1
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Meng Y, Davies KA, Fitzgibbon C, Young SN, Garnish SE, Horne CR, Luo C, Garnier JM, Liang LY, Cowan AD, Samson AL, Lessene G, Sandow JJ, Czabotar PE, Murphy JM. Human RIPK3 maintains MLKL in an inactive conformation prior to cell death by necroptosis. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6783. [PMID: 34811356 PMCID: PMC8608796 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27032-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The ancestral origins of the lytic cell death mode, necroptosis, lie in host defense. However, the dysregulation of necroptosis in inflammatory diseases has led to widespread interest in targeting the pathway therapeutically. This mode of cell death is executed by the terminal effector, the MLKL pseudokinase, which is licensed to kill following phosphorylation by its upstream regulator, RIPK3 kinase. The precise molecular details underlying MLKL activation are still emerging and, intriguingly, appear to mechanistically-diverge between species. Here, we report the structure of the human RIPK3 kinase domain alone and in complex with the MLKL pseudokinase. These structures reveal how human RIPK3 structurally differs from its mouse counterpart, and how human RIPK3 maintains MLKL in an inactive conformation prior to induction of necroptosis. Residues within the RIPK3:MLKL C-lobe interface are crucial to complex assembly and necroptotic signaling in human cells, thereby rationalizing the strict species specificity governing RIPK3 activation of MLKL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxiang Meng
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Katherine A Davies
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Cheree Fitzgibbon
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Samuel N Young
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Sarah E Garnish
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Christopher R Horne
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Cindy Luo
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Jean-Marc Garnier
- SYNthesis med chem, 30 Flemington Rd, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Lung-Yu Liang
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Angus D Cowan
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Andre L Samson
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Guillaume Lessene
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Jarrod J Sandow
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Peter E Czabotar
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.
| | - James M Murphy
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.
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2
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SMCHD1's ubiquitin-like domain is required for N-terminal dimerization and chromatin localization. Biochem J 2021; 478:2555-2569. [PMID: 34109974 PMCID: PMC8286825 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20210278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Structural maintenance of chromosomes flexible hinge domain-containing 1 (SMCHD1) is an epigenetic regulator that mediates gene expression silencing at targeted sites across the genome. Our current understanding of SMCHD1's molecular mechanism, and how substitutions within SMCHD1 lead to the diseases, facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) and Bosma arhinia microphthalmia syndrome (BAMS), are only emerging. Recent structural studies of its two component domains - the N-terminal ATPase and C-terminal SMC hinge - suggest that dimerization of each domain plays a central role in SMCHD1 function. Here, using biophysical techniques, we demonstrate that the SMCHD1 ATPase undergoes dimerization in a process that is dependent on both the N-terminal UBL (Ubiquitin-like) domain and ATP binding. We show that neither the dimerization event, nor the presence of a C-terminal extension past the transducer domain, affect SMCHD1's in vitro catalytic activity as the rate of ATP turnover remains comparable to the monomeric protein. We further examined the functional importance of the N-terminal UBL domain in cells, revealing that its targeted deletion disrupts the localization of full-length SMCHD1 to chromatin. These findings implicate UBL-mediated SMCHD1 dimerization as a crucial step for chromatin interaction, and thereby for promoting SMCHD1-mediated gene silencing.
