1
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Liang LY, Geoghegan ND, Mlodzianoski M, Leis A, Whitehead LW, Surudoi MG, Young SN, Janes P, Shepherd D, Ghosal D, Rogers KL, Murphy JM, Lucet IS. Co-clustering of EphB6 and ephrinB1 in trans restrains cancer cell invasion. Commun Biol 2024; 7:461. [PMID: 38627519 PMCID: PMC11021433 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06118-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
EphB6 is an understudied ephrin receptor tyrosine pseudokinase that is downregulated in multiple types of metastatic cancers. Unlike its kinase-active counterparts which autophosphorylate and transmit signals upon intercellular interaction, little is known about how EphB6 functions in the absence of intrinsic kinase activity. Here, we unveil a molecular mechanism of cell-cell interaction driven by EphB6. We identify ephrinB1 as a cognate ligand of EphB6 and show that in trans interaction of EphB6 with ephrinB1 on neighboring cells leads to the formation of large co-clusters at the plasma membrane. These co-clusters exhibit a decreased propensity towards endocytosis, suggesting a unique characteristic for this type of cell-cell interaction. Using lattice light-sheet microscopy, 3D structured illumination microscopy and cryo-electron tomography techniques, we show that co-clustering of EphB6 and ephrinB1 promotes the formation of double-membrane tubular structures between cells. Importantly, we also demonstrate that these intercellular structures stabilize cell-cell adhesion, leading to a reduction in the invasive behavior of cancer cells. Our findings rationalize a role for EphB6 pseudokinase as a tumor suppressor when interacting with its ligands in trans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lung-Yu Liang
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute for Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Niall D Geoghegan
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute for Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Michael Mlodzianoski
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute for Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Andrew Leis
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute for Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Lachlan W Whitehead
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute for Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Minglyanna G Surudoi
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute for Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Samuel N Young
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute for Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Peter Janes
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute and La Trobe School of Cancer Medicine, Level 5, ONJ Centre, 145 Studley Rd, Heidelberg, VIC, 3084, Australia
| | - Doulin Shepherd
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Debnath Ghosal
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- ARC Centre for Cryo-electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Kelly L Rogers
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute for Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - James M Murphy
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute for Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.
| | - Isabelle S Lucet
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute for Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.
- ARC Centre for Cryo-electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.
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2
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Meng Y, Garnish SE, Davies KA, Black KA, Leis AP, Horne CR, Hildebrand JM, Hoblos H, Fitzgibbon C, Young SN, Dite T, Dagley LF, Venkat A, Kannan N, Koide A, Koide S, Glukhova A, Czabotar PE, Murphy JM. Phosphorylation-dependent pseudokinase domain dimerization drives full-length MLKL oligomerization. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6804. [PMID: 37884510 PMCID: PMC10603135 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42255-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The necroptosis pathway is a lytic, pro-inflammatory mode of cell death that is widely implicated in human disease, including renal, pulmonary, gut and skin inflammatory pathologies. The precise mechanism of the terminal steps in the pathway, where the RIPK3 kinase phosphorylates and triggers a conformation change and oligomerization of the terminal pathway effector, MLKL, are only emerging. Here, we structurally identify RIPK3-mediated phosphorylation of the human MLKL activation loop as a cue for MLKL pseudokinase domain dimerization. MLKL pseudokinase domain dimerization subsequently drives formation of elongated homotetramers. Negative stain electron microscopy and modelling support nucleation of the MLKL tetramer assembly by a central coiled coil formed by the extended, ~80 Å brace helix that connects the pseudokinase and executioner four-helix bundle domains. Mutational data assert MLKL tetramerization as an essential prerequisite step to enable the release and reorganization of four-helix bundle domains for membrane permeabilization and cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxiang Meng
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Sarah E Garnish
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Katherine A Davies
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Katrina A Black
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Andrew P Leis
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Christopher R Horne
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Joanne M Hildebrand
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Hanadi Hoblos
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Cheree Fitzgibbon
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Samuel N Young
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Toby Dite
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Laura F Dagley
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Aarya Venkat
- Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Natarajan Kannan
- Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Akiko Koide
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, 10016, USA
- Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Shohei Koide
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, 10016, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Alisa Glukhova
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Peter E Czabotar
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.
| | - James M Murphy
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.
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3
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Garnish SE, Martin KR, Kauppi M, Jackson VE, Ambrose R, Eng VV, Chiou S, Meng Y, Frank D, Tovey Crutchfield EC, Patel KM, Jacobsen AV, Atkin-Smith GK, Di Rago L, Doerflinger M, Horne CR, Hall C, Young SN, Cook M, Athanasopoulos V, Vinuesa CG, Lawlor KE, Wicks IP, Ebert G, Ng AP, Slade CA, Pearson JS, Samson AL, Silke J, Murphy JM, Hildebrand JM. A common human MLKL polymorphism confers resistance to negative regulation by phosphorylation. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6046. [PMID: 37770424 PMCID: PMC10539340 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41724-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Across the globe, 2-3% of humans carry the p.Ser132Pro single nucleotide polymorphism in MLKL, the terminal effector protein of the inflammatory form of programmed cell death, necroptosis. Here we show that this substitution confers a gain in necroptotic function in human cells, with more rapid accumulation of activated MLKLS132P in biological membranes and MLKLS132P overriding pharmacological and endogenous inhibition of MLKL. In mouse cells, the equivalent Mlkl S131P mutation confers a gene dosage dependent reduction in sensitivity to TNF-induced necroptosis in both hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic cells, but enhanced sensitivity to IFN-β induced death in non-hematopoietic cells. In vivo, MlklS131P homozygosity reduces the capacity to clear Salmonella from major organs and retards recovery of hematopoietic stem cells. Thus, by dysregulating necroptosis, the S131P substitution impairs the return to homeostasis after systemic challenge. Present day carriers of the MLKL S132P polymorphism may be the key to understanding how MLKL and necroptosis modulate the progression of complex polygenic human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Garnish
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- University of Melbourne, Department of Medical Biology, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Katherine R Martin
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- University of Melbourne, Department of Medical Biology, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Maria Kauppi
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- University of Melbourne, Department of Medical Biology, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Victoria E Jackson
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- University of Melbourne, Department of Medical Biology, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Rebecca Ambrose
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Vik Ven Eng
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Shene Chiou
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- University of Melbourne, Department of Medical Biology, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Yanxiang Meng
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- University of Melbourne, Department of Medical Biology, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Daniel Frank
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Emma C Tovey Crutchfield
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- University of Melbourne, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Komal M Patel
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Annette V Jacobsen
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- University of Melbourne, Department of Medical Biology, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Georgia K Atkin-Smith
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- University of Melbourne, Department of Medical Biology, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Ladina Di Rago
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- University of Melbourne, Department of Medical Biology, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Marcel Doerflinger
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- University of Melbourne, Department of Medical Biology, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Christopher R Horne
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- University of Melbourne, Department of Medical Biology, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Cathrine Hall
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Samuel N Young
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Matthew Cook
- Centre for Personalised Immunology and Canberra Clinical Genomics, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- Cambridge Institute for Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Vicki Athanasopoulos
- Department of Immunology and Infection, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Carola G Vinuesa
- Centre for Personalised Immunology and Canberra Clinical Genomics, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- Department of Immunology and Infection, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
- University College London, London, UK
- China Australia Centre for Personalized Immunology (CACPI), Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai, China
| | - Kate E Lawlor
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Ian P Wicks
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- University of Melbourne, Department of Medical Biology, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Gregor Ebert
- Institute of Virology, Technical University of Munich/Helmholtz Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ashley P Ng
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- University of Melbourne, Department of Medical Biology, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Clinical Haematology Department, The Royal Melbourne Hospital and Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Charlotte A Slade
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- University of Melbourne, Department of Medical Biology, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Clinical Immunology & Allergy, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Jaclyn S Pearson
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - André L Samson
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- University of Melbourne, Department of Medical Biology, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - John Silke
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- University of Melbourne, Department of Medical Biology, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - James M Murphy
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- University of Melbourne, Department of Medical Biology, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Joanne M Hildebrand
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
- University of Melbourne, Department of Medical Biology, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
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4
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Pierotti CL, Jacobsen AV, Grohmann C, Dempsey RK, Etemadi N, Hildebrand J, Fitzgibbon C, Young SN, Davies K, Kersten W, Silke J, Lowes KN, Jousset Sabroux H, Huang DC, van Delft M, Murphy JM, Lessene G. The VEGFR/PDGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor, ABT-869, blocks necroptosis by targeting RIPK1 kinase. Biochem J 2023; 480:665-684. [PMID: 37115711 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20230035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Necroptosis is a mode of programmed, lytic cell death that is executed by the mixed lineage kinase domain-like (MLKL) pseudokinase following activation by the upstream kinases, receptor-interacting serine/threonine protein kinase (RIPK)-1 and RIPK3. Dysregulated necroptosis has been implicated in the pathophysiology of many human diseases, including inflammatory and degenerative conditions, infectious diseases and cancers, provoking interest in pharmacological targeting of the pathway. To identify small molecules impacting on the necroptotic machinery, we performed a phenotypic screen using a mouse cell line expressing an MLKL mutant that kills cells in the absence of upstream death or pathogen detector receptor activation. This screen identified the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) and platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor, ABT-869 (Linifanib), as a small molecule inhibitor of necroptosis. We applied a suite of cellular, biochemical and biophysical analyses to pinpoint the apical necroptotic kinase, RIPK1, as the target of ABT-869 inhibition. Our study adds to the repertoire of established protein kinase inhibitors that additionally target RIPK1 and raises the prospect that serendipitous targeting of necroptosis signalling may contribute to their clinical efficacy in some settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catia L Pierotti
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia
| | - Annette V Jacobsen
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Christoph Grohmann
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia
| | - Ruby K Dempsey
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia
| | - Nima Etemadi
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia
| | - Joanne Hildebrand
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Cheree Fitzgibbon
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia
| | - Samuel N Young
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia
| | | | - Wilhelmus Kersten
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia
| | - John Silke
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Australia
| | - Kym N Lowes
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia
| | | | - David C Huang
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia
| | - Mark van Delft
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Australia
| | - James M Murphy
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia
| | - Guillaume Lessene
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia
