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Wu HJ, Lau WL, Chan TYC, Chen SPL, Ko CH. Differentiating episodic ataxia type 2 from migraine: a case report. Hong Kong Med J 2020; 26:526-527. [PMID: 33350965 DOI: 10.12809/hkmj198306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- H J Wu
- Department of Paediatrics, Caritas Medical Centre, Hong Kong
| | - W L Lau
- Department of Paediatrics, Caritas Medical Centre, Hong Kong
| | - T Y C Chan
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Princess Margaret Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - S P L Chen
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Princess Margaret Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - C H Ko
- Department of Paediatrics, Caritas Medical Centre, Hong Kong
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2
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Liu Z, Ko CH, Ng CF, Wong HL, Zhang JF, Lam PK, Poon WS, Leung PC. Antioxidative effect of Gastrodiae Rhizoma-containing herbal formula in PC12 cell model: abridged secondary publication. Hong Kong Med J 2020; 26 Suppl 6:44-46. [PMID: 33229605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Z Liu
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong
| | - C H Ko
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong
| | - C F Ng
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong
| | - H L Wong
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong
| | - J F Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital
| | - P K Lam
- Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales, Hospital
| | - W S Poon
- Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales, Hospital
| | - P C Leung
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong
- Department of Orthopaedic and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Studies showed that use of anticonvulsants (antiepileptic drugs) might be associated with reduced bone mineral density. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of anticonvulsants on bone mineral density in non-ambulatory children with cerebral palsy. The secondary objective was to identify their risk factors for low bone mineral density. METHODS This case series with internal comparisons was conducted in a paediatric residential rehabilitation centre in Hong Kong. Overall, 32 patients were enrolled. The study group comprised 18 patients (6 males, 12 females) aged 5.0 to 19.5 years (mean ± standard deviation, 13.8 ± 4.7 years); all were prescribed anticonvulsant therapy for more than 2 years. The comparison group comprised 14 patients (6 males, 8 females) aged 7.0 to 19.1 years (mean, 16.4 ± 3.0 years) who were concomitant non-ambulatory residents with cerebral palsy and were not prescribed any anticonvulsant therapy prior to study recruitment. Patients underwent a physical examination, blood tests, nutritional assessment, and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scan of the total body less head. Z-scores were calculated. RESULTS There was no significant difference in Z-scores of total body less head between groups. Among children with low bone mineral density (Z-scores ≤-2.0) and normal bone mineral density, multivariate analysis revealed that higher weight-for-age Z-score (adjusted odds ratio=0.015) and presence of puberty (adjusted odds ratio=0.027) were independent factors for bone mineral density improvement. Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness of fit test (P=0.315) was not significant. Nagelkerke R(2) was 0.677, signifying a relatively well-fitting model. CONCLUSION There was no evidence that anticonvulsant therapy has any detrimental effect on bone mineral density in non-ambulatory children with cerebral palsy. A low weight-for-age Z-score was associated with low bone mineral density. Early nutritional intervention to optimise body weight may help to increase bone mineral density.
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Affiliation(s)
- S W Cheng
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Caritas Medical Centre, Shamshuipo, Hong Kong
| | - C H Ko
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Caritas Medical Centre, Shamshuipo, Hong Kong
| | - C Y Lee
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Caritas Medical Centre, Shamshuipo, Hong Kong
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Su JC, Tseng PH, Hsu CY, Tai WT, Huang JW, Ko CH, Lin MW, Liu CY, Chen KF, Shiau CW. RFX1-dependent activation of SHP-1 induces autophagy by a novel obatoclax derivative in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Oncotarget 2015; 5:4909-19. [PMID: 24952874 PMCID: PMC4148109 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Obatoclax is a small molecule which targets the Bcl-2 family, and is to treat leukemia, lymphoma and lung carcinoma. Previously, an obatoclax analogue, SC-2001, was found to disrupt the protein-protein interactions of the Bcl-2 family and also repress Bcl-XL and Mcl-1 expression via STAT3 inactivation. Here, we report a novel mechanism of autophagy induction by SC-2001 in liver cancer cells. The findings indicate that SC-2001 induced the autophagy marker LC3-II in four hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. Autophagosomes induced by SC-2001-treated cells were confirmed by electron microscopy. SC-2001 activated SHP-1, dephosphorylated STAT3 and Mcl-1, and subsequently released free beclin 1. Overexpression of STAT3 and Mcl-1 in PLC5 cells attenuated the induction of SC-2001 on autophagy. Abolishment of SHP-1 by a specific inhibitor aboragated the autophagic effects induced by SC-2001. In addition, it was further revealed that RFX-1, a transcription factor of SHP-1, is a critical regulator in SC-2001-mediated autophagy. Downregulation of RFX-1 by si-RNA protected cells from SC-2001-induced autophagy. Importantly, Huh7 tumor-bearing nude mice treated with SC-2001 showed downregulation of Mcl-1 and p-STAT3 protein expression and upregulation of SHP-1, LC3II, and RFX-1 protein expression. In summary, our data suggest that SC-2001 induces autophagic cell death in a RFX1/SHP-1/STAT3/Mcl-1 signaling cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Chen Su
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Kuen-Feng Chen
- Department of Medical Research, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; National Center of Excellence for Clinical Trial and Research, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Wai Shiau
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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5
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Liu HE, Ko CH, Lam F, Wu LSH, Lee KF. Establishment of a cost-effective method to detect FLT-ITD and D835 mutations in acute myeloid leukemia patients in the Taiwanese population. Tzu Chi Med J 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tcmj.2014.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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6
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Cheng SW, Ko CH, Yau SK, Mak C, Yuen YF, Lee CY. Novel use of idebenone in Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy in Hong Kong. Hong Kong Med J 2014; 20:451-4. [DOI: 10.12809/hkmj134085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Hua KT, Wang MY, Chen MW, Wei LH, Chen CK, Ko CH, Jeng YM, Sung PL, Jan YH, Hsiao M, Kuo ML, Yen ML. The H3K9 methyltransferase G9a is a marker of aggressive ovarian cancer that promotes peritoneal metastasis. Mol Cancer 2014; 13:189. [PMID: 25115793 PMCID: PMC4260797 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-13-189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2014] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ovarian cancer (OCa) peritoneal metastasis is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in women with limited therapeutic options available for treating it and poor prognosis, as the underlying mechanism is not fully understood. METHOD The clinicopathological correlation of G9a expression was assessed in tumor specimens of ovarian cancer patients. Knockdown or overexpression of G9a in ovarian cancer cell lines was analysed with regard to its effect on adhesion, migration, invasion and anoikis-resistance. In vivo biological functions of G9a were tested by i.p. xenograft ovarian cancer models. Microarray and quantitative RT-PCR were used to analyze G9a-regulated downstream target genes. RESULTS We found that the expression of histone methyltransferase G9a was highly correlated with late stage, high grade, and serous-type OCa. Higher G9a expression predicted a shorter survival in ovarian cancer patients. Furthermore, G9a expression was higher in metastatic lesions compared with their corresponding ovarian primary tumors. Knockdown of G9a expression suppressed prometastatic cellular activities including adhesion, migration, invasion and anoikis-resistance of ovarian cancer cell lines, while G9a over-expression promoted these cellular properties. G9a depletion significantly attenuated the development of ascites and tumor nodules in a peritoneal dissemination model. Importantly, microarray and quantitative RT-PCR analysis revealed that G9a regulates a cohort of tumor suppressor genes including CDH1, DUSP5, SPRY4, and PPP1R15A in ovarian cancer. Expression of these genes was also inversely correlated with G9a expression in OCa specimens. CONCLUSION We propose that G9a contributes to multiple steps of ovarian cancer metastasis and represents a novel target to combat this deadly disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Min-Liang Kuo
- Graduate Institute of Toxicology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Chien CC, Wu MS, Shen SC, Ko CH, Chen CH, Yang LL, Chen YC. Activation of JNK contributes to evodiamine-induced apoptosis and G2/M arrest in human colorectal carcinoma cells: a structure-activity study of evodiamine. PLoS One 2014; 9:e99729. [PMID: 24959718 PMCID: PMC4069003 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0099729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Accepted: 05/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Evodiamine (EVO; 8,13,13b,14-tetrahydro-14-methylindolo[2′3′-3,4]pyrido[2,1-b]quinazolin-5-[7H]-one derived from the traditional herbal medicine Evodia rutaecarpa was reported to possess anticancer activity; however, the anticancer mechanism is still unclear. In this study, we investigated the anticancer effects of EVO on human colon COLO205 and HT-29 cells and their potential mechanisms. MTT and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release assays showed that the viability of COLOL205 and HT-29 cells was inhibited by EVO at various concentrations in accordance with increases in the percentage of apoptotic cells and cleavage of caspase-3 and poly(ADP ribose) polymerase (PARP) proteins. Disruption of the mitochondrial membrane potential by EVO was accompanied by increased Bax, caspase-9 protein cleavage, and cytochrome (Cyt) c protein translocation in COLO205 and HT-29 cells. Application of the antioxidant N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) inhibited H2O2-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and apoptosis, but did not affect EVO-induced apoptosis of COLO205 or HT-29 cells. Significant increases in the G2/M ratio and cyclinB1/cdc25c protein expression by EVO were respectively identified in colon carcinoma cells via a flow cytometric analysis and Western blotting. Induction of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) protein phosphorylation was detected in EVO-treated cells, and the JNK inhibitor, SP600125, but not the ERK inhibitor, U0126, inhibited EVO-induced phosphorylated JNK protein expression, apoptosis, and G2/M arrest of colon carcinoma cells. Data of the structure-activity analysis showed that EVO-related chemicals containing an alkyl group at position 14 were able to induce apoptosis, G2/M arrest associated with increased DNA ladder formation, cleavage of caspase-3 and PARP, and elevated cycB1 and cdc25c protein expressions in COLO205 and HT-29 cells. Evidence supporting JNK activation leading to EVO-induced apoptosis and G2/M arrest in colon carcinoma cells is provided, and alkylation at position 14 of EVO is a critical substitution for treatment of colonic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Chiang Chien
- Department of Nephrology, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Food Nutrition, Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Shun Wu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shing-Chuan Shen
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Huai Ko
- Strategic Business and Innovation Technology Development Division, and Biomedical Technology and Device Research Labs, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hung Chen
- Strategic Business and Innovation Technology Development Division, and Biomedical Technology and Device Research Labs, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | | | - Yen-Chou Chen
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Cancer Research Center and Orthopedics Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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Lee LK, Cheung KM, Cheng WW, Ko CH, Lee HHC, Ching CK, Mak CM. A rare cause of severe diarrhoea diagnosed by urine metabolic screening: aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase deficiency. Hong Kong Med J 2014; 20:161-4. [DOI: 10.12809/hkmj133922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Chen HH, Lin MW, Tien WT, Lai CP, Weng KY, Ko CH, Lin CC, Chen JC, Tiao KT, Chen TC, Chen SC, Yeh TS, Cheng CF. High-purity separation of cancer cells by optically induced dielectrophoresis. J Biomed Opt 2014; 19:045002. [PMID: 24723112 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.19.4.045002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2013] [Accepted: 03/14/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Detecting and concentrating cancer cells in peripheral blood is of great importance for cancer diagnosis and prognosis. Optically induced dielectrophoresis (ODEP) can achieve high resolution and low optical intensities, and the electrode pattern can be dynamically changed by varied light patterns. By changing the projected light pattern, it is demonstrated to separate high-purity gastric cancer cell lines. Traditionally, the purity of cancer cell isolation by negative selection is 0.9% to 10%; by positive selection it is 50% to 62%. An ODEP technology is proposed to enhance the purity of cancer cell isolation to about 77%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiu-Hsiang Chen
