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Liu Y, Li L, Li X, Cherif H, Jiang S, Ghezelbash F, Weber MH, Juncker D, Li-Jessen NYK, Haglund L, Li J. Viscoelastic hydrogels regulate adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells for nucleus pulposus regeneration. Acta Biomater 2024; 180:244-261. [PMID: 38615812 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2024.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Low back pain is a leading cause of disability worldwide, often attributed to intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration with loss of the functional nucleus pulposus (NP). Regenerative strategies utilizing biomaterials and stem cells are promising for NP repair. Human NP tissue is highly viscoelastic, relaxing stress rapidly under deformation. However, the impact of tissue-specific viscoelasticity on the activities of adipose-derived stem cells (ASC) remains largely unexplored. Here, we investigated the role of matrix viscoelasticity in regulating ASC differentiation for IVD regeneration. Viscoelastic alginate hydrogels with stress relaxation time scales ranging from 100 s to 1000s were developed and used to culture human ASCs for 21 days. Our results demonstrated that the fast-relaxing hydrogel significantly enhanced ASCs long-term cell survival and NP-like extracellular matrix secretion of aggrecan and type-II collagen. Moreover, gene expression analysis revealed a substantial upregulation of the mechanosensitive ion channel marker TRPV4 and NP-specific markers such as SOX9, HIF-1α, KRT18, CDH2 and CD24 in ASCs cultured within the fast-relaxing hydrogel, compared to slower-relaxing hydrogels. These findings highlight the critical role of matrix viscoelasticity in regulating ASC behavior and suggest that viscoelasticity is a key parameter for novel biomaterials design to improve the efficacy of stem cell therapy for IVD regeneration. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Systematically characterized the influence of tissue-mimetic viscoelasticity on ASC. NP-mimetic hydrogels with tunable viscoelasticity and tissue-matched stiffness. Long-term survival and metabolic activity of ASCs are substantially improved in the fast-relaxing hydrogel. The fast-relaxing hydrogel allows higher rate of cell protrusions formation and matrix remodeling. ASC differentiation towards an NP-like cell phenotype is promoted in the fast-relaxing hydrogel, with more CD24 positive expression indicating NP committed cell fate. The expression of TRPV4, a molecular sensor of matrix viscoelasticity, is significantly enhanced in the fast-relaxing hydrogel, indicating ASC sensing matrix viscoelasticity during cell development. The NP-specific ECM secretion of ASC is considerably influenced by matrix viscoelasticity, where the deposition of aggrecan and type-II collagen are significantly enhanced in the fast-relaxing hydrogel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, 3775 Rue University, Montréal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada; Department of Mechanical Engineering, McGill University, 817 Sherbrooke Street West, Montréal, QC H3A 0C3, Canada
| | - Li Li
- Department of Surgery, McGill University, 1650 Cedar Avenue, Montréal, QC H3G 1A4, Canada
| | - Xuan Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, McGill University, 817 Sherbrooke Street West, Montréal, QC H3A 0C3, Canada
| | - Hosni Cherif
- Department of Surgery, McGill University, 1650 Cedar Avenue, Montréal, QC H3G 1A4, Canada
| | - Shuaibing Jiang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, McGill University, 817 Sherbrooke Street West, Montréal, QC H3A 0C3, Canada
| | - Farshid Ghezelbash
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, McGill University, 817 Sherbrooke Street West, Montréal, QC H3A 0C3, Canada
| | - Michael H Weber
- Department of Surgery, McGill University, 1650 Cedar Avenue, Montréal, QC H3G 1A4, Canada
| | - David Juncker
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, 3775 Rue University, Montréal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada; McGill University & Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, 740 Avenue Dr. Penfield, Montréal, QC H4A 0G1, Canada
| | - Nicole Y K Li-Jessen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, 3775 Rue University, Montréal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada; School of Communication Sciences and Disorders, McGill University, 2001 McGill College Avenue, Montréal, QC H3A 1G1, Canada; Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, McGill University Health Centre, 1001 Bd Décarie, Montréal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada; Research Institute of McGill University Health Center, McGill University, 1001 Bd Décarie, Montréal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Lisbet Haglund
- Department of Surgery, McGill University, 1650 Cedar Avenue, Montréal, QC H3G 1A4, Canada; Shriners Hospital for Children, 1003 Bd Décarie, Montréal, QC H4A 0A9, Canada.
| | - Jianyu Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, 3775 Rue University, Montréal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada; Department of Mechanical Engineering, McGill University, 817 Sherbrooke Street West, Montréal, QC H3A 0C3, Canada; Department of Surgery, McGill University, 1650 Cedar Avenue, Montréal, QC H3G 1A4, Canada.
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Sasseville S, Karami S, Tchatchouang A, Charpentier P, Anney P, Gobert D, Proulx S. Biomaterials used for tissue engineering of barrier-forming cell monolayers in the eye. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1269385. [PMID: 37840667 PMCID: PMC10569698 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1269385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell monolayers that form a barrier between two structures play an important role for the maintenance of tissue functionality. In the anterior portion of the eye, the corneal endothelium forms a barrier that controls fluid exchange between the aqueous humor of the anterior chamber and the corneal stroma. This monolayer is central in the pathogenesis of Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD). FECD is a common corneal disease, in which corneal endothelial cells deposit extracellular matrix that increases the thickness of its basal membrane (Descemet's membrane), and forms excrescences (guttae). With time, there is a decrease in endothelial cell density that generates vision loss. Transplantation of a monolayer of healthy corneal endothelial cells on a Descemet membrane substitute could become an interesting alternative for the treatment of this pathology. In the back of the eye, the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) forms the blood-retinal barrier, controlling fluid exchange between the choriocapillaris and the photoreceptors of the outer retina. In the retinal disease dry age-related macular degeneration (dry AMD), deposits (drusen) form between the RPE and its basal membrane (Bruch's membrane). These deposits hinder fluid exchange, resulting in progressive RPE cell death, which in turn generates photoreceptor cell death, and vision loss. Transplantation of a RPE monolayer on a Bruch's membrane/choroidal stromal substitute to replace the RPE before photoreceptor cell death could become a treatment alternative for this eye disease. This review will present the different biomaterials that are proposed for the engineering of a monolayer of corneal endothelium for the treatment of FECD, and a RPE monolayer for the treatment of dry AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Sasseville
- Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Hôpital du Saint-Sacrement, Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l’Université Laval/LOEX; Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Département d’ophtalmologie et d’oto-rhino-laryngologie-chirurgie cervico-faciale, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Samira Karami
- Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Hôpital du Saint-Sacrement, Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l’Université Laval/LOEX; Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Département d’ophtalmologie et d’oto-rhino-laryngologie-chirurgie cervico-faciale, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Ange Tchatchouang
- Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Hôpital du Saint-Sacrement, Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l’Université Laval/LOEX; Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Département d’ophtalmologie et d’oto-rhino-laryngologie-chirurgie cervico-faciale, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Pascale Charpentier
- Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Hôpital du Saint-Sacrement, Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l’Université Laval/LOEX; Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Département d’ophtalmologie et d’oto-rhino-laryngologie-chirurgie cervico-faciale, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Princia Anney
- Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Hôpital du Saint-Sacrement, Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l’Université Laval/LOEX; Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Département d’ophtalmologie et d’oto-rhino-laryngologie-chirurgie cervico-faciale, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Delphine Gobert
- Département d’ophtalmologie et d’oto-rhino-laryngologie-chirurgie cervico-faciale, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Centre universitaire d’ophtalmologie (CUO), Hôpital du Saint-Sacrement, CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Stéphanie Proulx
- Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Hôpital du Saint-Sacrement, Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l’Université Laval/LOEX; Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Département d’ophtalmologie et d’oto-rhino-laryngologie-chirurgie cervico-faciale, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
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Safoine M, Côté A, Leloup R, Hayward CJ, Plourde Campagna MA, Ruel J, Fradette J. Engineering naturally-derived human connective tissues for clinical applications using a serum-free production system. Biomed Mater 2022; 17. [PMID: 35950736 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ac84b9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The increasing need for tissue substitutes in reconstructive surgery spurs the development of engineering methods suited for clinical applications. Cell culture and tissue production traditionally require the use of fetal bovine serum (FBS) which is associated with various complications especially from a translational perspective. Using the self-assembly approach of tissue engineering, we hypothesized that all important parameters of tissue reconstruction can be maintained in a production system devoid of FBS from cell extraction to tissue reconstruction. We studied two commercially available serum-free medium (SFM) and xenogen-free serum-free medium (XSFM) for their impact on tissue reconstruction using human adipose-derived stem/stromal cells (ASCs) in comparison to serum-containing medium. Both media allowed higher ASC proliferation rates in primary cultures over five passages compared with 10% FBS supplemented medium while maintaining high expression of mesenchymal cell markers. For both media, we evaluated extracellular matrix production and deposition necessary to engineer manipulatable tissues using the self-assembly approach. Tissues produced in SFM exhibited a significantly increased thickness (up to 6.8-fold) compared with XSFM and FBS-containing medium. A detailed characterization of tissues produced under SFM conditions showed a substantial 50% reduction of production time without compromising key tissue features such as thickness, mechanical resistance and pro-angiogenic secretory capacities (plasminogen activator inhibitor 1, hepatocyte growth factor, vascular endothelial growth factor, angiopoietin-1) when compared to tissues produced in the control FBS-containing medium. Furthermore, we compared ASCs to the frequently used human dermal fibroblasts (DFs) in the SFM culture system. ASC-derived tissues displayed a 2.4-fold increased thickness compared to their DFs counterparts. In summary, we developed all-natural human substitutes using a production system compatible with clinical requirements. Under culture conditions devoid of bovine serum, the resulting engineered tissues displayed similar and even superior structural and functional properties over the classic FBS-containing culture conditions with a considerable 50% shortening of production time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meryem Safoine