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3
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Pérez-Mejías G, Velázquez-Cruz A, Guerra-Castellano A, Baños-Jaime B, Díaz-Quintana A, González-Arzola K, Ángel De la Rosa M, Díaz-Moreno I. Exploring protein phosphorylation by combining computational approaches and biochemical methods. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2020; 18:1852-1863. [PMID: 32728408 PMCID: PMC7369424 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2020.06.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-translational modifications of proteins expand their functional diversity, regulating the response of cells to a variety of stimuli. Among these modifications, phosphorylation is the most ubiquitous and plays a prominent role in cell signaling. The addition of a phosphate often affects the function of a protein by altering its structure and dynamics. However, these alterations are often difficult to study and the functional and structural implications remain unresolved. New approaches are emerging to overcome common obstacles related to the production and manipulation of these samples. Here, we summarize the available methods for phosphoprotein purification and phosphomimetic engineering, highlighting the advantages and disadvantages of each. We propose a general workflow for protein phosphorylation analysis combining computational and biochemical approaches, building on recent advances that enable user-friendly and easy-to-access Molecular Dynamics simulations. We hope this innovative workflow will inform the best experimental approach to explore such post-translational modifications. We have applied this workflow to two different human protein models: the hemeprotein cytochrome c and the RNA binding protein HuR. Our results illustrate the usefulness of Molecular Dynamics as a decision-making tool to design the most appropriate phosphomimetic variant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo Pérez-Mejías
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Isla de la Cartuja (cicCartuja), Universidad de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Avda., Américo Vespucio 49, Sevilla 41092, Spain
| | - Alejandro Velázquez-Cruz
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Isla de la Cartuja (cicCartuja), Universidad de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Avda., Américo Vespucio 49, Sevilla 41092, Spain
| | - Alejandra Guerra-Castellano
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Isla de la Cartuja (cicCartuja), Universidad de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Avda., Américo Vespucio 49, Sevilla 41092, Spain
| | - Blanca Baños-Jaime
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Isla de la Cartuja (cicCartuja), Universidad de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Avda., Américo Vespucio 49, Sevilla 41092, Spain
| | - Antonio Díaz-Quintana
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Isla de la Cartuja (cicCartuja), Universidad de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Avda., Américo Vespucio 49, Sevilla 41092, Spain
| | - Katiuska González-Arzola
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Isla de la Cartuja (cicCartuja), Universidad de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Avda., Américo Vespucio 49, Sevilla 41092, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel De la Rosa
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Isla de la Cartuja (cicCartuja), Universidad de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Avda., Américo Vespucio 49, Sevilla 41092, Spain
| | - Irene Díaz-Moreno
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Isla de la Cartuja (cicCartuja), Universidad de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Avda., Américo Vespucio 49, Sevilla 41092, Spain
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4
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McNamara DE, Dovey CM, Hale AT, Quarato G, Grace CR, Guibao CD, Diep J, Nourse A, Cai CR, Wu H, Kalathur RC, Green DR, York JD, Carette JE, Moldoveanu T. Direct Activation of Human MLKL by a Select Repertoire of Inositol Phosphate Metabolites. Cell Chem Biol 2019; 26:863-877.e7. [PMID: 31031142 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2019.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Necroptosis is an inflammatory form of programmed cell death executed through plasma membrane rupture by the pseudokinase mixed lineage kinase domain-like (MLKL). We previously showed that MLKL activation requires metabolites of the inositol phosphate (IP) pathway. Here we reveal that I(1,3,4,6)P4, I(1,3,4,5,6)P5, and IP6 promote membrane permeabilization by MLKL through directly binding the N-terminal executioner domain (NED) and dissociating its auto-inhibitory region. We show that IP6 and inositol pentakisphosphate 2-kinase (IPPK) are required for necroptosis as IPPK deletion ablated IP6 production and inhibited necroptosis. The NED auto-inhibitory region is more extensive than originally described and single amino acid substitutions along this region induce spontaneous necroptosis by MLKL. Activating IPs bind three sites with affinity of 100-600 μM to destabilize contacts between the auto-inhibitory region and NED, thereby promoting MLKL activation. We therefore uncover MLKL's activating switch in NED triggered by a select repertoire of IP metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan E McNamara
- Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA; Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Cole M Dovey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Andrew T Hale
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Giovanni Quarato
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Christy R Grace
- Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Cristina D Guibao
- Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA; Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Jonathan Diep
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Amanda Nourse
- Molecular Interaction Analysis Shared Resource, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Casey R Cai
- Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA; Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Hong Wu
- Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Ravi C Kalathur
- Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Douglas R Green
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - John D York
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Jan E Carette
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| | - Tudor Moldoveanu
- Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA; Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA.
