, France. INSERM U1091, Nice, France
| | - Agnès Loubat
- Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, iBV, Nice, France. CNRS, iBV, UMR7277, Nice, France. INSERM U1091, Nice, France
| | - Alexandra Popa
- Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, IPMC, CNRS UMR7275, Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Agnès Paquet
- Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, IPMC, CNRS UMR7275, Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Marco Presta
- Unit of Oncology and Experimental Immunology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | | | - Maria Luisa Cayuela
- Telomerase, Aging and Cancer Group, Research Unit, Department of Surgery, CIBERehd, University Hospital "Virgen de la Arrixaca", Murcia, Spain. Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB), Murcia, Spain
| | - Patrick Martin
- Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, iBV, Nice, France. CNRS, iBV, UMR7277, Nice, France. INSERM U1091, Nice, France
| | - Franck Borgese
- Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, iBV, Nice, France. CNRS, iBV, UMR7277, Nice, France. INSERM U1091, Nice, France
| | - Olivier Soriani
- Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, iBV, Nice, France. CNRS, iBV, UMR7277, Nice, France. INSERM U1091, Nice, France.
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7
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Nedbal J, Visitkul V, Ortiz-Zapater E, Weitsman G, Chana P, Matthews DR, Ng T, Ameer-Beg SM. Time-domain microfluidic fluorescence lifetime flow cytometry for high-throughput Förster resonance energy transfer screening. Cytometry A 2015; 87:104-18. [PMID: 25523156 PMCID: PMC4440390 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.22616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Revised: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Sensing ion or ligand concentrations, physico-chemical conditions, and molecular dimerization or conformation change is possible by assays involving fluorescent lifetime imaging. The inherent low throughput of imaging impedes rigorous statistical data analysis on large cell numbers. We address this limitation by developing a fluorescence lifetime-measuring flow cytometer for fast fluorescence lifetime quantification in living or fixed cell populations. The instrument combines a time-correlated single photon counting epifluorescent microscope with microfluidics cell-handling system. The associated computer software performs burst integrated fluorescence lifetime analysis to assign fluorescence lifetime, intensity, and burst duration to each passing cell. The maximum safe throughput of the instrument reaches 3,000 particles per minute. Living cells expressing spectroscopic rulers of varying peptide lengths were distinguishable by Förster resonant energy transfer measured by donor fluorescence lifetime. An epidermal growth factor (EGF)-stimulation assay demonstrated the technique's capacity to selectively quantify EGF receptor phosphorylation in cells, which was impossible by measuring sensitized emission on a standard flow cytometer. Dual-color fluorescence lifetime detection and cell-specific chemical environment sensing were exemplified using di-4-ANEPPDHQ, a lipophilic environmentally sensitive dye that exhibits changes in its fluorescence lifetime as a function of membrane lipid order. To our knowledge, this instrument opens new applications in flow cytometry which were unavailable due to technological limitations of previously reported fluorescent lifetime flow cytometers. The presented technique is sensitive to lifetimes of most popular fluorophores in the 0.5-5 ns range including fluorescent proteins and is capable of detecting multi-exponential fluorescence lifetime decays. This instrument vastly enhances the throughput of experiments involving fluorescence lifetime measurements, thereby providing statistically significant quantitative data for analysis of large cell populations. © 2014 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Nedbal
- Division of Cancer Studies, King's College LondonUnited Kingdom
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College LondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Viput Visitkul
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College LondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Elena Ortiz-Zapater
- Division of Asthma, Allergy & Lung Biology, King's College LondonUnited Kingdom
| | | | - Prabhjoat Chana
- Immune Monitoring Laboratory, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust and King's College LondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Daniel R Matthews
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of QueenslandSt Lucia, Australia
| | - Tony Ng
- Division of Cancer Studies, King's College LondonUnited Kingdom
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College LondonUnited Kingdom
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College LondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Simon M Ameer-Beg
- Division of Cancer Studies, King's College LondonUnited Kingdom
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College LondonUnited Kingdom
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8