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5
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Meng Y, Horne CR, Samson AL, Dagley LF, Young SN, Sandow JJ, Czabotar PE, Murphy JM. Human RIPK3 C-lobe phosphorylation is essential for necroptotic signaling. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:565. [PMID: 35739084 PMCID: PMC9226014 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05009-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Necroptosis is a caspase-independent, pro-inflammatory mode of programmed cell death which relies on the activation of the terminal effector, MLKL, by the upstream protein kinase RIPK3. To mediate necroptosis, RIPK3 must stably interact with, and phosphorylate the pseudokinase domain of MLKL, although the precise molecular cues that provoke RIPK3 necroptotic signaling are incompletely understood. The recent finding that RIPK3 S227 phosphorylation and the occurrence of a stable RIPK3:MLKL complex in human cells prior to exposure to a necroptosis stimulus raises the possibility that additional, as-yet-unidentified phosphorylation events activate RIPK3 upon initiation of necroptosis signaling. Here, we sought to identify phosphorylation sites of RIPK3 and dissect their regulatory functions. Phosphoproteomics identified 21 phosphorylation sites in HT29 cells overexpressing human RIPK3. By comparing cells expressing wild-type and kinase-inactive D142N RIPK3, autophosphorylation sites and substrates of other cellular kinases were distinguished. Of these 21 phosphosites, mutational analyses identified only pT224 and pS227 as crucial, synergistic sites for stable interaction with MLKL to promote necroptosis, while the recently reported activation loop phosphorylation at S164/T165 negatively regulate the kinase activity of RIPK3. Despite being able to phosphorylate MLKL to a similar or higher extent than wild-type RIPK3, mutation of T224, S227, or the RHIM in RIPK3 attenuated necroptosis. This finding highlights the stable recruitment of human MLKL by RIPK3 to the necrosome as an essential checkpoint in necroptosis signaling, which is independent from and precedes the phosphorylation of MLKL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxiang Meng
- grid.1042.70000 0004 0432 4889Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052 Australia ,grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XDepartment of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052 Australia
| | - Christopher R. Horne
- grid.1042.70000 0004 0432 4889Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052 Australia ,grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XDepartment of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052 Australia
| | - Andre L. Samson
- grid.1042.70000 0004 0432 4889Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052 Australia ,grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XDepartment of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052 Australia
| | - Laura F. Dagley
- grid.1042.70000 0004 0432 4889Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052 Australia ,grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XDepartment of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052 Australia
| | - Samuel N. Young
- grid.1042.70000 0004 0432 4889Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052 Australia
| | - Jarrod J. Sandow
- grid.1042.70000 0004 0432 4889Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052 Australia ,grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XDepartment of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052 Australia
| | - Peter E. Czabotar
- grid.1042.70000 0004 0432 4889Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052 Australia ,grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XDepartment of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052 Australia
| | - James M. Murphy
- grid.1042.70000 0004 0432 4889Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052 Australia ,grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XDepartment of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052 Australia
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6
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Meng Y, Davies KA, Fitzgibbon C, Young SN, Garnish SE, Horne CR, Luo C, Garnier JM, Liang LY, Cowan AD, Samson AL, Lessene G, Sandow JJ, Czabotar PE, Murphy JM. Human RIPK3 maintains MLKL in an inactive conformation prior to cell death by necroptosis. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6783. [PMID: 34811356 PMCID: PMC8608796 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27032-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The ancestral origins of the lytic cell death mode, necroptosis, lie in host defense. However, the dysregulation of necroptosis in inflammatory diseases has led to widespread interest in targeting the pathway therapeutically. This mode of cell death is executed by the terminal effector, the MLKL pseudokinase, which is licensed to kill following phosphorylation by its upstream regulator, RIPK3 kinase. The precise molecular details underlying MLKL activation are still emerging and, intriguingly, appear to mechanistically-diverge between species. Here, we report the structure of the human RIPK3 kinase domain alone and in complex with the MLKL pseudokinase. These structures reveal how human RIPK3 structurally differs from its mouse counterpart, and how human RIPK3 maintains MLKL in an inactive conformation prior to induction of necroptosis. Residues within the RIPK3:MLKL C-lobe interface are crucial to complex assembly and necroptotic signaling in human cells, thereby rationalizing the strict species specificity governing RIPK3 activation of MLKL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxiang Meng
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Katherine A Davies
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Cheree Fitzgibbon
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Samuel N Young
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Sarah E Garnish
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Christopher R Horne
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Cindy Luo
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Jean-Marc Garnier
- SYNthesis med chem, 30 Flemington Rd, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Lung-Yu Liang
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Angus D Cowan
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Andre L Samson
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Guillaume Lessene
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Jarrod J Sandow
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Peter E Czabotar
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.
| | - James M Murphy
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.
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7
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Liu Z, Dagley LF, Shield-Artin K, Young SN, Bankovacki A, Wang X, Tang M, Howitt J, Stafford CA, Nachbur U, Fitzgibbon C, Garnish SE, Webb AI, Komander D, Murphy JM, Hildebrand JM, Silke J. Oligomerization-driven MLKL ubiquitylation antagonizes necroptosis. EMBO J 2021; 40:e103718. [PMID: 34698396 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2019103718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Mixed lineage kinase domain-like (MLKL) is the executioner in the caspase-independent form of programmed cell death called necroptosis. Receptor-interacting serine/threonine protein kinase 3 (RIPK3) phosphorylates MLKL, triggering MLKL oligomerization, membrane translocation and membrane disruption. MLKL also undergoes ubiquitylation during necroptosis, yet neither the mechanism nor the significance of this event has been demonstrated. Here, we show that necroptosis-specific multi-mono-ubiquitylation of MLKL occurs following its activation and oligomerization. Ubiquitylated MLKL accumulates in a digitonin-insoluble cell fraction comprising organellar and plasma membranes and protein aggregates. Appearance of this ubiquitylated MLKL form can be reduced by expression of a plasma membrane-located deubiquitylating enzyme. Oligomerization-induced MLKL ubiquitylation occurs on at least four separate lysine residues and correlates with its proteasome- and lysosome-dependent turnover. Using a MLKL-DUB fusion strategy, we show that constitutive removal of ubiquitin from MLKL licences MLKL auto-activation independent of necroptosis signalling in mouse and human cells. Therefore, in addition to the role of ubiquitylation in the kinetic regulation of MLKL-induced death following an exogenous necroptotic stimulus, it also contributes to restraining basal levels of activated MLKL to avoid unwanted cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zikou Liu
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Laura F Dagley
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Kristy Shield-Artin
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Samuel N Young
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Aleksandra Bankovacki
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Translational Research, CSL Limited, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Xiangyi Wang
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Michelle Tang
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, Australia
| | - Jason Howitt
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, Australia
| | - Che A Stafford
- Gene Centre and Department of Biochemistry, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ueli Nachbur
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Cheree Fitzgibbon
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Sarah E Garnish
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew I Webb
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - David Komander
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - James M Murphy
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Joanne M Hildebrand
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - John Silke
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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8
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Liang LY, Roy M, Horne CR, Sandow JJ, Surudoi M, Dagley LF, Young SN, Dite T, Babon JJ, Janes PW, Patel O, Murphy JM, Lucet IS. The intracellular domains of the EphB6 and EphA10 receptor tyrosine pseudokinases function as dynamic signalling hubs. Biochem J 2021; 478:3351-3371. [PMID: 34431498 PMCID: PMC8454701 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20210572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
EphB6 and EphA10 are two poorly characterised pseudokinase members of the Eph receptor family, which collectively serves as mediators of contact-dependent cell-cell communication to transmit extracellular cues into intracellular signals. As per their active counterparts, EphB6 and EphA10 deregulation is strongly linked to proliferative diseases. However, unlike active Eph receptors, whose catalytic activities are thought to initiate an intracellular signalling cascade, EphB6 and EphA10 are classified as catalytically dead, raising the question of how non-catalytic functions contribute to Eph receptor signalling homeostasis. In this study, we have characterised the biochemical properties and topology of the EphB6 and EphA10 intracellular regions comprising the juxtamembrane (JM) region, pseudokinase and SAM domains. Using small-angle X-ray scattering and cross-linking-mass spectrometry, we observed high flexibility within their intracellular regions in solution and a propensity for interaction between the component domains. We identified tyrosine residues in the JM region of EphB6 as EphB4 substrates, which can bind the SH2 domains of signalling effectors, including Abl, Src and Vav3, consistent with cellular roles in recruiting these proteins for downstream signalling. Furthermore, our finding that EphB6 and EphA10 can bind ATP and ATP-competitive small molecules raises the prospect that these pseudokinase domains could be pharmacologically targeted to counter oncogenic signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lung-Yu Liang
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute or Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Michael Roy
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute or Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Christopher R. Horne
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute or Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Jarrod J. Sandow
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute or Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Minglyanna Surudoi
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute or Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Laura F. Dagley
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute or Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Samuel N. Young
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute or Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Toby Dite
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute or Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Jeffrey J. Babon
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute or Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Peter W. Janes
- Tumour Targeting Program, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute and La Trobe School of Cancer Medicine, Level 5, ONJ Centre, 145 Studley Rd, Heidelberg, Victoria 3084, Australia
| | - Onisha Patel
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute or Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - James M. Murphy
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute or Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Isabelle S. Lucet
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute or Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
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9
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Kronberg SL, Provenza FD, van Vliet S, Young SN. Review: Closing nutrient cycles for animal production - Current and future agroecological and socio-economic issues. Animal 2021; 15 Suppl 1:100285. [PMID: 34312093 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2021.100285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
We face an urgent and complex challenge to produce large amounts of healthful animal and plant foods for an estimated 10 billion people by 2050 while maintaining essential ecosystem services. To compound this challenge, we must do so while not further degrading our environment and conserving essential nutrients such as copper, magnesium, phosphorus, selenium, and zinc that are in short supply for fertilization. Much good research has been done, but to meet this challenge, we need to greatly increase on-farm and watershed-scale research including on-farm evaluations and demonstrations of the putative best combinations of stewardship techniques over multiple years in real-world settings, which are backed by data on nutrient inputs, soil, air, and water chemistry (fluxes) and water discharge. We also need to work with farmers, specialists, and generalists in highly creative interdisciplinary teams that resist forming silos and that use combinations of techniques linked to agroecology and industrial ecology in combination with state-of-the-art engineering. Some of these research and demonstration farms need to be in catchments prone to pollution of aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems with nitrogen, phosphorus, and other nutrients. Some promising approaches include mixed crop-livestock systems, although these alone may not be productive enough without updating to meet the dietary needs of an estimated 10 billion people by 2050. Other approaches could be state-of-the-art multi-trophic production systems, which include several species of plants integrated into production with vertebrates (e.g., ruminants, pigs, poultry), invertebrates (e.g., insects, earthworms) and fish, shrimp, or crayfish to utilize wasted feed and excreta, and recycle nutrients back to the animals (via plants or invertebrates) in the systems. To cut costs and increase desirable outputs, we must recycle nutrients much better within our food production systems and produce both animal and plant foods more efficiently as nutrients cycle through systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- S L Kronberg
- Northern Great Plains Research Laboratory, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Mandan, ND, United States.