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5
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Gurzau AD, Chen K, Xue S, Dai W, Lucet IS, Ly TTN, Reversade B, Blewitt ME, Murphy JM. FSHD2- and BAMS-associated mutations confer opposing effects on SMCHD1 function. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:9841-9853. [PMID: 29748383 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.003104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Structural maintenance of chromosomes flexible hinge domain-containing 1 (Smchd1) plays important roles in epigenetic silencing and normal mammalian development. Recently, heterozygous mutations in SMCHD1 have been reported in two disparate disorders: facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy type 2 (FSHD2) and Bosma arhinia microphthalmia syndrome (BAMS). FSHD2-associated mutations lead to loss of function; however, whether BAMS is associated with loss- or gain-of-function mutations in SMCHD1 is unclear. Here, we have assessed the effect of SMCHD1 missense mutations from FSHD2 and BAMS patients on ATP hydrolysis activity and protein conformation and the effect of BAMS mutations on craniofacial development in a Xenopus model. These data demonstrated that FSHD2 mutations only result in decreased ATP hydrolysis, whereas many BAMS mutations can result in elevated ATPase activity and decreased eye size in Xenopus Interestingly, a mutation reported in both an FSHD2 patient and a BAMS patient results in increased ATPase activity and a smaller Xenopus eye size. Mutations in the extended ATPase domain increased catalytic activity, suggesting critical regulatory intramolecular interactions and the possibility of targeting this region therapeutically to boost SMCHD1's activity to counter FSHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra D Gurzau
- From the Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.,the Departments of Medical Biology and
| | - Kelan Chen
- From the Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.,the Departments of Medical Biology and
| | - Shifeng Xue
- the Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology and.,Human Genetics and Embryology Laboratory, Institute of Medical Biology, A*STAR, Singapore
| | - Weiwen Dai
- From the Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Isabelle S Lucet
- From the Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.,the Departments of Medical Biology and
| | - Thanh Thao Nguyen Ly
- the Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology and.,Human Genetics and Embryology Laboratory, Institute of Medical Biology, A*STAR, Singapore
| | - Bruno Reversade
- the Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology and.,Human Genetics and Embryology Laboratory, Institute of Medical Biology, A*STAR, Singapore.,the Department of Medical Genetics, Koç University School of Medicine (KUSoM), 34450 Sarıyer/Istanbul, Turkey.,the Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, and.,Amsterdam Reproduction and Development, Academic Medical Centre and VU University Medical Center, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marnie E Blewitt
- From the Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia, .,the Departments of Medical Biology and.,Genetics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - James M Murphy
- From the Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia, .,the Departments of Medical Biology and
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6
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Liau NPD, Laktyushin A, Lucet IS, Murphy JM, Yao S, Whitlock E, Callaghan K, Nicola NA, Kershaw NJ, Babon JJ. The molecular basis of JAK/STAT inhibition by SOCS1. Nat Commun 2018. [PMID: 29674694 DOI: 10.1038/s41467‐018‐04013‐1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The SOCS family of proteins are negative-feedback inhibitors of signalling induced by cytokines that act via the JAK/STAT pathway. SOCS proteins can act as ubiquitin ligases by recruiting Cullin5 to ubiquitinate signalling components; however, SOCS1, the most potent member of the family, can also inhibit JAK directly. Here we determine the structural basis of both these modes of inhibition. Due to alterations within the SOCS box domain, SOCS1 has a compromised ability to recruit Cullin5; however, it is a direct, potent and selective inhibitor of JAK catalytic activity. The kinase inhibitory region of SOCS1 targets the substrate binding groove of JAK with high specificity and thereby blocks any subsequent phosphorylation. SOCS1 is a potent inhibitor of the interferon gamma (IFNγ) pathway, however, it does not bind the IFNγ receptor, making its mode-of-action distinct from SOCS3. These findings reveal the mechanism used by SOCS1 to inhibit signalling by inflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas P D Liau
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.,The University of Melbourne, Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3050, Australia
| | - Artem Laktyushin
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.,The University of Melbourne, Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3050, Australia
| | - Isabelle S Lucet
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.,The University of Melbourne, Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3050, Australia
| | - James M Murphy
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.,The University of Melbourne, Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3050, Australia
| | - Shenggen Yao
- The University of Melbourne, Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3050, Australia
| | - Eden Whitlock
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.,The University of Melbourne, Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3050, Australia
| | - Kimberley Callaghan
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.,The University of Melbourne, Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3050, Australia
| | - Nicos A Nicola
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.,The University of Melbourne, Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3050, Australia
| | - Nadia J Kershaw
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia. .,The University of Melbourne, Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3050, Australia.
