1
|
Stavrides P, Goulbourne CN, Peddy J, Huo C, Rao M, Khetarpal V, Marchionini DM, Nixon RA, Yang DS. mTOR inhibition in Q175 Huntington's disease model mice facilitates neuronal autophagy and mutant huntingtin clearance. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.29.596471. [PMID: 38854023 PMCID: PMC11160779 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.29.596471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is caused by expansion of the polyglutamine stretch in huntingtin protein (HTT) resulting in hallmark aggresomes/inclusion bodies (IBs) composed of mutant huntingtin protein (mHTT) and its fragments. Stimulating autophagy to enhance mHTT clearance is considered a potential therapeutic strategy for HD. Our recent evaluation of the autophagic-lysosomal pathway (ALP) in human HD brain reveals upregulated lysosomal biogenesis and relatively normal autophagy flux in early Vonsattel grade brains, but impaired autolysosome clearance in late grade brains, suggesting that autophagy stimulation could have therapeutic benefits as an earlier clinical intervention. Here, we tested this hypothesis by crossing the Q175 HD knock-in model with our autophagy reporter mouse TRGL ( T hy-1- R FP- G FP- L C3) to investigate in vivo neuronal ALP dynamics. In the Q175 and/or TRGL/Q175 mice, mHTT was detected in autophagic vacuoles and also exhibited high level colocalization with autophagy receptors p62/SQSTM1 and ubiquitin in the IBs. Compared to the robust lysosomal pathology in late-stage human HD striatum, ALP alterations in Q175 models are also late-onset but milder that included a lowered phospho-p70S6K level, lysosome depletion and autolysosome elevation including more poorly acidified autolysosomes and larger-sized lipofuscin granules, reflecting impaired autophagic flux. Administration of a mTOR inhibitor to 6-mo-old TRGL/Q175 normalized lysosome number, ameliorated aggresome pathology while reducing mHTT-, p62- and ubiquitin-immunoreactivities, suggesting beneficial potential of autophagy modulation at early stages of disease progression.
Collapse
|
2
|
Liemisa B, Newbury SF, Novy MJ, Pasato JA, Morales-Corraliza J, Peng KY, Mathews PM. Brain apolipoprotein E levels in mice challenged by a Western diet increase in an allele-dependent manner. AGING BRAIN 2023; 4:100102. [PMID: 38058491 PMCID: PMC10696459 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbas.2023.100102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Human apolipoprotein E (APOE) is the greatest determinant of genetic risk for memory deficits and Alzheimer's disease (AD). While APOE4 drives memory loss and high AD risk, APOE2 leads to healthy brain aging and reduced AD risk compared to the common APOE3 variant. We examined brain APOE protein levels in humanized mice homozygous for these alleles and found baseline levels to be age- and isoform-dependent: APOE2 levels were greater than APOE3, which were greater than APOE4. Despite the understanding that APOE lipoparticles do not traverse the blood-brain barrier, we show that brain APOE levels are responsive to dietary fat intake. Challenging mice for 6 months on a Western diet high in fat and cholesterol increased APOE protein levels in an allele-dependent fashion with a much greater increase within blood plasma than within the brain. In the brain, APOE2 levels responded most to the Western diet challenge, increasing by 20 % to 30 %. While increased lipoparticles are generally deleterious in the periphery, we propose that higher brain APOE2 levels may represent a readily available pool of beneficial lipid particles for neurons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Braison Liemisa
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan S. Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA
| | - Samantha F. Newbury
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan S. Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA
| | - Mariah J. Novy
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan S. Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA
| | - Jonathan A. Pasato
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan S. Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA
| | - Jose Morales-Corraliza
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan S. Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Katherine Y. Peng
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan S. Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Paul M. Mathews
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan S. Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
- NYU Neuroscience Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Novy MJ, Newbury SF, Liemisa B, Morales-Corraliza J, Alldred MJ, Ginsberg SD, Mathews PM. Expression and proteolytic processing of the amyloid precursor protein is unaffected by the expression of the three human apolipoprotein E alleles in the brains of mice. Neurobiol Aging 2022; 110:73-76. [PMID: 34875506 PMCID: PMC8758539 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2021.