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Lin NH, Goh A, Lin SH, Chuang KA, Chang CH, Li MH, Lu CH, Chen WY, Wei PH, Pan IH, Perng MD, Wen SF. Neuroprotective Effects of a Multi-Herbal Extract on Axonal and Synaptic Disruption in Vitro and Cognitive Impairment in Vivo. J Alzheimers Dis Rep 2023; 7:51-76. [PMID: 36777330 PMCID: PMC9912829 DOI: 10.3233/adr-220056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a multifactorial disorder characterized by cognitive decline. Current available therapeutics for AD have limited clinical benefit. Therefore, preventive therapies for interrupting the development of AD are critically needed. Molecules targeting multifunction to interact with various pathlogical components have been considered to improve the therapeutic efficiency of AD. In particular, herbal medicines with multiplicity of actions produce cognitive benefits on AD. Bugu-M is a multi-herbal extract composed of Ganoderma lucidum (Antler form), Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn., Ziziphus jujuba Mill., and Dimocarpus longan, with the ability of its various components to confer resilience to cognitive deficits. Objective To evaluate the potential of Bugu-M on amyloid-β (Aβ) toxicity and its in vitro mechanisms and on in vivo cognitive function. Methods We illustrated the effect of Bugu-M on Aβ25-35-evoked toxicity as well as its possible mechanisms to diminish the pathogenesis of AD in rat cortical neurons. For cognitive function studies, 2-month-old female 3×Tg-AD mice were administered 400 mg/kg Bugu-M for 30 days. Behavioral tests were performed to assess the efficacy of Bugu-M on cognitive impairment. Results In primary cortical neuronal cultures, Bugu-M mitigated Aβ-evoked toxicity by reducing cytoskeletal aberrations and axonal disruption, restoring presynaptic and postsynaptic protein expression, suppressing mitochondrial damage and apoptotic signaling, and reserving neurogenic and neurotrophic factors. Importantly, 30-day administration of Bugu-M effectively prevented development of cognitive impairment in 3-month-old female 3×Tg-AD mice. Conclusion Bugu-M might be beneficial in delaying the progression of AD, and thus warrants consideration for its preventive potential for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni-Hsuan Lin
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Life Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Angela Goh
- Biomedical Technology and Device Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Shyh-Horng Lin
- Biomedical Technology and Device Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Kai-An Chuang
- Biomedical Technology and Device Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsuan Chang
- Biomedical Technology and Device Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Han Li
- Biomedical Technology and Device Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chu-Hsun Lu
- Biomedical Technology and Device Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Yin Chen
- Biomedical Technology and Device Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Hsuan Wei
- Biomedical Technology and Device Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - I-Hong Pan
- Biomedical Technology and Device Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Der Perng
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Life Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan,
School of Medicine, College of Life Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan,Correspondence to: Shu-Fang Wen, Biomedical Technology and Device Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, 321, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 300044, Taiwan. Tel.: +886 35743946; E-mail: and Ming-Der Perng, College of Life Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 300044, Taiwan. Tel.: +886 35742024; E-mail:
| | - Shu-Fang Wen
- Biomedical Technology and Device Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan,Correspondence to: Shu-Fang Wen, Biomedical Technology and Device Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, 321, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 300044, Taiwan. Tel.: +886 35743946; E-mail: and Ming-Der Perng, College of Life Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 300044, Taiwan. Tel.: +886 35742024; E-mail:
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Wu CS, Chuo WH, Li YR, Chen JJ, Chen YC, Chu CL, Pan IH, Wu YS, Lin CC. Antihelminthic niclosamide modulates dendritic cells activation and function. J Dermatol Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2016.08.209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Lin CC, Pan IH, Li YR, Pan YG, Lin MK, Lu YH, Wu HC, Chu CL. The adjuvant effects of high-molecule-weight polysaccharides purified from Antrodia cinnamomea on dendritic cell function and DNA vaccines. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0116191. [PMID: 25723174 PMCID: PMC4344241 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0116191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The biological activity of the edible basidiomycete Antrodia cinnamomea (AC) has been studied extensively. Many effects, such as anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities, have been reported from either crude extracts or compounds isolated from AC. However, research addressing the function of AC in enhancing immunity is rare. The aim of the present study is to investigate the active components and the mechanism involved in the immunostimulatory effect of AC. We found that polysaccharides (PS) in the water extract of AC played a major role in dendritic cell (DC) activation, which is a critical leukocyte in initiating immune responses. We further size purified and identified that the high-molecular weight PS fraction (greater than 100 kDa) exhibited the activating effect. The AC high-molecular weight PSs (AC hmwPSs) promoted pro-inflammatory cytokine production by DCs and the maturation of DCs. In addition, DC-induced antigen-specific T cell activation and Th1 differentiation were increased by AC hmwPSs. In studying the molecular mechanism, we confirmed the activation of the MAPK and NF-κB pathways in DCs after AC hmwPSs treatment. Furthermore, we demonstrated that TLR2 and TLR4 are required for the stimulatory activity of AC hmwPSs on DCs. In a mouse tumor model, we demonstrated that AC hmwPSs enhanced the anti-tumor efficacy of the HER-2/neu DNA vaccine by facilitating specific Th1 responses. Thus, we conclude that hmwPSs are the major components of AC that stimulate DCs via the TLR2/TLR4 and NF-κB/MAPK signaling pathways. The AC hmwPSs have potential to be applied as adjuvants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Chen Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Rong Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research and Education, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - I-Hong Pan
- Biomedical Technology and Device Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Rong Li
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Gen Pan
- Graduate Institute of Immunology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Kuem Lin
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Huang Lu
- Biomedical Technology and Device Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Chieh Wu
- Biomedical Technology and Device Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Liang Chu
- Graduate Institute of Immunology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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Wu CS, Chen GS, Lin PY, Pan IH, Wang ST, Lin SH, Yu HS, Lin CC. Tazarotene induces apoptosis in human basal cell carcinoma via activation of caspase-8/t-Bid and the reactive oxygen species-dependent mitochondrial pathway. DNA Cell Biol 2014; 33:652-66. [PMID: 24927175 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2014.2366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies suggest that tazarotene, a new member of the acetylenic class of RARβ/γ selective retinoids which is approved to treat a variety of skin diseases, exhibits an anti-proliferative effect in human basal cell carcinoma (BCC) by triggering caspase-dependent apoptosis. However, the detailed molecular mechanisms underlying the anti-tumor activity of tazarotene are poorly understood. This study aims at investigating the molecular mechanisms of tazarotene-induced apoptosis in human BCC cells. Our results are the first to demonstrate that tazarotene induces mitochondria-dependent cleavage of caspase-9 and -3 and PARP in BCC cells by producing reactive oxygen species (ROS) and activating caspase-8 through both ROS and death receptor signaling. These events are accompanied by a decrease in BCL-2 and BCL-xl anti-apoptotic proteins as well as by survivin and XIAP, two IAP family members. Furthermore, our results presented for the first time that tazarotene triggers a convergence of the intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways via the caspase-8-truncated Bid signaling pathway. Collectively, these data provide insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying tazarotene-induced apoptosis in human BCC cells, suggesting that this compound is a potential anti-skin cancer drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chieh-Shan Wu
- 1 Department of Dermatology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital , Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Lin CC, Chen HH, Chen YK, Chang HC, Lin PY, Pan IH, Chen DY, Chen CM, Lin SY. Rice bran feruloylated oligosaccharides activate dendritic cells via Toll-like receptor 2 and 4 signaling. Molecules 2014; 19:5325-47. [PMID: 24762969 PMCID: PMC6271473 DOI: 10.3390/molecules19045325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Revised: 03/29/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
This work presents the effects of feruloylated oligosaccharides (FOs) of rice bran on murine bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) and the potential pathway through which the effects are mediated. We found that FOs induced phenotypic maturation of DCs, as shown by the increased expression of CD40, CD80/CD86 and MHC-I/II molecules. FOs efficiently induced maturation of DCs generated from C3H/HeN or C57BL/6 mice with normal toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4) or TLR-2 but not DCs from mice with mutated TLR4 or TLR2. The mechanism of action of FOs may be mediated by increased phosphorylation of ERK, p38 and JNK mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPKs) and increased NF-κB activity, which are important signaling molecules downstream of TLR-4 and TLR-2. These data suggest that FOs induce DCs maturation through TLR-4 and/or TLR-2 and that FOs might have potential efficacy against tumor or virus infection or represent a candidate-adjuvant approach for application in immunotherapy and vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Chen Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Science, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research and Education, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, 407, Taiwan; E-Mail:
- Rong Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; E-Mail:
- Division of Chest Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (C.C.L.); (H.H.C.); Fax: +886-4-2359-2705 (C.C.L.); +886-6-926-0259 (H.H.C.)