- Industrial Technology Research Institute, P.O. Box 31054, Room 308, Building 78, 195, Section 4, Chung Hsing Road, Chutung, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Mai-Wei Lin
- Industrial Technology Research Institute, P.O. Box 31054, Room 308, Building 78, 195, Section 4, Chung Hsing Road, Chutung, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Ting Tien
- Industrial Technology Research Institute, P.O. Box 31054, Room 308, Building 78, 195, Section 4, Chung Hsing Road, Chutung, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Pen Lai
- Industrial Technology Research Institute, P.O. Box 31054, Room 308, Building 78, 195, Section 4, Chung Hsing Road, Chutung, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Yao Weng
- Industrial Technology Research Institute, P.O. Box 31054, Room 308, Building 78, 195, Section 4, Chung Hsing Road, Chutung, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Huai Ko
- Industrial Technology Research Institute, P.O. Box 31054, Room 308, Building 78, 195, Section 4, Chung Hsing Road, Chutung, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Chuan Lin
- Industrial Technology Research Institute, P.O. Box 31054, Room 308, Building 78, 195, Section 4, Chung Hsing Road, Chutung, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Jyh-Chern Chen
- Industrial Technology Research Institute, P.O. Box 31054, Room 308, Building 78, 195, Section 4, Chung Hsing Road, Chutung, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Tung Tiao
- Industrial Technology Research Institute, P.O. Box 31054, Room 308, Building 78, 195, Section 4, Chung Hsing Road, Chutung, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Tse-Ching Chen
- Chang Gung University, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, P.O. Box 33305, 259 Wen-Hwa 1st Road, Kwei-Shan Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Shin-Cheh Chen
- Chang Gung University, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, P.O. Box 33305, 259 Wen-Hwa 1st Road, Kwei-Shan Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Ta-Sen Yeh
- Chang Gung University, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, P.O. Box 33305, 259 Wen-Hwa 1st Road, Kwei-Shan Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Chieh-Fang Cheng
- Industrial Technology Research Institute, P.O. Box 31054, Room 308, Building 78, 195, Section 4, Chung Hsing Road, Chutung, Hsinchu, Taiwan
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Chen MH, Li WS, Lue YS, Chu CL, Pan IH, Ko CH, Chen DY, Lin CH, Lin SH, Chang CP, Lin CC. Clitocybe nuda Activates Dendritic Cells and Acts as a DNA Vaccine Adjuvant. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2013; 2013:761454. [PMID: 24058377 PMCID: PMC3766593 DOI: 10.1155/2013/761454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2013] [Revised: 05/25/2013] [Accepted: 06/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This work represents the first evaluation of the effects of water extract of C. nuda (WE-CN), an edible mushroom, on murine bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) and the potential pathway through which the effects are mediated. Our experimental results show that WE-CN could induce phenotypic maturation of DCs, as shown by the increased expression of MHC and costimulatory molecules. In addition, it also induced the proinflammatory cytokines expression on DCs and enhanced both the proliferation and IFN- γ secretion of allogenic T cells. Therefore, since WE-CN did not induce maturation of DCs generated from mice with mutated TLR-4 or TLR-2, suggesting that TLR4 and TLR2 might function as membrane receptors for WE-CN. Moreover, the mechanism of action of WE-CN may be mediated by increased phosphorylation of ERK, p38, and JNK mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and increased NF- κ B p65 activity, which are important signaling molecules downstream of TLR-4 and TLR-2. Finally, coimmunization of mice with WE-CN and a HER-2/neu DNA vaccine induced a HER-2/neu-specific Th1 response that resulted in significant inhibition of HER-2/neu overexpressing mouse bladder tumor (MBT-2) growth. These data suggest that WE-CN induces DC maturation through TLR-4 and/or TLR-2 and that WE-CN can be used as an adjuvant in cancer vaccine immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Hsing Chen
- Plant Pathology Division, Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute (TARI), Council of Agriculture (COA), Executive Yuan, Wufeng 413, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Sung Li
- Plant Pathology Division, Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute (TARI), Council of Agriculture (COA), Executive Yuan, Wufeng 413, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Sheng Lue
- Plant Pathology Division, Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute (TARI), Council of Agriculture (COA), Executive Yuan, Wufeng 413, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Liang Chu
- Graduate Institute of Immunology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - I-Hong Pan
- Biomedical Technology and Device Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Huai Ko
- Biomedical Technology and Device Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Der-Yuan Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Science, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 407, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Hsiung Lin
- Division of Chest Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Hao Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Science, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Division of Chest Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Peng Chang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Chen Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Science, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research and Education, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 407, Taiwan
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Ko CH, Cheng CF, Lai CP, Tzu TH, Chiu CW, Lin MW, Wu SY, Sun CY, Tseng HW, Wang CC, Kuo ZK, Wang LM, Chen SF. Differential proteomic analysis of cancer stem cell properties in hepatocellular carcinomas by isobaric tag labeling and mass spectrometry. J Proteome Res 2013; 12:3573-85. [PMID: 23782096 DOI: 10.1021/pr4004294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Malignant tumors are relatively resistant to treatment due to their heterogeneous nature, drug resistance, and tendency for metastasis. Recent studies suggest that a subpopulation of cancer cells is responsible for the malignant outcomes. These cells are considered as cancer stem cells (CSC). Although a number of molecules have been identified in different cancer cells as markers for cancer stem cells, no promising markers are currently available for hepatocellular carcinoma cells. In this study, two clones of Hep3B cell lines were functionally characterized as control or CSC-like cells, based on properties including spheroid formation, drug resistance, and tumor initiation. Furthermore, their protein expression profiles were investigated by isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ), and a total of 1,127 proteins were identified and quantified from the combined fractions; 50 proteins exhibited at least 2-fold differences between these two clones. These 50 proteins were analyzed by GeneGo and were found to be associated with liver neoplasms, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and liver diseases. They were also components of metabolic pathways, immune responses, and cytoskeleton remodeling. Among these proteins, the expressions of S100P, S100A14, and vimentin were verified in several HCC cell lines, and their expressions were correlated with tumorigenicity in HCC cell lines. The functional significance of vimentin and S100A14 were also investigated and verified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Huai Ko
- Strategic Business and Innovation Technology Development Division, Biomedical Technology and Device Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, 195 Sec.4 Chung Hsing Road, Chutung, 31040 Hsinchu, Taiwan
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Hsueh YS, Lin CL, Chiang NJ, Yen CC, Li CF, Shan YS, Ko CH, Shih NY, Wang LM, Chen TS, Chen LT. Selecting tyrosine kinase inhibitors for gastrointestinal stromal tumor with secondary KIT activation-loop domain mutations. PLoS One 2013; 8:e65762. [PMID: 23840364 PMCID: PMC3688691 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0065762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2012] [Accepted: 04/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST), a KIT oncogene-driven tumor, on imatinib mesylate (IM) treatment may develop secondary KIT mutations to confer IM-resistant phenotype. Second-line sunitinib malate (SU) therapy is largely ineffective for IM-resistant GISTs with secondary exon 17 (activation-loop domain) mutations. We established an in vitro cell-based platform consisting of a series of COS-1 cells expressing KIT cDNA constructs encoding common primary±secondary mutations observed in GISTs, to compare the activity of several commercially available tyrosine kinase inhibitors on inhibiting the phosphorylation of mutant KIT proteins at their clinically achievable plasma steady-state concentration (Css). The inhibitory efficacies on KIT exon 11/17 mutants were further validated by growth inhibition assay on GIST48 cells, and underlying molecular-structure mechanisms were investigated by molecular modeling. Our results showed that SU more effectively inhibited mutant KIT with secondary exon 13 or 14 mutations than those with secondary exon 17 mutations, as clinically indicated. On contrary, at individual Css, nilotinib and sorafenib more profoundly inhibited the phosphorylation of KIT with secondary exon 17 mutations and the growth of GIST48 cells than IM, SU, and dasatinib. Molecular modeling analysis showed fragment deletion of exon 11 and point mutation on exon 17 would lead to a shift of KIT conformational equilibrium toward active form, for which nilotinib and sorafenib bound more stably than IM and SU. In current preclinical study, nilotinib and sorafenib are more active in IM-resistant GISTs with secondary exon 17 mutation than SU that deserve further clinical investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Shuo Hsueh
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Lung Lin
- Biomedical Technology and Device Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Nai-Jung Chiang
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chueh-Chuan Yen
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Feng Li
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Pathology, Chi-Mei Foundation Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yan-Shen Shan
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Huai Ko
- Biomedical Technology and Device Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Neng-Yao Shih
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ling-Mei Wang
- Biomedical Technology and Device Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Shou Chen
- Biomedical Technology and Device Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (TSC); (LTC)
| | - Li-Tzong Chen
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cancer Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (TSC); (LTC)
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Chien CC, Ko CH, Shen SC, Yang LY, Chen YC. The role of COX-2/PGE2 in gossypol-induced apoptosis of colorectal carcinoma cells. J Cell Physiol 2012; 227:3128-37. [PMID: 22170686 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.23067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Our previous study showed that gossypol (GOS) exhibits potent cytotoxic effects via apoptosis induction against human colorectal carcinoma cells; however, the role of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2/prostaglandin (PG)E(2) on GOS-induced apoptosis is still unknown. In the present study, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) addition significantly inhibited GOS-induced apoptosis in human colorectal carcinoma HT-29 cells in accordance with inducing COX-2 protein/PGE(2) production. TPA inhibition of GOS-induced apoptosis was blocked by adding protein kinase (PK)C inhibitors including staurosporine (ST), GF109203X (GF), and H7, characterized by the occurrence of cleaved caspase 3 proteins and a decrease in COX-2 protein/PGE(2) production in HT-29 cells. The addition of COX activity inhibitors, including NS398 (NS), aspirin (AS), diclofenac (DI), and indomethacin (IN), suppressed TPA protection of GOS-induced apoptosis with decreased PGE(2) production in HT-29 cells. Application of PGE(2), but not it analogs PGD(2), PGJ(2), or PGF(2α), protected HT-29 cells from GOS-induced DNA ladders, and the E-prostanoid (EP(1)) receptor agonist, 17PT-PGE(2), mimicked the protection induced by PGE(2), whereas the selective EP(2) receptor agonist, butaprostol (BUT), the EP(3) receptor agonist, sulprostol (SUL), and the EP(4) receptor agonist, PGE(1) alcohol (PGE(1)), showed no significant effects on GOS-induced apoptosis in HT-29 cells. PGE(2) 's protection against GOS-induced apoptosis was reversed by adding the selective EP(1) receptor antagonist, SC-19220. Furthermore, GOS had an effective apoptotic effect on COLO205 colorectal carcinoma cells which expressed undetectable level of endogenous COX-2 protein than HT-29 cells, and the decreased COX-2 protein level via COX-2 siRNA or addition of COX-2 activity inhibitor NS significantly elevated GOS-induced cell death in HT-29 cells. COLO205-T cells were established through sustained TPA incubation of COLO205 cells, and COLO205-T cells showed a lower sensitivity to GOS-induced cell death with increased COX-2 (not Bcl-2 and Mcl-1) protein than parental COLO-205 cells. A decrease in COX-2 protein expression in COLO205-T cells by COX-2 siRNA transfection or enhanced GOS-induced cell death according to MTT assay and DNA integrity assay. The notion of COX-2/PGE(2) activation against GOS-induced apoptosis in colon carcinoma cells was demonstrated, and the combination of GOS and COX-2 inhibitors to treat colon carcinoma possesses clinical potential worthy of further investigation.