| | - Jeffrey J Babon
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia. .,The University of Melbourne, Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3050, Australia.
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7
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Liau NPD, Laktyushin A, Lucet IS, Murphy JM, Yao S, Whitlock E, Callaghan K, Nicola NA, Kershaw NJ, Babon JJ. The molecular basis of JAK/STAT inhibition by SOCS1. Nat Commun 2018; 9:1558. [PMID: 29674694 PMCID: PMC5908791 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04013-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 252] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The SOCS family of proteins are negative-feedback inhibitors of signalling induced by cytokines that act via the JAK/STAT pathway. SOCS proteins can act as ubiquitin ligases by recruiting Cullin5 to ubiquitinate signalling components; however, SOCS1, the most potent member of the family, can also inhibit JAK directly. Here we determine the structural basis of both these modes of inhibition. Due to alterations within the SOCS box domain, SOCS1 has a compromised ability to recruit Cullin5; however, it is a direct, potent and selective inhibitor of JAK catalytic activity. The kinase inhibitory region of SOCS1 targets the substrate binding groove of JAK with high specificity and thereby blocks any subsequent phosphorylation. SOCS1 is a potent inhibitor of the interferon gamma (IFNγ) pathway, however, it does not bind the IFNγ receptor, making its mode-of-action distinct from SOCS3. These findings reveal the mechanism used by SOCS1 to inhibit signalling by inflammatory cytokines. Cytokines are key molecules in controlling haematopoiesis that signal via the JAK/STAT pathway. Here the authors present the structures of SOCS1 bound to its JAK1 target as well as in complex with elonginB and elonginC, providing a molecular explanation for the potent JAK- inhibitory activity of SOCS1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas P D Liau
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.,The University of Melbourne, Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3050, Australia
| | - Artem Laktyushin
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.,The University of Melbourne, Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3050, Australia
| | - Isabelle S Lucet
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.,The University of Melbourne, Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3050, Australia
| | - James M Murphy
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.,The University of Melbourne, Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3050, Australia
| | - Shenggen Yao
- The University of Melbourne, Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3050, Australia
| | - Eden Whitlock
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.,The University of Melbourne, Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3050, Australia
| | - Kimberley Callaghan
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.,The University of Melbourne, Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3050, Australia
| | - Nicos A Nicola
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.,The University of Melbourne, Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3050, Australia
| | - Nadia J Kershaw
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia. .,The University of Melbourne, Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3050, Australia.
| | - Jeffrey J Babon
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia. .,The University of Melbourne, Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3050, Australia.
