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Pangath M, Unnikrishnan L, Throwba PH, Vasudevan K, Jayaraman S, Li M, Iyaswamy A, Palaniyandi K, Gnanasampanthapandian D. The Epigenetic Correlation among Ovarian Cancer, Endometriosis and PCOS: A Review. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2022; 180:103852. [DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2022.103852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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2
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Avery JT, Zhang R, Boohaker RJ. GLI1: A Therapeutic Target for Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:673154. [PMID: 34113570 PMCID: PMC8186314 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.673154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
GLI1 is a transcriptional effector at the terminal end of the Hedgehog signaling (Hh) pathway and is tightly regulated during embryonic development and tissue patterning/differentiation. GLI1 has low-level expression in differentiated tissues, however, in certain cancers, aberrant activation of GLI1 has been linked to the promotion of numerous hallmarks of cancer, such as proliferation, survival, angiogenesis, metastasis, metabolic rewiring, and chemotherapeutic resistance. All of these are driven, in part, by GLI1’s role in regulating cell cycle, DNA replication and DNA damage repair processes. The consequences of GLI1 oncogenic activity, specifically the activity surrounding DNA damage repair proteins, such as NBS1, and cell cycle proteins, such as CDK1, can be linked to tumorigenesis and chemoresistance. Therefore, understanding the underlying mechanisms driving GLI1 dysregulation can provide prognostic and diagnostic biomarkers to identify a patient population that would derive therapeutic benefit from either direct inhibition of GLI1 or targeted therapy towards proteins downstream of GLI1 regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin T Avery
- Oncology Department, Drug Discovery Division, Southern Research, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Ruowen Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | - Rebecca J Boohaker
- Oncology Department, Drug Discovery Division, Southern Research, Birmingham, AL, United States
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Wang J, Zhang T, Yang L, Yang G. Comprehensive genomic analysis of microenvironment phenotypes in ovarian cancer. PeerJ 2020; 8:e10255. [PMID: 33282553 PMCID: PMC7690309 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ovarian cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death in women. The incidence of ovarian cancer is insidious, and the recurrence rate is high. The survival rate of ovarian cancer has not significantly improved over the past decade. Recently, immune checkpoint inhibitors such as those targeting CTLA-4, PD-1, or PD-L1 have been used to treat ovarian cancer. Therefore, a full analysis of the immune biomarkers associated with this malignancy is necessary. Methods In this study, we used data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database to analyze the infiltration patterns of specific immune cell types in tumor samples. Data from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database was used for external validation. According to the invasion patterns of immune cells, we divided the ovarian cancer microenvironment into two clusters: A and B. These tumor microenvironment (TME) subtypes were associated with genomic and clinicopathological characteristics. Subsequently, a random forest classification model was established. Differential genomic features, functional enrichment, and DNA methylation were analyzed between the two clusters. The characteristics of immune cell infiltration and the expression of immune-related cytokines or markers were analyzed. Somatic mutation analysis was also performed between clusters A and B. Finally, multivariate Cox analysis was used to analyze independent prognostic factors. Results The ovarian cancer TME cluster A was characterized by less infiltration of immune cells and sparse distribution and low expression of immunomodulators. In contrast, cytotoxic T cells and immunosuppressive cells were significantly increased in the ovarian cancer TME cluster B. Additionally, immune-related cytokines or markers, including IFN-γ and TNF-β, were also expressed in large quantities. In total, 35 differentially methylated and expressed genes (DMEGs) were identified. Functional enrichment analyses revealed that the DMEGs in cluster B participated in important biological processes and immune-related pathways. The mutation load in cluster B was insignificantly higher than that of cluster A (p = 0.076). Multivariate Cox analysis showed that TME was an independent prognostic factor for ovarian cancer (hazard ratio: 1.33, 95% confidence interval: 1.01–1.75, p = 0.041). Conclusion This study described and classified basic information about the immune invasion pattern of ovarian cancer and integrated biomarkers related to different immunophenotypes to reveal interactions between ovarian cancer and the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingshu Wang
- Central Laboratory, The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- Acupuncture and Tuina College, Shanghai University of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lina Yang
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Gong Yang
- Central Laboratory, The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Tian H, Yan L, Xiao-Fei L, Hai-Yan S, Juan C, Shan K. Hypermethylation of mismatch repair gene hMSH2 associates with platinum-resistant disease in epithelial ovarian cancer. Clin Epigenetics 2019; 11:153. [PMID: 31666131 PMCID: PMC6822346 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-019-0748-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE One major reason of the high mortality of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is due to platinum-based chemotherapy resistance. Aberrant DNA methylation may be a potential mechanism underlying the development of platinum resistance in EOC. The purpose of this study is to discover potential aberrant DNA methylation that contributes to drug resistance. METHODS By initially screening of 16 platinum-sensitive/resistant samples from EOC patients with reduced representation bisulfite sequencing (RRBS), the upstream region of the hMSH2 gene was discovered hypermethylated in the platinum-resistant group. The effect of hMSH2 methylation on the cellular response to cisplatin was explored by demethylation and knockdown assays in ovarian cancer cell line A2780. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry was employed to examine the methylation levels of hMSH2 upstream region in additional 40 EOC patient samples. RT-qPCR and IHC assay was used to detect the hMSH2 mRNA and protein expression in extended 150 patients. RESULTS RRBS assay discovered an upstream region from - 1193 to - 1125 of hMSH2 was significant hypermethylated in resistant EOC patients (P = 1.06 × 10-14). In vitro analysis demonstrated that global demethylation increased cisplatin sensitivity along with a higher expression of the hMSH2 mRNA and protein. Knockdown hMSH2 reduced the cell sensitivity to cisplatin. MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry assay validated the strong association of hypermethylation of hMSH2 upstream region with platinum resistance. Spearman's correlation analysis revealed a significantly negative connection between methylation level of hMSH2 upstream region and its expression. The Kaplan-Meier analyses showed the high methylation of hMSH2 promoter region, and its low expressions are associated with worse survival. In multivariable models, hMSH2 low expression was an independent factor predicting poor outcome (P = 0.03, HR = 1.91, 95%CI = 1.85-2.31). CONCLUSION The hypermethylation of hMSH2 upstream region is associated with platinum resistant in EOC, and low expression of hMSH2 may be an index for the poor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Tian
- Department of Molecular Biology, Hebei Medical University, Fourth Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Affiliated Xing Tai People Hospital of Hebei Medial University, Xingtai, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Hebei Medical University, Fourth Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Li Yan
- Department of Molecular Biology, Hebei Medical University, Fourth Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Li Xiao-Fei
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Hebei Medical University, Fourth Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Sun Hai-Yan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Hebei Medical University, Fourth Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Chen Juan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Hebei Medical University, Fourth Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Kang Shan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Hebei Medical University, Fourth Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China.