| | - Hua Han Chen
- Department of Food Science, National Penghu University of Science and Technology, Makung City, Penghu Hsien 880, Taiwan; E-Mail:
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (C.C.L.); (H.H.C.); Fax: +886-4-2359-2705 (C.C.L.); +886-6-926-0259 (H.H.C.)
| | - Yu Kuo Chen
- Department of Food Science, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 912, Taiwan; E-Mail:
| | - Hung Chia Chang
- Department of Food Science, National Penghu University of Science and Technology, Makung City, Penghu Hsien 880, Taiwan; E-Mail:
| | - Ping Yi Lin
- Transplant Medicine & Surgery Research Centre, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan; E-Mail:
| | - I-Hong Pan
- Biomedical Technology and Device Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu 310, Taiwan; E-Mail:
| | - Der-Yuan Chen
- Department of Medical Research and Education, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, 407, Taiwan; E-Mail:
- Rong Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; E-Mail:
| | - Chuan Mu Chen
- Rong Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; E-Mail:
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Su Yi Lin
- Department of Applied Science of Living, Chinese Culture University, Taipei 111, Taiwan; E-Mail:
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Wu CS, Li YR, Chen JJW, Chen YC, Chu CL, Pan IH, Wu YS, Lin CC. Antihelminthic niclosamide modulates dendritic cells activation and function. Cell Immunol 2013; 288:15-23. [PMID: 24561310 PMCID: PMC7094312 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2013.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2013] [Revised: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 12/11/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Effect of niclosamide on the activation of LPS-stimulated BMDCs was investigated. Niclosamide decreased ability to stimulate antigen specific T cell proliferation. Niclosamide attenuated hapten induced contact hypersensitivity (CHS) in vivo. Blocking the MAPK and NF-κB contribute to the inhibitory effect of niclosamide.
Dendritic cells (DCs) link the sensing of the environment by the innate immune system to the initiation of adaptive immune responses. Accordingly, DCs are considered to be a major target in the development of immunomodulating compounds. In this study, the effect of niclosamide, a Food and Drug Administration-approved antihelminthic drug, on the activation of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated murine bone marrow-derived DCs was examined. Our experimental results show that niclosamide reduced the pro-inflammatory cytokine and chemokine expression of LPS-activated DCs. In addition, niclosamide also affected the expression of MHC and costimulatory molecules and influenced the ability of the cells to take up antigens. Therefore, in mixed cell cultures composed of syngeneic OVA-specific T cells and DCs, niclosamide-treated DCs showed a decreased ability to stimulate T cell proliferation and IFN-γ production. Furthermore, intravenous injection of niclosamide also attenuated contact hypersensitivity (CHS) in mice during sensitization with 2,4-dinitro-1-fluorobenzene. Blocking the LPS-induced activation of MAPK-ERK, JNK and NF-κB may contribute to the inhibitory effect of niclosamide on DC activation. Collectively, our findings suggest that niclosamide can manipulate the function of DCs. These results provide new insight into the immunopharmacological role of niclosamide and suggest that it may be useful for the treatment of chronic inflammatory disorders or DC-mediated autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chieh-Shan Wu
- Department of Dermatology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan, ROC; Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yi-Rong Li
- Institute of Biomedical Science, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Jeremy J W Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Science, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC; Rong Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ying-Che Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Science, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chiang-Liang Chu
- Graduate Institute of Immunology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan, ROC
| | - I-Hong Pan
- Biomedical Technology and Device Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yu-Shan Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chi-Chen Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Science, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC; Rong Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Medical Research and Education, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC; Division of Chest Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan, ROC.