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8
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Tovar C, Pye RJ, Kreiss A, Cheng Y, Brown GK, Darby J, Malley RC, Siddle HVT, Skjødt K, Kaufman J, Silva A, Baz Morelli A, Papenfuss AT, Corcoran LM, Murphy JM, Pearse MJ, Belov K, Lyons AB, Woods GM. Regression of devil facial tumour disease following immunotherapy in immunised Tasmanian devils. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43827. [PMID: 28276463 PMCID: PMC5343465 DOI: 10.1038/srep43827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Devil facial tumour disease (DFTD) is a transmissible cancer devastating the Tasmanian devil (Sarcophilus harrisii) population. The cancer cell is the ‘infectious’ agent transmitted as an allograft by biting. Animals usually die within a few months with no evidence of antibody or immune cell responses against the DFTD allograft. This lack of anti-tumour immunity is attributed to an absence of cell surface major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-I molecule expression. While the endangerment of the devil population precludes experimentation on large experimental groups, those examined in our study indicated that immunisation and immunotherapy with DFTD cells expressing surface MHC-I corresponded with effective anti-tumour responses. Tumour engraftment did not occur in one of the five immunised Tasmanian devils, and regression followed therapy of experimentally induced DFTD tumours in three Tasmanian devils. Regression correlated with immune cell infiltration and antibody responses against DFTD cells. These data support the concept that immunisation of devils with DFTD cancer cells can successfully induce humoral responses against DFTD and trigger immune-mediated regression of established tumours. Our findings support the feasibility of a protective DFTD vaccine and ultimately the preservation of the species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesar Tovar
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7000, Australia
| | - Ruth J Pye
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7000, Australia
| | - Alexandre Kreiss
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7000, Australia
| | - Yuanyuan Cheng
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Gabriella K Brown
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7000, Australia.,Department of Health and Human Services, Hobart, Tasmania 7000, Australia
| | - Jocelyn Darby
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7000, Australia
| | - Roslyn C Malley
- School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7000, Australia.,Royal Hobart Hospital, Hobart, Tasmania 7000, Australia
| | - Hannah V T Siddle
- Centre for Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Karsten Skjødt
- Department of Cancer and Inflammation, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense C, Denmark
| | - Jim Kaufman
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QP, United Kingdom
| | - Anabel Silva
- CSL Ltd., Bio21 Institute, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | | | - Anthony T Papenfuss
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Lynn M Corcoran
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - James M Murphy
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Martin J Pearse
- CSL Ltd., Bio21 Institute, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Katherine Belov
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - A Bruce Lyons
- School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7000, Australia
| | - Gregory M Woods
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7000, Australia.,School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7000, Australia
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9
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Günther C, He GW, Kremer AE, Murphy JM, Petrie EJ, Amann K, Vandenabeele P, Linkermann A, Poremba C, Schleicher U, Dewitz C, Krautwald S, Neurath MF, Becker C, Wirtz S. The pseudokinase MLKL mediates programmed hepatocellular necrosis independently of RIPK3 during hepatitis. J Clin Invest 2016; 126:4346-4360. [PMID: 27756058 DOI: 10.1172/jci87545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Although necrosis and necroinflammation are central features of many liver diseases, the role of programmed necrosis in the context of inflammation-dependent hepatocellular death remains to be fully determined. Here, we have demonstrated that the pseudokinase mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein (MLKL), which plays a key role in the execution of receptor-interacting protein (RIP) kinase-dependent necroptosis, is upregulated and activated in human autoimmune hepatitis and in a murine model of inflammation-dependent hepatitis. Using genetic and pharmacologic approaches, we determined that hepatocellular necrosis in experimental hepatitis is driven by an MLKL-dependent pathway that occurs independently of RIPK3. Moreover, we have provided evidence that the cytotoxic activity of the proinflammatory cytokine IFN-γ in hepatic inflammation is strongly connected to induction of MLKL expression via activation of the transcription factor STAT1. In summary, our results reveal a pathway for MLKL-dependent programmed necrosis that is executed in the absence of RIPK3 and potentially drives the pathogenesis of severe liver diseases.