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Lin HW, Fu CF, Chang MC, Lu TP, Lin HP, Chiang YC, Chen CA, Cheng WF. CDH1, DLEC1 and SFRP5 methylation panel as a prognostic marker for advanced epithelial ovarian cancer. Epigenomics 2018; 10:1397-1413. [PMID: 30324802 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2018-0035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the CDH1, DLEC1 and SFRP5 gene methylation panel for advanced epithelial ovarian carcinoma (EOC). MATERIALS & METHODS One hundred and seventy-seven advanced EOC specimens were evaluated by methylation-specific PCR. We also used The Cancer Genome Atlas dataset to evaluate the panel. RESULTS The presence of two or more methylated genes was significant in recurrence (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.91 [1.33-2.76]; p = 0.002) and death (HR: 1.96 [1.26-3.06]; p = 0.006) in our cohort. In The Cancer Genome Atlas dataset, the presence of two or three methylated genes was significant in death (HR: 1.59 [1.15-2.18]; p = 0.0047) and close to the significance level in recurrence (HR: 1.37 [0.99-1.88]; p = 0.058). CONCLUSION The CDH1, DLEC1 and SFRP5 methylation panel is a potential prognostic biomarker for advanced EOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Wei Lin
- Graduate Institute of Oncology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10055, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Feng Fu
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, E-da Cancer Hospital, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Cheng Chang
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10041, Taiwan.,Institute of Nuclear Energy Research, Atomic Energy Council, Executive Yuan, Taoyuan 32546, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Pin Lu
- Institute of Epidemiology & Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10055, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Ping Lin
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10041, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Cheng Chiang
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10041, Taiwan
| | - Chi-An Chen
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10041, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Fang Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Oncology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10055, Taiwan.,Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10041, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10002, Taiwan
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Clifford C, Vitkin N, Nersesian S, Reid-Schachter G, Francis JA, Koti M. Multi-omics in high-grade serous ovarian cancer: Biomarkers from genome to the immunome. Am J Reprod Immunol 2018; 80:e12975. [DOI: 10.1111/aji.12975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Cole Clifford
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences; Queen's University; Kingston ON Canada
| | - Natasha Vitkin
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences; Queen's University; Kingston ON Canada
- Cancer Biology and Genetics; Queen's Cancer Research Institute; Queen's University; Kingston ON Canada
| | - Sarah Nersesian
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences; Queen's University; Kingston ON Canada
- Cancer Biology and Genetics; Queen's Cancer Research Institute; Queen's University; Kingston ON Canada
| | | | - Julie-Ann Francis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Kingston Health Sciences Center; Queen's University; Kingston ON Canada
| | - Madhuri Koti
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences; Queen's University; Kingston ON Canada
- Cancer Biology and Genetics; Queen's Cancer Research Institute; Queen's University; Kingston ON Canada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Kingston Health Sciences Center; Queen's University; Kingston ON Canada
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7
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Zhao T, Bai J, Zou Q, Chen F, Xie Y. Insulin in combination with cisplatin induces the apoptosis of ovarian cancer cells via p53 and JNK activation. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:9095-9101. [PMID: 29039558 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug resistance is an obstacle to effective treatment of ovarian cancer. There have been substantial evidences supporting the association between diabetes and the sensitivity to chemotherapy. Insulin (INS) is believed to be the strongest, most lasting hypoglycemic drug. Therefore, the present study aimed to elucidate whether insulin could facilitate the anti‑proliferative activities of cisplatin (cis‑diamminedichloroplatinum, DDP) in the A2780 ovarian cancer cell line. The inhibitory effects of DPP with/without INS on the growth of A2780 cells was measured by MTT assay. The cell cycle stages and levels of apoptosis were determined by flow cytometry. The amounts of signaling elements involved in the regulation of were examined using western blotting and reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis. The results indicated that INS pre‑treatment enhanced the inhibitory effect of DDP on the proliferation of A2780 cells, and facilitated the apoptosis induced by DDP. INS‑DDP treatment led to a marked decrease in the percentage of G0/G1 phase cells, but a corresponding increase in the proportion of S phase cells. Furthermore, A2780 cells pretreated with INS followed by DDP upregulated the protein expression level of phosphorylated c‑Jun N‑terminal kinase (JNK), which resulted in a substantial increase in the expression levels of p53 mRNA and protein, compared with DDP administration alone. In conclusion, the combination of INS and DDP facilitated the apoptosis of A2780 cells, which may be associated with the activation of the JNK signaling pathway and consequently the involvement of p53 at both mRNA and protein expression levels. These results may be useful in furthering our understanding of the mechanisms involved in the chemotherapeutic treatment of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jiading Central Hospital Affiliated Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai 201800, P.R. China