| | - F D Provenza
- Department of Wildland Resources, Utah State University, Logan, UT, United States
| | - S van Vliet
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - S N Young
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
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10
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Garcia LR, Tenev T, Newman R, Haich RO, Liccardi G, John SW, Annibaldi A, Yu L, Pardo M, Young SN, Fitzgibbon C, Fernando W, Guppy N, Kim H, Liang LY, Lucet IS, Kueh A, Roxanis I, Gazinska P, Sims M, Smyth T, Ward G, Bertin J, Beal AM, Geddes B, Choudhary JS, Murphy JM, Aurelia Ball K, Upton JW, Meier P. Ubiquitylation of MLKL at lysine 219 positively regulates necroptosis-induced tissue injury and pathogen clearance. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3364. [PMID: 34099649 PMCID: PMC8184782 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23474-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Necroptosis is a lytic, inflammatory form of cell death that not only contributes to pathogen clearance but can also lead to disease pathogenesis. Necroptosis is triggered by RIPK3-mediated phosphorylation of MLKL, which is thought to initiate MLKL oligomerisation, membrane translocation and membrane rupture, although the precise mechanism is incompletely understood. Here, we show that K63-linked ubiquitin chains are attached to MLKL during necroptosis and that ubiquitylation of MLKL at K219 significantly contributes to the cytotoxic potential of phosphorylated MLKL. The K219R MLKL mutation protects animals from necroptosis-induced skin damage and renders cells resistant to pathogen-induced necroptosis. Mechanistically, we show that ubiquitylation of MLKL at K219 is required for higher-order assembly of MLKL at membranes, facilitating its rupture and necroptosis. We demonstrate that K219 ubiquitylation licenses MLKL activity to induce lytic cell death, suggesting that necroptotic clearance of pathogens as well as MLKL-dependent pathologies are influenced by the ubiquitin-signalling system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Ramos Garcia
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK.
| | - Tencho Tenev
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Richard Newman
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Rachel O Haich
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Gianmaria Liccardi
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 44, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Sidonie Wicky John
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Alessandro Annibaldi
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Cologne, Germany
| | - Lu Yu
- Functional Proteomics Group, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Mercedes Pardo
- Functional Proteomics Group, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Samuel N Young
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Cheree Fitzgibbon
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Winnie Fernando
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Naomi Guppy
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Hyojin Kim
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Lung-Yu Liang
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Isabelle S Lucet
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew Kueh
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Ioannis Roxanis
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Patrycja Gazinska
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | | | | | | | - John Bertin
- Innate Immunity Research Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA
- Immunology and Inflammation Research Therapeutic Area at Sanofi, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Allison M Beal
- Innate Immunity Research Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - Brad Geddes
- Innate Immunity Research Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - Jyoti S Choudhary
- Functional Proteomics Group, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - James M Murphy
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - K Aurelia Ball
- Department of Chemistry, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, NY, USA
| | - Jason W Upton
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Pascal Meier
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK.
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11
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Garnish SE, Meng Y, Koide A, Sandow JJ, Denbaum E, Jacobsen AV, Yeung W, Samson AL, Horne CR, Fitzgibbon C, Young SN, Smith PPC, Webb AI, Petrie EJ, Hildebrand JM, Kannan N, Czabotar PE, Koide S, Murphy JM. Conformational interconversion of MLKL and disengagement from RIPK3 precede cell death by necroptosis. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2211. [PMID: 33850121 PMCID: PMC8044208 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22400-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphorylation of the MLKL pseudokinase by the RIPK3 kinase leads to MLKL oligomerization, translocation to, and permeabilization of, the plasma membrane to induce necroptotic cell death. The precise choreography of MLKL activation remains incompletely understood. Here, we report Monobodies, synthetic binding proteins, that bind the pseudokinase domain of MLKL within human cells and their crystal structures in complex with the human MLKL pseudokinase domain. While Monobody-32 constitutively binds the MLKL hinge region, Monobody-27 binds MLKL via an epitope that overlaps the RIPK3 binding site and is only exposed after phosphorylated MLKL disengages from RIPK3 following necroptotic stimulation. The crystal structures identified two distinct conformations of the MLKL pseudokinase domain, supporting the idea that a conformational transition accompanies MLKL disengagement from RIPK3. These studies provide further evidence that MLKL undergoes a large conformational change upon activation, and identify MLKL disengagement from RIPK3 as a key regulatory step in the necroptosis pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Garnish
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Yanxiang Meng
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Akiko Koide
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jarrod J Sandow
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Eric Denbaum
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Annette V Jacobsen
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Wayland Yeung
- Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Andre L Samson
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Christopher R Horne
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Cheree Fitzgibbon
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Samuel N Young
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Phoebe P C Smith
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew I Webb
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Emma J Petrie
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Joanne M Hildebrand
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Natarajan Kannan
- Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Peter E Czabotar
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Shohei Koide
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
| | - James M Murphy
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
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12
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Hildebrand JM, Lo B, Tomei S, Mattei V, Young SN, Fitzgibbon C, Murphy JM, Fadda A. A family harboring an MLKL loss of function variant implicates impaired necroptosis in diabetes. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:345. [PMID: 33795639 PMCID: PMC8016849 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03636-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Maturity-onset diabetes of the young, MODY, is an autosomal dominant disease with incomplete penetrance. In a family with multiple generations of diabetes and several early onset diabetic siblings, we found the previously reported P33T PDX1 damaging mutation. Interestingly, this substitution was also present in a healthy sibling. In contrast, a second very rare heterozygous damaging mutation in the necroptosis terminal effector, MLKL, was found exclusively in the diabetic family members. Aberrant cell death by necroptosis is a cause of inflammatory diseases and has been widely implicated in human pathologies, but has not yet been attributed functions in diabetes. Here, we report that the MLKL substitution observed in diabetic patients, G316D, results in diminished phosphorylation by its upstream activator, the RIPK3 kinase, and no capacity to reconstitute necroptosis in two distinct MLKL-/- human cell lines. This MLKL mutation may act as a modifier to the P33T PDX1 mutation, and points to a potential role of impairment of necroptosis in diabetes. Our findings highlight the importance of family studies in unraveling MODY's incomplete penetrance, and provide further support for the involvement of dysregulated necroptosis in human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne M Hildebrand
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3050, Australia
| | - Bernice Lo
- Research Department, Sidra Medicine, Doha, 26999, Qatar
| | - Sara Tomei
- Research Department, Sidra Medicine, Doha, 26999, Qatar
| | | | - Samuel N Young
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Cheree Fitzgibbon
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - James M Murphy
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3050, Australia
| | - Abeer Fadda
- Research Department, Sidra Medicine, Doha, 26999, Qatar.
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13
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Samson AL, Fitzgibbon C, Patel KM, Hildebrand JM, Whitehead LW, Rimes JS, Jacobsen AV, Horne CR, Gavin XJ, Young SN, Rogers KL, Hawkins ED, Murphy JM. A toolbox for imaging RIPK1, RIPK3, and MLKL in mouse and human cells. Cell Death Differ 2021; 28:2126-2144. [PMID: 33589776 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-021-00742-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Necroptosis is a lytic, inflammatory cell death pathway that is dysregulated in many human pathologies. The pathway is executed by a core machinery comprising the RIPK1 and RIPK3 kinases, which assemble into necrosomes in the cytoplasm, and the terminal effector pseudokinase, MLKL. RIPK3-mediated phosphorylation of MLKL induces oligomerization and translocation to the plasma membrane where MLKL accumulates as hotspots and perturbs the lipid bilayer to cause death. The precise choreography of events in the pathway, where they occur within cells, and pathway differences between species, are of immense interest. However, they have been poorly characterized due to a dearth of validated antibodies for microscopy studies. Here, we describe a toolbox of antibodies for immunofluorescent detection of the core necroptosis effectors, RIPK1, RIPK3, and MLKL, and their phosphorylated forms, in human and mouse cells. By comparing reactivity with endogenous proteins in wild-type cells and knockout controls in basal and necroptosis-inducing conditions, we characterise the specificity of frequently-used commercial and recently-developed antibodies for detection of necroptosis signaling events. Importantly, our findings demonstrate that not all frequently-used antibodies are suitable for monitoring necroptosis by immunofluorescence microscopy, and methanol- is preferable to paraformaldehyde-fixation for robust detection of specific RIPK1, RIPK3, and MLKL signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- André L Samson
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia. .,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
| | - Cheree Fitzgibbon
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Komal M Patel
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Joanne M Hildebrand
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Lachlan W Whitehead
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Joel S Rimes
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Annette V Jacobsen
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Christopher R Horne
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Xavier J Gavin
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Samuel N Young
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Kelly L Rogers
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Edwin D Hawkins
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - James M Murphy
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia. .,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
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14
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Oliver MR, Horne CR, Shrestha S, Keown JR, Liang LY, Young SN, Sandow JJ, Webb AI, Goldstone DC, Lucet IS, Kannan N, Metcalf P, Murphy JM. Granulovirus PK-1 kinase activity relies on a side-to-side dimerization mode centered on the regulatory αC helix. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1002. [PMID: 33579933 PMCID: PMC7881018 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21191-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The life cycle of Baculoviridae family insect viruses depends on the viral protein kinase, PK-1, to phosphorylate the regulatory protein, p6.9, to induce baculoviral genome release. Here, we report the crystal structure of Cydia pomenella granulovirus PK-1, which, owing to its likely ancestral origin among host cell AGC kinases, exhibits a eukaryotic protein kinase fold. PK-1 occurs as a rigid dimer, where an antiparallel arrangement of the αC helices at the dimer core stabilizes PK-1 in a closed, active conformation. Dimerization is facilitated by C-lobe:C-lobe and N-lobe:N-lobe interactions between protomers, including the domain-swapping of an N-terminal helix that crowns a contiguous β-sheet formed by the two N-lobes. PK-1 retains a dimeric conformation in solution, which is crucial for catalytic activity. Our studies raise the prospect that parallel, side-to-side dimeric arrangements that lock kinase domains in a catalytically-active conformation could function more broadly as a regulatory mechanism among eukaryotic protein kinases. The viral Protein Kinase-1 (PK-1) phosphorylates the regulatory protein p6.9, which facilitates baculoviral genome release. Here, the authors combine X-ray crystallography with biophysical and biochemical analyses as well as molecular dynamics simulations to characterize Cydia pomenella granulovirus PK-1, which forms a dimer with a parallel side-to-side arrangement of the kinase domains and furthermore, they provide insights into its catalytic mechanism and evolutionary relationships with other kinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Oliver
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Christopher R Horne
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Safal Shrestha
- Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Jeremy R Keown
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Lung-Yu Liang
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Samuel N Young
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Jarrod J Sandow
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew I Webb
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - David C Goldstone
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Isabelle S Lucet
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Natarajan Kannan
- Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Peter Metcalf
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - James M Murphy
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia. .,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
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15
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Petrie EJ, Sandow JJ, Lehmann WIL, Liang LY, Coursier D, Young SN, Kersten WJA, Fitzgibbon C, Samson AL, Jacobsen AV, Lowes KN, Au AE, Jousset Sabroux H, Lalaoui N, Webb AI, Lessene G, Manning G, Lucet IS, Murphy JM. Viral MLKL Homologs Subvert Necroptotic Cell Death by Sequestering Cellular RIPK3. Cell Rep 2020; 28:3309-3319.e5. [PMID: 31553902 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.08.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Necroptotic cell death has been implicated in many human pathologies and is thought to have evolved as an innate immunity mechanism. The pathway relies on two key effectors: the kinase receptor-interacting protein kinase 3 (RIPK3) and the terminal effector, the pseudokinase mixed-lineage kinase-domain-like (MLKL). We identify proteins with high sequence similarity to the pseudokinase domain of MLKL in poxvirus genomes. Expression of these proteins from the BeAn 58058 and Cotia poxviruses, but not swinepox, in human and mouse cells blocks cellular MLKL activation and necroptotic cell death. We show that viral MLKL-like proteins function as dominant-negative mimics of host MLKL, which inhibit necroptosis by sequestering RIPK3 via its kinase domain to thwart MLKL engagement and phosphorylation. These data support an ancestral role for necroptosis in defense against pathogens. Furthermore, mimicry of a cellular pseudokinase by a pathogen adds to the growing repertoire of functions performed by pseudokinases in signal transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma J Petrie
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.