- Centre de recherche en organogénèse expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX, Québec, QC, Canada.,Division of Regenerative Medicine, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Centre, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Alexandra Côté
- Centre de recherche en organogénèse expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX, Québec, QC, Canada.,Division of Regenerative Medicine, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Centre, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Romane Leloup
- Centre de recherche en organogénèse expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX, Québec, QC, Canada.,Division of Regenerative Medicine, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Centre, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Cindy Jean Hayward
- Centre de recherche en organogénèse expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX, Québec, QC, Canada.,Division of Regenerative Medicine, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Centre, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Marc-André Plourde Campagna
- Bureau de design, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Jean Ruel
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Centre, Québec, QC, Canada.,Bureau de design, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Julie Fradette
- Centre de recherche en organogénèse expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX, Québec, QC, Canada.,Division of Regenerative Medicine, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Centre, Québec, QC, Canada.,Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
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Zhu Z, Yuan Z, Guo L, Nurzat Y, Xu H, Zhang Y. Construction of adipose tissue using a silica expander capsule and cell sheet-assembled of decellularized adipose tissue. Acta Biomater 2022; 141:89-101. [PMID: 34974176 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Delayed neovascularization and unstable adipose formation are major confounding factors in adipose tissue engineering. A system using decellularized adipose tissue (DAT), adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs), and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) has been preliminarily studied, but it requires optimization, as adipogenic and angiogenic capabilities for maintaining a stable construct shape are limited. The current study aimed to address these limitations. Our initial modification involved the addition of exogenous chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2), which resulted in enhanced adipogenesis and angiogenesis. However, further improvement was required due to delayed blood recanalization. To further optimize the system, a vascularized fibrous capsule derived from an implanted silica expander was utilized as a second modification. We hypothesized this would function as both a microbioreactor to fix the seed cells and exogenous CCL2 locally and as a vascular bed to promote neovascularization. Compared with that of the CCL2 loaded ADSC-HUVECs cell sheet assembled DAT system, adding the silica expander capsule resulted in significantly increased construct stability, new vessel intensity, a greater number of Oil Red O-positive lipid droplets, more enhanced tissue remodeling, and upregulated peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) & leptin expression. Thus, these two modifications helped optimize the currently available ADSC-HUVEC cell sheet assembled DAT system, providing an adipose tissue construction strategy with enhanced adipogenesis and angiogenesis to reconstruct soft tissue defects. Moreover, close-to-normal leptin expression provided the engineered adipose tissue with a glucometabolic function, in addition to remodeling capabilities. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Delayed neovascularization and unstable adipose formation are the two major problems in tissue engineering adipose. Here, we introduced an adipose tissue engineering construction strategy using a silica expander capsule along with hADSCs-HUVECs cell sheet-assembled DAT in a CCL2-rich microenvironment. Our data suggested that CCL2 could improve angiogenesis and adipogenesis in vitro and in vivo. The addition of tissue expander capsule could further improve the stability of construction and fabricated adipose tissue with increased new vessel intensity, greater numbers of Oil Red O-positive lipid droplets, more enhanced tissue remodeling, and upregulated leptin expression. CCL2 and expander capsule can have clinical utility for soft tissue defects repair, and these two factors can be useful in other tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu Zhu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 16th floor No 639, Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai 200023, PR China; Shanghai Key Lab of Tissue Engineering, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200023, PR China
| | - Zhaoqi Yuan
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 16th floor No 639, Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai 200023, PR China; Shanghai Key Lab of Tissue Engineering, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200023, PR China
| | - Linxiumei Guo
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 16th floor No 639, Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai 200023, PR China; Shanghai Key Lab of Tissue Engineering, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200023, PR China
| | - Yeltai Nurzat
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 16th floor No 639, Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai 200023, PR China
| | - Heng Xu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 16th floor No 639, Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai 200023, PR China.
| | - Yixin Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 16th floor No 639, Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai 200023, PR China.
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Weng Y, Wang Z, Sun J, Han L, Li X, Wu B, Dong Q, Liu Y. Engineering of axially vascularized bone tissue using natural coral scaffold and osteogenic bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell sheets. JOURNAL OF STOMATOLOGY, ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY 2021; 122:397-404. [PMID: 33529842 DOI: 10.1016/j.jormas.2021.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Blood supply remains one of the obstacles to large bone tissue engineering. This study aimed to generate vascularized bone tissue by inducing axial vascularization into a construct combining natural coral scaffold and a bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) sheet. MATERIAL AND METHODS Isolated BMSCs were cultured to form an osteogenic cell sheet using a continuous culture method. Natural coral scaffolds were prepared into customized shape with a cylinder of 20 mm length, 8 mm in outer diameter and 5 mm in inner diameter. Then, the freed superficial inferior epigastric vessel of rabbits was first wrapped with a cell sheet, and then inserted into the central passage of the scaffold, after being wrapped with another cell sheet, the complexes were implanted subcutaneously into a rabbit groin area. In contrast, the sheet-scaffold construct that implanted into groin subcutaneous area of the other side of the same rabbit with the distal end of the blood vessel was ligated, which was considered as control. New bone and vascularization formation were evaluated at 12 weeks postoperatively. RESULTS The volume of new bone formation and amount of capillary infiltration in the vascular circulation group were significantly greater than that in the vascular ligation group, which suggested that insertion of axial vessels could significantly promote angiogenesis and osteogenesis of the tissue-engineered bone. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that inserting an arteriovenous bundle into the constructs of mesenchymal stem cell sheet and coral has great potential for clinical applications to repair large bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanming Weng
- Department of Stomatology, General Hospital of Central Theater of PLA, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zhifa Wang
- School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Department of Stomatology, General Hospital of Southern Theater of PLA, Guangzhou 510010, China
| | - Jianwei Sun
- School of Stomatology, Guangzhou Special Service Recuperation Center of PLA Rocket Force, Guangzhou 510010, China
| | - Leng Han
- Department of Pathology, General Hospital of Southern Theater of PLA, Guangzhou 510010, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Department of Stomatology, General Hospital of Southern Theater of PLA, Guangzhou 510010, China
| | - Buling Wu
- School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Qingshan Dong
- Department of Stomatology, General Hospital of Central Theater of PLA, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yanpu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
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Wang Z, Han L, Sun T, Wang W, Li X, Wu B. Preparation and effect of lyophilized platelet-rich fibrin on the osteogenic potential of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in vitro and in vivo. Heliyon 2019; 5:e02739. [PMID: 31720476 PMCID: PMC6838904 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 10/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives The goal of this study was to prepare lyophilized platelet-rich fibrin (L-PRF) and analyze the combined use of L-PRF and osteogenic bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC) sheet fragments for bone tissue engineering via in vivo injection. Methods First, fresh PRF (F-PRF) was lyophilized to prepare L-PRF, the characteristics of which were examined through gross morphological, and histological and microstructural observations. In addition, the kinetics of growth factor release from L-PRF and F-PRF were also determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Subsequently, after assessing the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs exposed to L-PRF or F-PRF in vitro, we subcutaneously injected BMSC sheet fragments with L-PRF or F-PRF into nude mice and assessed bone formation through microcomputed tomography and histological analyses. Results We observed that L-PRF released growth factors that favored BMSC proliferation and osteogenic differentiation in vitro. The combined use of L-PRF and osteogenic BMSC sheet fragments enabled bone tissue regeneration in vivo, and no significant difference between the F-PRF and L-PRF groups was observed (P = 0.24). Conclusions The results of this study demonstrate that the combined use of L-PRF and osteogenic BMSC sheets may have potential in the fabrication of engineered bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifa Wang
- School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, PR China.,Department of Stomatology, General Hospital of Southern Theater of PLA, Guangzhou, 510010, China
| | - Leng Han
- Department of Pathology, General Hospital of Southern Theater of PLA, Guangzhou, 510010, China
| | - Tianyu Sun
- School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, PR China
| | - Weijian Wang
- Department of Stomatology, General Hospital of Southern Theater of PLA, Guangzhou, 510010, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Department of Stomatology, General Hospital of Southern Theater of PLA, Guangzhou, 510010, China
| | - Buling Wu
- School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, PR China