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The 3 human apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene alleles modify an individual's risk of developing Alzheimer's disease (AD): compared to the risk-neutral APOE ε3 allele, the ε4 allele (APOE4) is strongly associated with increased AD risk while the ε2 allele is protective. Multiple mechanisms have been shown to link APOE4 expression and AD risk, including the possibility that APOE4 increases the expression of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) (Y-W.A. Huang, B. Zhou, A.M. Nabet, M. Wernig, T.C. Südhof, 2019). In this study, we investigated the impact of APOE genotype on the expression, and proteolytic processing of endogenously expressed APP in the brains of mice humanized for the 3 APOE alleles. In contrast to prior studies using neuronal cultures, we found in the brain that both App gene expression, and the levels of APP holoprotein were not affected by APOE genotype. Additionally, our analysis of APP fragments showed that APOE genotype does not impact APP processing in the brain: the levels of both α- and β-cleaved soluble APP fragments (sAPPs) were similar across genotypes, as were the levels of the membrane-associated α- and β-cleaved C-terminal fragments (CTFs) of APP. Lastly, APOE genotype did not impact the level of soluble amyloid beta (Aβ). These findings argue that the APOE-allele-dependent AD risk is independent of the brain expression and processing of APP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariah J Novy
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan S. Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY, USA
| | - Samantha F Newbury
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan S. Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY, USA
| | - Braison Liemisa
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan S. Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY, USA
| | - Jose Morales-Corraliza
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan S. Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY, USA; Department of Psychiatry, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Melissa J Alldred
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan S. Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY, USA; Department of Psychiatry, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stephen D Ginsberg
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan S. Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY, USA; Department of Psychiatry, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA; NYU Neuroscience Institute, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA; Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Paul M Mathews
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan S. Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY, USA; Department of Psychiatry, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA; NYU Neuroscience Institute, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Brain-Wide Insulin Resistance, Tau Phosphorylation Changes, and Hippocampal Neprilysin and Amyloid-β Alterations in a Monkey Model of Type 1 Diabetes. J Neurosci 2016; 36:4248-58. [PMID: 27076423 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.4640-14.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Epidemiological findings suggest that diabetic individuals are at a greater risk for developing Alzheimer's disease (AD). To examine the mechanisms by which diabetes mellitus (DM) may contribute to AD pathology in humans, we examined brain tissue from streptozotocin-treated type 1 diabetic adult male vervet monkeys receiving twice-daily exogenous insulin injections for 8-20 weeks. We found greater inhibitory phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate 1 in each brain region examined of the diabetic monkeys when compared with controls, consistent with a pattern of brain insulin resistance that is similar to that reported in the human AD brain. Additionally, a widespread increase in phosphorylated tau was seen, including brain areas vulnerable in AD, as well as relatively spared structures, such as the cerebellum. An increase in active ERK1/2 was also detected, consistent with DM leading to changes in tau-kinase activity broadly within the brain. In contrast to these widespread changes, we found an increase in soluble amyloid-β (Aβ) levels that was restricted to the temporal lobe, with the greatest increase seen in the hippocampus. Consistent with this localized Aβ increase, a hippocampus-restricted decrease in the protein and mRNA for the Aβ-degrading enzyme neprilysin (NEP) was found, whereas various Aβ-clearing and -degrading proteins were unchanged. Thus, we document multiple biochemical changes in the insulin-controlled DM monkey brain that can link DM with the risk of developing AD, including dysregulation of the insulin-signaling pathway, changes in tau phosphorylation, and a decrease in NEP expression in the hippocampus that is coupled with a localized increase in Aβ. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Given that diabetes mellitus (DM) appears to increase the risk of developing Alzheimer's disease (AD), understanding the mechanisms by which DM promotes AD is important. We report that DM in a nonhuman primate brain leads to changes in the levels or posttranslational processing of proteins central to AD pathobiology, including tau, amyloid-β (Aβ), and the Aβ-degrading protease neprilysin. Additional evidence from this model suggests that alterations in brain insulin signaling occurred that are reminiscent of insulin signaling pathway changes seen in human AD. Thus, in an in vivo model highly relevant to humans, we show multiple alterations in the brain resulting from DM that are mechanistically linked to AD risk.