| | - Jarrod J Sandow
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Wil I L Lehmann
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Lung-Yu Liang
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Diane Coursier
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Samuel N Young
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Wilhelmus J A Kersten
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Cheree Fitzgibbon
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - André L Samson
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Annette V Jacobsen
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Kym N Lowes
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Amanda E Au
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Hélène Jousset Sabroux
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Najoua Lalaoui
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Andrew I Webb
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Guillaume Lessene
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Gerard Manning
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Isabelle S Lucet
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - James M Murphy
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.
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16
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Hildebrand JM, Kauppi M, Majewski IJ, Liu Z, Cox AJ, Miyake S, Petrie EJ, Silk MA, Li Z, Tanzer MC, Brumatti G, Young SN, Hall C, Garnish SE, Corbin J, Stutz MD, Di Rago L, Gangatirkar P, Josefsson EC, Rigbye K, Anderton H, Rickard JA, Tripaydonis A, Sheridan J, Scerri TS, Jackson VE, Czabotar PE, Zhang JG, Varghese L, Allison CC, Pellegrini M, Tannahill GM, Hatchell EC, Willson TA, Stockwell D, de Graaf CA, Collinge J, Hilton A, Silke N, Spall SK, Chau D, Athanasopoulos V, Metcalf D, Laxer RM, Bassuk AG, Darbro BW, Fiatarone Singh MA, Vlahovich N, Hughes D, Kozlovskaia M, Ascher DB, Warnatz K, Venhoff N, Thiel J, Biben C, Blum S, Reveille J, Hildebrand MS, Vinuesa CG, McCombe P, Brown MA, Kile BT, McLean C, Bahlo M, Masters SL, Nakano H, Ferguson PJ, Murphy JM, Alexander WS, Silke J. A missense mutation in the MLKL brace region promotes lethal neonatal inflammation and hematopoietic dysfunction. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3150. [PMID: 32561755 PMCID: PMC7305203 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16819-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
MLKL is the essential effector of necroptosis, a form of programmed lytic cell death. We have isolated a mouse strain with a single missense mutation, MlklD139V, that alters the two-helix 'brace' that connects the killer four-helix bundle and regulatory pseudokinase domains. This confers constitutive, RIPK3 independent killing activity to MLKL. Homozygous mutant mice develop lethal postnatal inflammation of the salivary glands and mediastinum. The normal embryonic development of MlklD139V homozygotes until birth, and the absence of any overt phenotype in heterozygotes provides important in vivo precedent for the capacity of cells to clear activated MLKL. These observations offer an important insight into the potential disease-modulating roles of three common human MLKL polymorphisms that encode amino acid substitutions within or adjacent to the brace region. Compound heterozygosity of these variants is found at up to 12-fold the expected frequency in patients that suffer from a pediatric autoinflammatory disease, chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis (CRMO).
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne M Hildebrand
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia. .,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.
| | - Maria Kauppi
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Ian J Majewski
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Zikou Liu
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Allison J Cox
- Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Sanae Miyake
- Department of Biochemistry, Toho University School of Medicine, Ota-ku, Tokyo, 143-8540, Japan
| | - Emma J Petrie
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Michael A Silk
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia.,Computational Biology and Clinical Informatics, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Zhixiu Li
- Translational Genomics Group, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology (QUT) at Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Maria C Tanzer
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.,Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, 82152, Germany
| | - Gabriela Brumatti
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Samuel N Young
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Cathrine Hall
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Sarah E Garnish
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Jason Corbin
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Michael D Stutz
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.,Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR, 97006, USA
| | - Ladina Di Rago
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Pradnya Gangatirkar
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Emma C Josefsson
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Kristin Rigbye
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.,Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Holly Anderton
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - James A Rickard
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.,The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, 3050, Australia
| | - Anne Tripaydonis
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.,The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, 3050, Australia
| | - Julie Sheridan
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Thomas S Scerri
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Victoria E Jackson
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Peter E Czabotar
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Jian-Guo Zhang
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Leila Varghese
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.,Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research and de Duve Institute, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Cody C Allison
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Marc Pellegrini
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Gillian M Tannahill
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.,GSK Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, UK
| | - Esme C Hatchell
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Tracy A Willson
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Dina Stockwell
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Carolyn A de Graaf
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Janelle Collinge
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Adrienne Hilton
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Natasha Silke
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Sukhdeep K Spall
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Diep Chau
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.,CSL Limited, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Vicki Athanasopoulos
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease and Centre for Personalised Immunology (NHMRC Centre for Research Excellence), John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia.,Centre for Personalised Immunology (CACPI), Shanghai Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Donald Metcalf
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Ronald M Laxer
- Division of Rheumatology, The Hospital for Sick Children and the University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Alexander G Bassuk
- Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.,Department of Neurology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine and the Iowa Neuroscience Institute, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Benjamin W Darbro
- Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Maria A Fiatarone Singh
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Nicole Vlahovich
- Department of Sports Medicine, Australian Institute of Sport, Bruce, ACT, Australia
| | - David Hughes
- Department of Sports Medicine, Australian Institute of Sport, Bruce, ACT, Australia
| | - Maria Kozlovskaia
- Department of Sports Medicine, Australian Institute of Sport, Bruce, ACT, Australia.,Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australia
| | - David B Ascher
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia.,Computational Biology and Clinical Informatics, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Klaus Warnatz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Clinic for Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Center -University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg, 79106, Germany.,Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center -University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nils Venhoff
- Department of Internal Medicine, Clinic for Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Center -University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg, 79106, Germany
| | - Jens Thiel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Clinic for Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Center -University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg, 79106, Germany
| | - Christine Biben
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Stefan Blum
- Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - John Reveille
- Memorial Hermann Texas Medical Centre, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Michael S Hildebrand
- Epilepsy Research Centre, Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC, 3084, Australia.,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Carola G Vinuesa
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease and Centre for Personalised Immunology (NHMRC Centre for Research Excellence), John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia.,Centre for Personalised Immunology (CACPI), Shanghai Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Pamela McCombe
- The University of Queensland, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane & Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Matthew A Brown
- Translational Genomics Group, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology (QUT) at Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia.,NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Kings College, London, UK
| | - Benjamin T Kile
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Catriona McLean
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, The Alfred Hospital, Prahran, VIC, 3181, Australia
| | - Melanie Bahlo
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Seth L Masters
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Hiroyasu Nakano
- Department of Biochemistry, Toho University School of Medicine, Ota-ku, Tokyo, 143-8540, Japan
| | - Polly J Ferguson
- Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - James M Murphy
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Warren S Alexander
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia. .,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.
| | - John Silke
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia. .,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.
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17
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Davies KA, Fitzgibbon C, Young SN, Garnish SE, Yeung W, Coursier D, Birkinshaw RW, Sandow JJ, Lehmann WIL, Liang LY, Lucet IS, Chalmers JD, Patrick WM, Kannan N, Petrie EJ, Czabotar PE, Murphy JM. Distinct pseudokinase domain conformations underlie divergent activation mechanisms among vertebrate MLKL orthologues. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3060. [PMID: 32561735 PMCID: PMC7305131 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16823-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The MLKL pseudokinase is the terminal effector in the necroptosis cell death pathway. Phosphorylation by its upstream regulator, RIPK3, triggers MLKL's conversion from a dormant cytoplasmic protein into oligomers that translocate to, and permeabilize, the plasma membrane to kill cells. The precise mechanisms underlying these processes are incompletely understood, and were proposed to differ between mouse and human cells. Here, we examine the divergence of activation mechanisms among nine vertebrate MLKL orthologues, revealing remarkable specificity of mouse and human RIPK3 for MLKL orthologues. Pig MLKL can restore necroptotic signaling in human cells; while horse and pig, but not rat, MLKL can reconstitute the mouse pathway. This selectivity can be rationalized from the distinct conformations observed in the crystal structures of horse and rat MLKL pseudokinase domains. These studies identify important differences in necroptotic signaling between species, and suggest that, more broadly, divergent regulatory mechanisms may exist among orthologous pseudoenzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A Davies
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Cheree Fitzgibbon
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Samuel N Young
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Sarah E Garnish
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Wayland Yeung
- Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Diane Coursier
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Richard W Birkinshaw
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Jarrod J Sandow
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Wil I L Lehmann
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Lung-Yu Liang
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Isabelle S Lucet
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - James D Chalmers
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand
| | - Wayne M Patrick
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, 6140, New Zealand
| | - Natarajan Kannan
- Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Emma J Petrie
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Peter E Czabotar
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.
| | - James M Murphy
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.