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Ouellette MÈ, Bérubé JC, Bourget JM, Vallée M, Bossé Y, Fradette J. Linoleic acid supplementation of cell culture media influences the phospholipid and lipid profiles of human reconstructed adipose tissue. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0224228. [PMID: 31639818 PMCID: PMC6805161 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0224228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Reconstructed human adipose tissues represent novel tools available to perform in vitro pharmaco-toxicological studies. We used adipose-derived human stromal/stem cells to reconstruct, using tissue engineering techniques, such an adipose tridimensional model. To determine to what extent the in vitro model is representative of its native counterpart, adipogenic differentiation, triglycerides accumulation and phospholipids profiles were analysed. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis software revealed pathways enriched with differentially-expressed genes between native and reconstructed human adipose tissues. Interestingly, genes related to fatty acid metabolism were downregulated in vitro, which could be explained in part by the insufficient amount of essential fatty acids provided by the fetal calf serum used for the culture. Indeed, the lipid profile of the reconstructed human adipose tissues indicated a particular lack of linoleic acid, which could interfere with physiological cell processes such as membrane trafficking, signaling and inflammatory responses. Supplementation in the culture medium was able to influence the lipid profile of the reconstructed human adipose tissues. This study demonstrates the possibility to directly modulate the phospholipid profile of reconstructed human adipose tissues. This reinforces its use as a relevant physiological or pathological model for further pharmacological and metabolic studies of human adipose tissue functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Ève Ouellette
- Centre de Recherche en Organogenèse Expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX, Division of Regenerative Medicine, CHU de Québec -Université Laval Research Center, Québec, QC, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Jean-Christophe Bérubé
- Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Jean-Michel Bourget
- Centre de Recherche en Organogenèse Expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX, Division of Regenerative Medicine, CHU de Québec -Université Laval Research Center, Québec, QC, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Maud Vallée
- Centre de Recherche en Organogenèse Expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX, Division of Regenerative Medicine, CHU de Québec -Université Laval Research Center, Québec, QC, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Yohan Bossé
- Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Julie Fradette
- Centre de Recherche en Organogenèse Expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX, Division of Regenerative Medicine, CHU de Québec -Université Laval Research Center, Québec, QC, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
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Rademakers T, Horvath JM, van Blitterswijk CA, LaPointe VL. Oxygen and nutrient delivery in tissue engineering: Approaches to graft vascularization. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2019; 13:1815-1829. [PMID: 31310055 PMCID: PMC6852121 DOI: 10.1002/term.2932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The field of tissue engineering is making great strides in developing replacement tissue grafts for clinical use, marked by the rapid development of novel biomaterials, their improved integration with cells, better-directed growth and differentiation of cells, and improved three-dimensional tissue mass culturing. One major obstacle that remains, however, is the lack of graft vascularization, which in turn renders many grafts to fail upon clinical application. With that, graft vascularization has turned into one of the holy grails of tissue engineering, and for the majority of tissues, it will be imperative to achieve adequate vascularization if tissue graft implantation is to succeed. Many different approaches have been developed to induce or augment graft vascularization, both in vitro and in vivo. In this review, we highlight the importance of vascularization in tissue engineering and outline various approaches inspired by both biology and engineering to achieve and augment graft vascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timo Rademakers
- Department of Instructive Biomaterials Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology‐Inspired Regenerative MedicineMaastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Judith M. Horvath
- Department of Instructive Biomaterials Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology‐Inspired Regenerative MedicineMaastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Clemens A. van Blitterswijk
- Complex Tissue Regeneration, MERLN Institute for Technology‐Inspired Regenerative MedicineMaastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Vanessa L.S. LaPointe
- Department of Instructive Biomaterials Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology‐Inspired Regenerative MedicineMaastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands
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9
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Proulx M, Mayrand D, Vincent C, Boisvert A, Aubin K, Trottier V, Fradette J. Short-term post-implantation dynamics of in vitro engineered human microvascularized adipose tissues. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 13:065013. [PMID: 30277888 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/aadff7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Engineered adipose tissues are developed for their use as substitutes for tissue replacement in reconstructive surgery. To ensure a timely perfusion of the grafted substitutes, different strategies can be used such as the incorporation of an endothelial component. In this study, we engineered human adipose tissue substitutes comprising of functional adipocytes as well as a natural extracellular matrix using the self-assembly approach, without the use of exogenous scaffolding elements. Human microvascular endothelial cells (hMVECs) were incorporated during tissue production in vitro and we hypothesized that their presence would favor the early connection with the host vascular network translating into functional enhancement after implantation into nude mice in comparison to the substitutes that were not enriched in hMVECs. In vitro, no significant differences were observed between the substitutes in terms of histological aspects. After implantation, both groups presented numerous adipocytes and an abundant matrix in addition to the presence of host capillaries within the grafts. The substitutes thickness and volume were not significantly different between groups over the short-term time course of 14 days (d). For the microvascularized adipose tissues, human CD31 staining revealed a human capillary network connecting with the host microvasculature as early as 3 d after grafting. The detection of murine red blood cells within human CD31+ structures confirmed the functionality of the human capillary network. By analyzing the extent of the global vascularization achieved, a tendency towards increased total capillary network surface and volume was revealed for prevascularized tissues over 14 d. Therefore, applying this strategy on thicker reconstructed adipose tissues with rate-limiting oxygen diffusion might procure added benefits and prove useful to provide voluminous substitutes for patients suffering from adipose tissue loss or defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryse Proulx
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX, CMDGT/LOEX, Aile-R, Hôpital Enfant-Jésus, 1401, 18e Rue, Québec, Qc, G1J 1Z4, Canada. Division of Regenerative Medicine, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, 1401, 18e Rue, Québec, Qc, G1J 1Z4, Canada
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10
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Sukho P, Boersema GSA, Kops N, Lange JF, Kirpensteijn J, Hesselink JW, Bastiaansen-Jenniskens YM, Verseijden F. Transplantation of Adipose Tissue-Derived Stem Cell Sheet to Reduce Leakage After Partial Colectomy in A Rat Model. J Vis Exp 2018. [PMID: 30148499 DOI: 10.3791/57213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Anastomotic leakage is a disastrous complication after colorectal surgery. Although current methods for leakage prevention have different levels of clinical efficacy, they are until now imperfect solutions. Stem cell therapy using ASC sheets could provide a solution to this problem. ASCs are considered as promising candidates for promoting tissue healing because of their trophic and immunomodulatory properties. Here, we provide methods to produce high-density ASC sheets, that are transplanted onto a colorectal anastomosis in a rat model to reduce the leakage. ASCs formed cell sheets in thermo-responsive culture dishes that could be easily detached. On the day of the transplantation, a partial colectomy with a 5-suture colorectal anastomosis was performed. Animals were immediately transplanted with 1 ASC sheet per rat. ASC sheets adhered spontaneously to the anastomosis without any glue, suture, or any biomaterial. Animal groups were sacrificed 3 and 7 days postoperatively. Compared to transplanted animals, the incidence of anastomotic abscesses and leakage was higher in control animals. In our model, the transplantation of ASC sheets after colorectal anastomosis was successful and associated with a lower leakage rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panithi Sukho
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center; Department of Clinical Sciences and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University
| | | | - Nicole Kops
- Department of Orthopaedics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center
| | - Johan F Lange
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC University Medical Center
| | - Jolle Kirpensteijn
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University; Hill's Pet Nutrition Inc
| | - Jan Willem Hesselink
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University
| | | | - Femke Verseijden
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University; Department of Orthopaedics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center;
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11
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Ghetti M, Topouzi H, Theocharidis G, Papa V, Williams G, Bondioli E, Cenacchi G, Connelly JT, Higgins CA. Subpopulations of dermal skin fibroblasts secrete distinct extracellular matrix: implications for using skin substitutes in the clinic. Br J Dermatol 2018; 179:381-393. [PMID: 29266210 PMCID: PMC6175479 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.16255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Background While several commercial dermoepidermal scaffolds can promote wound healing of the skin, the achievement of complete skin regeneration still represents a major challenge. Objectives To perform biological characterization of self‐assembled extracellular matrices (ECMs) from three different subpopulations of fibroblasts found in human skin: papillary fibroblasts (Pfi), reticular fibroblasts (Rfi) and dermal papilla fibroblasts (DPfi). Methods Fibroblast subpopulations were cultured with ascorbic acid to promote cell‐assembled matrix production for 10 days. Subsequently, cells were removed and the remaining matrices characterized. Additionally, in another experiment, keratinocytes were seeded on the top of cell‐depleted ECMs to generate epidermal‐only skin constructs. Results We found that the ECM self‐assembled by Pfi exhibited randomly oriented fibres associated with the highest interfibrillar space, reflecting ECM characteristics that are physiologically present within the papillary dermis. Mass spectrometry followed by validation with immunofluorescence analysis showed that thrombospondin 1 is preferentially expressed within the DPfi‐derived matrix. Moreover, we observed that epidermal constructs grown on DPfi or Pfi matrices exhibited normal basement membrane formation, whereas Rfi matrices were unable to support membrane formation. Conclusions We argue that inspiration can be taken from these different ECMs, to improve the design of therapeutic biomaterials in skin engineering applications. What's already known about this topic? There are several types of skin fibroblasts within the dermis that can be defined by their spatial location: papillary fibroblasts (Pfi), reticular fibroblasts (Rfi) and dermal papilla fibroblasts (DPfi). Extracellular matrix (ECM) composition is distinct with regard to composition and architecture within the papillary, reticular and hair follicle dermis in vivo. When skin is injured, dermal replacement substitutes used for tissue repair do not reflect the heterogeneity observed within the skin dermis.