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Chen MH, Li WS, Lue YS, Chu CL, Pan IH, Ko CH, Chen DY, Lin CH, Lin SH, Chang CP, Lin CC. Clitocybe nuda Activates Dendritic Cells and Acts as a DNA Vaccine Adjuvant. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2013; 2013:761454. [PMID: 24058377 PMCID: PMC3766593 DOI: 10.1155/2013/761454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2013] [Revised: 05/25/2013] [Accepted: 06/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This work represents the first evaluation of the effects of water extract of C. nuda (WE-CN), an edible mushroom, on murine bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) and the potential pathway through which the effects are mediated. Our experimental results show that WE-CN could induce phenotypic maturation of DCs, as shown by the increased expression of MHC and costimulatory molecules. In addition, it also induced the proinflammatory cytokines expression on DCs and enhanced both the proliferation and IFN- γ secretion of allogenic T cells. Therefore, since WE-CN did not induce maturation of DCs generated from mice with mutated TLR-4 or TLR-2, suggesting that TLR4 and TLR2 might function as membrane receptors for WE-CN. Moreover, the mechanism of action of WE-CN may be mediated by increased phosphorylation of ERK, p38, and JNK mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and increased NF- κ B p65 activity, which are important signaling molecules downstream of TLR-4 and TLR-2. Finally, coimmunization of mice with WE-CN and a HER-2/neu DNA vaccine induced a HER-2/neu-specific Th1 response that resulted in significant inhibition of HER-2/neu overexpressing mouse bladder tumor (MBT-2) growth. These data suggest that WE-CN induces DC maturation through TLR-4 and/or TLR-2 and that WE-CN can be used as an adjuvant in cancer vaccine immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Hsing Chen
- Plant Pathology Division, Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute (TARI), Council of Agriculture (COA), Executive Yuan, Wufeng 413, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Sung Li
- Plant Pathology Division, Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute (TARI), Council of Agriculture (COA), Executive Yuan, Wufeng 413, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Sheng Lue
- Plant Pathology Division, Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute (TARI), Council of Agriculture (COA), Executive Yuan, Wufeng 413, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Liang Chu
- Graduate Institute of Immunology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - I-Hong Pan
- Biomedical Technology and Device Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Huai Ko
- Biomedical Technology and Device Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Der-Yuan Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Science, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 407, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Hsiung Lin
- Division of Chest Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Hao Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Science, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Division of Chest Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Peng Chang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Chen Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Science, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research and Education, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 407, Taiwan
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Abstract
A rapid process for purification of an extracellular beta-xylosidase with high purity was developed. The manipulation involved the precipitation of protein from culture medium and the extraction of enzyme from the resuspended crude protein solution by an aqueous-two phase separation. A linear random copolymer, PE62, with 20% ethylene oxide and 80% propylene oxide was employed in both stages of the purification. The enzyme was precipitated effectively by using 10% (w/v) PE62 and 5% (w/v) Na2HPO4. The aqueous two-phase extraction was performed with PE62 (10%)-NaH2PO4 (15%) as phase-forming reagent. SDS-PAGE analysis revealed that the purified enzyme is near homogeneity. The yield is about 100% with a purification factor of 8.8-fold. The whole process can be completed within an hour without any column chromatography.
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Affiliation(s)
- I H Pan
- Applied Chemistry Department, National Chiao Tung University, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan
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Abstract
The catalytic mechanism of the beta-xylosidase purified from the culture filtrate of Trichoderma koningii G-39 was investigated. By NMR spectroscopy, the stereochemistry of the enzyme catalyzing the hydrolysis of 2,4-dinitrophenyl and p-nitrophenyl-beta-D-xylosides was found unequivocally to involve retention of the anomeric configuration. Based on the k(cat) values of a series of arylxylosides with leaving group pK(a)s in the range of 4-10, an extended Bronsted plot was constructed with a slope (beta(lg)) near zero. Enzymatic hydrolysis of aryl-beta-D-xylosides in acetate buffer (pH 4.0) containing 3 or 5% methanol showed a constant product ratio (methylxyloside/xylose), indicating the presence of a common intermediate, probably the xylosyl-enzyme intermediate. In the presence of DTT, the k(cat) values of p-cyanophenyl-beta-D-xylopyranoside and p-nitrophenyl-beta-D-xylopyranoside increased greatly. A two-step mechanism involving the formation and breakdown of the xylosyl-enzyme intermediate was therefore proposed. The rate-limiting step is the breakdown of the intermediate. The secondary deuterium kinetic isotope effect (k(H)/k(D)) measured for 2,4-dinitrophenyl-beta-D-xyloside was 1.02+/-0.01, suggesting that the transition state for breakdown of the xylosyl-enzyme intermediate is S(N)2-like.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y K Li
- Applied Chemistry Department, National Chiao Tung University, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan, 30050, Japan.