| | - Jun Bai
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Changzheng Hospital Affiliated to The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, P.R. China
| | - Qingyun Zou
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Changzheng Hospital Affiliated to The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, P.R. China
| | - Feng Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, P.R. China
| | - Yan Xie
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jiading Central Hospital Affiliated Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai 201800, P.R. China
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El Bairi K, Kandhro AH, Gouri A, Mahfoud W, Louanjli N, Saadani B, Afqir S, Amrani M. Emerging diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic biomarkers for ovarian cancer. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2017; 40:105-118. [PMID: 27981507 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-016-0309-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In spite of various treatment options currently available, ovarian cancer (OC) still remains a leading cause of death in women world-wide. Diagnosis at an early stage is one of the most important factors that determines survival. Current clinical diagnostic tools have, however, a limited efficacy in early OC detection. Therefore, there is a critical need for new (early) diagnostic biomarkers and tools. Through advances in genomic, proteomic and metabolomic techniques, several novel molecular OC biomarkers have recently been identified. These biomarkers are currently subject to validation. In addition, integration of genomic, proteomic and metabolomic data, in conjunction with epidemiologic and clinical data, is considered essential for obtaining useful results. Interesting recent work has already shown that specific diagnostic biomarkers, such as BRCA mutations, may have profound therapeutic implications. Here, we review the current state of OC research through literature and database searches, with a focus on various recently identified biomarkers via different technologies for the (early) diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of OC. CONCLUSIONS Multi-biomarker panels accompanied by a meticulous determination of their sensitivity and specificity, as well their validation, using multivariate analyses will be critical for its clinical application, including early OC detection and tailor-made OC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid El Bairi
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Oujda, Morocco.
- Independent Research Team in Cancer Biology and Bioactive Compounds, Mohammed 1st University, Oujda, Morocco.
| | - Abdul Hafeez Kandhro
- Department of Biochemistry, Healthcare Molecular and Diagnostic Laboratory, Hyderabad, Pakistan
| | - Adel Gouri
- Laboratory of Medical Biochemistry, Ibn Rochd University Hospital, Annaba, Algeria
| | - Wafaa Mahfoud
- Laboratory of Biology and Health, URAC-34, Faculty of Science Ben Msik, University Hassan II, Mohammedia, Casablanca, Morocco
| | | | - Brahim Saadani
- IVF center IRIFIV, Clinique des Iris, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Said Afqir
- Department of Medical Oncology, Mohamed 1st University Hospital, Oujda, Morocco
| | - Mariam Amrani
- Equipe de Recherche ONCOGYMA, Faculty of Medicine, Pathology Department, National Institute of Oncology, Université Mohamed V, Rabat, Morocco
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10
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Yan B, Yin F, Wang QI, Zhang W, Li LI. Integration and bioinformatics analysis of DNA-methylated genes associated with drug resistance in ovarian cancer. Oncol Lett 2016; 12:157-166. [PMID: 27347118 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.4608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2014] [Accepted: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The main obstacle to the successful treatment of ovarian cancer is the development of drug resistance to combined chemotherapy. Among all the factors associated with drug resistance, DNA methylation apparently plays a critical role. In this study, we performed an integrative analysis of the 26 DNA-methylated genes associated with drug resistance in ovarian cancer, and the genes were further evaluated by comprehensive bioinformatics analysis including gene/protein interaction, biological process enrichment and annotation. The results from the protein interaction analyses revealed that at least 20 of these 26 methylated genes are present in the protein interaction network, indicating that they interact with each other, have a correlation in function, and may participate as a whole in the regulation of ovarian cancer drug resistance. There is a direct interaction between the phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) gene and at least half of the other genes, indicating that PTEN may possess core regulatory functions among these genes. Biological process enrichment and annotation demonstrated that most of these methylated genes were significantly associated with apoptosis, which is possibly an essential way for these genes to be involved in the regulation of multidrug resistance in ovarian cancer. In addition, a comprehensive analysis of clinical factors revealed that the methylation level of genes that are associated with the regulation of drug resistance in ovarian cancer was significantly correlated with the prognosis of ovarian cancer. Overall, this study preliminarily explains the potential correlation between the genes with DNA methylation and drug resistance in ovarian cancer. This finding has significance for our understanding of the regulation of resistant ovarian cancer by methylated genes, the treatment of ovarian cancer, and improvement of the prognosis of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingbing Yan
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Fuqiang Yin
- Medical Scientific Research Centre, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China; Key Laboratory of High-Incidence Tumor Prevention and Treatment, Guangxi Medical University, Ministry of Education, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Q I Wang