What does this study add? Self‐assembled ECMs from different subpopulations of skin fibroblasts can be generated in vitro. Cell‐assembled ECMs made in vitro from Pfi, Rfi and DPfi reflect dermal heterogeneity seen in vivo and are morphologically, functionally and compositionally distinct from one another. Inspiration should be taken from cell‐assembled ECMs from distinct fibroblast subpopulations, to improve the design of therapeutic biomaterials in skin engineering applications.
What is the translational message? Cell‐assembled ECMs from DPfi and Pfi, but not Rfi, can support formation of a basement membrane in adjacent keratinocytes in vitro. Inspiration should be taken from cell‐assembled ECMs from distinct fibroblast subpopulations, to improve the design of therapeutic biomaterials in skin engineering applications.
Linked Comment: https://doi.org/10.1111/bjd.16773. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjd.16946 available online https://goo.gl/Uqv3dl
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ghetti
- Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences Department, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Burns Centre and Emilia Romagna Regional Skin Bank, Cesena, Italy.,Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, U.K
| | - H Topouzi
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, U.K
| | - G Theocharidis
- Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University London, London, U.K
| | - V Papa
- Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences Department, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - E Bondioli
- Burns Centre and Emilia Romagna Regional Skin Bank, Cesena, Italy
| | - G Cenacchi
- Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences Department, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - J T Connelly
- Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University London, London, U.K
| | - C A Higgins
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, U.K
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12
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Jonnalagadda US, Hill M, Messaoudi W, Cook RB, Oreffo ROC, Glynne-Jones P, Tare RS. Acoustically modulated biomechanical stimulation for human cartilage tissue engineering. LAB ON A CHIP 2018; 18:473-485. [PMID: 29300407 DOI: 10.1039/c7lc01195d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Bioacoustofluidics can be used to trap and levitate cells within a fluid channel, thereby facilitating scaffold-free tissue engineering in a 3D environment. In the present study, we have designed and characterised an acoustofluidic bioreactor platform, which applies acoustic forces to mechanically stimulate aggregates of human articular chondrocytes in long-term levitated culture. By varying the acoustic parameters (amplitude, frequency sweep, and sweep repetition rate), cells were stimulated by oscillatory fluid shear stresses, which were dynamically modulated at different sweep repetition rates (1-50 Hz). Furthermore, in combination with appropriate biochemical cues, the acoustic stimulation was tuned to engineer human cartilage constructs with structural and mechanical properties comparable to those of native human cartilage, as assessed by immunohistology and nano-indentation, respectively. The findings of this study demonstrate the capability of acoustofluidics to provide a tuneable biomechanical force for the culture and development of hyaline-like human cartilage constructs in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umesh S Jonnalagadda
- Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and the Environment, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1 BJ, UK.
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13
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Sukho P, Cohen A, Hesselink JW, Kirpensteijn J, Verseijden F, Bastiaansen-Jenniskens YM. Adipose Tissue-Derived Stem Cell Sheet Application for Tissue Healing In Vivo: A Systematic Review. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2017; 24:37-52. [PMID: 28665192 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2017.0142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ASCs) are known to be tissue-healing promoters due to their cellular plasticity and secretion of paracrine factors. Cultured ASC sheets provide a novel method of ASC application and can retain ASCs at the targeted tissue. The purpose of this systematic review is to evaluate preclinical studies using ASC sheet transplantation therapy for promoting tissue healing. First, we searched databases to identify studies of ASC sheet therapy in different experimental animal models, and then determined the quality score of studies using SYRCLE's risk bias tool. A total of 18 included studies examined the role of ASC sheets on tissue healing and function in models for myocardial infarction, dilated cardiomyopathy, full-thickness skin wounds, hind limb ischemia, esophageal strictures, and oral ulcers. ASC sheet application after myocardial infarction improved survival rate, cardiac function, and capillary density and reduced the extent of fibrosis. Application of ASC sheets to a full-thickness skin wound decreased the wound size and stimulated wound maturation. In the hind limb ischemia model, ASC sheet application improved limb perfusion and capillary density, and decreased the amount of ischemic tissue and inflammation. ASC sheet application to mucosal wounds of the digestive tract accelerated wound healing and decreased the degree of stricture and fibrosis. Taken together, transplanted ASC sheets had a positive effect on tissue healing and reconstruction in these preclinical studies. The reported favorable effects of ASC sheet therapy in various tissue healing applications may be implemented in future translational studies. It is suggested that future preclinical animal model studies of ASC sheet therapy should concern standardization of culture techniques and investigate the mechanisms of action. In addition, clearly indicated experimental setups according to the SYRCLE's guidelines should improve study quality and validity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panithi Sukho
- 1 Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University , Utrecht, The Netherlands .,2 Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center , Rotterdam, The Netherlands .,3 Department of Clinical Sciences and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University , Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Abigael Cohen
- 2 Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center , Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Willem Hesselink
- 1 Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University , Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jolle Kirpensteijn
- 1 Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University , Utrecht, The Netherlands .,4 Hill's Pet Nutrition, Inc. , Topeka, Kansas
| | - Femke Verseijden
- 1 Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University , Utrecht, The Netherlands .,5 Department of Orthopaedics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center , Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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14
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Lee WJ, Lee JY, Jung KH, Lee ST, Kim HY, Park DK, Yu JS, Kim SY, Jeon D, Kim M, Lee SK, Roh JK, Chu K. Neurovascular Cell Sheet Transplantation in a Canine Model of Intracranial Hemorrhage. CELL MEDICINE 2017; 9:73-85. [PMID: 28713638 DOI: 10.3727/215517916x693384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Cell-based therapy for intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) has a great therapeutic potential. However, methods to effectively induce direct regeneration of the damaged neural tissue after cell transplantation have not been established, which, if done, would improve the efficacy of cell-based therapy. In this study, we aimed to develop a cell sheet with neurovasculogenic potential and evaluate its usefulness in a canine ICH model. We designed a composite cell sheet made of neural progenitors derived from human olfactory neuroepithelium and vascular progenitors from human adipose tissue-derived stromal cells. We also generated a physiologic canine ICH model by manually injecting and then infusing autologous blood under arterial pressure. We transplanted the sheet cells (cell sheet group) or saline (control group) at the cortex over the hematoma at subacute stages (2 weeks from ICH induction). At 4 weeks from the cell transplantation, cell survival, migration, and differentiation were evaluated. Hemispheric atrophy and neurobehavioral recovery were also compared between the groups. As a result, the cell sheet was rich in extracellular matrices and expressed neurotrophic factors as well as the markers for neuronal development. After transplantation, the cells successfully survived for 4 weeks, and a large portion of those migrated to the perihematomal site and differentiated into neurons and pericytes (20% and 30% of migrated stem cells, respectively). Transplantation of cell sheets alleviated hemorrhage-related hemispheric atrophy (p = 0.042) and showed tendency for improving functional recovery (p = 0.062). Therefore, we concluded that the cell sheet transplantation technique might induce direct regeneration of neural tissue and might improve outcomes of intracerebral hemorrhage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo-Jin Lee
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,†Laboratory for Neurotherapeutics, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jong Young Lee
- ‡Department of Neurosurgery, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Keun-Hwa Jung
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,†Laboratory for Neurotherapeutics, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Soon-Tae Lee
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,†Laboratory for Neurotherapeutics, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyo Yeol Kim
- §Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dong-Kyu Park
- †Laboratory for Neurotherapeutics, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jung-Suk Yu
- †Laboratory for Neurotherapeutics, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - So-Yun Kim
- †Laboratory for Neurotherapeutics, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Daejong Jeon
- †Laboratory for Neurotherapeutics, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Manho Kim
- †Laboratory for Neurotherapeutics, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.,‡Department of Neurosurgery, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sang Kun Lee
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,†Laboratory for Neurotherapeutics, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae-Kyu Roh
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,†Laboratory for Neurotherapeutics, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.,¶Department of Neurology, The Armed Forces Capital Hospital, Gyeunggido, South Korea
| | - Kon Chu
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,†Laboratory for Neurotherapeutics, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
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15
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Galbraith T, Clafshenkel WP, Kawecki F, Blanckaert C, Labbé B, Fortin M, Auger FA, Fradette J. A Cell-Based Self-Assembly Approach for the Production of Human Osseous Tissues from Adipose-Derived Stromal/Stem Cells. Adv Healthc Mater 2017; 6. [PMID: 28004524 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201600889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Achieving optimal bone defect repair is a clinical challenge driving intensive research in the field of bone tissue engineering. Many strategies focus on seeding graft materials with progenitor cells prior to in vivo implantation. Given the benefits of closely mimicking tissue structure and function with natural materials, the authors hypothesize that under specific culture conditions, human adipose-derived stem/stromal cells (hASCs) can solely be used to engineer human reconstructed osseous tissues (hROTs) by undergoing osteoblastic differentiation with concomitant extracellular matrix production and mineralization. Therefore, the authors are developing a self-assembly methodology allowing the production of such osseous tissues. Three-dimensional (3D) tissues reconstructed from osteogenically-induced cell sheets contain abundant collagen type I and are 2.7-fold less contractile compared to non-osteogenically induced tissues. In particular, hROT differentiation and mineralization is reflected by a greater amount of homogenously distributed alkaline phosphatase, as well as higher calcium-containing hydroxyapatite (P < 0.0001) and osteocalcin (P < 0.0001) levels compared to non-induced tissues. Taken together, these findings show that hASC-driven tissue engineering leads to hROTs that demonstrate structural and functional characteristics similar to native osseous tissue. These highly biomimetic human osseous tissues will advantageously serve as a platform for molecular studies as well as for future therapeutic in vivo translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd Galbraith
- Centre de recherche en organogenèse expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX Division of Regenerative Medicine, CHU de Québec Research Center-Université Laval, Québec, QC G1J 1Z4, Canada
| | - William P Clafshenkel
- Centre de recherche en organogenèse expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX Division of Regenerative Medicine, CHU de Québec Research Center-Université Laval, Québec, QC G1J 1Z4, Canada
| | - Fabien Kawecki
- Centre de recherche en organogenèse expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX Division of Regenerative Medicine, CHU de Québec Research Center-Université Laval, Québec, QC G1J 1Z4, Canada