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Abstract
The biphasic effects of Pu-Chung-I-Chi-Tang (PCT) on sedation and excitation in acute treatment or after one-week consecutive treatment were studied. The results indicated that PCT produces sedation in acute treatment and excitation after one-week consecutive treatment. The sedative mechanism of PCT in acute treatment might be due to an increase in serotonergic activity and a decrease in dopaminergic activity. However, the excitatory mechanism of PCT after one-week consecutive treatment might involve the increase in dopaminergic activity and the decrease in serotonergic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M T Hsieh
- Institute of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Medical College, Taichung, Taiwan
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Horai S, Murayama K, Hayasaka K, Matsubayashi S, Hattori Y, Fucharoen G, Harihara S, Park KS, Omoto K, Pan IH. mtDNA polymorphism in East Asian Populations, with special reference to the peopling of Japan. Am J Hum Genet 1996; 59:579-90. [PMID: 8751859 PMCID: PMC1914908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Nucleotide sequences of the major noncoding (D-loop) region of human mtDNA from five East Asian populations including mainland Japanese, Ainu, Ryukyuans, Koreans, and Chinese were analyzed. On the basis of a comparison of 482-bp sequences in 293 East Asians, 207 different sequence types were observed. Of these, 189 were unique to their respective populations, whereas 18 were shared between two or three populations. Among the shared types, eight were found in common between the mainland Japanese and Koreans, which is the largest number in the comparison. The intergenic COII/tRNA(Lys) 9-bp deletion was observed in every East Asian population with varying frequencies. The D-loop sequence variation suggests that the deletion event occurred only once in the ancestry of East Asians. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that East Asian lineages were classified into at least 18 monophyletic clusters, though lineages from the five populations were completely intermingled in the phylogenetic tree. However, we assigned 14 of the 18 clusters for their specificity on the basis of the population from which the maximum number of individuals in each cluster was derived. Of note is the finding that 50% of the mainland Japanese had continental specificity in which Chinese or Koreans were dominant, while < 20% of either Ryukyuans or Ainu possessed continental specificity. Phylogenetic analysis of the entire human population revealed the closest genetic affinity between the mainland Japanese and Koreans. Thus, the results of this study are compatible with the hybridization model on the origin of modern Japanese. It is suggested that approximately 65% of the gene pool in mainland Japanese was derived from the continental gene flow after the Yayoi Age.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Horai
- Department of Human Genetics, National Institute of Genetics, Shizuoka, Japan.
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Umetsu K, Yuasa I, Harada A, Suzuki T, Pan IH, Ishida T, Saitou N, Horai S. Orosomucoid phenotyping with monoclonal antibodies:polymorphic occurrence of ORM1*Q0 in aboriginal Taiwanese populations. Hum Hered 1995; 45:181-5. [PMID: 7558048 DOI: 10.1159/000154286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Three monoclonal antibodies (OR35, OR40 and OR48) against orosomucoid (ORM) were prepared for the phenotyping of the human ORM system. The OR35 and OR48 antibodies recognized ORM1 and ORM2 products, respectively. OR40 reacted strongly to the products of ORM1 but poorly to those of ORM2. With the help of these monoclonal antibodies, ORM phenotyping was performed on 658 individuals from nine subpopulations of aboriginal Taiwanese, with close attention to two individuals with an ORM1 Q0 homozygous phenotype. The ORM1*Q0 allele was found to be at a polymorphic frequency in eight of the nine subpopulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Umetsu
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Japan
