1
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Tapia Del Fierro A, den Hamer B, Benetti N, Jansz N, Chen K, Beck T, Vanyai H, Gurzau AD, Daxinger L, Xue S, Ly TTN, Wanigasuriya I, Iminitoff M, Breslin K, Oey H, Krom YD, van der Hoorn D, Bouwman LF, Johanson TM, Ritchie ME, Gouil QA, Reversade B, Prin F, Mohun T, van der Maarel SM, McGlinn E, Murphy JM, Keniry A, de Greef JC, Blewitt ME. SMCHD1 has separable roles in chromatin architecture and gene silencing that could be targeted in disease. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5466. [PMID: 37749075 PMCID: PMC10519958 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40992-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The interplay between 3D chromatin architecture and gene silencing is incompletely understood. Here, we report a novel point mutation in the non-canonical SMC protein SMCHD1 that enhances its silencing capacity at endogenous developmental targets. Moreover, it also results in enhanced silencing at the facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy associated macrosatellite-array, D4Z4, resulting in enhanced repression of DUX4 encoded by this repeat. Heightened SMCHD1 silencing perturbs developmental Hox gene activation, causing a homeotic transformation in mice. Paradoxically, the mutant SMCHD1 appears to enhance insulation against other epigenetic regulators, including PRC2 and CTCF, while depleting long range chromatin interactions akin to what is observed in the absence of SMCHD1. These data suggest that SMCHD1's role in long range chromatin interactions is not directly linked to gene silencing or insulating the chromatin, refining the model for how the different levels of SMCHD1-mediated chromatin regulation interact to bring about gene silencing in normal development and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andres Tapia Del Fierro
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- The Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Bianca den Hamer
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Natalia Benetti
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- The Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Natasha Jansz
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- The Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Kelan Chen
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- The Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Tamara Beck
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Hannah Vanyai
- Crick Advanced Light Microscopy Facility, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Alexandra D Gurzau
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- The Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Lucia Daxinger
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Shifeng Xue
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Thanh Thao Nguyen Ly
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Iromi Wanigasuriya
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- The Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Megan Iminitoff
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- The Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Kelsey Breslin
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Harald Oey
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Yvonne D Krom
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Dinja van der Hoorn
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Linde F Bouwman
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Timothy M Johanson
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- The Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Matthew E Ritchie
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- The Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Quentin A Gouil
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- The Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Bruno Reversade
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
- Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Fabrice Prin
- Crick Advanced Light Microscopy Facility, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Timothy Mohun
- Crick Advanced Light Microscopy Facility, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | | | - Edwina McGlinn
- EMBL Australia, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - James M Murphy
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- The Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew Keniry
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- The Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jessica C de Greef
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Marnie E Blewitt
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
- The Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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2
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Keniry A, Jansz N, Hickey PF, Breslin KA, Iminitoff M, Beck T, Gouil Q, Ritchie ME, Blewitt ME. A method for stabilising the XX karyotype in female mESC cultures. Development 2022; 149:285125. [PMID: 36355065 PMCID: PMC10112917 DOI: 10.1242/dev.200845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Female mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) present differently from male mESCs in several fundamental ways; however, complications with their in vitro culture have resulted in an under-representation of female mESCs in the literature. Recent studies show that the second X chromosome in female, and more specifically the transcriptional activity from both of these chromosomes due to absent X chromosome inactivation, sets female and male mESCs apart. To avoid this undesirable state, female mESCs in culture preferentially adopt an XO karyotype, with this adaption leading to loss of their unique properties in favour of a state that is near indistinguishable from male mESCs. If female pluripotency is to be studied effectively in this system, it is crucial that high-quality cultures of XX mESCs are available. Here, we report a method for better maintaining XX female mESCs in culture that also stabilises the male karyotype and makes study of female-specific pluripotency more feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Keniry
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.,The Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Natasha Jansz
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.,The Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Peter F Hickey
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.,The Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Kelsey A Breslin
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Megan Iminitoff
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.,The Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Tamara Beck
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Quentin Gouil
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.,The Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Matthew E Ritchie
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.,The Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Marnie E Blewitt
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.,The Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
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3