| | - Camille Blanckaert
- Centre de recherche en organogenèse expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX Division of Regenerative Medicine, CHU de Québec Research Center-Université Laval, Québec, QC G1J 1Z4, Canada
| | - Benoit Labbé
- Centre de recherche en organogenèse expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX Division of Regenerative Medicine, CHU de Québec Research Center-Université Laval, Québec, QC G1J 1Z4, Canada
| | - Michel Fortin
- Centre de recherche en organogenèse expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX Division of Regenerative Medicine, CHU de Québec Research Center-Université Laval, Québec, QC G1J 1Z4, Canada
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, University Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - François A Auger
- Centre de recherche en organogenèse expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX Division of Regenerative Medicine, CHU de Québec Research Center-Université Laval, Québec, QC G1J 1Z4, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Julie Fradette
- Centre de recherche en organogenèse expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX Division of Regenerative Medicine, CHU de Québec Research Center-Université Laval, Québec, QC G1J 1Z4, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
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16
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Dergilev KV, Makarevich PI, Tsokolaeva ZI, Boldyreva MA, Beloglazova IB, Zubkova ES, Menshikov MY, Parfyonova YV. Comparison of cardiac stem cell sheets detached by Versene solution and from thermoresponsive dishes reveals similar properties of constructs. Tissue Cell 2016; 49:64-71. [PMID: 28041835 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2016.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 11/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Cell sheets (CS) from c-kit+ cardiac stem cell (CSC) hold a potential for application in regenerative medicine. However, manufacture of CS may require thermoresponsive dishes, which increases cost and puts one in dependence on specific materials. Alternative approaches were established recently and we conducted a short study to compare approaches for detachment of CS from c-kit+ CSC. Our in-house developed method using chelation by Versene solution was compared to UpCell™ thermoresponsive plates in terms of CSC proliferation, viability, gap junction formation and engraftment in a model of myocardial infarction. Use of Versene solution instead of thermoresponsive dishes resulted in comparable CS thickness (approximately 100mcm), cell proliferation rate and no signs of apoptosis detected in both types of constructs. However, we observed a minor reduction of gap junction count in Versene-treated CS. At day 30 after delivery to infarcted myocardium both types of CS retained at the site of transplantation and contained comparable amounts of proliferating cells indicating engraftment. Thus, we may conclude that detachment of CS from c-kit+ CSC using Versene solution followed by mechanical treatment is an alternative to thermoresponsive plates allowing use of routinely available materials to generate constructs for cardiac repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin V Dergilev
- Russian Cardiology Research and Production Complex, Laboratory of Angiogenesis, 121552, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Pavel I Makarevich
- Russian Cardiology Research and Production Complex, Laboratory of Angiogenesis, 121552, Moscow, Russian Federation; Lomonosov Moscow State University, Medical Research and Education Centre, Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Laboratory of gene and cell therapy, 119192, Moscow, Russian Federation.
| | - Zoya I Tsokolaeva
- Russian Cardiology Research and Production Complex, Laboratory of Angiogenesis, 121552, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Maria A Boldyreva
- Russian Cardiology Research and Production Complex, Laboratory of Angiogenesis, 121552, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Irina B Beloglazova
- Russian Cardiology Research and Production Complex, Laboratory of Angiogenesis, 121552, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Ekaterina S Zubkova
- Russian Cardiology Research and Production Complex, Laboratory of Angiogenesis, 121552, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Mikhail Yu Menshikov
- Russian Cardiology Research and Production Complex, Laboratory of Angiogenesis, 121552, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Yelena V Parfyonova
- Russian Cardiology Research and Production Complex, Laboratory of Angiogenesis, 121552, Moscow, Russian Federation; Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Medicine, Laboratory of gene and cell technologies, 119192, Moscow, Russian Federation
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17
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Wang Z, Li Z, Dai T, Zong C, Liu Y, Liu B. Addition of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells to Mesenchymal Stem Cell Sheets Improves Bone Formation at an Ectopic Site. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17020070. [PMID: 26848656 PMCID: PMC4783872 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17020070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Revised: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
To determine the effect of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) added to bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) sheets on bone formation at an ectopic site. We isolated MSCs and ADSCs from the same rabbits. We then prepared MSC sheets for implantation with or without ADSCs subcutaneously in the backs of severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice. We assessed bone formation at eight weeks after implantation by micro-computed tomography and histological analysis. In osteogenic medium, MSCs grew to form multilayer sheets containing many calcium nodules. MSC sheets without ADSCs formed bone-like tissue; although neo-bone and cartilage-like tissues were sparse and unevenly distributed by eight weeks after implantation. In comparison, MSC sheets with ADSCs promoted better bone regeneration as evidenced by the greater density of bone, increased mineral deposition, obvious formation of blood vessels, large number of interconnected ossified trabeculae and woven bone structures, and greater bone volume/total volume within the composite constructs. Our results indicate that although sheets of only MSCs have the potential to form tissue engineered bone at an ectopic site, the addition of ADSCs can significantly increase the osteogenic potential of MSC sheets. Thus, the combination of MSC sheets with ADSCs may be regarded as a promising therapeutic strategy to stimulate bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifa Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
| | - Zhijin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
| | - Taiqiang Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
| | - Chunlin Zong
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
| | - Yanpu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
| | - Bin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Oral Biology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
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18
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Kou D, Du M, Hou X, Chen B, Li X, Fang Y, Zhao Y, Wang H, Wang L, Dai J. Centimeter-sized biomimetic bone constructs fabricated via CBD-BMP2-collagen microcarriers and BMSC-gelatin microspheres. J Mater Chem B 2016; 4:461-470. [DOI: 10.1039/c5tb02048d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The cell-culture modules and function-control modules could be easily assembled into the aimed tissue in “bottom-up” approaches.
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19
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Proulx M, Safoine M, Mayrand D, Aubin K, Maux A, Fradette J. Impact of TNF and IL-1β on capillary networks within engineered human adipose tissues. J Mater Chem B 2016; 4:3608-3619. [DOI: 10.1039/c6tb00265j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory cytokines lead to capillary network disorganization and secreted factor modulation within human microvascularized engineered adipose tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryse Proulx
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX
- Québec
- Canada
- Division of Regenerative Medicine
- CHU de Québec – Université Laval Research Center
| | - Meryem Safoine
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX
- Québec
- Canada
- Division of Regenerative Medicine
- CHU de Québec – Université Laval Research Center
| | - Dominique Mayrand
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX
- Québec
- Canada
- Division of Regenerative Medicine
- CHU de Québec – Université Laval Research Center
| | - Kim Aubin
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX
- Québec
- Canada
- Division of Regenerative Medicine
- CHU de Québec – Université Laval Research Center
| | - Amandine Maux
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX
- Québec
- Canada
- Division of Regenerative Medicine
- CHU de Québec – Université Laval Research Center
| | - Julie Fradette
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX
- Québec
- Canada
- Division of Regenerative Medicine
- CHU de Québec – Université Laval Research Center
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20
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Dang PN, Solorio LD, Alsberg E. Driving cartilage formation in high-density human adipose-derived stem cell aggregate and sheet constructs without exogenous growth factor delivery. Tissue Eng Part A 2015; 20:3163-75. [PMID: 24873753 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2012.0551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
An attractive cell source for cartilage tissue engineering, human adipose-derived stem cells (hASCs) can be easily expanded and signaled to differentiate into chondrocytes. This study explores the influence of growth factor distribution and release kinetics on cartilage formation within 3D hASC constructs incorporated with transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)-loaded gelatin microspheres. The amounts of microspheres, TGF-β1 concentration, and polymer degradation rate were varied within hASC aggregates. Microsphere and TGF-β1 loading concentrations were identified that resulted in glycosaminoglycan (GAG) production comparable to those of control aggregates cultured in TGF-β1-containing medium. Self-assembling hASC sheets were then engineered for the production of larger, more clinically relevant constructs. Chondrogenesis was observed in hASC-only sheets cultured with exogenous TGF-β1 at 3 weeks. Importantly, sheets with incorporated TGF-β1-loaded microspheres achieved GAG production similar to sheets treated with exogenous TGF-β1. Cartilage formation was confirmed histologically via observation of cartilage-like morphology and GAG staining. This is the first demonstration of the self-assembly of hASCs into high-density cell sheets capable of forming cartilage in the presence of exogenous TGF-β1 or with TGF-β1-releasing microspheres. Microsphere incorporation may bypass the need for extended in vitro culture, potentially enabling hASC sheets to be implanted more rapidly into defects to regenerate cartilage in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phuong N Dang
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland, Ohio
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21
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Vascularisation in regenerative therapeutics and surgery. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2015; 54:225-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2015.05.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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22
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Enhancing repair of full-thickness excisional wounds in a murine model: Impact of tissue-engineered biological dressings featuring human differentiated adipocytes. Acta Biomater 2015; 22:39-49. [PMID: 25934321 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2015.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2014] [Revised: 04/18/2015] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Promotion of skin repair for acute or chronic wounds through the use of tissue-engineered products is an active field of research. This study evaluates the effects mediated by tissue-engineered biological dressings containing human in vitro-differentiated adipocytes and adipose-derived stromal cells (ASCs). Re-epithelialization, granulation tissue formation and neovascularization of full-thickness cutaneous wounds were specifically assessed using a murine model featuring a fluorescent epidermis. In comparison with wounds that did not receive an adipocyte-containing biological dressing, treated wounds displayed a slight but significantly faster wound closure based on macroscopic observations over 18 days. Non-invasive imaging of GFP-expressing keratinocytes determined that the kinetics of re-epithelialization were similar for both groups. Treated wounds featured thicker granulation tissues (1.7-fold, P < 0.0001) enriched in collagens (1.3-fold, P < 0.0104). In addition, wound cryosections labeled for detection of CD31-expressing cells indicated a 2.2-fold (P < 0.0002) increased neovascularization for the treated wounds at the time of terminal biopsy. This is in accordance with the secretion of pro-angiogenic factors detected in media conditioned by the dressings. Taken together, these results establish that a new type of engineered substitutes featuring a mixture of adipocytes and ASCs can promote cutaneous healing when applied as temporary dressings, suggesting their potential relevance for chronic wound management studies.