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Umetsu K, Yuasa I, Suzuki T, Sun CS, Pan IH, Ishida T, Saitou N, Horai S. Polymorphisms of complement component I and C1R subcomponent of C1 in nine aboriginal Taiwanese populations. Hum Biol 1994; 66:339-48. [PMID: 8194851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Complement component I (IF) and C1R subcomponent of C1 (C1R) types were determined by isoelectric focusing and subsequent immunoblotting techniques for 658 individuals from nine aboriginal Taiwanese populations. The frequency of the IF*A allele ranges from 0.075 (Bunun) to 0.430 (Saisiat), and a new variant allele IF*B2 was found to have polymorphic frequency in the Atayal. The frequency of the C1R*1 allele ranges from 0.410 (Yami) to 0.650 (Atayal), and the frequency of the C1R*2 allele ranges from 0.265 (Atayal) to 0.586 (Saisiat). The C1R*5 allele was found in five populations (Atayal, Bunun, Ami, Puyuma, Yami), and the C1R*9 allele was found in two populations (Tsou, Puyuma). The results indicate a remarkable degree of genetic variability among these populations. The variability may reflect long-term genetic and geographic isolation of each population.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Umetsu
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Japan
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Ishida T, Pan IH, Horai S, Saitou N, Sun CS. Seroepidemiological survey of human T-lymphotropic retrovirus among indigenous populations in Taiwan. Int J Epidemiol 1993; 22:927-30. [PMID: 7904260 DOI: 10.1093/ije/22.5.927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of human T-lymphotropic retrovirus (HTLV) was examined in Taiwan's indigenous populations. In all, 797 healthy subjects in Taiwan including Han Chinese and nine indigenous populations (Ami, Atayal, Bunun, Saisiat, Paiwan, Puyuma, Rukai, Tsuo, and Yami) were examined for the presence of antibodies to HTLV by particle agglutination, indirect immunofluorescence and Western blot test. Two seropositive cases were found in this screening. One Saisiat male and a Han Chinese female were seropositive for HTLV. The Western blot profile indicated the virus was type-1 HTLV.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Ishida
- Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Science, University of Tokyo, Japan
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Pan IH. Mode of synchronized DNA synthesis in the nuclei of Sendai virus-induced multinuclear cells. Taiwan Yi Xue Hui Za Zhi 1987; 86:332-4. [PMID: 3037005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Pan IH, Lin CY, Komoda H, Imai J, Hinuma Y. Seroepidemiology of adult T-cell leukemia virus infection and analysis of sero-positive cases in Taiwan. Proc Natl Sci Counc Repub China B 1986; 10:254-62. [PMID: 2882533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
For a seroepidemiologic study of adult T-cell leukemia virus (ATLV) infection in Taiwan, the gelatin particle agglutination technique and the indirect immunofluorescence method were used for anti-ATLV titration. Sporadic sero-positive cases were found all over the Taiwan districts except among the aborigines (0/947). Sero-positive rates ranged from 0 to 5.6% (except ATL family) and a total of 48 cases were found in 3682 Han-Chinese. Among them 9 cases were newly found in family surveys, and 39 cases were observed in random samples. As an average positive rate was 1.0%, by calculation about 80,000 sero-positive cases are supposed to be present in Taiwan. A most remarkable feature of the sero-positive cases was the high rate in couples. Various patterns of sero-positive cases existed in pedigrees. Anti-ATLV positive sera of Chinese living in Taiwan and Japanese were compared by immunoprecipitation and there was no difference between them. The possible infection route from Japan to Taiwan is discussed.
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Chang RS, Arnold D, Chang YY, Pan IH, Jordan GW. Relative sensitivity of cell culture systems in the detection of herpes simplex viruses. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 1986; 5:135-41. [PMID: 3013497 DOI: 10.1016/0732-8893(86)90115-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Guinea pig embryonic fibroblasts were more sensitive and McCoy and Hep-2 cells were less sensitive than human foreskin fibroblasts in parallel titrations of herpes simplex virus. No difference in sensitivity was found for five lines of human fetal lung fibroblasts (including WI-38 cells), two lines of human embryo fibroblasts, one line of human foreskin fibroblasts, cells from a human fetal kidney, amnion cells from a human placenta, the Chang liver cell, the HeLa cell, and a line of mink cells. The cell doubling level of human or guinea pig fibroblast lines did not affect their sensitivity. One hundred ninety-five clinical specimens submitted for herpes simplex virus isolations were tested in parallel in primary rabbit kidney, guinea pig embryo, and human fetal lung fibroblast cultures. The percentages of positive or false-negative cultures were essentially the same for the three types of cells.