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Ko CH, Ting-Shou C, Mei-Wei L, Chin-Pen L, Wen-Hsun K, Chrong-Shiong H, Ling-Mei W, SC TJ. Abstract B26: Drug-Diagnostic co-development to target FLT3-ITD mutations in chemo-resistant acute myeloid leukemia cells. Clin Cancer Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.mechres-b26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
FMS-like tyrosine kinase-3 (FLT3) overexpression is the common phenomenon in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). There are two major types of FLT3 mutations: internal tandem duplication (ITD) and the activation-loop point mutation at 835th amino residue. Although these FLT3/ITD and the 835th point mutation only account for only 20–25% and 5–10% in AML patients, they have worse prognosis and are often resistant to conventional chemotherapy. Several drugs including CEP-701, MLN-518, and PKC-412 have been developed to target FLT3 tyrosine kinase activity in AML and have been evaluated in clinical trials and showed different efficacy towards these mutations. Therefore, identification of these mutations at the time of diagnosis during drug development, in the case of our drug candidate, BELK01260, will provide a better prognostic prediction, might guide the treatment selection and follow-up strategies. In the study, we developed a sensitive molecular assay with our drug candidate well-suited for this therapeutic need to detect FLT3 mutations and proposed to be used for future clinical application. 100 AML samples with at least 20 samples with known FLT3 mutations are collected and evaluated. The standardize procedure has met the requirement of clinical pathology laboratory with reasonable cost, and both the sensitivity and specificity of this technology achieve 99.9% compared with commonly used methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Huai Ko
- Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chen Ting-Shou
- Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Lin Mei-Wei
- Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Lai Chin-Pen
- Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Kuo Wen-Hsun
- Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | | | - Wang Ling-Mei
- Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Tsai Jane SC
- Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
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Tai WT, Cheng AL, Shiau CW, Liu CY, Ko CH, Lin MW, Chen PJ, Chen KF. Dovitinib induces apoptosis and overcomes sorafenib resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma through SHP-1-mediated inhibition of STAT3. Mol Cancer Ther 2011; 11:452-63. [PMID: 22180308 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-11-0412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The multiple kinase inhibitor dovitinib is currently under clinical investigation for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Here, we investigated the mechanistic basis for the effects of dovitinib in HCCs. Dovitinib showed significant antitumor activity in HCC cell lines PLC5, Hep3B, Sk-Hep1, and Huh-7. Dovitinib downregulated phospho-STAT3 (p-STAT3) at tyrosine 705 and subsequently reduced the levels of expression of STAT3-related proteins Mcl-1, survivin, and cyclin D1 in a time-dependent manner. Ectopic expression of STAT3 abolished the apoptotic effect of dovitinib, indicating that STAT3 is indispensable in mediating the effect of dovitinib in HCC. SHP-1 inhibitor reversed downregulation of p-STAT3 and apoptosis induced by dovitinib, and silencing of SHP-1 by RNA interference abolished the effects of dovitinib on p-STAT3, indicating that SHP-1, a protein tyrosine phosphatase, mediates the effects of dovitinib. Notably, dovitinib increased SHP-1 activity in HCC cells. Incubation of dovitinib with pure SHP-1 protein enhanced its phosphatase activity, indicating that dovitinib upregulates the activity of SHP-1 via direct interactions. In addition, dovitinib induced apoptosis in two sorafenib-resistant cell lines through inhibition of STAT3, and sorafenib-resistant cells showed significant activation of STAT3, suggesting that targeting STAT3 may be a useful approach to overcome drug resistance in HCC. Finally, in vivo, dovitinib significantly suppressed growth of both Huh-7 and PLC5 xenograft tumors and downregulated p-STAT3 by increasing SHP-1 activity. In conclusion, dovitinib induces significant apoptosis in HCC cells and sorafenib-resistant cells via SHP-1-mediated inhibition of STAT3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Tien Tai
- Department of Medical Research, National Taiwan University Hospital, Chung-Shan S Rd, Taipei 100, Taiwan
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Ko CH, Yen JY, Yen CF, Chen CS, Chen CC. The association between Internet addiction and psychiatric disorder: a review of the literature. Eur Psychiatry 2011; 27:1-8. [PMID: 22153731 DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2010.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 419] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2010] [Revised: 04/24/2010] [Accepted: 04/25/2010] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Internet addiction is a newly emergent disorder. It has been found to be associated with a variety of psychiatric disorders. Information about such coexisting psychiatric disorders is essential to understand the mechanism of Internet addiction. In this review, we have recruited articles mentioning coexisting psychiatric disorders of Internet addiction from the PubMed database as at November 3, 2009. We describe the updated results for such disorders of Internet addiction, which include substance use disorder, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, depression, hostility, and social anxiety disorder. We also provide discussion for possible mechanisms accounting for the coexistence of psychiatric disorders and Internet addiction. The review might suggest that combined psychiatric disorders mentioned above should be evaluated and treated to prevent their deteriorating effect on the prognosis of Internet addiction. On the other hand, Internet addiction should be paid more attention to when treating people with these coexisting psychiatric disorders of Internet addiction. Additionally, we also suggest future necessary research directions that could provide further important information for the understanding of this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- C H Ko
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Municipal Hsiao-Kang Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Huang CC, Chang SJ, Kuo CH, Ko CH, Wann CH, Cheng YC, Lin WJ. GaN epitaxial layers prepared on nano-patterned Si(001) substrate. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2011; 11:1248-1251. [PMID: 21456167 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2011.3075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We report the growth of GaN epitaxial layer on Si(001) substrate with nano-patterns prepared by dry etching facility used in integrated circuit (IC) industry. It was found that the GaN epitaxial layer prepared on nano-patterned Si(001) substrate exhibits both cubic and hexagonal phases. It was also found that threading dislocation observed from GaN prepared on nano-patterned Si(001) substrate was significantly smaller than that prepared on conventional unpatterned Si(111) substrate. Furthermore, it was found that we can reduce the tensile stress in GaN epitaxial layer by about 78% using the nano-patterned Si(001) substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- C C Huang
- Institute of Microelectronics and Department of Electrical Engineering, Center for Micro/Nano Science and Technology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
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Lin CW, Shen SC, Ko CH, Lin HY, Chen YC. Reciprocal activation of macrophages and breast carcinoma cells by nitric oxide and colony-stimulating factor-1. Carcinogenesis 2010; 31:2039-48. [PMID: 20876703 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgq172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Induction of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) gene expression, nitric oxide (NO) production and migration of RAW264.7 macrophages by coculture with breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells or the addition of conditioned medium derived from MDA-MB-231 cells (MDA-CM) was identified. Increased iNOS/NO induction and migration of macrophages by MDA-CM were significantly blocked by adding the c-Jun-N-terminal protein kinase (JNK) inhibitor, SP600125, the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) inhibitor, BAY117082 and pyrrolidine dithiocarbamic acid and a dominant-negative JNK. The addition of an NO donor, Diethylenetriamine-NONOate, significantly activated expressions of MMP-9 and VEGF-A genes in breast carcinoma MDA-MD-231 cells and invasion of MDA-MB-231 cells in coculture with RAW264.7 macrophages as determined using Transwell systems, but that was inhibited by adding SP600125, BAY117082 and the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester. Induction of heme oxygenase-1 in macrophages reduced MDA-CM-induced iNOS/NO, JNK and NF-κB activations in accordance with inhibiting VEGF-A and MMP-9 gene expressions by MDA-MB-231 cells via Transwell assays. Furthermore, VEGF, sRANKL, TNF-α, IL-1α, TGF-β, CSF-1 and MCP-1 were applied, and CSF-1 showed the most potent stimulation of iNOS/NO production and migration of macrophages. MCF-7 cells with lower CSF-1 expression than MDA-MB-231 cells showed a poor stimulatory effect on iNOS/NO production and migration of macrophages. Neutralization of CSF-1 in MDA-CM using CSF-1 antibody inhibited MDA-CM-induced iNOS protein expression and migration of macrophages, and CSF-1-induced iNOS protein and migration was blocked by adding JNK inhibitor SP and NF-κB inhibitor BAY. The reciprocal activation of breast cancer and macrophages via NO-CSF-1 is first elucidated herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Wei Lin
- Graduate Institute of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
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Liu CP, Liu HE, Lee O, Chen CH, Huang JW, Chen TS, Ko CH, Wang LM, Chen YC, Tseng HW, Shih YC, Chiou SJ, Tsai YJ, Hwang CS. Abstract LB-160: ITRI-260, a promising candidate for treatment of acute myeloid leukemia. Cancer Res 2010. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am10-lb-160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a highly malignant hematopoietic tumor characterized by an abnormal proliferation of myeloid progenitor cells, decreased rate of self-destruction and an arrest in cell differentiation. The internal tandem duplication mutations of FMS-like tyrosine kinase-3 (FLT3/ITD mutations) are common in AML and linked to poor prognosis. ITRI-260 generated from designed by computer-assisted rationale drug design and in silico prioritized approaches, was proved to be a potent cell growth inhibitor against FLT3/ITD mutated AML cells through FLT3 and c-Kit inhibition. The in vivo efficacy of ITRI-260 via oral route was demonstrated in MV4-11 xenograft mice model. Besides, two more orthotopic murine models were used to assess the in vivo therapeutic efficacy of ITRI-260. The first one is MV4-11 cell orthotopically engraft into NOD/SCID mice bone marrow and the second one is primary AML cells from AML patient engraft into NOD/SCID mice bone marrow. The results show that ITII-260 can decrease FLT3/ITD mutant leukemia blasts in peripheral blood and bone marrow in both animal models. Finally, ITRI-260 prolongs the survival in both bone marrow engraft mice models. These findings strongly suggest clinical benefits of ITRI-260 in patients with FLT3/ITD AML. Currently we are planning the bridged projects to push ITRI-260 toward IND status.
Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-160.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Peng Liu
- 1Industrial Technology Research Institute, HsinChu, Taiwan
| | - Hsingjin Eugene Liu
- 2Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital-Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - On Lee
- 1Industrial Technology Research Institute, HsinChu, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hung Chen
- 1Industrial Technology Research Institute, HsinChu, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Wen Huang
- 1Industrial Technology Research Institute, HsinChu, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Shou Chen
- 1Industrial Technology Research Institute, HsinChu, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Huai Ko
- 1Industrial Technology Research Institute, HsinChu, Taiwan
| | - Ling-Mei Wang
- 1Industrial Technology Research Institute, HsinChu, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Chun Chen
- 1Industrial Technology Research Institute, HsinChu, Taiwan
| | | | - Ying-Chu Shih
- 1Industrial Technology Research Institute, HsinChu, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Jiau Chiou
- 1Industrial Technology Research Institute, HsinChu, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Jang Tsai
- 1Industrial Technology Research Institute, HsinChu, Taiwan
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Huang JW, Ko CH, Chen TS, Lee O, Tseng HW, Tsai YJ, Liu CP, Chen YC, Wang LM, Hwang CS. Abstract 728: Development of pharmacophore-based RET inhibitors for thyroid cancer therapy. Cancer Res 2010. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am10-728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The new therapeutic option is pivotal due to the restricted efficacy of current treatments (surgery, radioactive iodine treatment, and chemotherapy) in progressive thyroid carcinomas. Gain-of-function mutations of the receptor tyrosine kinase RET have been identified as driving oncogenic events in subsets of papillary and medullary thyroid cancers (PTC and MTC), but targeted therapy for RET-driven cancers is currently clinically unavailable. Some mulit-kinase inhibitors, such as sunitinib and vandetanib, which have shown efficacy against other neoplastic diseases, are being evaluated in clinical trials for thyroid cancer therapy. However, the anti-VEGFR activities of these mulit-kinase inhibitors have been considered to lead cardiotoxicity in some patients. Moreover, Ret mutation-associated resistance have been reported by some RET inhibitors in preclinical data. The “in silico model” was applied to design the specific RET target compounds through mapping the pharmacophore of RET ATP-binding pocket. Some novel scaffold compounds which fit the pharmacophore model were selected form ITRI library, and their anti-RET activities were evaluated by kinase assay. The in vitro anti-cell proliferation activities of the compounds to the TT cells (MTC specific cells) were demonstrated by MTT assay. From the screening of ITRI library, ITRI-305 showed the impressive anti-RET (IC50 ∼ 90 nM) and anti-cell proliferation (IC50 at low micro molar) activities and the activities are compatible to those of sunitinib and vandetanib. ITRI-305 also shows good solubility and favorable oral PK profiles. The xenograft study of TT cells with ITRI-305 is proceeding. In conclusion, a novel scaffold RET inhibitor, ITRI-305, with less potent VEGFR activity (anti-VEFGR IC50 ∼ 1 μM) is developed to overcome the cardiotoxicity and resistance problems which is caused by conventional RET inhibitors.
Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 728.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jui-wen Huang
- 1Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Huai Ko
- 1Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Shou Chen
- 1Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - On Lee
- 1Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | | | - Yuan-Jang Tsai
- 1Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Peng Liu
- 1Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Chun Chen
- 1Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Ling-Mei Wang
- 1Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
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Ko CH, Tseng HW, Chen TS, Wang WH, Lin MW, Lai CP, Wang CC, Sun CY, Tseng SH, Li JM, Chou TY, Wang LM. Abstract 3356: A controversial study on well reported liver cancer stem cell marker. Cancer Res 2010. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am10-3356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Recent studies suggest that the presence of cancer stem cells (CSC) could be linked with patients’ survival. The ability of cancers to grow indefinitely has fueled the idea that cancer and stem cells may have common underlying mechanisms. It has been suggested that tumors are initiated from cancer stem cells (CSCs) with proliferation potential drives the growth of cancer. CSCs are resistant to chemotherapy and radiation. However, the suggested cancer stem cell markers in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells are variable and confused. In this study, we profiled some of the most reported CSC markers, including CD133, epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM), aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), CD90, CD24, c-kit, global-H and stemness genes in eight human hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines. Through specific marker expressed cell sorting by FACs aria or magnetic beads, the CSC associated drug resistance and tumorigenicity were further evaluated. However, there is no obvious difference among parental group, marker-positive group and marker-negative group in these CSC characteristics evaluated. It seems no good correlation between reported markers in liver cancer stem cells. Therefore, presence of markers alone should be taken with caution as single prognostic parameters. Through harsh culture condition, spheroid cell grew and had been isolated, which perform CSC-like properties. Moreover, forced activation of an ESC-like gene expression program can reprogram HCC cells into CSC-like cells and achieve pathologic self-renewal. The ability to create induced cancer stem cells (iCSC) may provide opportunities to better define the biology of cancer stem cells in order to trace or eliminate them in human patients.
Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3356.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Huai Ko
- 1Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | | | - Ting-Shou Chen
- 1Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Hsin Wang
- 1Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Mai-Wei Lin
- 1Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Pen Lai
- 1Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | | | - Chung-Yuan Sun
- 1Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | | | - Jen-Ming Li
- 1Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Yu Chou
- 1Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Ling-Mei Wang
- 1Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
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Mak CM, Lam CW, Siu TS, Chan KY, Siu WK, Yeung WL, Hui J, Wong VCN, Low LCK, Ko CH, Fung CW, Chen SP, Yuen YP, Lee HC, Yau E, Chan B, Tong SF, Tam S, Chan YW. Biochemical and molecular characterization of tyrosine hydroxylase deficiency in Hong Kong Chinese. Mol Genet Metab 2010; 99:431-3. [PMID: 20056467 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2009.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2009] [Revised: 12/15/2009] [Accepted: 12/15/2009] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Tyrosine hydroxylase deficiency is a rare neurotransmitter disorder affecting the rate-limiting step in catecholamine biosynthesis. There are about 40 cases reported worldwide. Here, we report the biochemical and molecular findings of eight unrelated Chinese patients with tyrosine hydroxylase deficiency. We have identified eight novel mutations with 5 missense, 2 nonsense and 1 splicing mutations in the TH gene, namely p.R153X, p.R169X, p.G294R, p.G315S, p.A385V, p.I394T, p.G408R, and c.1163+5G>C. The mutations of the TH gene in Chinese are heterogeneous.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Mak
- Department of Pathology, Princess Margaret Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Cheung KM, Yeung YW, Chan YK, Ko CH. Comparison of oesophagogastroduodenoscopy findings and diagnostic value in neurologically impaired children and 'normal' children. Hong Kong Med J 2008; 14:465-468. [PMID: 19060346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To review the oesophagogastroduodenoscopy findings in children with severe neurological impairment and 'normal' children, over a 7-year period from 2000 to 2007. DESIGN Retrospective study. SETTING Paediatric Unit of Caritas Medical Centre, Hong Kong. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The frequencies of Helicobacter pylori status, peptic ulceration, and oesophagitis were compared. The diagnostic value of oesophagogastroduodenoscopy in these two groups of children was also examined. PATIENTS Patient data were retrieved from the Hospital Authority Clinical Management system, excluding those under surgical care. The children were divided into two groups: 'normal' and neurologically impaired. Their demographic data, indications for oesophagogastroduodenoscopy, endoscopy diagnoses, and Helicobacter pylori status were compared, as was the diagnostic value of oesophagogastroduodenoscopy. RESULTS From 2000 to 2007, 223 oesophagogastroduodenoscopies were performed in 176 patients aged 3 to 22 years; 134 were performed in 'normal' children (median age, 14; range, 3-22 years) and 89 in neurologically impaired children (median age, 12; range, 3-20 years). The three most common indications in 'normal' children were: epigastric pain (60%), gastro-intestinal bleeding (13%), and vomiting (7%). In neurologically impaired children, they were gastro-intestinal bleeding (51%), assessment for percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (27%), and follow-up for previous lesions (9%). Among 'normal' children, 14 had duodenal ulcers (associated with Helicobacter pylori in 13), but no patients had gastric ulcers or oesophagitis. Among neurologically impaired children, one had a Helicobacter pylori-negative duodenal ulcer, and four had gastric ulcers (three were Helicobacter pylori-positive). Twenty-four neurologically impaired children had oesophagitis. Neurologically impaired children had significantly more oesophagitis and gastric ulcers (P<0.001 and P=0.004, respectively) but less duodenal ulcers (P=0.024). In 111 children who had gastric biopsies, the Helicobacter pylori infection rate was 35% (31% in 'normal' children and 43% in the neurologically impaired). The diagnostic value was 37% in 'normal' children and 81% in the neurologically impaired (P<0.001). The overall diagnostic value of oesophagogastroduodenoscopy was 50%. CONCLUSION The clinical presentation and endoscopic findings in 'normal' and neurologically impaired children were discrepant. Oesophagogastroduodenoscopy appeared to confer greater diagnostic value in neurologically impaired than 'normal' children. Diagnostic values in our unit were comparable to reports from western studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Cheung
- Department of Paediatrics, Caritas Medical Centre, Shamshuipo, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