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23
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Proulx M, Aubin K, Lagueux J, Audet P, Auger M, Fortin MA, Fradette J. Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Human Tissue-Engineered Adipose Substitutes. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2015; 21:693-704. [PMID: 25549069 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2014.0409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue (AT) substitutes are being developed to answer the strong demand in reconstructive surgery. To facilitate the validation of their functional performance in vivo, and to avoid resorting to excessive number of animals, it is crucial at this stage to develop biomedical imaging methodologies, enabling the follow-up of reconstructed AT substitutes. Until now, biomedical imaging of AT substitutes has scarcely been reported in the literature. Therefore, the optimal parameters enabling good resolution, appropriate contrast, and graft delineation, as well as blood perfusion validation, must be studied and reported. In this study, human adipose substitutes produced from adipose-derived stem/stromal cells using the self-assembly approach of tissue engineering were implanted into athymic mice. The fate of the reconstructed AT substitutes implanted in vivo was successfully followed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which is the imaging modality of choice for visualizing soft ATs. T1-weighted images allowed clear delineation of the grafts, followed by volume integration. The magnetic resonance (MR) signal of reconstructed AT was studied in vitro by proton nuclear magnetic resonance ((1)H-NMR). This confirmed the presence of a strong triglyceride peak of short longitudinal proton relaxation time (T1) values (200 ± 53 ms) in reconstructed AT substitutes (total T1=813 ± 76 ms), which establishes a clear signal difference between adjacent muscle, connective tissue, and native fat (total T1 ~300 ms). Graft volume retention was followed up to 6 weeks after implantation, revealing a gradual resorption rate averaging at 44% of initial substitute's volume. In addition, vascular perfusion measured by dynamic contrast-enhanced-MRI confirmed the graft's vascularization postimplantation (14 and 21 days after grafting). Histological analysis of the grafted tissues revealed the persistence of numerous adipocytes without evidence of cysts or tissue necrosis. This study describes the in vivo grafting of human adipose substitutes devoid of exogenous matrix components, and for the first time, the optimal parameters necessary to achieve efficient MRI visualization of grafted tissue-engineered adipose substitutes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryse Proulx
- 1 Division of Regenerative Medicine, CHU de Québec Research Centre , Québec, Canada .,2 Département de Chirurgie, Centre de Recherche en Organogenèse Expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX , Québec, Canada
| | - Kim Aubin
- 1 Division of Regenerative Medicine, CHU de Québec Research Centre , Québec, Canada .,2 Département de Chirurgie, Centre de Recherche en Organogenèse Expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX , Québec, Canada
| | - Jean Lagueux
- 1 Division of Regenerative Medicine, CHU de Québec Research Centre , Québec, Canada
| | - Pierre Audet
- 3 Département de Chimie, Université Laval , Québec, Canada
| | - Michèle Auger
- 3 Département de Chimie, Université Laval , Québec, Canada .,4 Centre de Recherche sur les Matériaux Avancés (CERMA), Université Laval , Québec, Canada .,5 Regroupement québécois de recherche sur la fonction, la structure et l'ingénierie des protéines (PROTEO), Université Laval , Québec, Canada
| | - Marc-André Fortin
- 1 Division of Regenerative Medicine, CHU de Québec Research Centre , Québec, Canada .,4 Centre de Recherche sur les Matériaux Avancés (CERMA), Université Laval , Québec, Canada .,6 Département de Génie des Mines, de la Métallurgie et des Matériaux, Université Laval , Québec, Canada
| | - Julie Fradette
- 1 Division of Regenerative Medicine, CHU de Québec Research Centre , Québec, Canada .,2 Département de Chirurgie, Centre de Recherche en Organogenèse Expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX , Québec, Canada
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24
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Araki S, Imai S, Ishigaki H, Mimura T, Nishizawa K, Ueba H, Kumagai K, Kubo M, Mori K, Ogasawara K, Matsusue Y. Improved quality of cartilage repair by bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells for treatment of an osteochondral defect in a cynomolgus macaque model. Acta Orthop 2015; 86:119-26. [PMID: 25175660 PMCID: PMC4366661 DOI: 10.3109/17453674.2014.958807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Integration of repaired cartilage with surrounding native cartilage is a major challenge for successful tissue-engineering strategies of cartilage repair. We investigated whether incorporation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into the collagen scaffold improves integration and repair of cartilage defects in a cynomolgus macaque model. METHODS Cynomolgus macaque bone marrow-derived MSCs were isolated and incorporated into type-I collagen gel. Full-thickness osteochondral defects (3 mm in diameter, 5 mm in depth) were created in the patellar groove of 36 knees of 18 macaques and were either left untreated (null group, n = 12), had collagen gel alone inserted (gel group, n = 12), or had collagen gel incorporating MSCs inserted (MSC group, n = 12). After 6, 12, and 24 weeks, the cartilage integration and tissue response were evaluated macroscopically and histologically (4 null, 4 gel, and 4 MSC knees at each time point). RESULTS The gel group showed most cartilage-rich reparative tissue covering the defect, owing to formation of excessive cartilage extruding though the insufficient subchondral bone. Despite the fact that a lower amount of new cartilage was produced, the MSC group had better-quality cartilage with regular surface, seamless integration with neighboring naïve cartilage, and reconstruction of trabecular subchondral bone. INTERPRETATION Even with intensive investigation, MSC-based cell therapy has not yet been established in experimental cartilage repair. Our model using cynomolgus macaques had optimized conditions, and the method using MSCs is superior to other experimental settings, allowing the possibility that the procedure might be introduced to future clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hirohito Ishigaki
- Department of Molecular Medical Biochemistry, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Kazumasa Ogasawara
- Department of Molecular Medical Biochemistry, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, Japan.
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25
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Aubin K, Vincent C, Proulx M, Mayrand D, Fradette J. Creating capillary networks within human engineered tissues: impact of adipocytes and their secretory products. Acta Biomater 2015; 11:333-45. [PMID: 25278444 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2014.09.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Revised: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The development of tissue-engineered substitutes of substantial volume is closely associated with the need to ensure rapid vascularization upon grafting. Strategies promoting angiogenesis include the in vitro formation of capillary-like networks within engineered substitutes. We generated both connective and adipose tissues based on a cell sheet technology using human adipose-derived stromal cells. This study evaluates the morphology and extent of the capillary networks that developed upon seeding of human microvascular endothelial cells during tissue production. We posited that adipocyte presence/secretory products could modulate the resulting capillary network when compared to connective substitutes. Analyses including confocal imaging of CD31-labeled capillary-like networks indicated slight differences in their morphological appearance. However, the total volume occupied by the networks as well as the frequency distribution of the structure's volumes were similar between connective and adipose tissues. The average diameter of the capillary structures tended to be 20% higher in reconstructed adipose tissues. Quantification of pro-angiogenic molecules in conditioned media showed greater amounts of leptin (15×), angiopoietin-1 (3.4×) and HGF (1.7×) secreted from adipose than connective tissues at the time of endothelial cell seeding. However, this difference was attenuated during the following coculture period in endothelial cell-containing media, correlating with the minor differences noted between the networks. Taken together, we developed a protocol allowing reconstruction of both connective and adipose tissues featuring well-developed capillary networks in vitro. We performed a detailed characterization of the network architecture within engineered tissues that is relevant for graft assessment before implantation as well as for in vitro screening of angiogenic modulators using three-dimensional models.