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18
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Chen K, Birkinshaw RW, Gurzau AD, Wanigasuriya I, Wang R, Iminitoff M, Sandow JJ, Young SN, Hennessy PJ, Willson TA, Heckmann DA, Webb AI, Blewitt ME, Czabotar PE, Murphy JM. Crystal structure of the hinge domain of Smchd1 reveals its dimerization mode and nucleic acid-binding residues. Sci Signal 2020; 13:13/636/eaaz5599. [PMID: 32546545 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aaz5599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Structural maintenance of chromosomes flexible hinge domain containing 1 (SMCHD1) is an epigenetic regulator in which polymorphisms cause the human developmental disorder, Bosma arhinia micropthalmia syndrome, and the degenerative disease, facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy. SMCHD1 is considered a noncanonical SMC family member because its hinge domain is C-terminal, because it homodimerizes rather than heterodimerizes, and because SMCHD1 contains a GHKL-type, rather than an ABC-type ATPase domain at its N terminus. The hinge domain has been previously implicated in chromatin association; however, the underlying mechanism involved and the basis for SMCHD1 homodimerization are unclear. Here, we used x-ray crystallography to solve the three-dimensional structure of the Smchd1 hinge domain. Together with structure-guided mutagenesis, we defined structural features of the hinge domain that participated in homodimerization and nucleic acid binding, and we identified a functional hotspot required for chromatin localization in cells. This structure provides a template for interpreting the mechanism by which patient polymorphisms within the SMCHD1 hinge domain could compromise function and lead to facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelan Chen
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Richard W Birkinshaw
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Alexandra D Gurzau
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Iromi Wanigasuriya
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Ruoyun Wang
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Megan Iminitoff
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Jarrod J Sandow
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Samuel N Young
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Patrick J Hennessy
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Tracy A Willson
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Denise A Heckmann
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Andrew I Webb
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Marnie E Blewitt
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia. .,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia.,School of Biosciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Peter E Czabotar
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia. .,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - James M Murphy
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia. .,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
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19
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Davies KA, Tanzer MC, Griffin MDW, Mok YF, Young SN, Qin R, Petrie EJ, Czabotar PE, Silke J, Murphy JM. The brace helices of MLKL mediate interdomain communication and oligomerisation to regulate cell death by necroptosis. Cell Death Differ 2018; 25:1567-1580. [PMID: 29445128 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-018-0061-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2017] [Revised: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The programmed cell death pathway, necroptosis, relies on the pseudokinase, Mixed Lineage Kinase domain-Like (MLKL), for cellular execution downstream of death receptor or Toll-like receptor ligation. Receptor-interacting protein kinase-3 (RIPK3)-mediated phosphorylation of MLKL's pseudokinase domain leads to MLKL switching from an inert to activated state, where exposure of the N-terminal four-helix bundle (4HB) 'executioner' domain leads to cell death. The precise molecular details of MLKL activation, including the stoichiometry of oligomer assemblies, mechanisms of membrane translocation and permeabilisation, remain a matter of debate. Here, we dissect the function of the two 'brace' helices that connect the 4HB to the pseudokinase domain of MLKL. In addition to establishing that the integrity of the second brace helix is crucial for the assembly of mouse MLKL homotrimers and cell death, we implicate the brace helices as a device to communicate pseudokinase domain phosphorylation event(s) to the N-terminal executioner 4HB domain. Using mouse:human MLKL chimeras, we defined the first brace helix and adjacent loop as key elements of the molecular switch mechanism that relay pseudokinase domain phosphorylation to the activation of the 4HB domain killing activity. In addition, our chimera data revealed the importance of the pseudokinase domain in conferring host specificity on MLKL killing function, where fusion of the mouse pseudokinase domain converted the human 4HB + brace from inactive to a constitutive killer of mouse fibroblasts. These findings illustrate that the brace helices play an active role in MLKL regulation, rather than simply acting as a tether between the 4HB and pseudokinase domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A Davies
- The Walter & Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Maria C Tanzer
- The Walter & Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Michael D W Griffin
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, The University of Melbourne, The Bio21 Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Yee Foong Mok
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, The University of Melbourne, The Bio21 Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Samuel N Young
- The Walter & Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Rui Qin
- The Walter & Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Emma J Petrie
- The Walter & Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Peter E Czabotar
- The Walter & Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - John Silke
- The Walter & Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia. .,Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
| | - James M Murphy
- The Walter & Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia. .,Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
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20
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Tanzer MC, Matti I, Hildebrand JM, Young SN, Wardak A, Tripaydonis A, Petrie EJ, Mildenhall AL, Vaux DL, Vince JE, Czabotar PE, Silke J, Murphy JM. Evolutionary divergence of the necroptosis effector MLKL. Cell Death Differ 2016; 23:1185-97. [PMID: 26868910 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2015.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Revised: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The pseudokinase, MLKL (mixed-lineage kinase domain-like), is the most terminal obligatory component of the necroptosis cell death pathway known. Phosphorylation of the MLKL pseudokinase domain by the protein kinase, receptor interacting protein kinase-3 (RIPK3), is known to be the key step in MLKL activation. This phosphorylation event is believed to trigger a molecular switch, leading to exposure of the N-terminal four-helix bundle (4HB) domain of MLKL, its oligomerization, membrane translocation and ultimately cell death. To examine how well this process is evolutionarily conserved, we analysed the function of MLKL orthologues. Surprisingly, and unlike their mouse, horse and frog counterparts, human, chicken and stickleback 4HB domains were unable to induce cell death when expressed in murine fibroblasts. Forced dimerization of the human MLKL 4HB domain overcame this defect and triggered cell death in human and mouse cell lines. Furthermore, recombinant proteins from mouse, frog, human and chicken MLKL, all of which contained a 4HB domain, permeabilized liposomes, and were most effective on those designed to mimic plasma membrane composition. These studies demonstrate that the membrane-permeabilization function of the 4HB domain is evolutionarily conserved, but reveal that execution of necroptotic death by it relies on additional factors that are poorly conserved even among closely related species.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Tanzer
- Cell Signalling and Cell Death Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia
| | - I Matti
- Cell Signalling and Cell Death Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia
| | - J M Hildebrand
- Cell Signalling and Cell Death Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia
| | - S N Young
- Cell Signalling and Cell Death Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - A Wardak
- Cell Signalling and Cell Death Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - A Tripaydonis
- Cell Signalling and Cell Death Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia
| | - E J Petrie
- Cell Signalling and Cell Death Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia
| | - A L Mildenhall
- Cell Signalling and Cell Death Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia
| | - D L Vaux
- Cell Signalling and Cell Death Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia
| | - J E Vince
- Cell Signalling and Cell Death Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia
| | - P E Czabotar
- Cell Signalling and Cell Death Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia
| | - J Silke
- Cell Signalling and Cell Death Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia
| | - J M Murphy
- Cell Signalling and Cell Death Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia
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21
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Varghese LN, Ungureanu D, Liau NPD, Young SN, Laktyushin A, Hammaren H, Lucet IS, Nicola NA, Silvennoinen O, Babon JJ, Murphy JM. Mechanistic insights into activation and SOCS3-mediated inhibition of myeloproliferative neoplasm-associated JAK2 mutants from biochemical and structural analyses. Biochem J 2014; 458:395-405. [PMID: 24354892 PMCID: PMC4085142 DOI: 10.1042/bj20131516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
JAK2 (Janus kinase 2) initiates the intracellular signalling cascade downstream of cell surface receptor activation by cognate haemopoietic cytokines, including erythropoietin and thrombopoietin. The pseudokinase domain (JH2) of JAK2 negatively regulates the catalytic activity of the adjacent tyrosine kinase domain (JH1) and mutations within the pseudokinase domain underlie human myeloproliferative neoplasms, including polycythaemia vera and essential thrombocytosis. To date, the mechanism of JH2-mediated inhibition of JH1 kinase activation as well as the susceptibility of pathological mutant JAK2 to inhibition by the physiological negative regulator SOCS3 (suppressor of cytokine signalling 3) have remained unclear. In the present study, using recombinant purified JAK2JH1-JH2 proteins, we demonstrate that, when activated, wild-type and myeloproliferative neoplasm-associated mutants of JAK2 exhibit comparable enzymatic activity and inhibition by SOCS3 in in vitro kinase assays. SAXS (small-angle X-ray scattering) showed that JAK2JH1-JH2 exists in an elongated configuration in solution with no evidence for interaction between JH1 and JH2 domains in cis. Collectively, these data are consistent with a model in which JAK2's pseudokinase domain does not influence the activity of JAK2 once it has been activated. Our data indicate that, in the absence of the N-terminal FERM domain and thus cytokine receptor association, the wild-type and pathological mutants of JAK2 are enzymatically equivalent and equally susceptible to inhibition by SOCS3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila N. Varghese
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia
| | - Daniela Ungureanu
- School of Medicine, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere 33014, Finland
| | - Nicholas P. D. Liau
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia
| | - Samuel N. Young
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Artem Laktyushin
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Henrik Hammaren
- School of Medicine, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere 33014, Finland
| | - Isabelle S. Lucet
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Nicos A. Nicola
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia
| | - Olli Silvennoinen
- School of Medicine, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere 33014, Finland
| | - Jeffrey J. Babon
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia
| | - James M. Murphy
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia
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22
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Affiliation(s)
- S N Young
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada.
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23
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Varghese LN, Zhang JG, Young SN, Willson TA, Alexander WS, Nicola NA, Babon JJ, Murphy JM. Functional characterization of c-Mpl ectodomain mutations that underlie congenital amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenia. Growth Factors 2014; 32:18-26. [PMID: 24438083 DOI: 10.3109/08977194.2013.874347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Activation of the cell surface receptor, c-Mpl, by the cytokine, thrombopoietin (TPO), underpins megakaryocyte and platelet production in mammals. In humans, mutations in c-Mpl have been identified as the molecular basis of Congenital Amegakaryocytic Thrombocytopenia (CAMT). Here, we show that CAMT-associated mutations in c-Mpl principally lead to defective receptor presentation on the cell surface. In contrast, one CAMT mutant c-Mpl, F104S, was expressed on the cell surface, but showed defective TPO binding and receptor activation. Using mutational analyses, we examined which residues adjacent to F104 within the membrane-distal cytokine receptor homology module (CRM) of c-Mpl comprise the TPO-binding epitope, revealing residues within the predicted Domain 1 E-F and A-B loops and Domain 2 F'-G' loop as key TPO-binding determinants. These studies underscore the importance of the c-Mpl membrane-distal CRM to TPO-binding and suggest that mutations within this CRM that perturb TPO binding could give rise to CAMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila N Varghese
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research , Parkville, Victoria , Australia and
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24
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Babon JJ, Kershaw NJ, Murphy JM, Varghese LN, Laktyushin A, Young SN, Lucet IS, Norton RS, Nicola NA. Suppression of cytokine signaling by SOCS3: characterization of the mode of inhibition and the basis of its specificity. Immunity 2012; 36:239-50. [PMID: 22342841 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2011.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2011] [Revised: 11/24/2011] [Accepted: 12/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Janus kinases (JAKs) are key effectors in controlling immune responses and maintaining hematopoiesis. SOCS3 (suppressor of cytokine signaling-3) is a major regulator of JAK signaling and here we investigate the molecular basis of its mechanism of action. We found that SOCS3 bound and directly inhibited the catalytic domains of JAK1, JAK2, and TYK2 but not JAK3 via an evolutionarily conserved motif unique to JAKs. Mutation of this motif led to the formation of an active kinase that could not be inhibited by SOCS3. Surprisingly, we found that SOCS3 simultaneously bound JAK and the cytokine receptor to which it is attached, revealing how specificity is generated in SOCS action and explaining why SOCS3 inhibits only a subset of cytokines. Importantly, SOCS3 inhibited JAKs via a noncompetitive mechanism, making it a template for the development of specific and effective inhibitors to treat JAK-based immune and proliferative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey J Babon
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Pde, Parkville, 3052, VIC, Australia.