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Ko CH, Shen SC, Yang LY, Lin CW, Chen YC. Gossypol reduction of tumor growth through ROS-dependent mitochondria pathway in human colorectal carcinoma cells. Int J Cancer 2007; 121:1670-9. [PMID: 17597109 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.22910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Among 13 different cell lines, gossypol (GOS) showed the most potent cytotoxic effect against human colorectal carcinoma cells including HT29, COLO205, COLO320HSR and COLO320DM cells according to an MTT assay. The cytotoxic effect of GOS was mediated by its induction of apoptosis as characterized by the occurrence of DNA ladders, apoptotic bodies and chromosome condensation in both COLO205 and HT29 cells. Activation of caspase 3, 6, 8 and 9, but not caspase 1, accompanied by the appearance of cleaved fragments of PARP (85 kDa), and caspase 3 (p17/p15), was identified in GOS-treated cells. Decreases in Bcl-xL and phosphorylated Bad proteins were found in GOS-treated cells. GOS induction of ROS production was detected by in vitro plasmid digestion, and an increase in the intracellular peroxide level was observed in GOS-treated COLO205 cells by the DCHF-DA assay. Antioxidants including N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), catalase (CAT), tempol (TEM) and melatonin (MEL), but not allopurinol (ALL), pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) or diphenylene iodonium (DPI), significantly inhibited GOS-induced Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production through blocking the occurrence of apoptosis. GOS induced mitochondrial dysfunction characterized by a loss of the mitochondria membrane potential via DiOC6 staining, and the release of cytochrome c (Cyt c) and apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) from mitochondria to the cytoplasm was observed. Removing mitochondria by ethidium bromide (EtBr) treatment significantly reduced the apoptotic effect of GOS in COLO205 cells. Furthermore, an intraperitoneal injection of GOS or gossypol acetic acid (GAA) significantly reduced the growth of colorectal carcinoma induced by a subcutaneous injection of COLO205 cells in nude mice. Results of the present study provide the first evidences demonstrating the in vitro and in vivo antitumor effects of GOS via an ROS-dependent mitochondrial apoptosis in colorectal carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Huai Ko
- Graduate Institute of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Ko CH, Tse PWT, Chan AKH. Risk factors of long bone fracture in non-ambulatory cerebral palsy children. Hong Kong Med J 2006; 12:426-31. [PMID: 17148794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To identify the risk factors for long bone fractures in non-ambulatory cerebral palsy children. DESIGN. Case-control study. SETTING A residential rehabilitation centre in Hong Kong. PATIENTS The fracture group comprised 19 (13 male, 6 female) cerebral palsy children aged 4 years 5 months to 18 years 11 months (mean, 10 years; standard deviation, 3 years 9 months), who had their first long bone fracture during the period June 1992 to May 2001 inclusive. The control group was composed of 90 (46 male, 44 female) concomitant cerebral palsy residents aged 6 years 1 month to 16 years 11 months (mean, 9 years 11 months; standard deviation, 2 years 4 months) with no history of long bone fracture. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Presence of features considered relevant to the risk of fracture, namely: anthropometry, feeding practice, orthopaedic surgery and duration of postoperative immobilisation, extremity contracture, anti-epileptic medications, and general health status in the 12 months prior to the fracture. RESULTS Of the 19 fracture episodes, 18 occurred in the femur and one in the tibia/fibula. Multivariate analysis revealed that weight for age Z scores (adjusted odds ratio=0.41, 95% confidence interval, 0.19-0.86) and recent postoperative immobilisation (weeks) [adjusted odds ratio=1.35, 95% confidence interval, 0.97-1.89] were independent predictors for fracture occurrence. CONCLUSION Early intervention targeting these risk factors may reduce the fracture risk in non-ambulatory cerebral palsy children.
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Affiliation(s)
- C H Ko
- Developmental Disabilities Unit, Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Caritas Medical Centre, 111 Wing Hong Street, Shamshuipo, Hong Kong.
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Ko CH, Shen SC, Lee TJF, Chen YC. Myricetin inhibits matrix metalloproteinase 2 protein expression and enzyme activity in colorectal carcinoma cells. Mol Cancer Ther 2005; 4:281-90. [PMID: 15713899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal carcinoma is a leading cause of human mortality due to its high metastatic ability. Because the activation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) is a key factor in the metastatic process, agents with the ability to inhibit MMP activity have potential in the treatment of colorectal carcinoma. In the present study, among 36 flavonoids examined, myricetin was found to be the most potent inhibitor of MMP-2 enzyme activity in COLO 205 cells (IC50 = 7.82 micromol/L). Myricetin inhibition of MMP-2 enzyme activity was also found in the human colorectal carcinoma cell lines COLO 320HSR, COLO 320DM, HT 29, and COLO 205-X (IC50 = 11.18, 11.56, 13.25, and 23.51 micromol/L, respectively). In contrast, no inhibitory effect of MMP-2 protein expression or enzyme activity was observed in myricitrin (myricetin-3-rhamnoside)-treated cells. In 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-stimulated COLO 205 cells, an increase in MMP-2 protein expression and enzyme activity, as well as of protein kinase C (PKC) alpha protein translocation, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 protein phosphorylation, and c-Jun protein expression was observed. ERK inhibitor (PD98059) and PKC inhibitors (GF-109203X and H-7), but not p38 inhibitor (SB203580) or c-jun-NH2-kinase inhibitor (SP600125), significantly inhibited TPA-induced MMP-2 protein expression, with reduced ERK phosphorylation and c-Jun protein expression. Addition of myricetin but not myricitrin suppressed TPA-induced MMP-2 protein expression in COLO 205 cells by blocking the TPA-induced events, including translocation of PKCalpha from cytosol to membrane, phosphorylation of ERK1/2 protein, and induction of c-Jun protein expression. Addition of PD98059 or GF-109203X significantly enhanced the inhibitory effect of myricetin on MMP-2 enzyme activity induced by TPA. Furthermore, myricetin, but not myricitrin, suppressed TPA-induced invasion of COLO 205 cells in an in vitro invasion assay using Engelbreth-Holm-Swarm sarcoma tumor extract Matrigel-coated Transwells. Results of the present study indicate that myricetin significantly blocked both endogenous and TPA-induced MMP-2 enzyme activity by inhibiting its protein expression and enzyme activity. The blockade involved suppression of PKC translocation, ERK phosphorylation, and c-Jun protein expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Huai Ko
- Graduate Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei, Taiwan
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Ko CH, Shen SC, Lee TJ, Chen YC. Myricetin inhibits matrix metalloproteinase 2 protein expression and enzyme activity in colorectal carcinoma cells. Mol Cancer Ther 2005. [DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.281.4.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Colorectal carcinoma is a leading cause of human mortality due to its high metastatic ability. Because the activation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) is a key factor in the metastatic process, agents with the ability to inhibit MMP activity have potential in the treatment of colorectal carcinoma. In the present study, among 36 flavonoids examined, myricetin was found to be the most potent inhibitor of MMP-2 enzyme activity in COLO 205 cells (IC50 = 7.82 μmol/L). Myricetin inhibition of MMP-2 enzyme activity was also found in the human colorectal carcinoma cell lines COLO 320HSR, COLO 320DM, HT 29, and COLO 205-X (IC50 = 11.18, 11.56, 13.25, and 23.51 μmol/L, respectively). In contrast, no inhibitory effect of MMP-2 protein expression or enzyme activity was observed in myricitrin (myricetin-3-rhamnoside)-treated cells. In 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-stimulated COLO 205 cells, an increase in MMP-2 protein expression and enzyme activity, as well as of protein kinase C (PKC) α protein translocation, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 protein phosphorylation, and c-Jun protein expression was observed. ERK inhibitor (PD98059) and PKC inhibitors (GF-109203X and H-7), but not p38 inhibitor (SB203580) or c-jun-NH2-kinase inhibitor (SP600125), significantly inhibited TPA-induced MMP-2 protein expression, with reduced ERK phosphorylation and c-Jun protein expression. Addition of myricetin but not myricitrin suppressed TPA-induced MMP-2 protein expression in COLO 205 cells by blocking the TPA-induced events, including translocation of PKCα from cytosol to membrane, phosphorylation of ERK1/2 protein, and induction of c-Jun protein expression. Addition of PD98059 or GF-109203X significantly enhanced the inhibitory effect of myricetin on MMP-2 enzyme activity induced by TPA. Furthermore, myricetin, but not myricitrin, suppressed TPA-induced invasion of COLO 205 cells in an in vitro invasion assay using Engelbreth-Holm-Swarm sarcoma tumor extract Matrigel–coated Transwells. Results of the present study indicate that myricetin significantly blocked both endogenous and TPA-induced MMP-2 enzyme activity by inhibiting its protein expression and enzyme activity. The blockade involved suppression of PKC translocation, ERK phosphorylation, and c-Jun protein expression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shing-Chuan Shen
- 3Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- 4Department of Dermatology, Taipei Municipal Wan-Fang Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tony J.F. Lee
- 5Neuro-Medical Scientific Center, Tzu Chi Hospital, College of Life Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan; and
- 6Department of Pharmacology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois
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Cheung PCH, Ko CH, Lee HYM, Ho LMC, To WWK, Ip PLS. Correlation of colposcopic anogenital findings and overall assessment of child sexual abuse: prospective study. Hong Kong Med J 2004; 10:378-83. [PMID: 15591595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the relationship between colposcopic anogenital findings and overall assessment of sexual abuse. DESIGN Prospective study. SETTING Regional hospital, Hong Kong. PATIENTS Seventy-seven children (mean age, 6.5 years; range, 6 months-16 years) referred consecutively for sexual abuse evaluation between July 1999 and June 2002 were included. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Colposcopic anogenital findings (categorised as normal, non-specific, concerning for abuse, or clearly abnormal) were correlated with the overall assessment of likelihood of abuse (classified as no evidence of abuse, possible abuse, probable abuse, or definite abuse). The sensitivity and specificity of clearly abnormal findings in detecting definite abuse were computed, and the diagnostic impact of colposcopy findings were expressed as likelihood ratios. RESULTS Anogenital findings were normal in 45% of patients, non-specific in 29%, concerning for abuse in 13%, and clearly abnormal in 13%. Seven of the 16 confirmed cases of sexual abuse had normal or non-specific findings. Overall assessment showed that 46% of all patients had no evidence of abuse, 20% had cases of possible abuse, 13% had cases of probable abuse, and 21% had cases of definite abuse. The sensitivity and specificity of abnormal anogenital findings in detecting definite abuse were 56.3% and 98.4%, respectively. Colposcopy showed a fair correlation with the overall assessment of abuse (weighted kappa, 0.245). The diagnostic impact of normal, non-specific, concerning, and clearly abnormal findings in terms of likelihood ratios were 0.23, 1.12, 0.00, and 34.30, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Anogenital findings are often normal or non-specific in sexual abuse. In general, colposcopy examination findings do not directly reflect the final diagnosis. A category-4 finding on colposcopy is very helpful in confirming definite abuse, whereas other findings do not rule out the diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- P C H Cheung
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, United Christian Hospital, 130 Hip Wo Street, Kwun Tong, Hong Kong.