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26
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Prospective study on the treatment of lower-extremity chronic venous and mixed ulcers using tissue-engineered skin substitute made by the self-assembly approach. Adv Skin Wound Care 2014; 26:400-9. [PMID: 23958872 DOI: 10.1097/01.asw.0000433102.48268.2a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite present optimal standard treatment of lower-extremity ulceration, a high incidence of recurrence and treatment failure is observed. The objective of this project was to evaluate the effect of a self-assembled skin substitute (SASS) made by tissue engineering as a temporary cutaneous dressing in the treatment of hard-to-heal chronic ulcers. PATIENTS AND METHODS The prospective uncontrolled case study includes patients suffering from venous or mixed ulcers lasting more than 6 months and unresponsive to compression therapy, with an Ankle Brachial Index greater than 0.5. Compression therapy was combined with the weekly application of SASS, produced from the patient's own skin cells, until healing. A weekly follow-up recorded wound size, skin aspect, pain, drainage, and percentage of wound healing. Photographs were also taken to assess ulcer evolution. RESULTS Fourteen ulcers present on 5 patients were treated. A mean of 6.7 SASS depositions by ulcer was required for healing. Two ulcers developed a minor wound infection, which was treated with oral antibiotics; another 2 ulcers recurred, and 1 healed with a second course of treatment, whereas 1 ulcer had a small recurrence treated with local wound care. CONCLUSION The authors' study suggests that the SASS used as a biological dressing is a promising treatment for hard-to-heal chronic venous and mixed ulcers that are unresponsive to compression therapy.
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27
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Cartilage repair using mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) sheet and MSCs-loaded bilayer PLGA scaffold in a rabbit model. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2014; 22:1424-33. [PMID: 23108680 DOI: 10.1007/s00167-012-2256-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2012] [Accepted: 10/15/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The integration of regenerated cartilage with surrounding native cartilage is a major challenge for the success of cartilage tissue-engineering strategies. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether incorporation of the power of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) sheet to MSCs-loaded bilayer poly-(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) scaffolds can improve the integration and repair of cartilage defects in a rabbit model. METHODS Rabbit bone marrow-derived MSCs were cultured and formed cell sheet. Full-thickness cylindrical osteochondral defects (4 mm in diameter, 3 mm in depth) were created in the patellar groove of 18 New Zealand white rabbits and the osteochondral defects were treated with PLGA scaffold (n = 6), PLGA/MSCs (n = 6) or MSC sheet-encapsulated PLGA/MSCs (n = 6). After 6 and 12 weeks, the integration and tissue response were evaluated histologically. RESULTS The MSC sheet-encapsulated PLGA/MCSs group showed significantly more amounts of hyaline cartilage and higher histological scores than PLGA/MSCs group and PLGA group (P < 0.05). In addition, the MSC sheet-encapsulated PLGA/MCSs group showed the best integration between the repaired cartilage and surrounding normal cartilage and subchondral bone compared to other two groups. CONCLUSIONS The novel method of incorporation of MSC sheet to PLGA/MCSs could enhance the ability of cartilage regeneration and integration between repair cartilage and the surrounding cartilage. Transplantation of autologous MSC sheet combined with traditional strategies or cartilage debris might provide therapeutic opportunities for improving cartilage regeneration and integration in humans.
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28
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Ferraro GA, De Francesco F, Nicoletti G, Paino F, Desiderio V, Tirino V, D'Andrea F. Human adipose CD34+ CD90+ stem cells and collagen scaffold constructs grafted in vivo fabricate loose connective and adipose tissues. J Cell Biochem 2013; 114:1039-49. [PMID: 23129214 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2012] [Accepted: 10/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Stem cell based therapies for the repair and regeneration of various tissues are of great interest for a high number of diseases. Adult stem cells, instead, are more available, abundant and harvested with minimally invasive procedures. In particular, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multi-potent progenitors, able to differentiate into bone, cartilage, and adipose tissues. Human adult adipose tissue seems to be the most abundant source of MSCs and, due to its easy accessibility; it is able to give a considerable amount of stem cells. In this study, we selected MSCs co-expressing CD34 and CD90 from adipose tissue. This stem cell population displayed higher proliferative capacity than CD34(-) CD90(-) cells and was able to differentiate in vitro into adipocytes (PPARγ(+) and adiponectin(+)) and endothelial cells (CD31(+) VEGF(+) Flk1(+)). In addition, in methylcellulose without VEGF, it formed a vascular network. The aim of this study was to investigate differentiation potential of human adipose CD34(+) /CD90(+) stem cells loaded onto commercial collagen sponges already used in clinical practice (Gingistat) both in vitro and in vivo. The results of this study clearly demonstrate that human adult adipose and loose connective tissues can be obtained in vivo, highlighting that CD34(+) /CD90 ASCs are extremely useful for regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe A Ferraro
- Dipartimento di Scienze Ortopediche, Riabilitative, Traumatologiche e Plastico-Ricostruttive, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, Italy
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29
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Methylcellulose based thermally reversible hydrogel system for tissue engineering applications. Cells 2013; 2:460-75. [PMID: 24709793 PMCID: PMC3972673 DOI: 10.3390/cells2030460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2013] [Revised: 06/03/2013] [Accepted: 06/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The thermoresponsive behavior of a Methylcellulose (MC) polymer was systematically investigated to determine its usability in constructing MC based hydrogel systems in cell sheet engineering applications. Solution-gel analyses were made to study the effects of polymer concentration, molecular weight and dissolved salts on the gelation of three commercially available MCs using differential scanning calorimeter and rheology. For investigation of the hydrogel stability and fluid uptake capacity, swelling and degradation experiments were performed with the hydrogel system exposed to cell culture solutions at incubation temperature for several days. From these experiments, the optimal composition of MC-water-salt that was able to produce stable hydrogels at or above 32 °C, was found to be 12% to 16% of MC (Mol. wt. of 15,000) in water with 0.5× PBS (~150mOsm). This stable hydrogel system was then evaluated for a week for its efficacy to support the adhesion and growth of specific cells in culture; in our case the stromal/stem cells derived from human adipose tissue derived stem cells (ASCs). The results indicated that the addition (evenly spread) of ~200 µL of 2 mg/mL bovine collagen type -I (pH adjusted to 7.5) over the MC hydrogel surface at 37 °C is required to improve the ASC adhesion and proliferation. Upon confluence, a continuous monolayer ASC sheet was formed on the surface of the hydrogel system and an intact cell sheet with preserved cell–cell and cell–extracellular matrix was spontaneously and gradually detached when the grown cell sheet was removed from the incubator and exposed to room temperature (~30 °C) within minutes.
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30
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Neo PY, See EYS, Toh SL, Goh JCH. Temporal profiling of the growth and multi-lineage potentiality of adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells cell-sheets. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2013; 10:564-79. [PMID: 23784965 DOI: 10.1002/term.1776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2012] [Revised: 04/11/2013] [Accepted: 04/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cell-sheet tissue engineering retains the benefits of an intact extracellular matrix (ECM) and can be used to produce scaffold-free constructs. Adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ASCs) are multipotent and more easily obtainable than the commonly used bone marrow-derived stem cells (BMSCs). Although BMSC cell sheets have been previously reported to display multipotentiality, a detailed study of the development and multilineage potential of ASC cell sheets (ASC-CSs) is non-existent in the literature. The aims of this study were to temporally profile: (a) the effect of hyperconfluent culture duration on ASC-CSs development; and (b) the multipotentiality of ASC-CSs by differentiation into the osteogenic, adipogenic and chondrogenic lineages. Rabbit ASCs were first isolated and cultured until confluence (day 0). The confluent cells were then cultured in ascorbic acid-supplemented medium for 3 weeks to study cell metabolic activity, cell sheet thickness and early differentiation gene expressions at weekly time points. ASC-CSs and ASCs were then differentiated into the three lineages, using established protocols, and assessed by RT-PCR and histology at multiple time points. ASC-CSs remained healthy up to 3 weeks of hyperconfluent culture. One week-old cell sheets displayed upregulation of early differentiation gene markers (Runx2 and Sox9); however, subsequent differentiation results indicated that they did not necessarily translate to an improved phenotype. ASCs within the preformed cell sheet groups did not differentiate as efficiently as the non-hyperconfluent ASCs, which were directly differentiated. Although ASCs within the cell sheets retained their differentiation capacity and remained viable under prolonged hyperconfluent conditions, future applications of ASC-CSs in tissue engineering should be considered with care. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puay Yong Neo
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore
| | - Eugene Yong-Shun See
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore
| | - Siew Lok Toh
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore
| | - James Cho-Hong Goh
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yong Lin Loo School of Medicine, National University of Singapore
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31
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Abstract
In 2001, researchers at the University of California, Los Angeles, described the isolation of a new population of adult stem cells from liposuctioned adipose tissue. These stem cells, now known as adipose-derived stem cells or ADSCs, have gone on to become one of the most popular adult stem cells populations in the fields of stem cell research and regenerative medicine. As of today, thousands of research and clinical articles have been published using ASCs, describing their possible pluripotency in vitro, their uses in regenerative animal models, and their application to the clinic. This paper outlines the progress made in the ASC field since their initial description in 2001, describing their mesodermal, ectodermal, and endodermal potentials both in vitro and in vivo, their use in mediating inflammation and vascularization during tissue regeneration, and their potential for reprogramming into induced pluripotent cells.