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Pan IH, Chung CS, Komoda H, Imai J, Hinuma Y. Seroepidemiology of adult T-cell leukemia virus in Taiwan. Jpn J Cancer Res 1985; 76:9-11. [PMID: 2982690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
A survey of carriers of adult T-cell leukemia virus (ATLV) detected as anti-ATLV associated antigens was made in Taiwan. Among 2545 adults aged 30 years or more examined, seropositive donors amounted to 0.9% in the Han Chinese but none in the aborigines.
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Pan IH, Lin MM. Rate of drumstick formation and site of attachment in polymorphonuclear neutrophils of Chinese. Nihon Ketsueki Gakkai Zasshi 1980; 43:661-6. [PMID: 7223331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Pan IH, Wu CM, Wu CL. Appearance rate of fluorescent Y-body in healthy Chinese buccal epithelial cells and leukocytes with special reference to its value in sex determination. Taiwan Yi Xue Hui Za Zhi 1978; 77:666-72. [PMID: 281451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Chen JY, Wu CM, Pan IH. Detection of adenovirus antigens in Sendai virus-induced multinucleate cells by fluorescent antibody technic. Taiwan Yi Xue Hui Za Zhi 1976; 75:626-30. [PMID: 190337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Pan IH, Chen JY, Kao IY, Wei C, Chang RS. Quantitative study on leucine incorporation in multinucleate cells induced by Sendai virus. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1974; 147:453-5. [PMID: 4373759 DOI: 10.3181/00379727-147-38362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Pan IH, Chen JY. Quantitative study on RNA metabolism in mononucleate and Sendai virus-induced multinucleate cells. Taiwan Yi Xue Hui Za Zhi 1973; 72:129-34. [PMID: 4350085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Pan IH. Radioautographic study on activities of multinucleated cells induced by Sendai virus. Taiwan Yi Xue Hui Za Zhi 1972; 71:221-7. [PMID: 4338434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Chung ST, Pan IH. Oxygen uptake of virus-induced fused cells. Taiwan Yi Xue Hui Za Zhi 1970; 69:335-8. [PMID: 4319191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Pan IH, Hsu KH, Hwang MH, Lee CJ, Lin TY. Preparation and testing of anti-dog-lymphocyte serum. Taiwan Yi Xue Hui Za Zhi 1970; 69:327-34. [PMID: 5273023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Pan IH, Chang YY. Giant pleomorphic nuclei in the hamster-adenovirus tumor cell lines after treatment with HVJ. Gan 1969; 60:461-3. [PMID: 4310236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Pan IH. Formation of giant polynuclear cells in cell lines by HVJ virus. Taiwan Yi Xue Hui Za Zhi 1968; 67:31-7. [PMID: 4300474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Pan IH. Inhibitory action of 4-nitroquinoline-N-oxide on the permeation and assimilation of nucleoside into mammalian cells. Taiwan Yi Xue Hui Za Zhi 1967; 66:17-26. [PMID: 5238893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Abstract
Experiments designed to elucidate the nature of the "lipovirus" are described. The development of characteristic nuclear lesions in human cells in vitro depended on the presence of an ameboid cell in the inoculum. The spatial separation of the ameboid cells from the human cells by a membrane filter 150 micro in thickness was sufficient to prevent the development of nuclear lesions. Nuclear lesions appeared to be the primary change of the affected human cells. This development of nuclear lesions was partially suppressed by FUDR and the suppression was reversed by thymidine. Time-lapse microcinematography showed that a 30 min intermittent contact between an ameboid cell and a human cell resulted in the retraction of both progenies of the human cell after a lapse of about 36 hr. Other human cells not in contact with the ameboid cell remained polygonal and continued to divide. Radioautography of the ameboid cell revealed the presence in the cytoplasm of thymidine-containing DNAse-sensitive materials. The development of antigens related to the ameboid cell within the cytoplasm of the human cell is described in the accompanying report (4).
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Pan IH. Rapid detection of V. cholerae by fluorescent antibody technique. Taiwan Yi Xue Hui Za Zhi 1965; 64:313-7. [PMID: 5318459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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