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - L I Li
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China; Key Laboratory of High-Incidence Tumor Prevention and Treatment, Guangxi Medical University, Ministry of Education, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
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LI YUANXIA, WAN XIAOLEI, WEI YE, LIU XIUWEN, LAI WENSHENG, ZHANG LIUPING, JIN JIE, WU CHAOYANG, SHAO QIXIANG, SHAO GENBAO, LIN QIONG. LSD1-mediated epigenetic modification contributes to ovarian cancer cell migration and invasion. Oncol Rep 2016; 35:3586-92. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.4729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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12
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LU JINZHI, ZHANG LEI, XIE FANG, ZHU LIYA, LI XIAOLAN, OUYANG JINGPING, HE XIAOHUA, HAN SONG, YI CUNJIAN. Mild oxidative stress induced by a low dose of cisplatin contributes to the escape of TRAIL-mediated apoptosis in the ovarian cancer SKOV3 cell line. Oncol Rep 2016; 35:3427-34. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.4702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Bryzgunova O, Laktionov P. Generation of blood circulating DNA: the sources, peculiarities of circulation and structure. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 61:409-26. [DOI: 10.18097/pbmc20156104409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular nucleic acids (exNA) were described in blood of both healthy and illness people as early as in 1948, but staied overlooked until middle 60-th. Starting from the beginning of new millennium and mainly in the last 5 years exNA are intensively studied. Main attention is directed to investigation of exNA as the source of diagnostic material whereas the mechanisms of their generation, as well as mechanisms to providing long-term circulation of exNA in the bloodstream are not established unambiguously. According to some authors, the main source of circulating nucleic acids in blood are the processes of apoptosis and necrosis, while others refer to the possible nucleic acid secretion by healthy and tumor cells. Circulating DNA were found to be stable in the blood for a long time, escaping from the action of DNA hydrolyzing enzymes and are apparently packed in different supramolecular complexes. This review presents the opinions of various authors and evidence in favor of all the theories describingappearance of extracellular DNA, the features of the circulation and structure of the extracellular DNA and factors affecting the time of DNA circulation in blood
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Affiliation(s)
- O.E. Bryzgunova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - P.P. Laktionov
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
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Li D, Bi FF, Cao JM, Cao C, Li CY, Liu B, Yang Q. Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 transcriptional regulation: a novel crosstalk between histone modification H3K9ac and ETS1 motif hypomethylation in BRCA1-mutated ovarian cancer. Oncotarget 2014; 5:291-7. [PMID: 24448423 PMCID: PMC3960209 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.1549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) plays a critical role in ovarian cancer progression. However, the epigenetic mechanism regulating PARP1 transcription remains largely unknown. Here, we show that the hypomethylated ETS1 motif is a key regulatory element for the PARP1 gene in BRCA1-mutated ovarian cancer. Mechanistically, the ETS1 motif hypomethylation-mediated increase of active histone marker H3K9ac and transcription factor ETS1 enrichment synergistically activates PARP1 transcription. Clinicopathological data indicate that a hypomethylated ETS1 motif was associated with high-grade tumors (P = 0.026) and pN1 (P = 0.002). Univariate survival analysis demonstrated an association between the hypomethylated ETS1 motif and an increased risk of death in BRCA1-mutated ovarian cancer patients. Our findings imply that the genetic (such as BRCA1 mutation) and epigenetic mechanisms (such as hypomethylated ETS1 motif, and histone modification H3K9ac and transcription factor ETS1 binding) are jointly involved in the malignant progression of PARP1-related ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Methylation of the BRCA1 promoter in peripheral blood DNA is associated with triple-negative and medullary breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2014; 148:615-22. [PMID: 25376744 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-014-3179-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
It has been proposed that methylation signatures in blood-derived DNA may correlate with cancer risk. In this study, we evaluated whether methylation of the promoter region of the BRCA1 gene detectable in DNA from peripheral blood cells is a risk factor for breast cancer, in particular for tumors with pathologic features characteristic for cancers with BRCA1 gene mutations. We conducted a case-control study of 66 breast cancer cases and 36 unaffected controls. Cases were triple-negative or of medullary histology, or both; 30 carried a constitutional BRCA1 mutation and 36 did not carry a mutation. Blood for DNA methylation analysis was taken within three months of diagnosis. Methylation of the promoter of the BRCA1 gene was measured in cases and controls using methylation-sensitive high-resolution melting (MS-HRM). A sample with any detectable level of methylation was considered to be positive. Methylation of the BRCA1 promoter was detected in 15 of 66 cases and in 2 of 36 controls (OR 5.0, p = 0.03). Methylation was present in 15 of 36 women with breast cancer and without germline BRCA1 mutation, but in none of 30 women with breast cancer and a germline mutation (p < 0.01). The association between methylation and breast cancer was restricted to women with no constitutional BRCA1 mutation (OR 12.1, p = 0.0006). Methylation of the promoter of the BRCA1 gene detectable in peripheral blood DNA may be a marker of increased susceptibility to triple-negative or medullary breast cancer.