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Sun JG, Ko CH, Wong V, Sun XR. Randomised control trial of tongue acupuncture versus sham acupuncture in improving functional outcome in cerebral palsy. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2004; 75:1054-7. [PMID: 15201372 PMCID: PMC1739097 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.2003.021485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been used historically in the treatment of cerebral palsy (CP). We investigated the efficacy of acupuncture in improving the motor function of children with CP. METHODS A randomised control trial was conducted to assess the effect of tongue acupuncture (TAC) in 33 CP children. The subjects were randomised to treatment (n = 22) with TAC or control (n = 11). Clinical outcome was evaluated using the gross motor function measure (GMFM) and the pediatric evaluation of disability inventory (PEDI). RESULTS The increase in mean GMFM score was significantly greater in the treatment than in the control group (p = 0.042). CONCLUSION An improvement in motor function of CP subjects is seen following a short course of acupuncture.
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Affiliation(s)
- J G Sun
- The Jockey Club MRI Engineering Center, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Yam WKL, Wu NSP, Lo IFM, Ko CH, Yeung WL, Lam STS. Dentatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophy in two Chinese families in Hong Kong. Hong Kong Med J 2004; 10:53-6. [PMID: 14967857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
We report on two Hong Kong Chinese families with dentatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophy. Two children in one family presented with progressive myoclonic epilepsy syndrome, and two children in the other family presented with ataxochoreo-athetoid symptoms. Early-onset childhood dentatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophy involved mental retardation, whereas myoclonic epilepsy was the predominant complaint in later-onset childhood version of the disease. Aspiration pneumonia was common in the late stage of disease. Dentatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophy is an autosomal dominant condition attributed to CAG trinucleotide repeats in the dentatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophy gene. The four children in this series had 63 to 79 CAG repeats. The expanded allele was inherited from the father in both families. One father had 54 CAG repeats and was asymptomatic; the other had 66 repeats and had an unsteady gait. Because the radiological, electroencephalographic, and electrophysiological findings were non-specific, we suggest that DRPLA gene testing should be performed in any child presenting with a variable combination of myoclonic epilepsy, mental retardation or developmental regression, and ataxochoreo-athetosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- W K L Yam
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Alice Ho Miu Ling Nethersole Hospital, Tai Po, Hong Kong.
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Shen SC, Ko CH, Hsu KC, Chen YC. 3-OH flavone inhibition of epidermal growth factor-induced proliferaton through blocking prostaglandin E2 production. Int J Cancer 2003; 108:502-10. [PMID: 14696113 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.11581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor (EGF) has been shown to induce proliferation in cells, however, the role of prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) plays in EGF-induced proliferation in still unclear. EGF and PGE(2) showed proliferation responses in epidermoid carcinoma cell A431 by MTT and [(3)H] thymidine incorporation assay. Activation of the EGF receptor and extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases (ERK1/2), but not p38 and JNK, appeared 10 min after EGF treatment, whereas total amounts of ERK1/2, p38 and JNK remained unchanged in A431 cells, accompanied by induction of COX-2 and PGE(2) production. PD98059, a specific ERK1/2 inhibitor, inhibited EGF-induced proliferation with concomitant decreases in ERK1/2 phosphorylation and COX-2/PGE(2) induction. Non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as aspirin and diclofenac, a COX activity inhibitor, inhibited EGF-induced proliferation by blocking PGE(2) production. The addition of PGE(2) reversed the inhibitory effects of PD98059, aspirin, and diclofenac on EGF-induced proliferation. This suggests that COX-2/PGE(2) activation involves in EGF-induced proliferation and locates at the downstream of ERK1/2 activation. Furthermore, the natural product, 3-OH flavone, showed the most-potent inhibitory activity on EGF-induced proliferation among 9 structurally-related compounds, and suppression of EGF receptor phosphorylation, ERK1/2 phosphorylation, and COX-2/PGE(2) production by 3-OH flavone was identified. PGE(2) addition attenuates the inhibitory activity of 3-OH flavone on EGF-induced proliferation by MTT assay and colony formation by soft agar assay. Additionally, 3-OH flavone also showed more-specific inhibition on EGF- than on fetal bovine serum (FBS)-induced proliferation in A431 cells. Results of our present study provide evidence to demonstrate that PGE(2) is an important downstream molecule in EGF-induced proliferation, and 3-OH flavone, which inhibits PGE(2) production by blocking MAPK cascade, might reserve potential for development as an anti-cancer drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shing-Chuan Shen
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Chen YC, Shen SC, Lee WR, Lin HY, Ko CH, Lee TJF. Nitric oxide and prostaglandin E2 participate in lipopolysaccharide/interferon-gamma-induced heme oxygenase 1 and prevent RAW264.7 macrophages from UV-irradiation-induced cell death. J Cell Biochem 2002; 86:331-9. [PMID: 12112002 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.10230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Induction of heme oxygenase (HO)-1 during inflammation has been demonstrated in many cell types, but the contribution of inflammatory molecules nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) has remained unresolved. Here we show that NO donors including sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and spermine nonoate (SP-NO), and PGE(2) significantly stimulate HO-1 expression in RAW264.7 macrophages, associated with alternative induction on NO and PGE(2) in medium, respectively. NO donors also show the inductive effect on cyclo-oxygenase 2 protein and PGE(2) production. In the presence of lipopolysaccharide and interferon-gamma (LPS/IFN-gamma), HO-1 protein was induced slightly but significantly, and SNP, SP-NO, and PGE(2) enhanced HO-1 protein induced by LPS/IFN-gamma. L-Arginine analogs N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) and N-nitro-L-arginine (NLA) significantly block HO-1 protein induced by LPS/IFN-gamma associated with a decrease in NO (not PGE(2)) production. And, NSAIDs aspirin and diclofenase dose dependently inhibited LPS/IFN-gamma-induced HO-1 protein accompanied by suppression of PGE(2) (not NO) production. PD98059 (a specific inhibitor of MEKK), but not SB203580 (a specific inhibitor of p38 kinase), attenuated PGE(2) (not SP-NO) induced HO-1 protein. Under UVC (100 J/m(2)) and UVB (50 J/m(2)) irradiation, PGE(2) or SP-NO treatment prevents cells from UVC or UVB-induced cell death, and HO-1 inhibitor tin protoporphyrin (SnPP) reverses the preventive effects of PGE(2) and SP-NO. The protective activity induced by PGE(2) on UVC or UVB irradiation-induced cell death was blocked by MAPK inhibitor PD98059 (not SB203580). These results demonstrated that inflammatory molecules NO and PGE(2) were potent inducers of HO-1 gene, and protected cells from UV-irradiation-induced cell death through HO-1 induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Chou Chen
- Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy Science, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan.