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32
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Jean J, Leroy M, Duque-Fernandez A, Bernard G, Soucy J, Pouliot R. Characterization of a psoriatic skin model produced with involved or uninvolved cells. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2012; 9:789-98. [PMID: 23281213 DOI: 10.1002/term.1666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2012] [Revised: 09/13/2012] [Accepted: 11/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Current knowledge suggests that uninvolved psoriatic skin could demonstrate characteristics associated with both normal and involved psoriatic skins. However, the triggering factor allowing the conversion of uninvolved skin into a psoriatic plaque is not fully understood. To counter this lack of information, we decided to develop pathological skin substitutes produced with uninvolved psoriatic cells, in order to better characterize the uninvolved psoriatic skin. Substitutes were produced using the self-assembly approach. Macroscopic, immunohistochemical, permeability and physicochemical results showed that involved substitutes had a thicker epidermis, higher cell proliferation, abnormal cell differentiation and a more permeable and disorganized stratum corneum compared with normal substitutes. Various results were observed using uninvolved cells, leading to two proposed profiles: profile 1 was suggested for uninvolved skin substitutes mimicking the results obtained with normal skin substitutes; and profile 2 was dedicated to those mimicking involved skin substitutes in all aspects that were analysed. In summary, uninvolved substitutes of profile 1 had a thin, well-organized epidermis with normal cell proliferation and differentiation, such as observed with normal substitutes, while uninvolved substitutes of profile 2 showed an inverse trend, i.e. a thicker epidermis, higher cell proliferation, abnormal cell differentiation and a more disorganized and more permeable stratum corneum, such as seen with involved substitutes. The results suggest that uninvolved substitutes could demonstrate characteristics associated with both normal or involved psoriatic skins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Jean
- Laboratoire d'Organogénèse Expérimentale, Centre de Recherche FRSQ du CHU de Québec, Canada.,Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Marie Leroy
- Laboratoire d'Organogénèse Expérimentale, Centre de Recherche FRSQ du CHU de Québec, Canada.,Laboratoire d'Ingénierie de Surface (LIS), Département de Génie des Mines, de la Métallurgie et des Matériaux, Centre de Recherche sur les Matériaux Avancés, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Alexandra Duque-Fernandez
- Laboratoire d'Organogénèse Expérimentale, Centre de Recherche FRSQ du CHU de Québec, Canada.,Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Geneviève Bernard
- Laboratoire d'Organogénèse Expérimentale, Centre de Recherche FRSQ du CHU de Québec, Canada
| | - Jacques Soucy
- Département de Dermatologie, Hôpital de l'Enfant-Jésus, Québec, Canada
| | - Roxane Pouliot
- Laboratoire d'Organogénèse Expérimentale, Centre de Recherche FRSQ du CHU de Québec, Canada.,Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
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Liu JS, Gartner ZJ. Directing the assembly of spatially organized multicomponent tissues from the bottom up. Trends Cell Biol 2012; 22:683-91. [PMID: 23067679 PMCID: PMC3505240 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2012.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2012] [Revised: 09/02/2012] [Accepted: 09/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The complexity of the human body derives from numerous modular building blocks assembled hierarchically across multiple length scales. These building blocks, spanning sizes ranging from single cells to organs, interact to regulate development and normal organismal function but become disorganized during disease. Here, we review methods for the bottom-up and directed assembly of modular, multicellular, and tissue-like constructs in vitro. These engineered tissues will help refine our understanding of the relationship between form and function in the human body, provide new models for the breakdown in tissue architecture that accompanies disease, and serve as building blocks for the field of regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer S Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 95108, USA
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34
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Hayward CJ, Fradette J, Galbraith T, Rémy M, Guignard R, Gauvin R, Germain L, Auger FA. Harvesting the potential of the human umbilical cord: isolation and characterisation of four cell types for tissue engineering applications. Cells Tissues Organs 2012; 197:37-54. [PMID: 22965075 DOI: 10.1159/000341254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The human umbilical cord (UC) has attracted interest as a source of cells for many research applications. UC solid tissues contain four cell types: epithelial, stromal, smooth muscle and endothelial cells. We have developed a unique protocol for the sequential extraction of all four cell types from a single UC, allowing tissue reconstruction using multiple cell types from the same source. By combining perfusion, immersion and explant techniques, all four cell types have been successfully expanded in monolayer cultures. We have also characterised epithelial and Wharton's jelly cells (WJC) by immunolabelling of specific proteins. Epithelial cell yields averaged at 2.3 × 10(5) cells per centimetre UC, and the cells expressed an unusual combination of keratins typical of simple, mucous and stratified epithelia. Stromal cells in the Wharton's jelly expressed desmin, α-smooth muscle actin, elastin, keratins (K12, K16, K18 and K19), vimentin and collagens. Expression patterns in cultured cells resembled those found in situ except for basement membrane components and type III collagen. These stromal cells featured a sustained proliferation rate up to passage 12 after thawing. The mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) character of the WJC was confirmed by their expression of typical MSC surface markers and by adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation assays. To emphasise and demonstrate their potential for regenerative medicine, UC cell types were successfully used to produce human tissue-engineered constructs. Both bilayered stromal/epithelial and vascular substitutes were produced, establishing the versatility and importance of these cells for research and therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy J Hayward
- Centre LOEX de l'Université Laval, Université Laval, Québec, Qué., Canada
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Fortier GM, Gauvin R, Proulx M, Vallée M, Fradette J. Dynamic culture induces a cell type-dependent response impacting on the thickness of engineered connective tissues. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2011; 7:292-301. [PMID: 22162315 DOI: 10.1002/term.522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2011] [Revised: 05/25/2011] [Accepted: 09/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal cells are central to connective tissue homeostasis and are widely used for tissue-engineering applications. Dermal fibroblasts and adipose-derived stromal cells (ASCs) allow successful tissue reconstruction by the self-assembly approach of tissue engineering. This method leads to the production of multilayered tissues, devoid of exogenous biomaterials, that can be used as stromal compartments for skin or vesical reconstruction. These tissues are formed by combining cell sheets, generated through cell stimulation with ascorbic acid, which favours the cell-derived production/organization of matrix components. Since media motion can impact on cell behaviour, we investigated the effect of dynamic culture on mesenchymal cells during tissue reconstruction, using the self-assembly method. Tissues produced using ASCs in the presence of a wave-like movement were nearly twice thicker than under standard conditions, while no difference was observed for tissues produced from dermal fibroblasts. The increased matrix deposition was not correlated with an increased proliferation of ASCs, or by higher transcript levels of fibronectin or collagens I and III. A 30% increase of type V collagen mRNA was observed. Interestingly, tissues engineered from dermal fibroblasts featured a four-fold higher level of MMP-1 transcripts under dynamic conditions. Mechanical properties were similar for tissues reconstructed using dynamic or static conditions. Finally, cell sheets produced using ASCs under dynamic conditions could readily be manipulated, resulting in a 2 week reduction of the production time (from 5 to 3 weeks). Our results describe a distinctive property of ASCs' response to media motion, indicating that their culture under dynamic conditions leads to optimized tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Marceau Fortier
- Centre LOEX de l'Université Laval, Génie Tissulaire et Régénération; LOEX - Centre de Recherche FRSQ du Centre Hospitalier Affilié Universitaire de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada G1J 1Z4
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Lequeux C, Auxenfans C, Thépot A, Géloën A, André V, Damour O, Mojallal A. A simple way to reconstruct a human 3-d hypodermis: a useful tool for pharmacological functionality. Skin Pharmacol Physiol 2011; 25:47-55. [PMID: 21986296 DOI: 10.1159/000330904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2011] [Accepted: 07/06/2011] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adipose tissue engineering has been hampered by the inability to culture mature adipocytes. Adipose-derived stem cell (ASC) culture opens the way for the preparation of human 3-D hypodermis in large quantities. These models play a role in obesity-related active molecules and slimming agent screening. Moreover, they contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms underpinning obesity. MATERIALS AND METHODS Freshly extracted ASC from fat tissue were characterized by flow cytometry for CD73, CD90, CD105, HLA-ABC, CD14 and CD45 markers and by Western blot for pref-1. Their differentiation in mature adipocytes was followed by lipid and adiponectin secretion or by oil red O staining and radioimmunoassay. Neosynthesized extracellular matrix (ECM) of 3-D hypodermis was investigated by immunohistochemistry (collagen type I, V and VI) and transmission electron microscopy. RESULTS Our results demonstrate that the culture of preadipocytes in proliferation medium for 15 days followed by 16 days of culture in differentiation medium allowed production of the thickest single-layer hypodermis in which preadipocytes and mature adipocytes coexist and synthesize adiponectin and ECM components. Functionality of our 3-D single-layer hypodermis was demonstrated both by a 3.5-fold glycerol production after its stimulation with norepinephrine (adrenergic agonist) and by its slimming after caffeine treatment versus the nontreated 3-D hypodermis. CONCLUSION This economic 3-D model, easy to prepare and giving reproducible results after the treatment of actives, is useful for pharmacotoxicological trials as an alternative to animal experimentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Lequeux
- Banque de Tissus et Cellules, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Lyon, France. charlotte.lequeux @ chu-lyon.fr
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