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Yi C, Zhang L, Li L, Liu X, Ling S, Zhang F, Liang W. Establishment of an orthotopic transplantation tumor model in nude mice using a drug-resistant human ovarian cancer cell line with a high expression of c-Kit. Oncol Lett 2014; 8:2611-2615. [PMID: 25364436 PMCID: PMC4214472 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2014.2537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2013] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The resistance of ovarian cancer to platinum-based chemotherapy is a critical issue in the clinical setting. The present study aimed to establish animal models to replicate this clinical condition, as well as to investigate the resistance mechanisms of ovarian cancer. A cisplatin (DDP)-resistant human ovarian cancer cell line, SKOV3/DDP, was screened, validated and injected subcutaneously into the neck of female nude mice. Following tumor establishment, the tumor was collected and cut into small sections, which were subsequently implanted into the ovaries of other nude mice. The growth of the orthotopic tumors was observed and the tumor-bearing mice were sacrificed and dissected. The orthotopic and metastatic tumor tissues were collected, sectioned, stained with hematoxylin and eosin and analyzed. In the present study, 16 nude mice underwent orthotopic transplantation surgery and a tumor model was successfully established in 14/16 of the mice, with an in situ tumor formation rate of 87.5%. Following euthanasia, a laparotomy demonstrated the tumor formation at the site of transplantation, as well as varying degrees of metastasis to additional organs and tissues. Therefore, the present study successfully established an orthotopic tumor transplantation model in nude mice using a c-Kit-positive DDP-resistant human ovarian cancer cell line. This model may represent a useful tool for investigating the resistance mechanism of ovarian cancer, as well as evaluating the efficacy of therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cunjian Yi
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434000, P.R. China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434000, P.R. China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434000, P.R. China
| | - Xiangqiong Liu
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434000, P.R. China
| | - Shengrong Ling
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434000, P.R. China
| | - Fayun Zhang
- The Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, P.R. China
| | - Wei Liang
- The Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, P.R. China
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Bryzgunova OE, Laktionov PP. Generation of blood circulating DNAs: Sources, features of struction and circulation. BIOCHEMISTRY MOSCOW-SUPPLEMENT SERIES B-BIOMEDICAL CHEMISTRY 2014. [DOI: 10.1134/s1990750814030020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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18
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Hua KT, Wang MY, Chen MW, Wei LH, Chen CK, Ko CH, Jeng YM, Sung PL, Jan YH, Hsiao M, Kuo ML, Yen ML. The H3K9 methyltransferase G9a is a marker of aggressive ovarian cancer that promotes peritoneal metastasis. Mol Cancer 2014; 13:189. [PMID: 25115793 PMCID: PMC4260797 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-13-189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2014] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ovarian cancer (OCa) peritoneal metastasis is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in women with limited therapeutic options available for treating it and poor prognosis, as the underlying mechanism is not fully understood. METHOD The clinicopathological correlation of G9a expression was assessed in tumor specimens of ovarian cancer patients. Knockdown or overexpression of G9a in ovarian cancer cell lines was analysed with regard to its effect on adhesion, migration, invasion and anoikis-resistance. In vivo biological functions of G9a were tested by i.p. xenograft ovarian cancer models. Microarray and quantitative RT-PCR were used to analyze G9a-regulated downstream target genes. RESULTS We found that the expression of histone methyltransferase G9a was highly correlated with late stage, high grade, and serous-type OCa. Higher G9a expression predicted a shorter survival in ovarian cancer patients. Furthermore, G9a expression was higher in metastatic lesions compared with their corresponding ovarian primary tumors. Knockdown of G9a expression suppressed prometastatic cellular activities including adhesion, migration, invasion and anoikis-resistance of ovarian cancer cell lines, while G9a over-expression promoted these cellular properties. G9a depletion significantly attenuated the development of ascites and tumor nodules in a peritoneal dissemination model. Importantly, microarray and quantitative RT-PCR analysis revealed that G9a regulates a cohort of tumor suppressor genes including CDH1, DUSP5, SPRY4, and PPP1R15A in ovarian cancer. Expression of these genes was also inversely correlated with G9a expression in OCa specimens. CONCLUSION We propose that G9a contributes to multiple steps of ovarian cancer metastasis and represents a novel target to combat this deadly disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Min-Liang Kuo
- Graduate Institute of Toxicology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
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19
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Saldanha SN, Tollefsbol TO. Pathway modulations and epigenetic alterations in ovarian tumorbiogenesis. J Cell Physiol 2014; 229:393-406. [PMID: 24105793 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2013] [Accepted: 09/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Cellular pathways are numerous and are highly integrated in function in the control of cellular systems. They collectively regulate cell division, proliferation, survival and apoptosis of cells and mutagenesis of key genes that control these pathways can initiate neoplastic transformations. Understanding these pathways is crucial to future therapeutic and preventive strategies of the disease. Ovarian cancers are of three major types; epithelial, germ-cell, and stromal. However, ovarian cancers of epithelial origin, arising from the mesothelium, are the predominant form. Of the subtypes of ovarian cancer, the high-grade serous tumors are fatal, with low survival rate due to late detection and poor response to treatments. Close examination of preserved ovarian tissues and in vitro studies have provided insights into the mechanistic changes occurring in cells mediated by a few key genes. This review will focus on pathways and key genes of the pathways that are mutated or have aberrant functions in the pathology of ovarian cancer. Non-genetic mechanisms that are gaining prominence in the pathology of ovarian cancer, miRNAs and epigenetics, will also be discussed in the review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabita N Saldanha