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10
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Delconte RB, Kolesnik TB, Dagley LF, Rautela J, Shi W, Putz EM, Stannard K, Zhang JG, Teh C, Firth M, Ushiki T, Andoniou CE, Degli-Esposti MA, Sharp PP, Sanvitale CE, Infusini G, Liau NPD, Linossi EM, Burns CJ, Carotta S, Gray DHD, Seillet C, Hutchinson DS, Belz GT, Webb AI, Alexander WS, Li SS, Bullock AN, Babon JJ, Smyth MJ, Nicholson SE, Huntington ND. CIS is a potent checkpoint in NK cell-mediated tumor immunity. Nat Immunol 2016; 17:816-24. [PMID: 27213690 DOI: 10.1038/ni.3470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 255] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The detection of aberrant cells by natural killer (NK) cells is controlled by the integration of signals from activating and inhibitory ligands and from cytokines such as IL-15. We identified cytokine-inducible SH2-containing protein (CIS, encoded by Cish) as a critical negative regulator of IL-15 signaling in NK cells. Cish was rapidly induced in response to IL-15, and deletion of Cish rendered NK cells hypersensitive to IL-15, as evidenced by enhanced proliferation, survival, IFN-γ production and cytotoxicity toward tumors. This was associated with increased JAK-STAT signaling in NK cells in which Cish was deleted. Correspondingly, CIS interacted with the tyrosine kinase JAK1, inhibiting its enzymatic activity and targeting JAK for proteasomal degradation. Cish(-/-) mice were resistant to melanoma, prostate and breast cancer metastasis in vivo, and this was intrinsic to NK cell activity. Our data uncover a potent intracellular checkpoint in NK cell-mediated tumor immunity and suggest possibilities for new cancer immunotherapies directed at blocking CIS function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca B Delconte
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tatiana B Kolesnik
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Laura F Dagley
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jai Rautela
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Wei Shi
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Eva M Putz
- Immunology in Cancer and Infection Laboratory QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kimberley Stannard
- Immunology in Cancer and Infection Laboratory QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jian-Guo Zhang
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Charis Teh
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Matt Firth
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Takashi Ushiki
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christopher E Andoniou
- Immunology and Virology Program, Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, The University of Western Australia and Centre for Experimental Immunology, Lions Eye Institute, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Mariapia A Degli-Esposti
- Immunology and Virology Program, Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, The University of Western Australia and Centre for Experimental Immunology, Lions Eye Institute, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Phillip P Sharp
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Giuseppe Infusini
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nicholas P D Liau
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Edmond M Linossi
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christopher J Burns
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sebastian Carotta
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Daniel H D Gray
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Cyril Seillet
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Dana S Hutchinson
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gabrielle T Belz
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew I Webb
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Warren S Alexander
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Shawn S Li
- Department of Biochemistry and the Siebens-Drake Medical Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alex N Bullock
- Structural Genomics Consortium (SGC), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jeffery J Babon
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mark J Smyth
- Immunology in Cancer and Infection Laboratory QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Sandra E Nicholson
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nicholas D Huntington
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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11
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Mitogen-activated Tasmanian devil blood mononuclear cells kill devil facial tumour disease cells. Immunol Cell Biol 2016; 94:673-9. [PMID: 27089941 DOI: 10.1038/icb.2016.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Revised: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Devil facial tumour disease (DFTD) is a transmissible cancer that has brought the host species, the Tasmanian devil, to the brink of extinction. The cancer cells avoid allogeneic immune recognition by downregulating cell surface major histocompatibility complex (MHC) I expression. This should prevent CD8(+) T cell, but not natural killer (NK) cell, cytotoxicity. The reason why NK cells, normally reactive to MHC-negative cells, are not activated to kill DFTD cells has not been determined. The immune response of wild devils to DFTD, if it occurs, is uncharacterised. To investigate this, we tested 12 wild devils with DFTD, and found suggestive evidence of low levels of antibodies against DFTD cells in one devil. Eight of these devils were also analysed for cytotoxicity, however, none showed evidence for cytotoxicity against cultured DFTD cells. To establish whether mimicking activation of antitumour responses could induce cytotoxic activity against DFTD, Tasmanian devil peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were treated with either the mitogen Concanavalin A, the Toll-like receptor agonist polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid or recombinant Tasmanian devil IL-2. All induced the PBMC cells to kill cultured DFTD cells, suggesting that activation does not occur after encounter with DFTD cells in vivo, but can be induced. The identification of agents that activate cytotoxicity against DFTD target cells is critical for developing strategies to protect against DFTD. Such agents could function as adjuvants to induce functional immune responses capable of targeting DFTD cells and tumours in vivo.