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25
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Russell JJ, Moskowitz DS, Zuroff DC, Bleau P, Pinard G, Young SN. Anxiety, emotional security and the interpersonal behavior of individuals with social anxiety disorder. Psychol Med 2011; 41:545-554. [PMID: 20459889 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291710000863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interpersonal functioning is central to social anxiety disorder (SAD). Empirical examinations of interpersonal behaviors in individuals with SAD have frequently relied on analogue samples, global retrospective reports and laboratory observation. Moreover, research has focused on avoidance and safety behaviors, neglecting potential links between SAD and affiliative behaviors. METHOD The influence of situational anxiety and emotional security on interpersonal behaviors was examined for individuals with SAD (n=40) and matched normal controls (n=40). Participants monitored their behavior and affect in naturally occurring social interactions using an event-contingent recording procedure. RESULTS Individuals with SAD reported higher levels of submissive behavior and lower levels of dominant behavior relative to controls. Consistent with cognitive-behavioral and evolutionary theories, elevated anxiety in specific events predicted increased submissiveness among individuals with SAD. Consistent with attachment theory, elevations in event-level emotional security were associated with increased affiliative behaviors (increased agreeable behavior and decreased quarrelsome behavior) among members of the SAD group. Results were not accounted for by concurrent elevations in sadness or between-group differences in the distribution of social partners. CONCLUSIONS These findings are consistent with predictions based on several theoretical perspectives. Further, the present research documents naturally occurring interpersonal patterns of individuals with SAD and identifies conditions under which these individuals may view social interactions as opportunities for interpersonal connectedness.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Russell
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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26
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van Ruitenbeek P, Sambeth A, Vermeeren A, Young SN, Riedel WJ. Effects of L-histidine depletion and L-tyrosine/L-phenylalanine depletion on sensory and motor processes in healthy volunteers. Br J Pharmacol 2009; 157:92-103. [PMID: 19413574 PMCID: PMC2697785 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2009.00203.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2008] [Revised: 12/22/2008] [Accepted: 01/05/2009] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Animal studies show that histamine plays a role in cognitive functioning and that histamine H3-receptor antagonists, which increase histaminergic function through presynaptic receptors, improve cognitive performance in models of clinical cognitive deficits. In order to test such new drugs in humans, a model for cognitive impairments induced by low histaminergic functions would be useful. Studies with histamine H1-receptor antagonists have shown limitations as a model. Here we evaluated whether depletion of L-histidine, the precursor of histamine, was effective in altering measures associated with histamine in humans and the behavioural and electrophysiological (event-related-potentials) effects. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Seventeen healthy volunteers completed a three-way, double-blind, crossover study with L-histidine depletion, L-tyrosine/L-phenylalanine depletion (active control) and placebo as treatments. Interactions with task manipulations in a choice reaction time task were studied. Task demands were increased using visual stimulus degradation and increased response complexity. In addition, subjective and objective measures of sedation and critical tracking task performance were assessed. KEY RESULTS Measures of sedation and critical tracking task performance were not affected by treatment. L-histidine depletion was effective and enlarged the effect of response complexity as measured with the response-locked lateralized readiness potential onset latency. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS L-histidine depletion affected response- but not stimulus-related processes, in contrast to the effects of H1-receptor antagonists which were previously found to affect primarily stimulus-related processes. L-histidine depletion is promising as a model for histamine-based cognitive impairment. However, these effects need to be confirmed by further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- P van Ruitenbeek
- Department of Neuropsychology and Psychopharmacology, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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aan het Rot M, Moskowitz DS, Young SN. Exposure to bright light is associated with positive social interaction and good mood over short time periods: A naturalistic study in mildly seasonal people. J Psychiatr Res 2008; 42:311-9. [PMID: 17275841 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2006.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2006] [Revised: 11/14/2006] [Accepted: 11/30/2006] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Bright light is used to treat winter depression and might also have positive effects on mood in some healthy individuals. We examined possible links between bright light exposure and social interaction using naturalistic data. For 20 days in winter and/or summer, 48 mildly seasonal healthy individuals wore a light meter at the wrist and recorded in real-time their behaviours, mood, and perceptions of others during social interactions. Possible short-term effects of bright light were examined using the number of minutes, within any given morning, afternoon or evening, that people were exposed to light exceeding 1000 lux (average: 19.6min). Social interactions were labelled as having occurred under conditions of no, low or high bright light exposure. Independent of season, day, time, and location, participants reported less quarrelsome behaviours, more agreeable behaviours and better mood when exposed to high but not low levels of bright light. Given that the effects were seen only when exposure levels were above average, a minimum level of bright light may be necessary for its positive effects to occur. Daily exposure levels were generally low in both winter and summer. Spending more time outdoors and improving indoor lighting may help optimize everyday social behaviour and mood across seasons in people with mild seasonality.
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Affiliation(s)
- M aan het Rot
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 1A1.
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Sakai Y, Nishikawa M, Leyton M, Benkelfat C, Young SN, Diksic M. Cortical trapping of alpha-[(11)C]methyl-l-tryptophan, an index of serotonin synthesis, is lower in females than males. Neuroimage 2006; 33:815-24. [PMID: 16996279 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2006.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2006] [Revised: 06/27/2006] [Accepted: 08/04/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
One neural system that may exhibit gender differences is serotonin (5-HT), a neurotransmitter implicated in the regulation of mood, cognitive processes, and impulse-control. However, most of the available evidence of gender-related differences in this system has been indirect and at times contradictory. The objective of the present study was to follow up on preliminary evidence that there are gender differences in brain regional 5-HT synthesis, as measured by trapping of alpha-[(11)C]methyl-l-tryptophan (alpha-[(11)C]MTrp). Sixty-minute dynamic scans were performed in healthy volunteers, 28 women and 31 men. Functional images of the brain trapping constant, used as a proxy for 5-HT synthesis, which correlate in the rat brain with tryptophan's conversion into 5-HT, were transferred to the standardized 3D space. The voxel based comparison was performed by Statistical Parametric Mapping with proportional normalization. There was lower normalized alpha-[(11)C]MTrp trapping in females than males throughout much of the cerebral cortex, including the left middle frontal gyrus, the bilateral inferior frontal gyrus, the bilateral precentral gyrus, the left supramarginal gyrus, the bilateral inferior parietal lobule, the left superior temporal gyrus, the bilateral posterior cingulate gyrus, and the bilateral precuneus. There were no regions in which the normalized trapping was significantly higher in females than in males. Gender differences in sub-cortical sites were not found. Women, compared to men, may have lower rates of this tracer trapping, used as a proxy for 5-HT synthesis, throughout much of the cerebral cortex which is likely related to differences in 5-HT synthesis because relative differences in the normalized trapping should be the same as those in 5-HT synthesis. These differences may be related, at least in part, to previously suggested gender differences in affect, cognitive processes, and susceptibility to 5-HT-related neuropsychiatric and neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Sakai
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, 3801 University St., Montreal, Canada QC H3A 2B4
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Nishikawa M, Kumakura Y, Young SN, Fiset P, Vogelzangs N, Leyton M, Benkelfat C, Diksic M. Increasing blood oxygen increases an index of 5-HT synthesis in human brain as measured using alpha-[(11)C]methyl-L-tryptophan and positron emission tomography. Neurochem Int 2005; 47:556-64. [PMID: 16157418 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2005.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2005] [Revised: 06/21/2005] [Accepted: 07/15/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The main objective of this investigation was to test the hypothesis that brain serotonin (5-HT) synthesis, as measured by trapping of alpha-[(11)C]methyl-L-tryptophan (alpha-MTrp) using positron emission tomography (PET), can be modulated by changes in blood oxygen. The study involved six healthy participants (three male and three female), who breathed a 15% or 60% oxygen mixture starting 15 min before the injection of tracer and continuing during the entire acquisition period. Participants were injected with up to 12m Ci of alpha-MTrp. Two sets of PET images were acquired while the participants were breathing each of the oxygen mixtures and, after reconstruction, all images were converted into brain functional images illustrating the brain trapping constant K(*) (microL/g/min). The K(*) values were obtained for 12 regions of interest outlined on the magnetic resonance images. The K(*) values obtained at high and low blood oxygen content were compared by paired statistics using Tukey's post hoc correction. As there were no difference in plasma tryptophan concentrations, these K(*) values are directly related to regional 5-HT synthesis. The results showed highly significant increases (50% on average) in brain serotonin synthesis (K(*) values) at high (mean value of 223+/-41 mmHg) relative to low (mean value 77.1+/-7.7 mmHg) blood oxygen levels. This suggests that tryptophan hydroxylase is not saturated with oxygen in the living human brain and that increases in blood oxygen can elevate brain serotonin synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Nishikawa
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, 3801 University St. Montreal, QC H3A2B4, Canada
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Bruce KR, Steiger H, Koerner NM, Israel M, Young SN. Bulimia nervosa with co-morbid avoidant personality disorder: behavioural characteristics and serotonergic function. Psychol Med 2004; 34:113-124. [PMID: 14971632 DOI: 10.1017/s003329170300864x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Separate lines of research link lowered serotonin tone to interpersonal submissiveness and bulimia nervosa (BN). We explored the impact of co-morbid avoidant personality disorder (APD), as a proxy for submissiveness, on behavioural inhibition and serotonin function in women with BN. METHOD Participants included women with BN with co-morbid APD (BNA +, N = 13); women with BN but without APD (BNA-, N = 23), and control women with neither BN nor APD (N = 23). The women were assessed for psychopathological tendencies and eating disorder symptoms, and participated in a computerized laboratory task that measured behavioural inhibition and disinhibition. Participants also provided blood samples for measurement of serial prolactin responses following oral administration of the partial 5-HT agonist meta-chlorophenylpiperazine (m-CPP). RESULTS The BNA+ group had higher scores than the other groups on self-report measures of submissiveness, social avoidance, restricted emotional expression, affective instability and self-harming behaviours. Compared with the other groups, the BNA+ group tended to be more inhibited under cues for punishment on the computerized task and to have blunted prolactin response following m-CPP. The bulimic groups did not differ from each other on current eating symptoms or on frequencies of other mental disorders. CONCLUSIONS Findings indicate that women with BN and co-morbid APD may be characterized by interpersonal submissiveness and avoidance, affective instability, self-harm, behavioural inhibition in response to threat and lower sensitivity to serotonergic activation. These findings may indicate common, serotonergic factors, associated with social submissiveness, behavioural inhibition to threat and BN.