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; Department of Biological Sciences, Alabama State University, Montgomery, Alabama
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20
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Paroli M, Bellati F, Videtta M, Focaccetti C, Mancone C, Donato T, Antonilli M, Perniola G, Accapezzato D, Napoletano C, Nuti M, Bartolazzi A, Panici PB, Tripodi M, Palombo F, Barnaba V. Discovery of chemotherapy-associated ovarian cancer antigens by interrogating memory T cells. Int J Cancer 2013; 134:1823-34. [PMID: 24150888 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.28515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Revised: 09/02/2013] [Accepted: 09/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
According to the immunogenic cell death hypothesis, clinical chemotherapy treatments may result in CD8(+) and CD4(+) T-cell responses against tumor cells. To discover chemotherapy-associated antigens (CAAs), T cells derived from ovarian cancer (OC) patients (who had been treated with appropriate chemotherapy protocols) were interrogated with proteins isolated from primary OC cells. We screened for immunogenicity using two-dimensional electrophoresis gel-eluted OC proteins. Only the selected immunogenic antigens were molecularly characterized by mass-spectrometry-based analysis. Memory T cells that recognized antigens associated with apoptotic (but not live) OC cells were correlated with prolonged survival in response to chemotherapy, supporting the model of chemotherapy-induced apoptosis as an adjuvant of anti-tumor immunity. The strength of both memory CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells producing either IFN-γ or IL-17 in response to apoptotic OC antigens was also significantly greater in Responders to chemotherapy than in nonresponders. Immunogenicity of some of these antigens was confirmed using recombinant proteins in an independent set of patients. The T-cell interrogation system represents a strategy of reverse tumor immunology that proposes to identify CAAs, which may then be validated as possible prognostic tumor biomarkers or cancer vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marino Paroli
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Biotecnologie Medico-Chirurgiche, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
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21
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Monteiro JB, Colón-Díaz M, García M, Gutierrez S, Colón M, Seto E, Laboy J, Flores I. Endometriosis is characterized by a distinct pattern of histone 3 and histone 4 lysine modifications. Reprod Sci 2013; 21:305-18. [PMID: 23899551 DOI: 10.1177/1933719113497267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The histone modification patterns in endometriosis have not been fully characterized. This gap in knowledge results in a poor understanding of the epigenetic mechanisms (and potential therapeutic targets) at play. We aimed to (1) assess global acetylation status of histone 3 (H3) and histone 4 (H4), (2) measure levels of H3 and H4 lysine (K) acetylation and methylation, and (3) to identify histone acetylation patterns in promoter regions of candidate genes in tissues from patients and controls. METHODS Global and K-specific acetylation/methylation levels of histones were measured in 24 lesions, 15 endometrium from patients, and 26 endometrium from controls. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP)-polymerase chain reaction was used to determine the histone acetylation status of the promoter regions of candidate genes in tissues. RESULTS The lesions were globally hypoacetylated at H3 (but not H4) compared to eutopic endometrium from controls. Lesions had significantly lower levels of H3K9ac and H4K16ac compared to eutopic endometrium from patients and controls. Tissues from patients were hypermethylated at H3K4, H3K9, and H3K27 compared to endometrium from controls. The ChIP analysis showed hypoacetylation of H3/H4 within promoter regions of candidate genes known to be downregulated in endometriosis (e.g., HOXA10, ESR1, CDH1, and p21 (WAF1/Cip1) ) in lesions versus control endometrium. The stereoidogenic factor 1 (SF1) promoter region was enriched for acetylated H3 and H4 in lesions versus control tissues, correlating with its reported high expression in lesions. CONCLUSIONS This study describes the histone code of lesions and endometrium from patients with endometriosis and provides support for a possible role of histone modification in modulation of gene expression in endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janice B Monteiro
- 1Department of Biochemistry, Ponce School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ponce, Puerto Rico
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22
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Longuespée R, Gagnon H, Boyon C, Strupat K, Dauly C, Kerdraon O, Ighodaro A, Desmons A, Dupuis J, Wisztorski M, Vinatier D, Fournier I, Day R, Salzet M. Proteomic analyses of serous and endometrioid epithelial ovarian cancers - Cases studies - Molecular insights of a possible histological etiology of serous ovarian cancer. Proteomics Clin Appl 2013; 7:337-54. [DOI: 10.1002/prca.201200079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2012] [Revised: 10/09/2012] [Accepted: 12/04/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rémi Longuespée
- Université Nord de France, LSMBFA, MALDI Imaging Team, EA 4550, Université de Lille 1, SIRIC ONCOLILLE, Cité Scientifique; Villeneuve D'Ascq; France