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12
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Genome-wide binding and mechanistic analyses of Smchd1-mediated epigenetic regulation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:E3535-44. [PMID: 26091879 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1504232112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Structural maintenance of chromosomes flexible hinge domain containing 1 (Smchd1) is an epigenetic repressor with described roles in X inactivation and genomic imprinting, but Smchd1 is also critically involved in the pathogenesis of facioscapulohumeral dystrophy. The underlying molecular mechanism by which Smchd1 functions in these instances remains unknown. Our genome-wide transcriptional and epigenetic analyses show that Smchd1 binds cis-regulatory elements, many of which coincide with CCCTC-binding factor (Ctcf) binding sites, for example, the clustered protocadherin (Pcdh) genes, where we show Smchd1 and Ctcf act in opposing ways. We provide biochemical and biophysical evidence that Smchd1-chromatin interactions are established through the homodimeric hinge domain of Smchd1 and, intriguingly, that the hinge domain also has the capacity to bind DNA and RNA. Our results suggest Smchd1 imparts epigenetic regulation via physical association with chromatin, which may antagonize Ctcf-facilitated chromatin interactions, resulting in coordinated transcriptional control.
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13
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RIPK1- and RIPK3-induced cell death mode is determined by target availability. Cell Death Differ 2014; 21:1600-12. [PMID: 24902899 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2014.70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2013] [Revised: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Both receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1) and RIPK3 can signal cell death following death receptor ligation. To study the requirements for RIPK-triggered cell death in the absence of death receptor signaling, we engineered inducible versions of RIPK1 and RIPK3 that can be activated by dimerization with the antibiotic coumermycin. In the absence of TNF or other death ligands, expression and dimerization of RIPK1 was sufficient to cause cell death by caspase- or RIPK3-dependent mechanisms. Dimerized RIPK3 induced cell death by an MLKL-dependent mechanism but, surprisingly, also induced death mediated by FADD, caspase 8 and RIPK1. Catalytically active RIPK3 kinase domains were essential for MLKL-dependent but not for caspase 8-dependent death. When RIPK1 or RIPK3 proteins were dimerized, the mode of cell death was determined by the availability of downstream molecules such as FADD, caspase 8 and MLKL. These observations imply that rather than a 'switch' operating between the two modes of cell death, the final mechanism depends on levels of the respective signaling and effector proteins.
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14
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Varghese LN, Ungureanu D, Liau NPD, Young SN, Laktyushin A, Hammaren H, Lucet IS, Nicola NA, Silvennoinen O, Babon JJ, Murphy JM. Mechanistic insights into activation and SOCS3-mediated inhibition of myeloproliferative neoplasm-associated JAK2 mutants from biochemical and structural analyses. Biochem J 2014; 458:395-405. [PMID: 24354892 PMCID: PMC4085142 DOI: 10.1042/bj20131516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
JAK2 (Janus kinase 2) initiates the intracellular signalling cascade downstream of cell surface receptor activation by cognate haemopoietic cytokines, including erythropoietin and thrombopoietin. The pseudokinase domain (JH2) of JAK2 negatively regulates the catalytic activity of the adjacent tyrosine kinase domain (JH1) and mutations within the pseudokinase domain underlie human myeloproliferative neoplasms, including polycythaemia vera and essential thrombocytosis. To date, the mechanism of JH2-mediated inhibition of JH1 kinase activation as well as the susceptibility of pathological mutant JAK2 to inhibition by the physiological negative regulator SOCS3 (suppressor of cytokine signalling 3) have remained unclear. In the present study, using recombinant purified JAK2JH1-JH2 proteins, we demonstrate that, when activated, wild-type and myeloproliferative neoplasm-associated mutants of JAK2 exhibit comparable enzymatic activity and inhibition by SOCS3 in in vitro kinase assays. SAXS (small-angle X-ray scattering) showed that JAK2JH1-JH2 exists in an elongated configuration in solution with no evidence for interaction between JH1 and JH2 domains in cis. Collectively, these data are consistent with a model in which JAK2's pseudokinase domain does not influence the activity of JAK2 once it has been activated. Our data indicate that, in the absence of the N-terminal FERM domain and thus cytokine receptor association, the wild-type and pathological mutants of JAK2 are enzymatically equivalent and equally susceptible to inhibition by SOCS3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila N. Varghese
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia
| | - Daniela Ungureanu
- School of Medicine, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere 33014, Finland