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Affiliation(s)
- K R Bruce
- Eating Disorders Program and Research Centre, Douglas Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Abstract
In infants, sweet taste and sucking on a pacifier both have analgesic effects. Animal studies suggest that sweet taste may involve opioids, while rhythmic oral movements, as with a pacifier, increase the release of serotonin, which is involved in the gating of nociceptive afferents. The present study was designed to see if these effects produce an analgesic effect in children. Two studies were performed, during blood draws in a pediatric test center in 7- to 12-year-old children, and during vaccination at school in 9- to 11-year-old children. Using unsweetened or sweetened chewing gum, there were four groups: control, sweet, chew, and sweet plus chew. Overall, there was no effect of either sweet taste or chewing on pain responses. However, in boys sweet taste tended to increase pain ratings, but only in conjunction with chewing, while in girls sweet taste tended to decrease pain ratings in conjunction with chewing and increased them in the absence of chewing. Ratings of pain intensity and affective state were correlated. Affective state before the painful stimulus was related to pain response in the girls and in the boys in the test center, but not in the schools. In the schools, the presence of peers may have influenced the ratings.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Lewkowski
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, 1033 Pine Avenue West, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 1A1.
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Srivastava LK, Leyton M, Young SN. The 24th Annual Meeting of the Canadian College of Neuropsychopharmacology. Banff, Alberta, Canada, June 17-20, 2001. J Psychiatry Neurosci 2001; 26:375-84. [PMID: 11762205 PMCID: PMC167196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- L K Srivastava
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Que.
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Abstract
alpha-Methyl-L-tryptophan (alpha-MTrp) is an artificial amino acid and an analog of tryptophan (Trp), the precursor of the neurotransmitter serotonin (5-HT). In this article we have summarized available data, which suggest that the measurement of the unidirectional uptake of alpha-MTrp and its conversion to 5-HT synthesis rates is a valid approach for the determination of brain 5-HT synthesis rates. The main feature on which the model is based is the trapping of labeled alpha-MTrp in brain tissue. An overview of opposing opinions, which suggest that there is a need for a metabolic conversion of tracer, is also presented and discussed critically. As with all biological modeling there is likely to be room for improvements of the proposed biological model. In addition, there are a limited number of clearly defined circumstances in which the method is confounded by the metabolism of labeled alpha-MTrp via the kynurenine pathway. Nonetheless, a significant body of evidence suggests that labeled alpha-MTrp is a useful tracer to study brain 5-HT synthesis in most circumstances. Calculation of 5-HT synthesis rates depends on the plasma-free tryptophan concentration, which, according to the balance of arguments in the literature, is a more appropriate parameter than the total-plasma tryptophan. The method, as proposed by us, can be used in conjunction with autoradiographic measurements in laboratory animals, and with positron emission tomography in large animals and humans. We review studies in animals looking at the normal control of 5-HT synthesis and the way in which it is altered by drugs, as well as initial studies investigating healthy humans and patients with neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Diksic
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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Young SN. Beyond the human genome. J Psychiatry Neurosci 2001; 26:291-2. [PMID: 11590968 PMCID: PMC167182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023] Open
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Steiger H, Gauvin L, Israël M, Koerner N, Ng Ying Kin NM, Paris J, Young SN. Association of serotonin and cortisol indices with childhood abuse in bulimia nervosa. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2001; 58:837-43. [PMID: 11545666 DOI: 10.1001/archpsyc.58.9.837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bulimia nervosa (BN) is reported to co-occur with childhood abuse and alterations in central serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine [5-HT]) and cortisol mechanisms. However, findings also link childhood abuse to anomalous 5-HT and cortisol function, and this motivated us to explore relationships between childhood abuse and neurobiological variations in BN. METHODS Thirty-five bulimic and 25 nonbulimic women were assessed for childhood physical and sexual abuse, eating symptoms, and comorbid psychopathological tendencies. These women provided blood samples for measurement of platelet hydrogen-3-paroxetine binding and serial prolactin and cortisol responses following oral administration of the partial 5-HT agonist meta-chlorophenylpiperazine (m-CPP). RESULTS Bulimic women showed markedly lower mean +/- SD density (B(max)) of paroxetine-binding sites (631.12 +/- 341.58) than did normal eaters (1213.00 +/- 628.74) (t(54) = -4.47; P =.001). Paroxetine binding did not vary with childhood abuse. In contrast, measures of peak change on prolactin levels after m-CPP administration (Delta-peak prolactin) indicated blunted response in abused bulimic women (7.26 +/- 7.06), nonabused bulimic women (5.62 +/- 3.95), and abused women who were normal eaters (5.73 +/- 5.19) compared with nonabused women who were normal eaters (13.57 +/- 9.94) (F(3,51) = 3.04, P =.04). Furthermore, individuals reporting childhood abuse showed decreased plasma cortisol levels relative to nonabused women who were normal eaters. CONCLUSION Findings imply that BN and childhood abuse are both generally associated with reduced 5-HT tone but that childhood abuse may be somewhat more specifically linked to reduced cortisol levels (ie, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis) activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Steiger
- Eating Disorders Program, Douglas Hospital, 6875 LaSalle Blvd, Verdun, Quebec H4H 1R3, Canada
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Abstract
Studies have linked bulimia nervosa (BN) to alterations in brain serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine: 5-HT) activity and to heightened propensity for parasuicidality and self-injuriousness. The coincidence of self-destructiveness and 5-HT abnormality in BN is of interest, given documentation (in various populations) of an inverse association between 5-HT activity and potential for self-harm. The present study examined the connection between 5-HT status and self-destructiveness in BN. Structured interviews and self-report questionnaires were used to assess 40 bulimic and 21 normal-eater women for: (a) history of parasuicidal or self-injurious acts; and (b) mood and impulse-regulation problems. We then applied tests, presumed to reflect 5-HT function, of serial prolactin (PRL) and cortisol (CORT) responses after oral administration of the partial 5-HT agonist, meta-chlorophenylpiperazine (m-CPP). Relative to non-bulimic women, bulimic women (on average) showed blunting of PRL and CORT following m-CPP. The blunting of neuroendocrine responses was, however, most remarkable in bulimic women with a history of self-destructiveness. These findings suggest that some serotonergic anomalies reported in BN sufferers (i.e. reduced neuroendocrine response after m-CPP) may be most characteristic of individuals in the population showing clear-cut self-destructive potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Steiger
- Eating Disorders Program, Douglas Hospital, Quebec, Verdun, Canada.
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Abstract
In monkeys increasing serotonin function enhances affiliative interactions and promotes the acquisition of dominance. To examine whether similar effects occur in humans, we treated 98 subjects for 12 days with the serotonin precursor tryptophan (1g TID) and for 12 days with placebo in a double-blind, cross over study. Agreeableness/quarrelsomeness and dominance/submission were measured using an event-contingent method, in which subjects reported on various behaviors during important social interactions throughout their day. Tryptophan decreased quarrelsome behavior, but only when placebo was given first, suggesting that a decrease in quarrelsomeness when tryptophan was given first may have carried over into the subsequent placebo period. Tryptophan increased dominant behavior, an effect that was independent of the order of treatment, the broad social context, and the subject's and partner's sex. Our results suggest that serotonin may enhance dominance in humans, as in monkeys, and illustrate the advantages of the event contingent methodology in studying the associations between biology and human social interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- D S Moskowitz
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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Leyton M, Okazawa H, Diksic M, Paris J, Rosa P, Mzengeza S, Young SN, Blier P, Benkelfat C. Brain Regional alpha-[11C]methyl-L-tryptophan trapping in impulsive subjects with borderline personality disorder. Am J Psychiatry 2001; 158:775-82. [PMID: 11329401 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.158.5.775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Neurotransmission of serotonin (or 5-hydroxytryptamine [5-HT]) is thought to be disturbed in patients exhibiting impulsive behaviors. However, until recently it has not been possible to test this hypothesis in the brains of living humans. METHOD Unidirectional trapping of the 5-HT precursor analog alpha-[(11)C]methyl-L-tryptophan (alpha-[(11)C]MTrp) has been proposed as an index of 5-HT synthesis capacity. The authors measured brain regional alpha-[(11)C]MTrp trapping with positron emission tomography in medication-free subjects with borderline personality disorder (N=13) and a healthy comparison group (N=11). Impulsivity was assessed by using a laboratory measure of behavioral disinhibition, go/no-go commission errors. RESULTS Compared to healthy men, the men with borderline personality disorder had significantly lower alpha-[(11)C]MTrp trapping in corticostriatal sites, including the medial frontal gyrus, anterior cingulate gyrus, superior temporal gyrus, and corpus striatum. In the women with borderline personality disorder, significantly lower alpha-[(11)C]MTrp trapping was seen in fewer regions, but in both men and women, negative correlations with impulsivity scores were identified in the medial frontal gyrus, anterior cingulate gyrus, temporal gyrus, and striatum. CONCLUSIONS Low 5-HT synthesis capacity in corticostriatal pathways may contribute to the development of impulsive behaviors in persons with borderline personality disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Leyton
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montéal, Québec, Canada
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The aims of the present study were: i) to measure levels of the dopamine metabolite homovanillic acid (HVA), the serotonin metabolite 5-hydroxindoleacetic acid (5HIAA) and precursor tryptophan, as well as the noradrenaline metabolite 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylethylene glycol (MHPG) and thiamine in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with Friedreich's ataxia (FA), olivopontocerebellar atrophy (OPCA), and the autosomal recessive spastic ataxia of Charlevoix-Saguenay (ARSAC), as compared with sex- and age-matched control subjects. PATIENTS AND METHODS CSF amine related compound levels and thiamine results were compared in 40 FA, 44 OPCA and nine ARSAC patients with those of 94 sex- and age-matched subjects. Neuroimaging (CT scans and single photon emission computed tomographies i.e. SPECT) were carried out in all patients and controls. Genetic studies were conducted on OPCA patients. CSF amine related compounds were measured by high performance liquid chromatography, whereas CSF thiamine levels were measured by a microbiological method. RESULTS FA patients had significantly lower CSF HVA, 5HIAA and thiamine values than control patients and a trend for lower MHPG levels. In OPCA patients, CSF HVA, MHPG and thiamine values were markedly lower whereas CSF 5HIAA values showed only a trend towards lower levels; in ARSAC patients only thiamine and HVA CSF values were lower than those in control subjects. CONCLUSION After presenting the relationships between neurochemical findings on one side, the degree of ataxia, the degree of cerebellar atrophy and the SPECT findings on the other, the authors concluded that replacement and neuroprotective clinical trials in these patients would have to include two or three drugs because the neurotransmitter deficiencies are multiple.