- Institut de pharmacologie de Sherbrooke et Département de chirurgie/urologie, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke; Sherbrooke Québec Canada
| | - Hugo Gagnon
- Université Nord de France, LSMBFA, MALDI Imaging Team, EA 4550, Université de Lille 1, SIRIC ONCOLILLE, Cité Scientifique; Villeneuve D'Ascq; France
- Institut de pharmacologie de Sherbrooke et Département de chirurgie/urologie, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke; Sherbrooke Québec Canada
| | - Charlotte Boyon
- Université Nord de France, LSMBFA, MALDI Imaging Team, EA 4550, Université de Lille 1, SIRIC ONCOLILLE, Cité Scientifique; Villeneuve D'Ascq; France
- Hôpital Jeanne de Flandre, service de Chirurgie Gynécologique, CHRU de Lille; France
| | | | - Claire Dauly
- Thermo Fisher Scientific (France), Silic; Courtaboeuf; France
| | - Olivier Kerdraon
- Laboratoire d'Anatomie et de Cytologie Pathologiques, CHRU de Lille; Lille France
| | - Adesuwa Ighodaro
- Université Nord de France, LSMBFA, MALDI Imaging Team, EA 4550, Université de Lille 1, SIRIC ONCOLILLE, Cité Scientifique; Villeneuve D'Ascq; France
- OWNIP fellow, SUNY College at Old Westbury; Old Westbury NY USA
| | - Annie Desmons
- Université Nord de France, LSMBFA, MALDI Imaging Team, EA 4550, Université de Lille 1, SIRIC ONCOLILLE, Cité Scientifique; Villeneuve D'Ascq; France
| | - Jocelyn Dupuis
- Thermo Fisher Scientific (France), Silic; Courtaboeuf; France
| | - Maxence Wisztorski
- Université Nord de France, LSMBFA, MALDI Imaging Team, EA 4550, Université de Lille 1, SIRIC ONCOLILLE, Cité Scientifique; Villeneuve D'Ascq; France
| | - Denis Vinatier
- Université Nord de France, LSMBFA, MALDI Imaging Team, EA 4550, Université de Lille 1, SIRIC ONCOLILLE, Cité Scientifique; Villeneuve D'Ascq; France
- Hôpital Jeanne de Flandre, service de Chirurgie Gynécologique, CHRU de Lille; France
| | - Isabelle Fournier
- Université Nord de France, LSMBFA, MALDI Imaging Team, EA 4550, Université de Lille 1, SIRIC ONCOLILLE, Cité Scientifique; Villeneuve D'Ascq; France
| | - Robert Day
- Institut de pharmacologie de Sherbrooke et Département de chirurgie/urologie, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke; Sherbrooke Québec Canada
| | - Michel Salzet
- Université Nord de France, LSMBFA, MALDI Imaging Team, EA 4550, Université de Lille 1, SIRIC ONCOLILLE, Cité Scientifique; Villeneuve D'Ascq; France
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23
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Liu N, Zhang R, Zhao X, Su J, Bian X, Ni J, Yue Y, Cai Y, Jin J. A potential diagnostic marker for ovarian cancer: Involvement of the histone acetyltransferase, human males absent on the first. Oncol Lett 2013; 6:393-400. [PMID: 24137335 PMCID: PMC3789056 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2013.1380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Accepted: 05/23/2013] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Human males absent on the first (hMOF), a human ortholog of the Drosophila MOF protein, is responsible for histone H4 lysine 16 (H4K16) acetylation in human cells. The depletion of hMOF leads to a global reduction in histone H4K16 acetylation in human cells, genomic instability, cell cycle defects, reduced transcription of certain genes, defective DNA damage repair and early embryonic lethality. Studies have shown that abnormal hMOF gene expression is involved in a number of primary cancers. The present study examined the involvement of hMOF expression and histone H4K16 acetylation in clinically diagnosed primary ovarian cancer tissues. Clinically diagnosed frozen primary ovarian cancer tissues were used for polymerase chain reaction (PCR), quantitative PCR (qPCR), western blotting and immunohistochemical staining approaches. A PCR analysis of mRNA expression in 47 samples revealed a downregulation of hMOF mRNA in 81% of patients, whereas only 13% of patients demonstrated upregulation. qPCR was used to validate the frequent downregulation of hMOF expression in the primary ovarian cancer tissues. As expected, the analysis of hMOF expression in 57 samples revealed that hMOF mRNA expression was significantly downregulated (>2-fold decrease) in 65% of patients, while a <2-fold reduction of hMOF was observed in 10.5% of patients. Furthermore, the expression of hMOF-regulated human leukocyte antigen (HLA) complex 5, (HCP5), was also found to be downregulated in >87% of patients with a decrease in hMOF. hMOF and its regulated gene, HCP5, are frequently downregulated in human ovarian cancer, suggesting that hMOF may be involved in the pathogenesis of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Liu
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, The First Clinical Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
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Chiang YC, Chang MC, Chen PJ, Wu MM, Hsieh CY, Cheng WF, Chen CA. Epigenetic silencing of BLU through interfering apoptosis results in chemoresistance and poor prognosis of ovarian serous carcinoma patients. Endocr Relat Cancer 2013; 20:213-27. [PMID: 23329649 DOI: 10.1530/erc-12-0117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian carcinoma is usually present at the advanced stage, during which the patients generally have poor prognosis. Our study aimed to evaluate the correlation of gene methylation and the clinical outcome of patients with advanced-stage, high-grade ovarian serous carcinoma. The methylation status of eight candidate genes was first evaluated by methylation-specific PCR and capillary electrophoresis to select three potential genes including DAPK, CDH1, and BLU (ZMYND10) from the exercise group of 40 patients. The methylation status of these three genes was further investigated in the validation group consisting of 136 patients. Patients with methylated BLU had significantly shorter progression-free survival (PFS; hazard ratio (HR) 1.48, 95% CI 1.01-2.56, P=0.013) and overall survival (OS; HR 1.83, 95% CI 1.07-3.11, P=0.027) in the multivariate analysis. Methylation of BLU was also an independent risk factor for 58 patients undergoing optimal debulking surgery for PFS (HR 2.37, 95% CI 1.03-5.42, P=0.043) and OS (HR 3.96, 95% CI 1.45-10.81, P=0.007) in the multivariate analysis. A possible mechanism of BLU in chemoresistance was investigated in ovarian cancer cell lines by in vitro apoptotic assays. In vitro studies have shown that BLU could upregulate the expression of BAX and enhance the effect of paclitaxel-induced apoptosis in ovarian cancer cells. Our study suggested that methylation of BLU could be a potential prognostic biomarker for advanced ovarian serous carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Cheng Chiang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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25
