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Martin ET, Blatt P, Nguyen E, Lahr R, Selvam S, Yoon HAM, Pocchiari T, Emtenani S, Siekhaus DE, Berman A, Fuchs G, Rangan P. A translation control module coordinates germline stem cell differentiation with ribosome biogenesis during Drosophila oogenesis. Dev Cell 2022; 57:883-900.e10. [PMID: 35413237 PMCID: PMC9011129 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2022.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Ribosomal defects perturb stem cell differentiation, and this is the cause of ribosomopathies. How ribosome levels control stem cell differentiation is not fully known. Here, we discover that three DExD/H-box proteins govern ribosome biogenesis (RiBi) and Drosophila oogenesis. Loss of these DExD/H-box proteins, which we name Aramis, Athos, and Porthos, aberrantly stabilizes p53, arrests the cell cycle, and stalls germline stem cell (GSC) differentiation. Aramis controls cell-cycle progression by regulating translation of mRNAs that contain a terminal oligo pyrimidine (TOP) motif in their 5' UTRs. We find that TOP motifs confer sensitivity to ribosome levels that are mediated by La-related protein (Larp). One such TOP-containing mRNA codes for novel nucleolar protein 1 (Non1), a conserved p53 destabilizing protein. Upon a sufficient ribosome concentration, Non1 is expressed, and it promotes GSC cell-cycle progression via p53 degradation. Thus, a previously unappreciated TOP motif in Drosophila responds to reduced RiBi to co-regulate the translation of ribosomal proteins and a p53 repressor, coupling RiBi to GSC differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elliot T Martin
- Department of Biological Sciences/RNA Institute, University at Albany, SUNY, Albany, NY 12202, USA
| | - Patrick Blatt
- Department of Biological Sciences/RNA Institute, University at Albany, SUNY, Albany, NY 12202, USA
| | - Elaine Nguyen
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Roni Lahr
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Sangeetha Selvam
- Department of Biological Sciences/RNA Institute, University at Albany, SUNY, Albany, NY 12202, USA
| | - Hyun Ah M Yoon
- Department of Biological Sciences/RNA Institute, University at Albany, SUNY, Albany, NY 12202, USA; Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - Tyler Pocchiari
- Department of Biological Sciences/RNA Institute, University at Albany, SUNY, Albany, NY 12202, USA; SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210-2375, USA
| | - Shamsi Emtenani
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Daria E Siekhaus
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Andrea Berman
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Gabriele Fuchs
- Department of Biological Sciences/RNA Institute, University at Albany, SUNY, Albany, NY 12202, USA.
| | - Prashanth Rangan
- Department of Biological Sciences/RNA Institute, University at Albany, SUNY, Albany, NY 12202, USA.
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Caputo M, Pigni S, Agosti E, Daffara T, Ferrero A, Filigheddu N, Prodam F. Regulation of GH and GH Signaling by Nutrients. Cells 2021; 10:1376. [PMID: 34199514 PMCID: PMC8227158 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-I) are pleiotropic hormones with important roles in lifespan. They promote growth, anabolic actions, and body maintenance, and in conditions of energy deprivation, favor catabolic feedback mechanisms switching from carbohydrate oxidation to lipolysis, with the aim to preserve protein storages and survival. IGF-I/insulin signaling was also the first one identified in the regulation of lifespan in relation to the nutrient-sensing. Indeed, nutrients are crucial modifiers of the GH/IGF-I axis, and these hormones also regulate the complex orchestration of utilization of nutrients in cell and tissues. The aim of this review is to summarize current knowledge on the reciprocal feedback among the GH/IGF-I axis, macro and micronutrients, and dietary regimens, including caloric restriction. Expanding the depth of information on this topic could open perspectives in nutrition management, prevention, and treatment of GH/IGF-I deficiency or excess during life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Caputo
- SCDU of Endocrinology, University Hospital Maggiore della Carità, 28100 Novara, Italy; (M.C.); (S.P.); (T.D.); (A.F.)
- Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy;
| | - Stella Pigni
- SCDU of Endocrinology, University Hospital Maggiore della Carità, 28100 Novara, Italy; (M.C.); (S.P.); (T.D.); (A.F.)
| | - Emanuela Agosti
- Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy;
| | - Tommaso Daffara
- SCDU of Endocrinology, University Hospital Maggiore della Carità, 28100 Novara, Italy; (M.C.); (S.P.); (T.D.); (A.F.)
| | - Alice Ferrero
- SCDU of Endocrinology, University Hospital Maggiore della Carità, 28100 Novara, Italy; (M.C.); (S.P.); (T.D.); (A.F.)
| | - Nicoletta Filigheddu
- Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy;
| | - Flavia Prodam
- SCDU of Endocrinology, University Hospital Maggiore della Carità, 28100 Novara, Italy; (M.C.); (S.P.); (T.D.); (A.F.)
- Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy;
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Bechelli J, Rumfield CS, Walker DH, Widen S, Khanipov K, Fang R. Subversion of Host Innate Immunity by Rickettsia australis via a Modified Autophagic Response in Macrophages. Front Immunol 2021; 12:638469. [PMID: 33912163 PMCID: PMC8071864 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.638469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We recently reported that the in vitro and in vivo survivals of Rickettsia australis are Atg5-dependent, in association with an inhibited level of anti-rickettsial cytokine, IL-1β. In the present study, we sought to investigate how R. australis interacts with host innate immunity via an Atg5-dependent autophagic response. We found that the serum levels of IFN-γ and G-CSF in R. australis-infected Atg5flox/floxLyz-Cre mice were significantly less compared to Atg5flox/flox mice, accompanied by significantly lower rickettsial loads in tissues with inflammatory cellular infiltrations including neutrophils. R. australis infection differentially regulated a significant number of genes in bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs) in an Atg5-depdent fashion as determined by RNA sequencing and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis, including genes in the molecular networks of IL-1 family cytokines and PI3K-Akt-mTOR. The secretion levels of inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1α, IL-18, TNF-α, and IL-6, by R. australis-infected Atg5flox/floxLyz-Cre BMMs were significantly greater compared to infected Atg5flox/flox BMMs. Interestingly, R. australis significantly increased the levels of phosphorylated mTOR and P70S6K at a time when the autophagic response is induced. Rapamycin treatment nearly abolished the phosphorylated mTOR and P70S6K but did not promote significant autophagic flux during R. australis infection. These results highlight that R. australis modulates an Atg5-dependent autophagic response, which is not sensitive to regulation by mTORC1 signaling in macrophages. Overall, we demonstrate that R. australis counteracts host innate immunity including IL-1β-dependent inflammatory response to support the bacterial survival via an mTORC1-resistant autophagic response in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Bechelli
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, United States.,Department of Biological Sciences, Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, TX, United States
| | - Claire S Rumfield
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, United States.,Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - David H Walker
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, United States.,Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Steven Widen
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Kamil Khanipov
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Rong Fang
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, United States.,Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
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Prattichizzo F, De Nigris V, Spiga R, Mancuso E, La Sala L, Antonicelli R, Testa R, Procopio AD, Olivieri F, Ceriello A. Inflammageing and metaflammation: The yin and yang of type 2 diabetes. Ageing Res Rev 2018; 41:1-17. [PMID: 29081381 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2017.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is characterised by chronic low-grade inflammation, recently referred to as 'metaflammation', a relevant factor contributing to the development of both diabetes and its complications. Nonetheless, 'canonical' anti-inflammatory drugs do not yield satisfactory results in terms of prevention of diabetes progression and of cardiovascular events, suggesting that the causal mechanisms fostering metaflammation deserve further research to identify new druggable targets. Metaflammation resembles ageing-induced low-grade inflammation, previously referred to as inflammageing, in terms of clinical presentation and the molecular profile, pointing to a common aetiology for both conditions. Along with the mechanisms proposed to fuel inflammageing, here we dissect a plethora of pathological cascades triggered by gluco- and lipotoxicity, converging on candidate phenomena possibly explaining the enduring pro-inflammatory program observed in diabetic tissues, i.e. persistent immune-system stimulation, accumulation of senescent cells, epigenetic rearrangements, and alterations in microbiota composition. We discuss the possibility of harnessing these recent discoveries in future therapies for T2DM. Moreover, we review recent evidence regarding the ability of diets and physical exercise to modulate selected inflammatory pathways relevant for the diabetic pathology. Finally, we examine the latest findings showing putative anti-inflammatory mechanisms of anti-hyperglycaemic agents with proven efficacy against T2DM-induced cardiovascular complications, in order to gain insights into quickly translatable therapeutic approaches.