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Affiliation(s)
- M I Botez
- Department of Medicine, Hôtel Dieu Hospital and University of Montréal
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Greenwood CE, Young SN. Dietary fat intake and the brain: a developing frontier in biological psychiatry. J Psychiatry Neurosci 2001; 26:182-4. [PMID: 11394187 PMCID: PMC1408298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023] Open
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Leyton M, Ghadirian AM, Young SN, Palmour RM, Blier P, Helmers KF, Benkelfat C. Depressive relapse following acute tryptophan depletion in patients with major depressive disorder. J Psychopharmacol 2001; 14:284-7. [PMID: 11106310 DOI: 10.1177/026988110001400317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Acute tryptophan depletion (ATD) lowers serotonin synthesis and elicits depressive symptoms in some, though not all, remitted patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). In the present study, eight medication-free remitted patients with MDD, seasonal pattern, were tested twice, once following the ingestion of a tryptophan-containing mixture, once following ATD. ATD significantly increased Hamilton depression scores (p < 0.001). Four of the patients had a family history of psychiatric disorders: substance abuse (n = 4), mood disorders (n = 3) or Cluster B personality disorders (n = 3). The mood-lowering response to ATD was significantly greater in those patients with, than without, affected relatives (p < 0.001). These preliminary findings (1) support the hypothesis that depressed states are related to disturbed serotonin neurotransmission and (2) suggest that depressive symptoms following ATD might identify a subgroup of patients at high genetic risk for disorders associated with affective lability and dysregulated impulse-control, conditions thought to be related to low serotonin neurotransmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Leyton
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
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Abstract
To understand how the 'caregiving context' could affect responses to procedural pain, the authors sought to determine whether (1) the combined effects of sweet taste and holding (caregiving contact) were greater than the effects of either alone, (2) any combined effects were additive or interactive, and (3) the interventions had similar effects on behavioral (crying and facial activity) and physiological (heart rate, vagal tone) responses to the heel-stick procedure in newborn infants in a randomized two-factorial intervention trial. Eighty-five normally developing newborn infants were studied with a mean gestational age of 39.4 weeks on the 2nd or 3rd day of life. Infants were randomized in blocks of eight to receive (1) no holding and water taste (control participants), (2) no holding and sucrose taste (sucrose group), (3) holding and water taste (holding group), or (4) holding and sucrose taste (holding and sucrose group). Crying was reduced significantly by taste and holding, and the interventions combined additively. Facial activity was only significantly reduced by holding. For physiological measures, the interventions interacted with each other and preintervention levels to reduce heart rate and lower vagal tone more during the procedure in infants in whom heart rate and vagal tone were higher before intervention. Consequently, sweet taste and holding interventions combined in complex ways when acting on different behavioral and physiological response systems to modify stressful pain experiences. The results suggest that providing a caregiving context when painful procedures are performed may be a simple and practical method of reducing pain experience in infants, and that no one measure captures these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Gormally
- Department of Pediatrics, McGill University Faculty of Medicine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Bulimic, impulsive and depressive syndromes have all been associated with abnormalities in brain serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT) mechanisms. METHODS We had 26 bulimic women and 22 normal-eater women report impulsive, affective, self-destructive and bulimic symptoms, and then provide serial blood samples for measurement of: [3H]-paroxetine binding in platelets; and, prolactin (PRL) responses following oral meta-chlorophenylpiperazine (m-CPP). RESULTS Bulimic status was associated with markedly reduced density of paroxetine-binding sites, modest blunting of m-CPP stimulated PRL response, and greater nausea following m-CPP. Biological variables did not co-vary with most psychopathological or eating-symptom indices. However, there were inverse associations (in bulimic women only) between scores indicating impulsivity (largely 'unreflectiveness') and density of platelet 5-HT uptake sites. CONCLUSIONS Our observations link bulimia nervosa to altered 5-HT functioning, and suggest that there may be a relatively symptom-specific association between impulsivity and reduced 5-HT reuptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Steiger
- Eating Disorders Program and Research Centre, Douglas Hospital, Verdun, Quebec, Canada
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Steiger H, Léonard S, Kin NY, Ladouceur C, Ramdoyal D, Young SN. Childhood abuse and platelet tritiated-paroxetine binding in bulimia nervosa: implications of borderline personality disorder. J Clin Psychiatry 2000; 61:428-35. [PMID: 10901341 DOI: 10.4088/jcp.v61n0607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Co-occurrence of bulimia nervosa and borderline personality disorder has been attributed to shared factors, including childhood abuse and disturbances in central serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT) mechanisms. To explore this notion, we conducted a controlled assessment of childhood abuse and 5-HT function in bulimics with and without borderline personality disorder. METHOD Forty patients with bulimia nervosa, confirmed with the Eating Disorders Examination interview (14 with borderline personality disorder and 26 without), and 25 normal-eater controls were assessed for clinical symptoms (eating disturbances, mood lability, impulsivity, and dissociation) and childhood sexual and physical abuse. We also conducted tests of platelet tritiated-paroxetine binding in blood samples from 27 of the bulimics (11 with borderline personality disorder and 16 without) and 16 of the controls. RESULTS Relative to normal eaters, bulimics showed greater affective instability, overall impulsivity, and a history of physical abuse. However, borderline bulimics alone showed elevated motor impulsivity, dissociation, and rates of sexual abuse. Paroxetine-binding tests indicated no differences attributable to comorbid borderline personality disorder, instead linking bulimia nervosa with or without borderline personality disorder to substantially reduced 5-HT transporter density. CONCLUSION Results suggest relatively autonomous pathologic entities: one, relevant to bulimia nervosa, being associated with abnormal 5-HT transporter function and affective instability, but relatively independent of childhood sexual abuse; another, relevant to borderline personality disorder, onto which sexual abuse, dissociative symptoms, and behavioral impulsivity converge. We propose that abnormal 5-HT function may, however, constitute one basis for the frequent co-occurrence of bulimic and borderline disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Steiger
- Eating Disorders Program, Douglas Hospital, Verdun, Quebec, Canada.
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Leyton M, Young SN, Pihl RO, Etezadi S, Lauze C, Blier P, Baker GB, Benkelfat C. A comparison of the effects of acute tryptophan depletion and acute phenylalanine/tyrosine depletion in healthy women. Adv Exp Med Biol 2000; 467:67-71. [PMID: 10721039 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4615-4709-9_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Acute tryptophan depletion (ATD), which is thought to lower serotonin levels, can result in a lowering of mood. In the present study we compared the effect of ATD with acute phenylalanine/tyrosine depletion (APTD) in healthy women. Although considerable evidence relates catecholamines to the regulation of anxiety, there was no difference in anxiety responses in the ATD and APTD groups when the women underwent a mildly stressful psychological challenge. Both ATD and APTD caused a similar lowering of mood. Both depletions also increased heart rate. These results suggest that APTD is a useful method for studying the effect of low catecholamine levels in humans, and that catecholamines are involved in the regulation of mood.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Leyton
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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Steinberg S, Annable L, Young SN, Liyanage N. A placebo-controlled study of the effects of L-tryptophan in patients with premenstrual dysphoria. Adv Exp Med Biol 2000; 467:85-8. [PMID: 10721042 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4615-4709-9_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
In a randomized controlled clinical trial, 37 patients with premenstrual dysphoric disorder were treated with L-tryptophan 6 g per day and 34 were given placebo. The treatments were given under double-blind conditions for 17 days, from the time of ovulation to the third day of menstruation, during three consecutive cycles. Visual Analog Mood Scales revealed a significant (p = 0.004) therapeutic effect of L-tryptophan relative to placebo for the cluster of mood symptoms comprising the items dysphoria, mood swings, tension and irritability. These results suggest that increasing serotonin synthesis during the late luteal phase of the menstrual cycle is therapeutic in patients with premenstrual dysphoric disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Steinberg
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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Abstract
The method for measuring serotonin synthesis in human brain uses [11C]alpha-methyl-L-tryptophan as a tracer and positron emission tomography. The alpha-methyl-L-tryptophan is converted to alpha-methylserotonin, which is not a substrate for monoamine oxidase and therefore accumulates in the brain. In a pilot study published recently, rates of serotonin synthesis were found to be higher in men than in women. This was due to the lower plasma free tryptophan in the women under the experimental conditions used, and does not necessarily reflect the situation in all circumstances. Acute tryptophan depletion lowered brain serotonin synthesis by 90% or more. Patients with borderline personality disorder, who exhibit emotional lability and impulsivity, may have lower brain serotonin synthesis rates than healthy controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- S N Young
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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Leyton M, Young SN, Blier P, Baker GB, Pihl RO, Benkelfat C. Acute tyrosine depletion and alcohol ingestion in healthy women. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2000; 24:459-64. [PMID: 10798581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently we reported that, in vervet monkeys, ingestion of an amino acid mixture deficient in the catecholamine precursors, phenylalanine and tyrosine, produced a decrease in alcohol self-administration. We now report the results of a similar study in humans. METHODS Three groups of healthy female social drinkers were administered a nutritionally balanced amino acid mixture (B, n = 13), a mixture deficient in the serotonin precursor, tryptophan (Trp-free, n = 14), or a phenylalanine/tyrosine deficient mixture (Phe/Tyr-free, n = 12). Six hours after administration of the amino acid mixture, alcohol ingestion was measured during a free-choice "Taste Test." RESULTS Compared to the B mixture, Phe/Tyr-free, but not Trp-free, significantly decreased the ingestion of alcohol [p < 0.02]. Neither Phe/Tyr-free nor Trp-free significantly decreased orange juice ingestion or the self-reported "Liking" of either substance. Some subjects experienced transient nausea and/or regurgitated the amino acid mixtures, but excluding these subjects did not change the results. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that (a) Phe/Tyr-free may be a suitable method for investigating the role of catecholamines in the self-administration and subjective effects of alcohol, (b) acutely decreased catecholamine neurotransmission might disrupt mechanisms mediating alcohol self-administration, and (c) acutely decreased serotonin neurotransmission seems not to alter alcohol self-administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Leyton
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
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Abstract
Catecholamines have been implicated in the etiology and pathophysiology of mood and anxiety disorders. In the present study, we investigated the effects of experimentally reducing catecholamine neurotransmission by means of acute phenylalanine/tyrosine depletion (APTD). Healthy female volunteers ingested: (1) a nutritionally balanced amino acid (AA) mixture (n = 14); (2) a mixture deficient in the serotonin precursor, tryptophan (n = 15); or (3) one deficient in the catecholamine precursors, phenylalanine and tyrosine (n = 12). Mood was measured at three times: at baseline and both immediately before and after an aversive psychological challenge (public speaking and mental arithmetic) conducted 5 hours after AA mixture ingestion. Acute tryptophan depletion (ATD) lowered mood and energy and increased irritability scores. These effects were statistically significant only after the psychological challenge. The effect of APTD on mood was similar to that of ATD. APTD did not attenuate the anxiety caused by the psychological challenge. These findings suggest that, in healthy women, reduced serotonin and/or catecholamine neurotransmission increases vulnerability to lowered mood, especially following exposure to aversive psychological events.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Leyton
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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50
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Dursun SM, Harris AS, Young SN. The 22nd annual meeting of the Canadian College of Neuropsychopharmacology. Halifax, Canada, June 12-15, 1999. J Psychiatry Neurosci 1999; 24:402-12. [PMID: 10586532 PMCID: PMC1189055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S M Dursun
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax
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