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Ivan C, Hu W, Bottsford-Miller J, Zand B, Dalton HJ, Liu T, Huang J, Nick AM, Lopez-Berestein G, Coleman RL, Baggerly KA, Sood AK. Epigenetic analysis of the Notch superfamily in high-grade serous ovarian cancer. Gynecol Oncol 2013; 128:506-11. [PMID: 23200915 PMCID: PMC3645276 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2012.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2012] [Revised: 11/13/2012] [Accepted: 11/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Gene methylation and other epigenetic modifications of gene regulation have been implicated in the growth of ovarian cancer, but the clinical significance of such modifications in the Notch pathway in high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGS-OvCa) is not well understood. We used The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data to study the clinical relevance of epigenetic modifications of Notch superfamily genes. METHODS We analyzed the interaction of DNA methylation and miRNAs with gene expression data for Notch superfamily members with the Spearman rank correlation test and explored potential relationships with overall survival (OS) with the log-rank test. We downloaded clinical data, level 3 gene expression data, and level 3 DNA methylation data for 480 patients with stage II-IV HGS-OvCa from the TCGA data portal. Patients were randomly divided into training and validation cohorts for survival analyses. In each set, patients were grouped into percentiles according to methylation and microRNA (miRNA) or messenger RNA (mRNA) levels. We used several algorithms to predict miRNA-mRNA interaction. RESULTS There were significant inverse relationships between methylation status and mRNA expression for PPARG, CCND1, and RUNX1. For each of these genes, patients with a lower methylation level and higher expression level had significantly poorer OS than did patients with a higher methylation level and lower expression level. We also found a significant inverse relationship between miRNAs and mRNA expression for CCND1, PPARG, and RUNX1. By further analyzing the effect of miRNAs on gene expression and OS, we found that patients with higher levels of CCND1, PPARG, and RUNX1 expression and lower expression levels of their respective miRNAs (502-5p, 128, and 215/625) had significantly poorer OS. CONCLUSIONS Epigenetic alterations of multiple Notch target genes and pathway interacting genes (PPARG, CCND1, and RUNX1) may relate to activation of this pathway and poor survival of patients with HGS-OvCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Ivan
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNA, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Wei Hu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Justin Bottsford-Miller
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Behrouz Zand
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Heather J. Dalton
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jie Huang
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Alpa M. Nick
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Gabriel Lopez-Berestein
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNA, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Robert L. Coleman
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Keith A. Baggerly
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Anil K. Sood
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNA, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Hansmann T, Pliushch G, Leubner M, Kroll P, Endt D, Gehrig A, Preisler-Adams S, Wieacker P, Haaf T. Constitutive promoter methylation of BRCA1 and RAD51C in patients with familial ovarian cancer and early-onset sporadic breast cancer. Hum Mol Genet 2012; 21:4669-79. [PMID: 22843497 PMCID: PMC3471399 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/dds308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic defects in breast cancer (BC) susceptibility genes, most importantly BRCA1 and BRCA2, account for ∼40% of hereditary BC and ovarian cancer (OC). Little is known about the contribution of constitutive (soma-wide) epimutations to the remaining cases. We developed bisulfite pyrosequencing assays to screen >600 affected BRCA1/BRCA2 mutation-negative patients from the German Consortium for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer for constitutive hypermethylation of ATM, BRCA1, BRCA2, RAD51C, PTEN and TP53 in blood cells. In a second step, patients with ≥6% promoter methylation were analyzed by bisulfite plasmid sequencing to demonstrate the presence of hypermethylated alleles (epimutations), indicative of epigenetic gene silencing. Altogether we identified nine (1.4%) patients with constitutive BRCA1 and three (0.5%) with RAD51C hypermethylation. Epimutations were found in both sporadic cases, in particular in 2 (5.5%) of 37 patients with early-onset BC, and familial cases, in particular 4 (10%) of 39 patients with OC. Hypermethylation was always confined to one of the two parental alleles in a subset (12–40%) of the analyzed cells. Because epimutations occurred in cell types from different embryonal layers, they most likely originated in single cells during early somatic development. We propose that analogous to germline genetic mutations constitutive epimutations may serve as the first hit of tumor development. Because the role of constitutive epimutations in cancer development is likely to be largely underestimated, future strategies for effective testing of susceptibility to BC and OC should include an epimutation screen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Hansmann
- Institute of Human Genetics, Julius Maximilians University, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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