| | - Nicholas P. D. Liau
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia
| | - Samuel N. Young
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Artem Laktyushin
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Henrik Hammaren
- School of Medicine, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere 33014, Finland
| | - Isabelle S. Lucet
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Nicos A. Nicola
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia
| | - Olli Silvennoinen
- School of Medicine, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere 33014, Finland
| | - Jeffrey J. Babon
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia
| | - James M. Murphy
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia
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15
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A robust methodology to subclassify pseudokinases based on their nucleotide-binding properties. Biochem J 2014; 457:323-34. [PMID: 24107129 DOI: 10.1042/bj20131174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Protein kinase-like domains that lack conserved residues known to catalyse phosphoryl transfer, termed pseudokinases, have emerged as important signalling domains across all kingdoms of life. Although predicted to function principally as catalysis-independent protein-interaction modules, several pseudokinase domains have been attributed unexpected catalytic functions, often amid controversy. We established a thermal-shift assay as a benchmark technique to define the nucleotide-binding properties of kinase-like domains. Unlike in vitro kinase assays, this assay is insensitive to the presence of minor quantities of contaminating kinases that may otherwise lead to incorrect attribution of catalytic functions to pseudokinases. We demonstrated the utility of this method by classifying 31 diverse pseudokinase domains into four groups: devoid of detectable nucleotide or cation binding; cation-independent nucleotide binding; cation binding; and nucleotide binding enhanced by cations. Whereas nine pseudokinases bound ATP in a divalent cation-dependent manner, over half of those examined did not detectably bind nucleotides, illustrating that pseudokinase domains predominantly function as non-catalytic protein-interaction modules within signalling networks and that only a small subset is potentially catalytically active. We propose that henceforth the thermal-shift assay be adopted as the standard technique for establishing the nucleotide-binding and catalytic potential of kinase-like domains.
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16
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Linossi EM, Chandrashekaran IR, Kolesnik TB, Murphy JM, Webb AI, Willson TA, Kedzierski L, Bullock AN, Babon JJ, Norton RS, Nicola NA, Nicholson SE. Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling (SOCS) 5 utilises distinct domains for regulation of JAK1 and interaction with the adaptor protein Shc-1. PLoS One 2013; 8:e70536. [PMID: 23990909 PMCID: PMC3749136 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0070536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2013] [Accepted: 06/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling (SOCS)5 is thought to act as a tumour suppressor through negative regulation of JAK/STAT and epidermal growth factor (EGF) signaling. However, the mechanism/s by which SOCS5 acts on these two distinct pathways is unclear. We show for the first time that SOCS5 can interact directly with JAK via a unique, conserved region in its N-terminus, which we have termed the JAK interaction region (JIR). Co-expression of SOCS5 was able to specifically reduce JAK1 and JAK2 (but not JAK3 or TYK2) autophosphorylation and this function required both the conserved JIR and additional sequences within the long SOCS5 N-terminal region. We further demonstrate that SOCS5 can directly inhibit JAK1 kinase activity, although its mechanism of action appears distinct from that of SOCS1 and SOCS3. In addition, we identify phosphoTyr317 in Shc-1 as a high-affinity substrate for the SOCS5-SH2 domain and suggest that SOCS5 may negatively regulate EGF and growth factor-driven Shc-1 signaling by binding to this site. These findings suggest that different domains in SOCS5 contribute to two distinct mechanisms for regulation of cytokine and growth factor signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edmond M. Linossi
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Indu R. Chandrashekaran
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tatiana B. Kolesnik
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - James M. Murphy
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew I. Webb
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tracy A. Willson
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lukasz Kedzierski
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alex N. Bullock
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jeffrey J. Babon
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Raymond S. Norton
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nicos A. Nicola
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sandra E. Nicholson
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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