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Doan-Xuan QM, Szalóki N, Tóth K, Szöllősi J, Bacso Z, Vámosi G. FRET Imaging by Laser Scanning Cytometry on Large Populations of Adherent Cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 70:2.23.1-29. [PMID: 25271960 DOI: 10.1002/0471142956.cy0223s70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The application of FRET (fluorescence resonance energy transfer) sensors for monitoring protein-protein interactions under vital conditions is attracting increasing attention in molecular and cell biology. Laser-scanning cytometry (LSC), a slide-based sister procedure to flow cytometry, provides an opportunity to analyze large populations of adherent cells or 2-D solid tissues in their undisturbed physiological settings. Here we provide an LSC-based three-laser protocol for high-throughput ratiometric FRET measurements utilizing cyan and yellow fluorescent proteins as a FRET pair. Membrane labeling with Cy5 dye is used for cell identification and contouring. Pixel-by-pixel and single-cell FRET efficiencies are calculated to estimate the extent of the molecular interactions and their distribution in the cell populations examined. We also present a non-high-throughput donor photobleaching FRET application, for obtaining the required instrument parameters for ratiometric FRET. In the biological model presented, HeLa cells are transfected with the ECFP- or EYFP-tagged Fos and Jun nuclear proteins, which heterodimerize to form active AP1 transcription factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quang-Minh Doan-Xuan
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Research Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary; These authors contributed equally to this work
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9
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Anselmo A, Mazzon C, Borroni EM, Bonecchi R, Graham GJ, Locati M. Flow cytometry applications for the analysis of chemokine receptor expression and function. Cytometry A 2014; 85:292-301. [DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.22439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2013] [Revised: 12/16/2013] [Accepted: 12/27/2013] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Achille Anselmo
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center; Rozzano Milan 20089 Italy
| | - Cristina Mazzon
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center; Rozzano Milan 20089 Italy
| | - Elena Monica Borroni
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center; Rozzano Milan 20089 Italy
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine; University of Milan; Rozzano Milan 20089 Italy
| | - Raffaella Bonecchi
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center; Rozzano Milan 20089 Italy
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine; University of Milan; Rozzano Milan 20089 Italy
| | - Gerard J. Graham
- Chemokine Research Group, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation; University of Glasgow; Glasgow G12 8TA United Kingdom
| | - Massimo Locati
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center; Rozzano Milan 20089 Italy
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine; University of Milan; Rozzano Milan 20089 Italy
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10
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Schneckenburger H. Assessing FRET using spectral techniques. Cytometry A 2013; 83:896-7. [DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.22334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2013] [Accepted: 06/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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11
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Sun Y, Rombola C, Jyothikumar V, Periasamy A. Förster resonance energy transfer microscopy and spectroscopy for localizing protein-protein interactions in living cells. Cytometry A 2013; 83:780-93. [PMID: 23813736 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.22321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2012] [Revised: 04/08/2013] [Accepted: 05/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The fundamental theory of Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) was established in the 1940s. Its great power was only realized in the past 20 years after different techniques were developed and applied to biological experiments. This success was made possible by the availability of suitable fluorescent probes, advanced optics, detectors, microscopy instrumentation, and analytical tools. Combined with state-of-the-art microscopy and spectroscopy, FRET imaging allows scientists to study a variety of phenomena that produce changes in molecular proximity, thereby leading to many significant findings in the life sciences. In this review, we outline various FRET imaging techniques and their strengths and limitations; we also provide a biological model to demonstrate how to investigate protein-protein interactions in living cells using both intensity- and fluorescence lifetime-based FRET microscopy methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuansheng Sun
- The W.M. Keck Center for Cellular Imaging (KCCI), Department of Biology, Physical and Life Sciences Building, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
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12