Collapse
|
5
|
Koch G, Di Lorenzo F, del Olmo MF, Bonní S, Ponzo V, Caltagirone C, Bozzali M, Martorana A. Reversal of LTP-Like Cortical Plasticity in Alzheimer’s Disease Patients with Tau-Related Faster Clinical Progression. J Alzheimers Dis 2016; 50:605-16. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-150813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Koch
- Non Invasive Brain Stimulation Unit/Department of Behavioural and Clinical Neurology, Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Stroke Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Tor Vergata Policlinic, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Di Lorenzo
- Non Invasive Brain Stimulation Unit/Department of Behavioural and Clinical Neurology, Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Stroke Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Tor Vergata Policlinic, Rome, Italy
| | - Miguel Fernandez del Olmo
- Faculty of Sciences of Sport and Physical Education, Department of Physical Education, University of A Coruña, Pazos-Liáns, Oleiros, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Sonia Bonní
- Non Invasive Brain Stimulation Unit/Department of Behavioural and Clinical Neurology, Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Viviana Ponzo
- Non Invasive Brain Stimulation Unit/Department of Behavioural and Clinical Neurology, Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Caltagirone
- Non Invasive Brain Stimulation Unit/Department of Behavioural and Clinical Neurology, Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Bozzali
- Neuroimaging Laboratory, Santa Lucia Foundation, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Mahler J, Morales-Corraliza J, Stolz J, Skodras A, Radde R, Duma CC, Eisele YS, Mazzella MJ, Wong H, Klunk WE, Nilsson KPR, Staufenbiel M, Mathews PM, Jucker M, Wegenast-Braun BM. Endogenous murine Aβ increases amyloid deposition in APP23 but not in APPPS1 transgenic mice. Neurobiol Aging 2015; 36:2241-2247. [PMID: 25911278 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2015.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Revised: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Endogenous murine amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) is expressed in most Aβ precursor protein (APP) transgenic mouse models of Alzheimer's disease but its contribution to β-amyloidosis remains unclear. We demonstrate ∼ 35% increased cerebral Aβ load in APP23 transgenic mice compared with age-matched APP23 mice on an App-null background. No such difference was found for the much faster Aβ-depositing APPPS1 transgenic mouse model between animals with or without the murine App gene. Nevertheless, both APP23 and APPPS1 mice codeposited murine Aβ, and immunoelectron microscopy revealed a tight association of murine Aβ with human Aβ fibrils. Deposition of murine Aβ was considerably less efficient compared with the deposition of human Aβ indicating a lower amyloidogenic potential of murine Aβ in vivo. The amyloid dyes Pittsburgh Compound-B and pentamer formyl thiophene acetic acid did not differentiate between amyloid deposits consisting of human Aβ and deposits of mixed human-murine Aβ. Our data demonstrate a differential effect of murine Aβ on human Aβ deposition in different APP transgenic mice. The mechanistically complex interaction of human and mouse Aβ may affect pathogenesis of the models and should be considered when models are used for translational preclinical studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin Mahler
- Department of Cellular Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; DZNE, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tübingen, Germany; Graduate School for Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jose Morales-Corraliza
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA; Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Julia Stolz
- Department of Cellular Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; DZNE, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tübingen, Germany; Graduate School for Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Angelos Skodras
- Department of Cellular Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; DZNE, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Rebecca Radde
- Department of Cellular Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Carmen C Duma
- Department of Cellular Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Yvonne S Eisele
- Department of Cellular Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; DZNE, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Matthew J Mazzella
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA
| | - Harrison Wong
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA
| | - William E Klunk
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - K Peter R Nilsson
- Department of Chemistry, IFM, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Matthias Staufenbiel
- Department of Cellular Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; DZNE, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Paul M Mathews
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA; Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mathias Jucker
- Department of Cellular Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; DZNE, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Bettina M Wegenast-Braun
- Department of Cellular Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; DZNE, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tübingen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Duffy AM, Morales-Corraliza J, Bermudez-Hernandez KM, Schaner MJ, Magagna-Poveda A, Mathews PM, Scharfman HE. Entorhinal cortical defects in Tg2576 mice are present as early as 2-4 months of age. Neurobiol Aging 2014; 36:134-48. [PMID: 25109765 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2014.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Revised: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The entorhinal cortex (EC) is one of the first brain areas to display neuropathology in Alzheimer's disease. A mouse model which simulates amyloid-β (Aβ) neuropathology, the Tg2576 mouse, was used to address these early changes. Here, we show EC abnormalities occur in 2- to 4-month-old Tg2576 mice, an age before Aβ deposition and where previous studies suggest that there are few behavioral impairments. First we show, using a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, that soluble human Aβ40 and Aβ42 are detectable in the EC of 2-month-old Tg2576 mice before Aβ deposition. We then demonstrate that 2- to 4-month-old Tg2576 mice are impaired at object placement, an EC-dependent cognitive task. Next, we show that defects in neuronal nuclear antigen expression and myelin uptake occur in the superficial layers of the EC in 2- to 4-month-old Tg2576 mice. In slices from Tg2576 mice that contained the EC, there were repetitive field potentials evoked by a single stimulus to the underlying white matter, and a greater response to reduced extracellular magnesium ([Mg(2+)]o), suggesting increased excitability. However, deep layer neurons in Tg2576 mice had longer latencies to antidromic activation than wild type mice. The results show changes in the EC at early ages and suggest that altered excitability occurs before extensive plaque pathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aine M Duffy
- Center for Dementia Research, The Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, New York, NY, USA; Department of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Jose Morales-Corraliza
- Center for Dementia Research, The Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, New York, NY, USA; Department of Psychiatry, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Keria M Bermudez-Hernandez
- Center for Dementia Research, The Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, New York, NY, USA; Department of Physiology & Neuroscience, Sackler Institute of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael J Schaner
- Center for Dementia Research, The Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alejandra Magagna-Poveda
- Center for Dementia Research, The Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, New York, NY, USA
| | - Paul M Mathews
- Center for Dementia Research, The Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, New York, NY, USA; Department of Psychiatry, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Helen E Scharfman
- Center for Dementia Research, The Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, New York, NY, USA; Department of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Psychiatry, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Physiology & Neuroscience, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|