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Chen YC, Shen SC, Lee WR, Hsu FL, Lin HY, Ko CH, Tseng SW. Emodin induces apoptosis in human promyeloleukemic HL-60 cells accompanied by activation of caspase 3 cascade but independent of reactive oxygen species production. Biochem Pharmacol 2002; 64:1713-24. [PMID: 12445860 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-2952(02)01386-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Emodin (1,3,8-trihydroxy-6-methylanthraquinone) is an active constituent of Rheum palmatum, and showed inhibitory activity on lipopolysaccharide-induced NO production in our previous study. However, the apoptosis-inducing activity of emodin has remained undefined. Among three structurally related anthraquinones, including emodin, physcion, and chrysophanol, emodin showed the most potent cytotoxic effects on HL-60 cells, accompanied by the dose- and time-dependent appearance of characteristics of apoptosis including an increase in DNA ladder intensity, morphological changes, appearance of apoptotic bodies, and an increase in hypodiploid cells. Emodin at apoptosis-inducing concentrations causes rapid and transient induction of caspase 3/CPP32 activity, but not caspase 1 activity, according to cleavage of caspase 3 substrates poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase and D4-GDI proteins, the appearance of cleaved caspase 3 fragments being detected in emodin- but not physcion- or chrysophanol-treated HL-60 cells. A decrease in the anti-apoptotic protein, Mcl-1, was detected in emodin-treated HL-60 cells, whereas other Bcl-2 family proteins including Bax, Bcl-2, Bcl-XL, and Bad remained unchanged. The caspase 3 inhibitor, Ac-DEVD-CHO, but not the caspase 1 inhibitor, Ac-YVAD-CHO, attenuated emodin-induced DNA ladders, associated with the blockage of PARP and D4-GDI cleavage. Free radical scavenging agents including NAC, catalase, SOD, ALL, DPI, L-NAME and PDTC showed no preventive effect on emodin-induced apoptotic responses, whereas NAC, CAT and PDTC prevented HL-60 cells from ROS (H(2)O(2))-induced apoptosis through inhibition of caspase 3 cascades. Induction of catalase, but not SOD, activity was detected in emodin-treated HL-60 cells by in gel activity assays, and H(2)O(2)-induced intracellular peroxide level was significantly reduced by prior treatment of emodin in HL-60 cells. Our experiments provide evidence that emodin is an effective apoptosis inducer in HL-60 cells through activation of the caspase 3 cascade, but that it is independent of ROS production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Chou Chen
- Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy Science, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Ko CH, Shen SC, Lin HY, Hou WC, Lee WR, Yang LL, Chen YC. Flavanones structure-related inhibition on TPA-induced tumor promotion through suppression of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases: involvement of prostaglandin E2 in anti-promotive process. J Cell Physiol 2002; 193:93-102. [PMID: 12209884 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.10154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Biological functions of flavanones have been studied extensively, however, the structure-related activities of flavanones on 12-o-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA)-induced promotive effects are still unclear. In this study, flavanone, 2'-OH flavanone, 4'-OH flavanone, 6-OH flavanone showed the most significant dose-dependent inhibition on TPA-induced proliferative effects among eight tested flavanones in NIH3T3 cells. TPA-induced mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPK) phosphorylation, ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), c-Jun, and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) protein expressions in a time-dependent manner, and the maximal inductive time point is at 1 h for MAPK phosphorylation and 6 h for others. Flavanone, 2'-OH flavanone, 4'-OH flavanone, 6-OH flavanone showed the dose-dependent inhibition on TPA-stimulated MAPK phosphorylation, COX-2, ODC, c-Jun protein expressions. Induction of, prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) production was detected in TPA-treated NIH3T3 cells, and flavanone, 2'-OH flavanone, 4'-OH flavanone, 6-OH flavanone inhibited significantly PGE(2) production induced by TPA. Addition of PGE(2) reverses the inhibitory activities of flavanone, 2'-OH flavanone, 4'-OH flavanone, 6-OH flavanone on TPA-induced proliferation. And, PD98059, a specific inhibitor of ERKs, inhibited TPA-induced MAPK phosphorylation, accompanied by decreasing COX-2, c-Jun, and ODC protein expression, and showed dose-dependent inhibition on TPA-induced proliferation in cells. These results demonstrated that PGE(2) is an important mediator in TPA-induced proliferation, and MAPK phosphorylation was located at the upstream of COX-2, c-Jun, and ODC gene expressions in TPA-induced responses. Furthermore, flavanone, 2'-OH flavanone, 4'-OH flavanone, 6-OH flavanone (100 microM) suppressed TPA-induced colony formation associated with blocking MAPK phosphorylation, ODC, c-Jun, and COX-2 proteins expression. And, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay showed that flavanone, 2'-OH flavanone, 4'-OH flavanone, 6-OH flavanone did not perform potent anti-radical activities among these eight tested compounds. In conclusion, this study provided molecular evidences to demonstrate that flavanone, 2'-OH flavanone, 4'-OH flavanone, 6-OH flavanone were potent inhibitors on TPA-induced responses without notable cytotoxicity through suppression of PGE(2) production; and anti-radical activity of flavanones was not correlated with preventing the occurrence of tumor promotion. We proposed that blocking TPA-induced intracellular signaling responses might be involved in the anti-promotive mechanism of flavanones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Huai Ko
- Graduate Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Shen SC, Lee WR, Lin HY, Huang HC, Ko CH, Yang LL, Chen YC. In vitro and in vivo inhibitory activities of rutin, wogonin, and quercetin on lipopolysaccharide-induced nitric oxide and prostaglandin E(2) production. Eur J Pharmacol 2002; 446:187-94. [PMID: 12098601 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-2999(02)01792-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Flavonoids are widely distributed in plants, but their biological functions are still unclear. In the present study, in vitro and in vivo experiments were performed to demonstrate the inhibitory activities of rutin, wogonin, and quercetin on lipopolysaccharide-induced nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E(2) production in RAW 264.7 macrophages, primary peritoneal macrophages, and Balb/c mice, respectively. In vitro results showed that wogonin and quercetin dose-dependently suppressed lipopolysaccharide-induced NO production in RAW 264.7 macrophages and primary peritoneal macrophages without a notable cytotoxic effect on either cell types associated with a decrease in inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) protein expression in both cells. Rutin, at 80 microM only, had a slight but obvious inhibitory effect on lipopolysaccharide-induced NO production in primary peritoneal macrophages. Both wogonin and quercetin attenuated lipopolysaccharide-induced prostaglandin E(2) production in vitro. Intravenous injection of lipopolysaccharide (10 mg/kg, i.v.) resulted in a time-dependent induction of NO production in serum, and pretreatment with the L-arginine analog N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) blocked this induction. Intravenous pretreatment of Balb/c mice with rutin, wogonin or quercetin for 1 h followed by lipopolysaccharide treatment significantly inhibited lipopolysaccharide-induced NO production, but no inhibition of prostaglandin E(2) production was found. A decrease in iNOS protein, but not cyclooxygenase-2 protein, was detected in liver and lung specimens of lipopolysaccharide-treated Balb/c mice in the presence of rutin, wogonin or quercetin. In conclusion, data obtained both in vitro and in vivo suggest that wogonin and quercetin exert inhibitory activity on lipopolysaccharide-induced NO production through suppression of iNOS expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shing-Chuan Shen
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Cheng WW, Ko CH, Chan AKH. Paediatric stroke: case series. Hong Kong Med J 2002; 8:216-20. [PMID: 12055370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Five cases of paediatric stroke are reported. Two patients presented with idiopathic stroke, another following vertebral artery dissection, one secondary to Moyamoya disease, and one patient with the syndrome of mitochondrial encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes. The presentation, investigation, and management of paediatric stroke are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- W W Cheng
- Department of Paediatrics, Caritas Medical Centre, 111 Wing Hong Street, Shamshuipo, Hong Kong
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Chen YC, Shen SC, Lee WR, Lin HY, Ko CH, Shih CM, Yang LL. Wogonin and fisetin induction of apoptosis through activation of caspase 3 cascade and alternative expression of p21 protein in hepatocellular carcinoma cells SK-HEP-1. Arch Toxicol 2002; 76:351-9. [PMID: 12107653 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-002-0346-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2002] [Accepted: 03/13/2002] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Wogonin and fisetin are flavonoids, which are widely distributed in plants. Our recent study demonstrated that, among seven structurally related flavonoids, wogonin and fisetin showed the most potent apoptosis-inducing activities in human promyeloleukemic cells HL-60. In the present investigation, we performed molecular studies to assess the apoptotic effects of wogonin and fisetin on hepatocellular carcinoma cells SK-HEP-1. Both wogonin and fisetin showed dose-dependent cytotoxic effects on SK-HEP-1 cells, accompanied by DNA fragmentation. Microscopic observation under Giemsa staining showed that wogonin and fisetin, at the dose of 80 microM, induced cellular swelling and the appearance of apoptotic bodies, characteristics of apoptosis, in SK-HEP-1 cells. Furthermore, flow cytometry analysis showed an increase of hypodiploid cells in wogonin- and fisetin-treated SK-HEP-1 cells. These data demonstrated that wogonin and fisetin were effective inducers of apoptosis in SK-HEP-1 cells. Treatment with an apoptosis-inducing concentration of wogonin or fisetin caused induction of caspase 3/CPP32 activity, but not of caspase 1 activity. In addition, a caspase 3 inhibitor, Ac-DEVD-CHO, but not the caspase 1 inhibitor Ac-YVAD-CHO, reversed the cytotoxic effects of wogonin and fisetin on SK-HEP-1 cells. Further, cleavage of caspase 3 substrates including poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) and D4-GDI protein, and decrease of pro-caspase 3 protein were detected in wogonin- and fisetin-treated SK-HEP-1 cells. Increase of p53 protein was associated with wogonin- and fisetin-induced apoptosis; however, a p53-controlled gene, p21(Waf/Cip-1), was only induced in wogonin- (not fisetin-) treated SK-HEP-1 cells. Serum starvation elevated p21(Waf/Cip-1) protein expression, and enhanced the apoptotic induction activity of wogonin (not fiseitn) in SK-HEP-1 cells. Our study has provided molecular evidence to demonstrate that wogonin and fisetin had effective cytotoxic effects through apoptosis induction in hepatocellular carcinoma cells SK-HEP-1; activation of caspase 3 cascade, induction of p53 protein and alternative expression of p21(Waf/Cip-1) protein were involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Chou Chen
- Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy Science, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Cheung KM, Tse PW, Ko CH, Chan YC, Leung CY, Chan KH. Clinical efficacy of proton pump inhibitor therapy in neurologically impaired children with gastroesophageal reflux: prospective study. Hong Kong Med J 2001; 7:356-9. [PMID: 11773669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the effects of proton pump inhibitors in reducing vomiting, gastrointestinal bleeding, and chest infections in institutionalised neurologically impaired children with gastroesophageal reflux. DESIGN Prospective study. SETTING A regional hospital, Hong Kong. PATIENTS Neurologically impaired children with refractory gastroesophageal reflux. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Episodes of vomiting, gastrointestinal bleeding, and pneumonia in the baseline and proton pump inhibitor treatment periods. RESULTS Nine children received proton pump inhibitor therapy for a median duration of 81 days. Mean reflux index was 9.3% (standard deviation, 5%). Dosage of omeprazole used was 1.0-2.3 mg/kg/d. Vomiting was reduced significantly with proton pump inhibitor treatment (median vomiting index [baseline]=0.4, median vomiting index [proton pump inhibitors]=0.2; P<0.05). No significant decrease in gastrointestinal bleeding or chest infection was observed. CONCLUSION Proton pump inhibitors significantly reduced vomiting episodes in neurologically impaired children with gastroesophageal reflux.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Cheung
- Department of Paediatrics, Caritas Medical Centre, 111 Wing Hong Street, Shamshuipo, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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Abstract
Two children who presented with symptomatic metabolic acidosis after being put on topiramate (TPM) are reported. The first patient was an 11-year-old male with refractory complex partial epilepsy who was put on TPM for 13 months. He developed hyperventilation 1 week after increasing the dose to 300 mg/day. Arterial blood gas revealed hyperchloraemic metabolic acidosis with partial respiratory compensation: pH 7.36, PCO2 27.2 mmHg, bicarbonate 14.9 mEq/L, base excess -8.9 mmol/L. Hyperventilation and acidosis resolved after administration of sodium bicarbonate and reduction of the dose of TPM. The second patient was a female who developed increasing irritability at age 16 months and 21 months, each time associated with introduction of TPM and resolved promptly upon withdrawal of the drug. Venous blood gas taken during the second episode revealed pH 7.34, PCO2 37.4 mmHg, bicarbonate 20.4 mEq/L, base excess -4.2 mmol/L. The predominant mechanism of TPM-induced hyperventilation involves inhibition of carbonic anhydrase at the proximal renal tubule, resulting in impaired proximal bicarbonate reabsorption. The occurrence of hyperpnoea or mental status change in any patient who is on TPM should prompt an urgent blood gas sampling, with correction of the acid-base disturbances accordingly.