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Larbret F, Dubois N, Brau F, Guillemot E, Mahiddine K, Tartare-Deckert S, Verhasselt V, Deckert M. Technical advance: actin CytoFRET, a novel FRET flow cytometry method for detection of actin dynamics in resting and activated T cell. J Leukoc Biol 2013; 94:531-9. [PMID: 23794712 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.0113022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Actin cytoskeleton plays a critical role in regulating T cell motility and activation. However, the lack of a real-time quantitative method to analyze actin assembly has limited the progress toward understanding actin regulation. Here, we describe a novel approach to probe actin dynamics on living T cells using FRET combined with flow cytometry. We have first generated a Jurkat T cell line stably coexpressing EGFP and mOrange FPs fused to actin. The real-time variation of actin monomer assembly or disassembly into filaments was quantified using a ratiometric flow cytometry method measuring changes in the mOrange/EGFP emission ratio. The method was validated on resting T cells by using chemical compounds with known effects on actin filaments and comparison with conventional microscopy imaging. Our method also detected the rapid and transient actin assembly in T cells stimulated by anti-CD3/CD28-coated beads, demonstrating its robustness and high sensitivity. Finally, we provide evidence that lentiviral-mediated transduction of shRNAs in engineered Jurkat cells could be used as a strategy to identify regulators of actin remodeling. In conclusion, the flow cytometric FRET analysis of actin polymerization represents a new technical advance to study the dynamics of actin regulation in intact cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Larbret
- Tolérance Immunitaire, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, Nice, France
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13
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Roszik J, Tóth G, Szöllősi J, Vereb G. Validating pharmacological disruption of protein-protein interactions by acceptor photobleaching FRET imaging. Methods Mol Biol 2013; 986:165-178. [PMID: 23436412 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-311-4_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Proteins are the major targets of drug discovery and many of the new drugs are designed to exert their effect by disrupting protein-protein interactions. Validation of the inhibition of molecular interactions is generally done by biochemical methods, however, these are often not feasible when the interaction is not stable enough. Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) is an excellent tool for determining direct molecular interactions between two molecules in the cell membrane or inside cells in their natural state. Although originally established as a flow cytometric approach, FRET has been adapted for microscopy, allowing for analysis of sub-cellular co-localization at the single cell level. In this chapter, we provide theoretical introduction to the phenomenon of FRET, and a protocol - including labeling techniques, measurement, and evaluation of microscopy images - of the simplest microscopic FRET approach, acceptor photobleaching FRET. This technique is generally usable for studying protein interactions and requires only a standard confocal laser scanning microscope. To demonstrate the value of image based FRET for testing pharmacological disruption of protein-protein interactions, we show how inhibition of the hetero-dimerization of ErbB2 and ErbB1 by the humanized monoclonal antibody pertuzumab can be validated using this technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janos Roszik
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
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Fernández-Dueñas V, Llorente J, Gandía J, Borroto-Escuela DO, Agnati LF, Tasca CI, Fuxe K, Ciruela F. Fluorescence resonance energy transfer-based technologies in the study of protein-protein interactions at the cell surface. Methods 2012; 57:467-72. [PMID: 22683304 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2012.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2012] [Revised: 05/09/2012] [Accepted: 05/28/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding of the molecular mechanisms of protein-protein interactions (PPIs) at the cell surface of living cells is fundamental to comprehend the functional meaning of a large number of cellular processes. Here we discuss how new methodological strategies derived from non-invasive fluorescence-based approaches (i.e. fluorescence resonance energy transfer, FRET) have been successfully developed to characterize plasma membrane PPIs. Importantly, these technologies alone - or in concert with complementary methods (i.e. SNAP-tag/TR-FRET, TIRF/FRET) - can become extremely powerful approaches for visualizing cell surface PPIs, even between more than two proteins and also in native tissues. Interestingly, these methods would also be relevant in drug discovery in order to develop new high-throughput screening approaches or to identify new therapeutic targets. Accordingly, herein we provide a thorough assessment on all biotechnological aspects, including strengths and weaknesses, of these fluorescence-based methodologies when applied in the study of PPIs occurring at the cell surface of living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor Fernández-Dueñas
- Unitat de Farmacologia, Departament de Patologia i Terapèutica Experimental, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain
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