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Dong X, Tian L, Gouil Q, Kariyawasam H, Su S, De Paoli-Iseppi R, Prawer YDJ, Clark MB, Breslin K, Iminitoff M, Blewitt ME, Law CW, Ritchie ME. The long and the short of it: unlocking nanopore long-read RNA sequencing data with short-read differential expression analysis tools. NAR Genom Bioinform 2021; 3:lqab028. [PMID: 33937765 PMCID: PMC8074342 DOI: 10.1093/nargab/lqab028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Application of Oxford Nanopore Technologies’ long-read sequencing platform to transcriptomic analysis is increasing in popularity. However, such analysis can be challenging due to the high sequence error and small library sizes, which decreases quantification accuracy and reduces power for statistical testing. Here, we report the analysis of two nanopore RNA-seq datasets with the goal of obtaining gene- and isoform-level differential expression information. A dataset of synthetic, spliced, spike-in RNAs (‘sequins’) as well as a mouse neural stem cell dataset from samples with a null mutation of the epigenetic regulator Smchd1 was analysed using a mix of long-read specific tools for preprocessing together with established short-read RNA-seq methods for downstream analysis. We used limma-voom to perform differential gene expression analysis, and the novel FLAMES pipeline to perform isoform identification and quantification, followed by DRIMSeq and limma-diffSplice (with stageR) to perform differential transcript usage analysis. We compared results from the sequins dataset to the ground truth, and results of the mouse dataset to a previous short-read study on equivalent samples. Overall, our work shows that transcriptomic analysis of long-read nanopore data using long-read specific preprocessing methods together with short-read differential expression methods and software that are already in wide use can yield meaningful results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyi Dong
- Epigenetics and Development Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Luyi Tian
- Epigenetics and Development Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Quentin Gouil
- Epigenetics and Development Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Hasaru Kariyawasam
- Epigenetics and Development Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Shian Su
- Epigenetics and Development Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Ricardo De Paoli-Iseppi
- Centre for Stem Cell Systems, Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Yair David Joseph Prawer
- Centre for Stem Cell Systems, Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Michael B Clark
- Centre for Stem Cell Systems, Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Kelsey Breslin
- Epigenetics and Development Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Megan Iminitoff
- Epigenetics and Development Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Marnie E Blewitt
- Epigenetics and Development Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Charity W Law
- Epigenetics and Development Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Matthew E Ritchie
- Epigenetics and Development Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
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4
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Chen K, Birkinshaw RW, Gurzau AD, Wanigasuriya I, Wang R, Iminitoff M, Sandow JJ, Young SN, Hennessy PJ, Willson TA, Heckmann DA, Webb AI, Blewitt ME, Czabotar PE, Murphy JM. Crystal structure of the hinge domain of Smchd1 reveals its dimerization mode and nucleic acid-binding residues. Sci Signal 2020; 13:13/636/eaaz5599. [PMID: 32546545 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aaz5599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Structural maintenance of chromosomes flexible hinge domain containing 1 (SMCHD1) is an epigenetic regulator in which polymorphisms cause the human developmental disorder, Bosma arhinia micropthalmia syndrome, and the degenerative disease, facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy. SMCHD1 is considered a noncanonical SMC family member because its hinge domain is C-terminal, because it homodimerizes rather than heterodimerizes, and because SMCHD1 contains a GHKL-type, rather than an ABC-type ATPase domain at its N terminus. The hinge domain has been previously implicated in chromatin association; however, the underlying mechanism involved and the basis for SMCHD1 homodimerization are unclear. Here, we used x-ray crystallography to solve the three-dimensional structure of the Smchd1 hinge domain. Together with structure-guided mutagenesis, we defined structural features of the hinge domain that participated in homodimerization and nucleic acid binding, and we identified a functional hotspot required for chromatin localization in cells. This structure provides a template for interpreting the mechanism by which patient polymorphisms within the SMCHD1 hinge domain could compromise function and lead to facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelan Chen
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Richard W Birkinshaw
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Alexandra D Gurzau
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Iromi Wanigasuriya
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Ruoyun Wang
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Megan Iminitoff
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Jarrod J Sandow
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Samuel N Young
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Patrick J Hennessy
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Tracy A Willson
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Denise A Heckmann
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Andrew I Webb
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Marnie E Blewitt
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia. .,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia.,School of Biosciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Peter E Czabotar
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia. .,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - James M Murphy
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia. .,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
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5
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Iminitoff M, Damani T, Williams E, Brooks AES, Feisst V, Sheppard HM. microRNAs in Ex Vivo Human Adipose Tissue Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (ASC) Undergo Rapid Culture-Induced Changes in Expression, Including miR-378 which Promotes Adipogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21041492. [PMID: 32098272 PMCID: PMC7073112 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
There is clinical interest in using human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (ASC) to treat a range of inflammatory and regenerative conditions. Aspects of ASC biology, including their regenerative potential and paracrine effect, are likely to be modulated, in part, by microRNAs, small RNA molecules that are embedded as regulators of gene-expression in most biological pathways. However, the effect of standard isolation and expansion protocols on microRNA expression in ASC is not well explored. Here, by using an untouched and enriched population of primary human ASC, we demonstrate that there are rapid and significant changes in microRNA expression when ASC are subjected to standard isolation and expansion methods. Functional studies focusing on miR-378 indicate that these changes in expression may have an impact on phenotype and function. Specifically, we found that increased levels of miR-378 significantly promoted adipogenesis in late passage ASC. These results are informative to maximizing the potential of ASC for use in various clinical applications, and they have implications for targeting microRNAs as a therapeutic strategy for obesity or metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Iminitoff