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Affiliation(s)
- C H Ko
- Department of Paediatrics, Caritas Medical Centre, Shamshuipo, Hong Kong.
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41
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Abstract
Dopa-responsive dystonia (DRD) is an autosomal dominant disorder typically presenting as dystonia with diurnal variability. Described is an 8-year-old boy who had had waddling gait, generalized hypotonia, and proximal weakness since early childhood. He responded well to low-dose L-dopa. He had a point mutation of the GTP cyclohydrolase I gene. The patient's father and sister had the same mutation but did not have proximal weakness. GTP cyclohydrolase I deficiency can present with hypotonia and weakness.
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Affiliation(s)
- C K Kong
- Department of Paediatrics, Caritas Medical Centre, Hong Kong, China.
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42
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Abstract
Paroxysmal kinesigenic choreoathetosis is a rare neurologic disorder characterized by sudden attacks of brief involuntary dyskinetic movement that are precipitated by voluntary movement. A 14-year-old male who presented with frequent brief attacks of hemidystonia triggered by sudden movement is reported. Investigations, including video electroencephalogram and magnetic resonance imaging of brain, were normal. There was excellent and sustained response to carbamazepine. Ictal single-photon emission computed tomography using 99mTc ethyl cysteinate dimer revealed increased perfusion of the contralateral basal ganglia, which is associated with onset of choreoathetosis attacks. Our findings provide evidence that hyperactivity of the basal ganglia is associated with the dyskinetic attacks in paroxysmal kinesigenic choreoathetosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C H Ko
- Department of Pediatrics, Caritas Medical Centre, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
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Ko CH, Kong CK, Tse PW. Valproic acid and thrombocytopenia: cross-sectional study. Hong Kong Med J 2001; 7:15-21. [PMID: 11406671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship between platelet count and serum valproic acid level, age, duration of valproic acid therapy, and polytherapy, and to determine the clinical significance of thrombocytopenia associated with high-dosage valproic acid therapy. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING Residential unit for neurologically impaired children and paediatric out-patient clinic, Hong Kong. PATIENTS Ninety-six neurologically impaired children who were treated with valproic acid between 1 July 1991 to 3 June 1999. The comparison group consisted of 48 children receiving antiepileptic drugs other than valproic acid. INTERVENTION Low- or high-dosage valproic acid, using the threshold value of 40 mg/kg/d. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Platelet count and liver function, duration of valproic acid treatment, dosage, and trough serum valproic acid concentration. RESULTS Seventeen (17.7%) patients in the treatment group developed thrombocytopenia, compared with two (4.2%) in the comparison group (P<0.05). The platelet count was negatively correlated to serum valproic acid level and age, and positively correlated to polytherapy. The duration of valproic acid treatment was not a confounding factor in the age-related decrease in platelet count. Children with a trough level of >450 micromol/L or a daily dose of >40 mg/kg were more likely to develop thrombocytopenia. Thrombocytopenia was mild in most cases. CONCLUSIONS A trough valproic acid level of >450 micromol/L or a daily dose of >40 mg/kg should alert the clinician to the risk of developing thrombocytopenia. The risk is further increased for older children. The platelet count should be monitored for patients receiving a high concentration of valproic acid who are also receiving drugs that would affect homeostasis, or who are undergoing surgical procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- C H Ko
- Developmental Disabilities Unit, Department of Paediatrics, Caritas Medical Centre, 111 Wing Hong Street, Shamshuipo, Hong Kong
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Ko CH, Kong CK, Chow TC, Lee KC. Classic late infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis in a Chinese patient. Hong Kong Med J 2001; 7:93-6. [PMID: 11406682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses are a group of rare neurodegenerative disorders that are characterised by an accumulation of autofluorescent lipopigments in neurons and extraneuronal tissues. We report on a 4-year-old boy who presented with an acute onset of seizures followed by rapid psychomotor deterioration, ataxia, and visual failure. Photic stimulation at 1 to 3 Hz elicited discrete spike and wave discharges in the electroencephalogram, which were diminished at a higher frequency of stimulation. The electroretinogram was extinct. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain showed generalised cerebral and cerebellar atrophy. Electron microscopic examination of lymphocytes and samples of muscle and skin revealed characteristic curvilinear inclusion bodies. To our knowledge, this is the first case of late infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis to be reported in a Hong Kong Chinese patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- C H Ko
- Department of Paediatrics, Caritas Medical Centre, 111 Wing Hong Street, Shamshuipo, Hong Kong
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Ko CH, Lam CW, Tse PW, Kong CK, Chan AK, Wong LJ. De novo mutation in the mitochondrial tRNALeu(UUR) gene (A3243G) with rapid segregation resulting in MELAS in the offspring. J Paediatr Child Health 2001; 37:87-90. [PMID: 11168879 DOI: 10.1046/j.1440-1754.2001.00611.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A 14-year-old Chinese boy with a normal perinatal and early developmental history presented at 5 years of age with migraine, intractable epilepsy, ataxia, supraventricular tachycardia, paralytic ileus and progressive mental deterioration. Computerized tomography revealed multiple cerebral infarcts in the parieto-occipital region without basal ganglial calcification. Magnetic resonance imaging showed increased signal intensity in T2 weighted images in the same regions. A cerebral digital subtraction angiogram was normal. Venous lactate, pyruvate, lactate to pyruvate ratio and cerebrospinal fluid lactate were elevated. Muscle biopsy did not reveal any ragged red fibres; dinucleotide-tetrazolium reductase activity was normal. Mitochondrial DNA analysis detected an adenine to guanine mutation at nucleotide position 3243 of tRNALeu(UUR). All four tissues analysed demonstrated heteroplasmy: leucocyte 56%, hair follicle 70%; buccal cell 64%; muscle 54%. The mother and brother of the proband, both asymptomatic, were also found to have a heteroplasmic A3243G mutation in the leucocytes, hair follicle and buccal cells. Other members of the maternal lineage, including the maternal grandmother, did not have the mutation. This report describes a patient with mitochondrial encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, stroke-like episodes, who presented with multisystem involvement. The absence of ragged red fibres in muscle biopsy did not preclude the diagnosis. Mutational analysis of mitochondrial DNA conveniently confirmed the diagnosis of the disorder. A de novo mutation is demonstrated in this family.
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Affiliation(s)
- C H Ko
- Department of Paediatrics, Caritas Medical Centre, Hong Kong, China.
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Devan BD, Goad EH, Petri HL, Antoniadis EA, Hong NS, Ko CH, Leblanc L, Lebovic SS, Lo Q, Ralph MR, McDonald RJ. Circadian phase-shifted rats show normal acquisition but impaired long-term retention of place information in the water task. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2001; 75:51-62. [PMID: 11124046 DOI: 10.1006/nlme.1999.3957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
It is thought that circadian rhythms may influence learning and memory processes. However, research supporting this view does not dissociate a mnemonic impairment from other performance deficits. Furthermore, published reports do not specify the type of memory system influenced by the circadian system. The present study assessed the effects of phase shifting on acquisition and expression of place navigation in the water maze, a task sensitive to hippocampal dysfunction. The results showed that phase-shifting circadian rhythms in rats impaired the expression of place information on a retention test but not initial acquisition or encoding of place information. These results suggest that disruption of circadian rhythms may impair consolidation of previously encoded hippocampal place information.
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Affiliation(s)
- B D Devan
- Krasnow Institute for Advanced Study, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia 22030-4444, USA
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Kang SG, Wright DA, Ko CH. Baseline metal concentration in the Asian periwinkle Littorina brevicula employed as a biomonitor to assess metal pollution in Korean coastal water. Sci Total Environ 2000; 263:143-153. [PMID: 11194148 DOI: 10.1016/s0048-9697(00)00695-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Concentrations of Al, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, V, Ni, Co, Cr, Cd and Pb in the Asian periwinkle Littorina brevicula were determined from 39 sampling locations along the whole Korean coast. Metal concentrations in the periwinkle varied highly with sampling stations, but the variations could be well explained by the body size after eliminating the data exceeding the 'High' criteria. Among the stations exceeding the 'High' criteria corresponding to mean plus one standard deviation of the logarithms of the individual site mean, some stations exhibited values higher than expected from the relationship between metal body burden and body size, indicating that these locations were polluted with metals. However, several 'High' stations followed the trends of the curve, suggesting that they resulted from the effect of their small body size, not from environmental contamination. Periwinkles of similar body sizes exhibited same range of metal concentrations in their body, independent of geographical position.
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Affiliation(s)
- S G Kang
- Department of Oceanography, Seoul National University, South Korea
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Lam CW, Yeung WL, Ko CH, Poon PM, Tong SF, Chan KY, Lo IF, Chan LY, Hui J, Wong V, Pang CP, Lo YM, Fok TF. Spectrum of mutations in the MECP2 gene in patients with infantile autism and Rett syndrome. J Med Genet 2000; 37:E41. [PMID: 11106359 PMCID: PMC1734495 DOI: 10.1136/jmg.37.12.e41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Ko CH, Bhattacharjee S, Elimelech M. Coupled Influence of Colloidal and Hydrodynamic Interactions on the RSA Dynamic Blocking Function for Particle Deposition onto Packed Spherical Collectors. J Colloid Interface Sci 2000; 229:554-567. [PMID: 10985836 DOI: 10.1006/jcis.2000.7062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The influence of electrostatic double-layer and hydrodynamic interactions on random sequential adsorption (RSA) of colloidal particles onto packed spherical collectors was investigated using inverse analysis of colloid breakthrough data obtained from well-controlled particle deposition experiments. Deposition experiments were carried out using monodisperse aqueous suspensions of positively charged latex colloids and packed columns of negatively charged uniform glass beads for different combinations of ionic strength, particle size, and approach velocity. From the experimental particle breakthrough data, the initial particle deposition rates and the virial coefficients of the dynamic blocking function based on RSA mechanics were determined. The magnitudes of the virial coefficients were observed to increase from the hard sphere values with increasing flow rates and decreasing ionic strengths of the background electrolyte. Particle size also plays a significant role in governing the deposition dynamics. The deviation from the hard sphere RSA behavior becomes more prominent for larger particles. Copyright 2000 Academic Press.
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Affiliation(s)
- CH Ko
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, 06520-8286
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