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Spatial Activation of TORC1 Is Regulated by Hedgehog and E2F1 Signaling in the Drosophila Eye. Dev Cell 2017; 42:363-375.e4. [PMID: 28829944 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2017.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Revised: 06/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Target of rapamycin complex 1 (TORC1) regulates cell growth in response to nutrients and growth factors. Although TORC1 signaling has been thoroughly studied at the cellular level, the regulation of TORC1 in multicellular tissues and organs has remained elusive. Here we found that TORC1 is selectively activated in the second mitotic wave (SMW), the terminal synchronous cell division, of the developing Drosophila eye. We demonstrated that Hedgehog (Hh) signaling regulates TORC1 through E2F1 and the cyclin D/Cdk4 complex in the SMW, and this regulation is independent from insulin and amino acid signaling pathways. TORC1 is necessary for the proper G1/S transition of the cells, and the activation of TORC1 rescues the cell-cycle defect of Hh signaling-deficient cells in the SMW. Based on this evolutionarily conserved regulation of TORC1 by Hh signaling, we propose that Hh-dependent developmental signaling pathways spatially regulate TORC1 activity in multicellular organisms.
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Chen HJ, Jiang YL, Lin CM, Tsai SC, Peng SF, Fushiya S, Hour MJ, Yang JS. Dual inhibition of EGFR and c-Met kinase activation by MJ-56 reduces metastasis of HT29 human colorectal cancer cells. Int J Oncol 2013; 43:141-50. [PMID: 23677180 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2013.1941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2013] [Accepted: 04/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Quinazolinone derivatives are known to possess anticancer activities on cell metastasis and cell death in different human cancer cell lines. Here, we studied the anti-metastasis activity and the underlying mechanisms of the novel quinazoline derivative MJ-56 (6-pyrrolidinyl-2-(3-bromostyryl)quinazolin-4-one). MJ-56 inhibited cell migration and invasion of HT29 human colorectal cancer cells by wound-healing and Matrigel-coated transwell assays in a concentration-dependent manner. MJ-56-treated cells resulted in the reduced expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, -7, -9 and -10 and the reduced enzymatic activities of MMP-2 and MMP-9. In contrast, MJ-56-treated cells enhanced the expression of the tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) TIMP-1 and TIMP-2. Further analyses showed that MJ-56 attenuated the activities of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), c-Met and the downstream ERK-mediated MAPK and PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathways, which led to decreased protein synthesis by dephosphorylating the translation initiation factors eIF-4B, eIF-4E, eIF-4G and S6 ribosomal protein. In addition, MJ-56 interfered with the NF-κB signaling via impairing PI3K/AKT activation and subsequently reduced the NF-κB-mediated transcription of MMPs. Taken together, the reduced expression of phosphor-EGFR and c-MET is chiefly responsible for all events of blocking metastasis. Our results suggest a potential role of MJ-56 on therapy of colorectal cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Jye Chen
- Graduate Institute of Molecular Systems Biomedicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan, R.O.C
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