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, 1150 Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Tanvi Damani
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, 1150 Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Eloise Williams
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, 1150 Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Anna E S Brooks
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, 1150 Auckland, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre, University of Auckland, 1150 Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Vaughan Feisst
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, 1150 Auckland, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre, University of Auckland, 1150 Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Hilary M Sheppard
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, 1150 Auckland, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre, University of Auckland, 1150 Auckland, New Zealand
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6
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Brooks AES, Iminitoff M, Williams E, Damani T, Jackson-Patel V, Fan V, James J, Dunbar PR, Feisst V, Sheppard HM. Ex Vivo Human Adipose Tissue Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (ASC) Are a Heterogeneous Population That Demonstrate Rapid Culture-Induced Changes. Front Pharmacol 2020; 10:1695. [PMID: 32153389 PMCID: PMC7044177 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Human adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (ASC) are showing clinical promise for the treatment of a range of inflammatory and degenerative conditions. These lipoaspirate-derived cells are part of the abundant and accessible source of heterogeneous stromal vascular fraction (SVF). They are typically isolated and expanded from the SVF via adherent cell culture for at least 2 weeks and as such represent a relatively undefined population of cells. We isolated ex vivo ASC directly from lipoaspirate using a cocktail of antibodies combined with immunomagnetic bead sorting. This method allowed for the rapid enrichment of a defined and untouched ex vivo ASC population (referred to as MACS-derived ASC) that were then compared to culture-derived ASC. This comparison found that MACS-derived ASC contain a greater proportion of cells with activity in in vitro differentiation assays. There were also significant differences in the secretion levels of some key paracrine molecules. Moreover, when the MACS-derived ASC were subjected to adherent tissue culture, rapid changes in gene expression were observed. This indicates that culturing cells may alter the clinical utility of these cells. Although MACS-derived ASC are more defined compared to culture-derived ASC, further investigations using a comprehensive multicolor flow cytometry panel revealed that this cell population is more heterogeneous than previously appreciated. Additional studies are therefore required to more precisely delineate phenotypically distinct ASC subsets with the most therapeutic potential. This research highlights the disparity between ex vivo MACS-derived and culture-derived ASC and the need for further characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna E S Brooks
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Maurice Wilkins Centre, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Megan Iminitoff
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Eloise Williams
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Tanvi Damani
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - Vicky Fan
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Joanna James
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - P Rod Dunbar
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Maurice Wilkins Centre, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Vaughan Feisst
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Maurice Wilkins Centre, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Hilary M Sheppard
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Maurice Wilkins Centre, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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7
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Jansz N, Nesterova T, Keniry A, Iminitoff M, Hickey PF, Pintacuda G, Masui O, Kobelke S, Geoghegan N, Breslin KA, Willson TA, Rogers K, Kay GF, Fox AH, Koseki H, Brockdorff N, Murphy JM, Blewitt ME. Smchd1 Targeting to the Inactive X Is Dependent on the Xist-HnrnpK-PRC1 Pathway. Cell Rep 2019; 25:1912-1923.e9. [PMID: 30428357 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.10.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
We and others have recently reported that the SMC protein Smchd1 is a regulator of chromosome conformation. Smchd1 is critical for the structure of the inactive X chromosome and at autosomal targets such as the Hox genes. However, it is unknown how Smchd1 is recruited to these sites. Here, we report that Smchd1 localizes to the inactive X via the Xist-HnrnpK-PRC1 (polycomb repressive complex 1) pathway. Contrary to previous reports, Smchd1 does not bind Xist or other RNA molecules with any specificity. Rather, the localization of Smchd1 to the inactive X is H2AK119ub dependent. Following perturbation of this interaction, Smchd1 is destabilized, which has consequences for gene silencing genome-wide. Our work adds Smchd1 to the PRC1 silencing pathway for X chromosome inactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Jansz
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Tatyana Nesterova
- Developmental Epigenetics, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Andrew Keniry
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Megan Iminitoff
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Peter F Hickey
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Greta Pintacuda
- Developmental Epigenetics, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Osamu Masui
- Centre for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN Yokohama Institute, 1-7-22, Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Simon Kobelke
- School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Niall Geoghegan
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Kelsey A Breslin
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Tracy A Willson
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Kelly Rogers
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Graham F Kay
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Archa H Fox
- School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Haruhiko Koseki
- Centre for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN Yokohama Institute, 1-7-22, Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Neil Brockdorff
- Developmental Epigenetics, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | - James M Murphy
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Marnie E Blewitt
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia; Department of Genetics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia.
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